Hgi nghi Khoa hgc h'''' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam Hd Ngi JO 20JO DANH GIA TIEM NANG VA GIAI PHAP SlT DUNG DIA NHIET DE PHAT TRIEN NANG LU^ONG TAI TAO O VIET NAM THE ASSESSMENTS OF T[.]
Trang 1Hgi nghi Khoa hgc h'- niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc va Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi JO 20JO
DANH GIA TIEM NANG VA GIAI PHAP SlT DUNG DIA NHIET
DE PHAT TRIEN NANG LU^ONG TAI TAO O VIET NAM
THE ASSESSMENTS OF THE GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY AND THE APPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPING RENEWABLE ENERGY IN
VIETNAM
Boan Van Tuyen, Dinh Van Toan
Vien Dja chit - Vien Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe Viet Nam Ngd 84 phd Chiia Ling - Q Ddng Da - Ha Ndi E-mail: doanvantuyen(a)yahoo.eom
Tom tat:
Khai thdc ndng lugng dja nhiet trin thi giai cd nhirng thdnh tuu mai Id: 1) Sir
dung turbin hai chu ky ORC vd Kalina cho khd ndng khai thdc dja nhiet trin phgm vi rdng a hdu hit cdc viing lanh thd nin tiim ndng khai thdc dja nhiet cd triin vgng rdt lan; 2) Sir dung cdng nghi bam ngudn nhiet ddt diiu hda khdng khi
cd khd ndng irng dung rdng rdi trong sdn xudt vd ddi sdng a mgi nai Id mot gidi phdp tiit kiim ndng lugng hiiu qud
Trin lanh thd Viet Nam da phdt hiin nhiiu diim Id nuac ndng vd rdt ndng, cdc viing vd dia diim dj thuang ddng nhiet Id tiin di di nghiin cim khai thdc phdt diin dja nhiet Tdng trung hda nhiet a viing ddng bdng Sdng Hdng cd diiu kiin thudn lgi de dp dung cdng nghi bom nhiet ddt cho nhu cdu diiu hda khdng khi cd
khd ndng tiit kiim 37% ndng lugng so vai cdng nghe truyen thdng
Abstract:
Exploitation of geothermal energy in the world with new achievements are: 1) Using binary turbine, such as ORC and Kalina cycle made a great potential in geothermal exploitation on a large scale in most regions; 2) Using technology of ground source heat pump GSHP for air conditioning as a solution to save energy has capacity to apply widely in production and life
On the territory of Vietnam, people have discovered a lot and very hot spring The areas and location anomalies of the heat flow are precondition to study the exploitation of geothermal power generation Neutral temperature layer in the Red River delta has favorable conditions to apply the ground source heat pump technology for air conditioning demand with 37% energy saving in comparing with the conventional technology
Tong quan
Trai dit li mdt ddng co nhiet khdng Id: nhiet do gia ting theo chieu siu dat 300 - 350°C
d manti, hon 4.000°C trong nhin, ning lugng eua ddng nhiet thdat ra tren be mat Trii dit xac djnh dugc li 42 x 10 W la mdt ngudn nang lugng tii tao vd tin
Dja nhiet li ngudn ning lugng saeh d i duge khai thie d nhieu noi tren the gidi ed nhieu
uu viet hon so vdi cie ngudn ning lugng tii tao khie Trudc diy, do cdng nghe edn nhilu ban ehi, gii thinh khai thie ning lugng dja nhiet cao hon ning lugng truyin thing, nen khai thie dja nhiet ehi ed hieu qui kinh te d eic viing niii lira boat ddng v i rift Ngay nay, vdi nhirng thanh tuu cdng nghe mdi dang md ra trien vgng ldn v l khi ning cung cip ning lugng, hieu
