Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe mo CAC YEU TO DjA KY THUAT ANH HUIDNG TOfl VIEC LUA CHON HE THONG KHAI THAC CAC MO THAN LO THIEN VUNG QUANG NINH Most of the open pit coal mines in Quang Ninh area have be[.]
Trang 1CAC YEU TO DjA KY THUAT ANH HUIDNG TOfl VIEC LUA CHON
HE THONG KHAI THAC CAC MO THAN LO THIEN VUNG QUANG NINH
Most of the open pit coal mines in Quang Ninh area have
been operating under complicated natural conditions with
many faults, fractured zones and easily weathered rocks
For increasing open pit coal mining efficiency It Is
necessary to evaluate the effects of the geoteehnical
factors and consider them as a basis for selecting a
mining system suitable to the selected mining equipment
ThS DO NGOC TLfdC
KS Dl/ONG TRUNG TAM
KS TA MINH DLfC KS.LE BAPHL/C
Vien Khoa hgc Cong nghe Mo - TKV
I Oat van de
He thd'ng khai thac (HTKT)
md Id thien la trinh tU hoan
thanh cdng tae md Id thien gidi
ban trong mdt khai trUdng
hoae mpt khu vUe cua khai
trudng He thdng dd can phai
dam bao eho md Id thien hoat
ddng dugc an toan, kinh te,
dam bao san lUdng theo yeu
cau, thu hdi td'i da trCf lupng
trong Idng da't, bao ve an toan
cho Idng dat va mdi trUdng
xung quanh
Tuy theo ca'u true via, trinh
tu phat trien eua cdng trinh
md, vj tri eua bai thai va
phUdng thCfe van tai ma md ed
cae HTKT khae nhau: khai
thac cd (khdng) xudng sau
Dpc (ngang) mdt (hai) bd edng
tac; do thai ngoai (trong)
Cae thdng sd ed ban cua
HTKT bao gdm: Chieu eao
tang khai thae, ehieu rdng mat
tang edng tae, chieu dai
tuyen cdng tac, chieu dai
ludng xCie, ehieu rdng dai
kha'u, chieu rdng dai van
chuyen, dai bao ve, gde
nghieng cCia sudn tang va bd
md Cac thdng sd cua HTKT
phu thudc vao dieu kien dja
chat, loai thie't bj sCf dung, cdng
sua't md yeu cau
Tai eae md than Id thien vung Quang Ninh, trong mdt khau edng nghe vdi eung mdt
he thdng va cac thdng sd khai thae ed nhieu loai thiet bj vdi edng sua't khae nhau cung hoat ddng nen chua phat huy het kha nang lam viec Trong bai bao nay, eae tae gia se danh gia anh hudng cua dieu kien dja
- ky thuat tdi he thdng va cae thdng sd eua he thdng khai thae Dd la ed sd de lUa chpn HTKT, cac thdng sd cua HTKT
va thiet bj lam viec phu hdp
II Anh hirdng cua cac yeu to tir nhien den he thong khai thac
1 Anh hwang cua yeu to the nam cua via than den he thong khai thac
Khoang sang than Viet Nam ndi chung va khu vUc Quang Ninh ndi rieng deu cd dae diem phan bd "tren sudn nui - dUdi moong sau" Truf lupng than tap
trung chu yeu b phan sau, dat
bde tap trung d cac tang phfa tren Can eCf vao gde dde cua via ed the phan chia thanh 3 nhdm sau:
Nhdm 1: Cae via than ed
gde dde tCf 20-^40° (dang ddn
ta, via ddc nghieng) dien hinh eho dang phan bd nay la cac tap via 6 Deo Nai, Canh Nam via 13, 14 XN than 917 Cac via thude khoang sang Khanh Hoa, via 7, 8 Ha Tu