Trang 2Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc vi Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8
1) Di phdt diin bang cdng nghe mdi sir dung tuabin hai ehu ky ORC vi Kalina chi cin
ngudn dja nhiet 100°C (cdng nghe cii -tuabin hoi nude can nhiet do >180°C), md ra khi ning khai thie cic ngudn dja nhiet nhiet the thap phin bd rdng rai d nhilu noi
2) Sir dung true tiip cdc ngudn nude ndng cho sin xuit, sinh boat, hip din du ljeh,
3) Sir dung nhiet ndng ngudn dja nhiet a tdng trung hda nhiet ngay dual mat ddt (nhiet ddt) cdng nghi "Bam nhiet ddt - (GSHP) " cho diiu hda khdng khi li mot giii phip tiet kiem
ning lugng hieu qui nhit vi giim thieu phit thii khi CO2,
0 Viet Nam, vin de dinh gii tiem ning vi tien tdi khai thie cic ngudn ning lugng mdi tii
tao vi cac giii phip tiet kiem ning lugng trong nhiing nim tdi li mdt nhiem vu cip thiet Dilu kien dja chit -kien tao eho thiy, lanh thd Viet Nam khdng nim trong viing cd tiem ning eao vl dja nhiet, nhung di phit hien duge tren 200 diem Id nude ndng den rit ndng ehirng td nguIn dja nhiet rit phong phu [1] Cic ket qui dinh gii tiern ning ngudn dja nhi?t edn rit kem do tin cay, chua cap nhit dugc cic cdng nghe mdi tren the gidi nen chua de xuat day dii cic giii phap khai thae sir dung ngudn tii nguyen dja nhiet - mdt ngudn nang lugng sach tii tao quy gii de phuc vu cho phit trien kinh te xa hgi
Bii viet nay gidi thieu mdt sd quan diem mdi ve dinh gii tiem ning khai thie su dung dja nhiet tren the gidi, din chirng mdt sd dir lieu the hien tiem ning eic ngudn dja nhiet vi hieu qui tiet kiem ning lugng eiia cdng nghe bom dja nhiet dieu hda khdng khi de minh chirng trien vgng khai thie dja nhiet cho phit trien ngudn ning lugng saeh d Viet Nam
I Ve tiem nang khai thac sii dung dja nhiet tren the gidi
/ Di phdt diin: Trudc diy, khai thae dja nhiet de phit dien chi duge quan tim den eic ngudn nhiet the {Enthalpy) eao, phin bd trong viing nui lira hoat ddng va rift, edng suit tiem
nang dugc dinh gia khoang 140 GWe, hien nay di dugc khai thie de phit dien d tren 20 nude vdi edng suit hon 9.000 MWe, sin lugng dien dat duge khoing 33.000 TWh mdi nim
Ket qui nghien ciru sir phin bd nhiet do trong ldng dit hien nay ciing vdi cic cdng nghe phit dien d nhiet do thip (100°C) bing Uirbin hai ehu ky ORC vi Kalina cho khi ning thue hi'^n d pham vi rat rdng, khdng chi gidi ban trong cie vanh dai nui lira boat ddng vi rift Tai lieu thue te cho thiy, d dieu kien binh thudng mirc ting nhiet do (gradient) theo chieu siu vao ldng dit trung binh li 25 -30°C/ km, vdi nhiet do trung binh 0 mat dit li 15°C, nhiet do dat tdi 90°C - 105°C d do siu 3.000m, da ed dieu kien de khai thie cho phit dien Ngoii ra, cie viing boat ddng magma, kieri tao tich cue tao dieu kien hinh thinh vi ton tai eic nguln/he dja nhiet nhiet do eao vi phin bd ndng thuin lgi eho khai thie Tren co sd dd, tilm nang dja nhiet tdi do siu 3 km ed kha nang cho khai thac hien nay danh gii dugc li 43.000.000 EJ (Exa-Jun) tuong duong 1.200.000.000 TWh [2], li nguIn ning lugng tii tao vd eiing ldn so vdi trii lugng tdng cdng eiia tit ci cic ngudn ning lugng hda thach (diu lira, khi thien nhien, than di)
la 36.373 EJ, tuong duong 1.000.000 TWh Vdi khi nang cdng nghe hien ed eho khi ning khai thie mdt phan rit nhd ngudn ning lugng dja nhiet niy (<1%) da cd thi dip irng dugc nhu eau tieu thu dien ning ciia toan the gidi du bio din nim 2030 li 30.364 TWh [2] Xuit phat tir quan diem mdi ve tiem ning vi khi ning edng nghe, nhieu qude gia da dua ra eac djnh hudng chien luge mdi va diu tu khai thac ngudn ning lugng niy
Chiu A ed tiem ning dia nhiet cao d ria ming Thii Binh Duong, ed ddng nhiet dat tdi hon
200 mW/m' Cic viing dj thudng ddng nhiet ed gii trj tuong ddi cao >80 mW/m' chilm dien
tich rat ldn cd nhiet do >100°C d do sau 2 km eiing li viing tiem nang va trien vgng ldn khai
thae nang lugng dja nhiet trong tuong lai {Hinh I) [3]
Hien nay cdng suit lip dat dien dja nhiet d My li 2.534 MWe eho sin lugng dien 17.840 GWh/1 nim Theo cic quan dilm mdi Vien Cdng nghe Massaehusett (MIT) danh gii tilm nang dja nhiet eua nude My d do sau 3 din 10 km li 13.000.000 EJ, trong do mot phin rit nhd ed dilu kien dl khai thac su dung trong tuong lai li 200.000 EJ cung di gip 2.000 lin
Trang 3Hgi nghi Khoa hoc kv niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10'2010
tdng ning lugng so cip cua nude My nim 2005 Nude My dang diu tu cic nghien cim trien khai de dat muc tieu khai thie dat edng suit phat dien 100.000 MWe tir ning lugng dja nhiet vio nam 2050, chuong trinh nay khdng chi gdp phin giii quyet an ninh ning lugng mi cdn
la mdt giii phip thiet thue phat trien nang lugng sach de giim lugng khi phit thii giy bien ddi khi hiu [2]
2 Sir dung true tiip nhiet ndng dja nhiet bao gdm ngudn nude ndng va ngudn dja nhiet nhiet do thip cdn ggi li nhiet ddt Ngudn nude ndng ehi xuit Id ban che d mdt sd it noi, trong
khi dd ngudn nhiet dit -tang trung hda nhiet tdn tai ngay dudi mat dit d mgi noi ed nhiet do eao hon khdng khi ve miia ddng va thip hon ve miia he li mdt kho lim trii nhiet vd ciing ldn,
de dang khai thie bing edng nghe bom nhiet dit {Ground Source Heat Pump -GSHP) de dieu
hda khdng khi (sudi im ve miia ddng lam mit ve miia he) Hien nay cdng nghe niy da duge phd bien rgng rii tir quy md gia dinh den thuong mai d My, Chiu Au, Trung Qude vi nhieu nude khac vdi tdng edng suit lip dit gin 20.000 MWt vdi sin lugng hon 220.000 TJ/ nim da cho thiy diy li mdt giii phip tiet kiem 30 -50% ve ehi phi eiing nhu ning lugng vi giim khi thii giy d nhiem mdi trudng [2, 4]
60* 70" 80' 90* 100" 110" 120' VO' I'-O' 150" 160* 170* 180"
'•'-'• 0 b i * ^
•f^ i — ^ r - - s ^ ^ -_*••*&-/.fitTl
^ - ^ ^
•<>^
a 1 V
30'
- f 20'
V
- *V4A V 1 # ' ''«^
_ 1
2 0 ' 3 = 3 1 mW/m^
•% j 4S
-.- - 0 ^
-20-.,, t i '* t j f l , j i o j a o 1201160 200j *r? , x , i s
• , « •
CO' 70' 80' W 100' 110" 120' 130" V.O" 150' 100' 170'
A heat flow contour map in Asia (L"iiivcrsir\- of Nortli Dakota, ZOOS')
18G'
Hinh 1 Bdn do ddng nhiet thi hiin tiitn ndng khai thdc dja nhiet a Chdu A [3]
Ghi chu: Cdc duang khoanh mdu sdng chi thi viing cd ddng nhiet lan han 80 mW/m dgt nhiet do >100°C a do sdu 2 km