Nhdm 2: Cac via than ed dang dpng tu hoan ehinh (ca'u tao Idng chao), dien hinh cho dang eau tao nay la cac via 16 via tru Ha Tu, via 14 Nui Beo Nhdm 3: Cae via than cd dang ddng tu khdng hoan chinh (nep Idi, nep Idm) dac trung la via G.ll Cpc Sau (khu Ta Ngan), tap via 13, 14 Cao Sdn, tap via Khe Cham II Dac tfnh ndi bat cua dang phan bd nay
la theo hudng dde, gde dde eua via lien tue thay ddi
Viee lua chpn HTKT dupc
quyet dinh bdi gdc cam eua via
va hudng phat trien theo phUdng via Can eCf vao gdc cam cua via cd the lUa chpn 2 dang HTKT dien hinh ap dung cho cae nhdm md: HTKT xudng sau dpc 1 bd cdng tac; HTKT xudng sau dpc 2 bd edng tac
2 Anh hudng cua dieu kien thuy van den he thong khai thac
Dac diem dieu kien thu^
van vung Quang Ninh la mUa
KHCNM s o 5/2010* CNKT L O T H I 6 N
Trang 2mua nhiet ddi: mua mUa bat
dau tCf thang 4 den thang 10;
mua khd tU thang 11 den
thang 3 Mua mua day md Id
thien vung Quang Ninh deu
ngap nude
Anh hudng eua nUde mat,
nudc ngam gay ngap lut day
md trong mdt thdi gian khdng
nhung lam giam tde dp dao
sau, san lUdng khai thac hang
nam ma edn gay lang dpng
bun da't d day md Iam giam
hieu qua vet bun, gay lay ldi
day md dan den giam nang
sua't cua thiet bi xuc bde va
van tai Nude ngam, dac biet la
nude cd ap dupc duy tri va bao
tdn cao trong qua trinh dao sau
c6 anh hudng dac biet den
chieu eao dn dinh eua bd md,
giam cac thdng sd hinh hpe
cua HTKT nhU gde dde sUdn
tang, chieu eao tang, ehieu
rdng mat tang gay khd khan
cho qua trinh hoat ddng cua
thiet bj va dan den giam hieu
qua khai thae Tuy thude vao
ki'ch thudc day md, yeu cau
khd'i lupng md cd the sCf dung
HTKT vdi day md hai cap va
nhieu cap
* HTKT sir dung day mo 2
cap
Trong dieu kien cCia Viet
Nam day tha'p chi boat ddng
vao mua khd, mua mUa trd
thanh hd chufa nUdc, cdn day
eao thi boat ddng quanh nam
Vi vay quan he ve chieu dai
giu'a hai day sao eho bao dam
su nhjp nhang eCia cdng trinh
md tren 2 day trong ea nam
(hinh 1)
TCf tren eho tha'y lupng mUa
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
ed anh hudng dac biet den kfeh thudc va cac thdng sd eua day md hai cap, cung nhu td'c dp va san lUpng khai thac cua md
* HTKT sir dung day mo nhieu cap
Vdi chieu dai day md Idn phu hpp nhat la chia day thanh nhieu cap khai thae
Cap tha'p nha't la ndi ehCfa bun nudc cudi cung trude mua dao sau Cae cap khac khai thac phu hpp vdi trinh tu phat trien cdng trinh md Sd dd nguyen
ly the hien day md nhieu cap dupe gidi thieu tren hinh 2
III Anh hiTdng cua dieu kien dja ky thuat tdi cac thong so cija he thong khai thac
1) Anh hwong cua tinh chat CO ly cua dat da den chieu cao tang
a) Chieu cao tang trong dat
da nguyen khoi
Tfnh chat ed ly eua da't da
la mdt yeu td quan trpng anh hudng tdi hieu qua san xua't eCia md Id thien Su anh hudng nay phan anh true tiep qua cae thdng sd HTKT Cae thdng sd HTKT chju sU anh hudng tfnh chat ed ly cua dat da gdm: Chieu eao tang khai thac; gdc nghieng sUdn tang; gdc nghieng bd edng tac; goc nghieng bd dCfng
Theo Vien Dja ed hpc va Trac dja Md Cdng hoa Lien bang Nga (BNIMI) chieu cao gidi ban eua tang trong dat da nguyen khd'i khi tao gdc ddc sudn tang bang gdc ddc cua Idp (a = P) khi p > p' dupe xae dinh theo edng thCfc:
/ / , „ , =
-1
il-^tgatg/3)
C'.cosp'
/.cosfi.s'mifi-p')
(m) (1)
Hinhl Sa do nguyen ly cua day mo 2 cap
Hinh 2 Sa do nguyen ly eua day mo nhieu cap
Trang 3Trong dd: C - LUc dinh ket
cua mat yeu trong khdi da
(tan/m^); p'- Gde npi ma sat
eCia mat yeu trong khdi da
(dp); a- Gde nghieng sUdn
tang (dp); p- Gdc dde cua Idp
da (dp); y- Khdi lUdng rieng
cua da't da (tan/m^)
Theo dd, yeu td ed ly eua
dat da ed anh hudng cd ban
den chieu eao tang gidi han
gdm: Dp ben khang cat cua da't
da (the hien qua hai thdng sd
lUc dinh ket C va gde ndi ma
sat p', khdi lupng rieng cua da't
day
Bieu do hinh 3 the hien ket
qua tinh toan xac dinh chieu
eao gidi ban khi eat tang theo mat Idp vdi cae gia trj khae nhau eua p' (p' = 10^20°) khi
C = 5 ta'n/m^ a = p = 40°, y =
2,5 t a n / m l - '
Qua bieu do hinh 3, ta thay
rang ehieu eao tang ed quan
he ty le thuan vdi gde npi ma sat va lue dinh ket eua da't da;
trong dieu kien cu the gde ndi
ma sat va lUc dfnh ket eua da't
da eang Idn thi ehieu eao tang Idn nha't dam bao an toan eang Idn va ngUdc lai
Theo yeu td tU nhien, gdc nghieng bd edng tae va bd ket thCie phu thudc vao tinh chat cd
ly cCia da't da theo quan he
ddng bien Khi dp ben tang thi
gdc ddc bd cdng tae, bd ke't thCic tang va ngUdc lai Ngoai
ra, theo yeu td t u nhien thi gdc ddc bd cdng tac va gde ddc bd ke't thue cdn phu thupe vao edng nghe va ehieu sau khai thac
b) Chieu cao tang trong dat
da no min: Trong dieu kien da't
da nd min, ehieu cao cua tang dUde xae dinh nhu sau:
K,.jj'.(\+rj").sm{a-fi) (2)
Trong dd: a = 0,8.(R,+Rd): Chieu rpng ddng da sau khi
nd min (m); Rx, Ra' Ban kfnh
xCic va dd eua may xCic (m);
K • He sd nd rdi eCia dat da nd
Hinh 3 Quan he giiia ehieu eao tang va
goc npi ma sat eua dat da
Hinh 4 Bleu do quan he phu thugc cua ehieu cao tang vao luc dinh ket eua dat da
Hinh 5 Do thf mdi quan he giiJta ehieu cao
tang vdi kha nang xuc cua may xuc
Hinh 6 Quan he phu thugc cua chieu cao tang
vao chieu rpng ddng da no min
KHCNM SO 5/2010* CNKT LO JtUpN
Trang 4Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
^ 7 5
-m 70 •
6 5
60
10 16
- ;
20
•
25 30
T(m)
Hinh 7.Bieu do quan he giQa chieu rpng dai van
tai va ehieu rpng mat tang cong tae
<
30
25
-20 1
15
5
7 ^
10
M^ Z ^
• ^
15
^
[-•—A= 1,5.Rxt
j - » - A = 1,7.Rxt
_
20 Rxt(m)
h 0,55^0,70 h_
W 0,75^0,85 vdi W la
dudng khang ehan tang (m); b
la khoang each giu'a cae hang
Id khoan, m; a la khoang each
giu'a cac Id khoan (m); a, p:
Gde nghieng sudn tang va
sudn ddng da nd min (dp)
2) Anh huong kha nang
lam viec cua cac thiei bj den
cac thong so HTKT
a) Chieu rpng mat tang
cong tac
Chieu rpng mat tang edng
tac la mdt thanh phan quan
trpng eua he thd'ng khai thae