II Ve tiem nang khai thac sir dung va nhu cau nghien ciru dja nhiet d Viet Nam
1 Tiim ndng cho phdt triin diin dja nhiet: Tren bin do the gidi vi Chau A, linh thd Viet Nam
ed tilm ning dja nhiet chi d mirc trung binh, nhung theo dieu tra da phit hien dugc tren 200 diem
Id nude ndng den rit ndng tren khip linh thd [ 1 ] chimg td ngudn dja nhiet rit phong phu
Trang 4Tiiu ban: Cdc Khoa hoc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8
- Bing phuong phip dja nhiet ke hda
bge da dinh gii dugc nhiet do bdn nhiet
d eic dilm nude rat ndng (>60°C) d
viing Trung Bd (Kim Di - Nghe An,
Son Kim - Ha TTnh, Bang - Quing
Binh, Huyen Cd - Quing Tri, Duong
Hda Hul, Md Dire, Nghia Thing
-Quing Ngii, Hdi Vin - Binh Djnh, Tu
Bdng, Dinh Thanh - Khinh Hda, ) dat
130 - 180°C, vdi tilm ning phat dien du
bio 15 - 20 MWe tai moi noi [5]
- Tir eic nghien cim dia nhiet trong
tham dd diu khi da xie djnh duge cie
viing dj thudng ddng nhiet cao hon 100
mW/m^ d phin ddng nam ddng bing
Sdng Hdng vi them luc dja phia Ddng
Nam {Hinh 2)
- Cic ket qui nghien cim ddng nhiet
trong mdt sd Id khoan dja chit thuy van
d Trung Bd vi Tiy Nguyen ciing eho
thiy xuit hien di thudng ddng nhiet cao
nhu: Hul (106 - 143 mW/m^), Quing
Ngai (90 - 120 mW/m^), Cdng Tum (86
- 108 mW/m^) {Hinh 2)
Cic sd lieu tren diy la nhiing dau
hieu chirng td d nude ta cd cic ngudn
dja nhiet cd dieu kien khai thie nhu
trong viing tiem ning dja nhiet Chiu A Cic vj tri dj thudng ddng nhiet vi xuit Id nude ndng
ed mdi lien quan chit ehe vdi cae dieu kien dja chit -kien tao
2 Tiim ndng sir dung nuac ndng: Vdi hon 200 diem Id nude ndng xuit Id di dugc sir
dung tir lau trong din gian de tim ndng chiia benh, ddng chai, say ndng sin thue phim, hip dan khich du lich trong nude vi qude te
3 Tiim ndng sir dung nhiet ddt vd cdng nghi bam dja nhiet diiu hda khdng khi tiit kiim ndng lugng: Nude ta thudc vimg khi hiu nhiet ddi, miia he ndng im keo dii hon 6 thing trong
nim nhiet do tren 30°C, miia ddng dudi 20°C nen nhu ciu dieu hda khdng khi rit ldn
De dinh gii tiem ning va hieu qui ip dung cdng nghe bom dja nhiet se din chirng mot
sd ket qua nghien cim budc diu ed duge d viing ddng bing Sdng Hdng [6] Ket qui do earota nhiet do trong trong cae Id khoan dja chit thuy vin d viing ddng bing Sdng Hdng eho thiy, d
do siu tir 10 - 15 m den 60 - 80 m la ting trung hda nhiet ed nhiet do tuong ddi dn djnh, dao
ddng trong khoing 25 - 26°C phan bd rdng rai d mgi noi {Hinh 3) Sir chenh lech nhiet do
giira tang trung hda nhiet vi nhiet do khdng khi trong vimg li tien de de ip dung edng nghe bom nhiet dat
Ning lugng tiem ning danh gii dugc tir ket qui do do dan nhiet eiia dit da trim tich De Tir
- Neogen, nude ngim trong ting trung hda nhiet cd gia trj trung binh A, = 1,8 -2,3 W/m.K, nhiet lugng 1 m khoan siu li 55 - 70 W, cho mot lo ichoan siu 60rn se ed khi ning cip 3.300 - 4.200
W Vdi tiem ning nhiet va dieu kien dja chit trong viing rit thuin lgi cho viec trien khai ip
dung edng nghe bom nhiet dit phuc "voi dilu hda khdng khi tiet kiem ning lugng thay eho he thdng dieu hda khdng khi hien nay tieu tin ning lugng va ban che tie ddng xiu den mdi trudng xung quanh