Chieu rpng mat tang edng tac
phai du de chufa ddng da nd
min, dai da't de bd tri dUdng
van tai, dudng day cap dien
ddng lUc thap sang va cac
khoang each an toan Chieu
rdng mat tang cdng tae ehiu
anh hudng eua eae yeu td ky
thuat nhu: ehieu eao tang,
thie't bj tham gia edng tac,
thdng sd mang khoan nd min,
dang dai kha'u va dieu kien ve
an toan(hinh 7)
b) Chieu rpng dai khau
Chieu rpng dai kha'u hay
chieu rdng bide nd min phu
Hinh 8 Bieu do si/phu thugc cua chieu rpng dai khau vao ban kfnh may xuc
thude chu yeu vao thdng sd va kieh thudc khai trUdng va bj lam viee eCia thiet bj xuc bdc,
hinh thCfc van ehuyen sCf dung
va phUdng phap khai thae
Chieu rpng cua dai kha'u phu thude vao ban kfnh xCie va
dugc the hien tren hinh 8
Khi tien hanh xuc bang nhieu ludng xuc thi chieu rdng eua dai kha'u dam bao khi nd min ehieu rdng eua ddng da
no bang n (n la sd nguyen) lan ehieu rdng ludng xCie (hinh 9)
Mat khae, khi xac djnh chieu rdng dai kha'u eung can quan tam den sd lupng hang min khi nd, kfeh thude dudng khang chan tang va khoang each giCfa eae hang min
c) Chieu dai tuyen cong tac
Trong mdt md nha't djnh, hudng phat trien eua edng
trinh md khdng the chpn tuy y
Tuy theo vj trf, ca'u tao, hudng djch ehuyen eua khdi lupng
md, phUdng phap chat hang,
sd lupng Id'i ra cCia phUdng tien van tai md va theo dae tfnh chuyen ddng cua phUdng tien van tai ma tuyen edng tac
dugc phan biet nhUsau:
Chieu dai cua tuyen edng tae phu thudc vao hinh dang
anh hUdng bdi cac yeu td ky thuat nhu san lupng md, chieu dai ludng xuc, nang sua't may xuc, dieu kien boat dpng eua cac thiet bj van ehuyen
Chieu dai eCia tuyen cdng
tac nhd nha't dugc coi la hdp ly
trong nhDng dieu kien tu nhien,
ky thuat eu the khi nd dam bao san lupng eho ke hoach eua
md, td'c dp phat trien binh thudng cua tuyen cdng tac va ehi phf cho xCic bdc va van ehuyen la nhd nha't Khi van chuyen bang dtd, chieu dai tuyen edng tae hdp ly theo dieu kien kinh te ky thuat dupc trinh bay tren bang 1
Bang 1: Chieu dai tuyen eong tae hgp ly vdi chieu sau mo
TT
1
2
3
Chieu sau
mo, m 50H-150 150^250 250+350
Chieu dai tuyen cong tac, m 800+1500 1100+1800 1300+3000
Khi van chuyen bang dtd ehieu dai tuyen cdng tac khdng nen vUpt qua 3+5 lan chieu dai ludng xCie Khi giam cUdng dp khai thac khoang
Trang 5Hinh 9 Bieu đ quan he giita ehieu rpng
dong da no min va chieu rpng dai khau
sang, khdng du sd lupng thiet
bj hoae sCf dung nd khdng
hieu qua, giam ehieu cao tang
so vdi trj sd dam bao bd tri
hpp ly cae may xuc thi xay ra
trudng hop L, > f.N^.L^ la anh
hudng cua nang suát may xuc
dén ehieu dai tuyen cdng tac
dupc the hien thdng qua s d
lupng may xuc can thiét dam
bao hoan thanh khdi lUdng
bdc da hoae khai thae hang
nam Q^ = L,.Vt.h Khi nang
suát ea trung binh cDa may
xuc Qc (mVca) va sd ca lam
viec trong nam N^n thi sd
lupng may can thiet la:
Chieu dai bide xuc phu thupe vao nang suát lam viee eua may xCie, hinh thCfc van ehuyen sCf dung tren tang