Hinh 2 Dj thuang ddng nhiet tren lanh thd Viet Nam Chii gidi: 1 - Vj tri Id khoan do ddng nhiet; 2 Gid trj ddng nhiet, mW/m ; 3 -Viing nghiin cim ddng nhiet trung Sdng Hdng
Trang 5HOI nghi Khoa hgc ki' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi 10 2010
T<c 26
Hinh 3 Phdn bd nhiet do
tdng trung hda nhiet a viing
ddng bdng Sdng Hdng
Chu gidi: A) Viing nhiet do
thay ddi theo miia; B) Viing
nhiet do dn djnh (tdng trung
hda nhiet); T8 — Thai gian
quan trdc (thdng trong ndm)
So sinh ket qui tinh toin hieu qui ip dung cdng nghe bom nhiet dit (GSHP) de lim lanh theo cic tham sd nhiet dit vi dieu kien d Hi Ndi vdi dieu hda khdng khi truyen thdng (RAC) cho thiy cie uu viet: He sd boat ddng (COP) eua he thing GSHP dat gia trj 4,97 so vdi 3,09 ciia he thdng RAC Nhd dd cdng suit lim lanh tang 61%
vi giim dien ning tieu thu tdi 37,9% [6]
Nhu ciu dieu hda khdng khi d nude ta rit ldn khdng ehi trong sinh boat mi trong sin xuit Cic ket qua nghien cim tren diy cho thiy, d dieu kien dja chit d viing ddng bang Sdng Hdng ciing tdn tai mdt ngudn dja nhiet -nhiet dat cd the khai thie bing edng nghe bom dja nhiet de dieu hda khdng khi d Viet Nam cd y nghia kinh te xa hdi
vi mdi trudng thiet thue
Ket luan
1 Ngiy nay, sii dung cic turbin hai chu ky chi ein nhiet do thip (100°C) eho khi nang khai thie ning lugng dja nhiet tren pham vi rdng d hiu het eic viing linh thd Ngudn nhiet dit de ding khai thie bing edng nghe bom dja nhiet phuc vu cho nhu ciu dieu hda khdng khi tiet kiem ning lugng li mdt ITnh 'vuc img dung dja nhiet mdi
di duge phd bien d nhieu nude Dja nhiet ed tiem ning vi trien vgng rit ldn cho phat trien ning lugng saeh tii tao tren the gidi
2 Tren linh thd Viet Nam cd tiem ning eho nghien ciru trien khai dien dja nhiet (J viing ddng bang Sdng Hdng ed tiem ning Idn va dieu kien thuin lgi de ip dung edng nghe bom ngudn dja nhiet phuc vu nhu eiu dieu hda khdng khi cho phep tiet kiem tdi 37% nang lugng tieu thu so vdi he thdng dieu hda khdng khi hien nay Cic dii lieu cho thiy Viet Nam cd nhirng tien de ve tiem ning khai thie sir dung dia nhiet cho phit trien ngudn ning lugng sach tii tao cin dugc diu tu nghien cim
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Danh ba cic ngudn nude khoing va nude ndng Viet nam 1998, Cue Dja chit vi Khoing sin Viet nam Hi Ndi, 300tr
2 Chandrasekharam D., Bundsehuh J Low Enthalpy Geothermal Resources for Power Generation Taylor & Francis Group, London UK, 2008, 172pp
3 Muraoka et al Development of a small and low temperature geotherm power generation system and its marketability in Asia Proc of 8'^ geotherm Symp Hanoi Dec.9-10, 2008
4 Wei Yang et al Current status of Ground -source heat pumps in China J Energy Policy 38 (2010), 323-332
5 Hoing Hiju Quy, 1998 Overview of the geothermal Potential of Vietnam Geothermics, Vol 27, No 1, 109-115
6 Doan vin Tuyen, 2009 Nghien ciiu danh gii tiem ning vi dk xuit cic giai phip khai
thac sir dung ning lugng dja nhiet d Ha Ndi Bio eao ting kit dl tai khoa hgc Cdng nghe Sd Khoa bge va Cdng nghe Hi Ndi, 121tr
Trang 6Tieu ban: Cdc Khoa hoc vi Trdi ddt ISBN:
T H U A N T R O N G BOI C A N H BIEN DOI KHI H A U
• •
SOLUTIONS FOR MANAGING OF COASTAL AQUIFERS IN BINH
THUAN PROVINCE IN CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Phan Thi Kim Van', Nguyen Thi Kim Thoa', Giuseppe Arduino ,
Paolo B o n o \ Nguyen Van Giang", Biii Tran Vu•g^lg^ Peter Dillon'',
Tran Viet Hoan^ Nguyin Thi Nhan^
^'' Vien Dja Chit, Ngd 84, p h i Chiia Ling, Ddng Da H i Ndi, E-mail:
ptkvan2Q09@mnail.eom, '2' Vien Vit Ly Dja Ciu, *^' Hydrological/Geologieal Unit UNESCO Office,
Jakarta, Indonesia '"^'Tlng hgp "La Sapienza" Rome Italy, '"'Trung tim Dieu tra v i Quy
hoach TNN, *^' CSIRO Land & Water, SA, Australia, '^' Vien Dja Chit v i Dja vit ly Biin
Tom tat:
Bdi bdo trinh bdy kit qua nhdn dugc tir cdc nghien cuu cua hai de tdi "Bd
sung nhdn tgo nuac dudi ddt a tinh Binh Thudn (2004-2007), Thich nghi vai bien
doi khi hdu: Qudn ly cdc Idng chira nude ven bien mien Trung Viet Nam
(2008-2010)
Muc tieu cua cdc de tdi ndy la: a) Xdy dung mdt du dn thi diem vimg ddi cdt
tinh Binh Thudn nhu la thu nghiem cdng nghe bd sung nhdn tgo nuac dirai ddt a
Ddng Nam A, b) Ddnh gid cdc gidi phdp vd hiiu qud qudn ly mrac dudi ddt thdng
qua cdc cdng nghe bd sung nhdn tgo nuac dirai ddt, c)Chuyen giao kiin thirc vd
kinh nghiem tdng cirang ngudn nude bdng cdng nghe bd sung nhdn tgo, d) Cung
cdp nude sgch cho cdng ddng viing bj hem Idu ddi, e)Lira chgn cdc giai phdp quan
ly tdng chira nuac de cung cdp nuac sgch vimg ven bien trong bdi canh bien ddi
khi hdu
Vung nghien ciru la mdt trong nhirng vimg khd hgn nhdt ciia Viet Nam, thudc
khu vuc ven bien cua tinh Binh Thudn, cdch thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh 200 km ve
phia Ddng Bdc
Abstract
This paper presents the results obtained from two the projects: "Groundwater
Artificial Recharge in Binh Thuan Province, Viet Nam" (2004-2007) and
"Adapting to Climate change: Managed Aquifer recharge at coastal zone in
Central Part of Vietnam " (2008-2010)
The objectives of these projects are: a) lo build up an experimental pilot
project in the sand dune area of Binh Thuan Province, as an example of artificial
recharge in Southeast Asia, b) to assess methodologies and effectiveness of
groundwater management through groundwater recharge technologies, c) to
transfer knowledge and experience of augmenting groundwater resources by
artificial recharge lo scientists, d) to supply good quality water to the
communities periodically affected by longstanding droughts, e) to chose solutions
of Management of Aquifer Recharge for Mater's supply in context of climate
change in Vietnam
The study area is one of the driest part of Vietnam, located in the Binh Thuan
Province along the coastal plain in the lower part of Central Eastern Viet Nam
Trang 7Hgi nghi Khoa hgc kv niem 35 ndm Vien KIwa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Ngi JO 20JO
GIOI THIEU Bii bio trinh biy kit qui nhin duge tir eic nghien cim cua hai de tii "Bd sung nhin tao nude dudi dit d tinh Binh Thuan (2004-2007), Thich nghi vdi biin ddi khi hiu: Quin ly eic ting chira nude ven biin miln Trung Viet Nam (2008-2010)
Mue tieu ciia eic de in niy li: Xiy dung mdt de in thi diem ve Bd sung nhan tao nude dudi dit ciia khu vuc Ddng Nam A o viing cit Binh Thuan, b) Dinh gii he phuong phap va bieu qui ciia quan ly ngudn nude thdng qua cie cdng nghe bd sung nude dudi dit, c) Chuyen giao cie kien thirc vi kinh nghiem cho cic nha khoa hgc Viet Nam ve ting cudng nguon nude dudi dit bing bd sung nhan tao, d) Cung cap nude chit lugng tdt cho cdng ddng din cu d nhirng viing hay bj ban hin, e) Lira chgn eic giii phip quin ly bd sung tang chira vdi muc tieu cung cap nude trong bdi cinh cua bien ddi khi hiu d Viet Nam
f>./T" ' •'( '"''
Hinh 1 Vi tri khu virc nghiin ciru
Viing nghien cim li khu vue ven bien cua tinh Binh Thuin (hinh 1) vi diy li mdt trong khu vuc khd nhit eua Viet Nam Theo sd lieu mua thu thip tai tram Phan Thiet trong thdi ky 1925-2007, lugng mua trung binh hing nim li 1,112 mm/nam, vdi cue tieu la 650
mm (1977) vi cue dai la 2,017 mm (1932) Do lugng mua it keo dai trong thdi gian 4 thing (tir thing 12 den thing 3) nen khu vuc nghien ciru bj khd ban trong sudt thdi gian nay Trong khi dd miia mua ngin, nhung lugng mua ldn nen cd den 70-80% chiy tren be mat Chi mot lugng nhd dugc thim xudng cie cdn cit Chi cd nhirng sdng ldn mdi cd nude trong miia khd nhung nhin chung nude rit due vi bj nhiem man
DAC DIEM THUY VAN VA DIA C H A T THUY VAN Viing nghien ciru duge hinh thinh bdi cic di goe ryo-dacitic tao thinh cie ddi nim cich biet (eao den 300 m so vdi mue nude bien), phii len tren cie di gdc niy li cic trim tich
Pleistocene trung {vQ\^) bao gdm eit thach anh miu niu dd kich thude trung binh.tao thanh
cae dun cit eao den 200 m so vdi mue nude bien; Cie trim tich bien Pleistocene trung he tang
Ma Lim (mQf/»/) bao gdm eat thach anh ilmenite Cac trim tieh biin Pleistocene trung he
tang Phan Thiet (rriQ i pt) bao gdm cit thach anh miu ving dd chira biin vi set d cac mirc do
khie nhau; Cic trim tich Pleistocene thugng (vQ,^), la cie cit thach anh ma ving dd, kich thudc hat trung binh; Cie trim tich Holocene dudi (vQ2'"^) li cit thach anh hat nhd miu tring
Trang 8Tieu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc ve Trdi ddt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8
din ving nhat Cae trim tieh niy tao thinh eic dun eit miu dd vi tring (cao den 200 m so vdi muc nude bien) khi phd bien trong vimg ven bien khu vue phia Bie Phan Thiet (hinh2va3)
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Hinh 2 Sa dd dja tdng vd thgch hgc khu vuc Hinh 3 Sa dd dja chdt thuy vdn khu virc nghien cuu
nghien ciru
Do lugng mua phin bd khdng deu, miia khd keo dii 4 thing (chi cd 23
mm tir thing 12 den thing 3 nim sau (hinh 4)), nen viing nghien cim bj han hin trong sudt miia khd Ting chira nude trong khu vue nhien cim li ting chira nude Id hdng, khdng ip, cd chieu diy thay ddi tir 40 den 60 m Id ra tren mat tai nhiing vimg ed dja hinh triing (ed chieu cao khoing tir 20 den 30 m so vdi muc nude bien) vi tao thinh eic dim liy, ho
ao nhu triing Tazdn, hd Biu Trang, Biu Ndi Ting chiia nude niy duge khai thie bing eic gieng bom true tiep hoac cic gieng dio sau tir 5 den 8 m
0 Jan I Feb 0 Mar Q Apr | May 0 Jun | Jul D Aug | Sep | Oct 0 Nov 0 Dec
Hinh 4 Lirgng mua tnmg binh nam a trgm Phan Thiet
(1990-2009)
Ket qui mudi ehuyen khio sit dja chit thiiy vin da duge thue hien trong khoing thdi gian tir 2004 den 2009 di ehi ra ring eic tham sd hda ly eua nude mit va nude dudi dit trong khu vuc nghien cim ed do pH nim trong khoing tir 4.8 - 8.5; nhiet do tir 26 °C din 34°C; do dan dien dao dgng trong khoing tir 50 ^iS/em dlnl,500 fiS/cm; Ting do khoing hda khoing tir 30 mg/l den 800 mg/l Cie ket qui phin tieh hda toin phin vi ddng vj ben eic mau nude mat vi nude ngirn trong khu vuc nghien ciru trong cic thdi ky tir 2004 din 2009 da chi ra ring nude dudi dit trong eic ting chira ciia khu vue dii eit ven bien Binh Thuin li cie loai nude khie nhau, die trung bdi qui trinh pha trdng phire tap (Hinh 5)
Trang 9Hgi nghi Khoa hoc k\' niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10 2010
, Groundwater in dr\' season
• Gioundwala in rainv xzson
eo
Hinh 5 Biiu do Piper ciia cdc mdu nuac dudi ddt chirng td rdng thdnh phdn hda hgc ciia nuac dual ddt chii yiu Id Natri Clorua vd hdn hgp nude nggt vai nuac biin (a) khdng cd su phdn biit rd rdng vi thdnh phdn hda hgc ciia nuac dirai ddt trong miia khd vd mua mua (b)
Cae ket qui phin tieh ddng vj ben Tritium cic mau nude ngim vi nude Biu Ndi chi
ra ring tudi eiia nude dudi dit trong khoing tir 20 den 40 nam Cie ket qua phin tieh ddng vj ben (0-18; H-2) chi ra ring nude dudi dit trong khu vuc nghien cim cd ngudn gdc tir nude mua trong viing (binh 6)
Dua vio cic ket qua phin tich sd lieu khi tugng, lugng mua cd the dugc sir dung de bd sung cho ngudn nude dudi dit trong khu vuc khoing 1.5x10 m /km /nim (theo ket qui quan trie khi tugng thiiy vin trong thdi gian 5 nim tai khu vuc Biu Ndi vi Hdng Phong) Ty le ngam khoing 50% lugng mua ci nim
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y = 5 4 x - 118
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Hinh 6 Cdc ddu hiiu 0-18 vd H-2 ciia nuac mua, nuac mat vd nuac dudn ddt trong khu vuc
nghiin cim
Trang 10Tieu ban: Cdc Khoa hgc ve Trdi đt ISBN: 978-604-913-016-8
CHIEU DAY TANG CHITA Nl/OC
Mudi tuyen do siu Dien vdi he dien cue Schlumberger, khoing eich cue dai li 1000m
cho phep xie djnh do siu cua ting chira nim yong khoing tir 45 den 105 m
Bin tuyin khio sit dja chin khiic xa vdi tdng chieu dii 8000 m ciing duge trien khai
vdi muc dich xic djnh chieu sau ldp di gdc hue hien Cic ket qui phin tieh di ehi ra sir tdn
tai cua di glc ryo-daxit d do siu tir 60 den 140 m ben dudi be mat
Mat cat dia chan tuyen T4 - Bac BinK j
Hinh 7 Mat cdt dja chdn khue xg thi hiin rd bi mat đ gdc trong khu vuc nghiin cim
Cie ket qui nghien cim ting chira nude trong khu vue mdt lin niia duge khing djnh
thdng qua cic ket qui khoan (hinh 8) vi chi ra tang chira nude ehinh trong khu vue dun eit
ven bien Binh Thuin li ting ehiia nude khdng ip ed chieu diy tir 30 den 70 m Muc nude tinh
dao dgng trong khoing tir 0.6 den 26 m ben dudi be mat
3 9 ^ At>s<>lllle ctếotion at [jlotan] stliLlcc
ICS-AN , 23.7
Baseline of bed-rock
Hinh 8 Mat cdt khu vuc bdi giing khoan Bau Ndi