Chieu dai hdp ly cCia bide xCie phai dam bao khdi lupng dát da nd min eho may xCie lam viec trong thdi ban quy dinh va d u trCf can thiet:
Ạh ' (m) (4)
Ậ = f.L^.h.V,
d) Chieu dai bloc xuc
(may) (3)
Trong đ: Q^ng- Nang suat ngay eua may xCic, m^/ngay, Tng- Sd ngay may xuc xuc het đng da nd min, T^g = 12+15 ngay, f- He sd dU truT nang suát may xuc, f = 1,2; A-Chieu rpng dai kháu khi no min (m)(hinh 10)
e) Gdc nghieng b&cong tac
Gdc nghieng bd cdng tae
ed y nghTa quan trpng đi vdi qua trinh khai thae md Viec thay đi gdc nghieng bd edng tae cd anh hudng true tiep tdi
ke hoach bde dát trong qua trinh khai thac md Khi tang gdc nghieng bd edng tae thi
mdt phan khdi lUdng dat da bdc
dugc day ve giai doan san xuát
sau, dieu nay mang lai hieu qua kinh te khdng nhd do giam
dugc ehi phf dau t u ban dau, ap dung dugc tien bd khoa hpc
cdng nghe va kha nang dieu hanh trong san xuát
Gdc nghieng bd cdng tae trudng hpp tdng quat dupc xac dinh theo bieu thCfc sau:
"^B +nịhctga
(p = arcctg
n,.h
(do)
(5) Neu ehieu rdng cae tang edng tae bang nhau va bang B^inthi:
(p =
arcctg-+ "ih^lK^idg)
W^-8™n+(«, -W^-lfe
n,.h
(6) Trong đ: n, - Sd tang ed tren bd md; B; - Chieu rdng cua mat tang thCf (i) tinh tU dudi len (m); m^ - Sd tang dang boat đng; B^in- Chieu rdng mat tang cdng tac tdi thieu (m); B^- Chieu rdng mat tang tam dCfng (m)
35
25
.S 20
15
10
Chi^u rpng mSt t i n g cong tac Bmin (m)
70
§ 22
B 18 :§
g 16
;^
Dl 1 4 •
c
§
12-10
15 20
C h i l u cao t i n g H (m)
25
Hinh 10 Anh hudng cua chieu rpng mat tang
cong tae tdi gdc nghieng bd cong tac
Hinh 11 Bleu doanh hudng cua ehieu cao tang
tdi gde nghieng bd cong tac
KHCNM SO 5/2010* CNKT LO THifiN
Trang 6Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghe m o
Qua edng thCfc tren ed the
thay rang gde nghieng bd
cdng tac chju anh hudng cd
ban cCia hai yeu td: Chieu
rpng mat tang edng tae va
chieu cao tang (hinh 10,11)
Ngoai ra, phUdng phap tie'n
hanh khai thac eung la mdt
yeu td quyet djnh tdi gde
nghieng bd cdng tae
3)Anh huang cua phuang
phap khai thac den gdc
nghieng bdcong tac
PhUdng phap khai thae ed
anh hudng Idn nhat den gdc
nghieng bd cdng tac Khi ta't ea
cac tang tren bd edng tae deu
la tang cdng tac va sCf dung dai
kha'u thdng tang, thi ehieu rdng
cua bd la Idn nhat va gde
nghieng bd cdng tae la nhd
nha't, xac djnh theo bieu thCfc:
{n,-])B,,-\-n,hctgx ,
q\ ^arcctk' ' " ' ^ , ( d o )
«;./7
(7) LTu die'm eCia phUdng phap
nay la du truf san xua't Idn,
giao thdng van tai thdng
thoang Tuy nhien, phai bdc
trudc mdt khd'i lUdng dat da
khdng can thiet
- Khi sCf dung dai kha'u cut,
thi chieu rdng mat tang cdng
tac thu hep hdn so vdi khi
kha'u thdng tang Trong trUdng
hdp nay gdc nghieng bd cdng
tac dupc nang Ien dang ke so
vdi khi kha'u thdng tang va
dupe xac djnh:
in,-l)B,,, + n,.h.ctga ^
ni.h
(8)
<P2 = arcctg
m
Trong dd: n, - Sd tang tren
bd md; B,„ B^^t- Chieu rdng
mat tang cdng tae khi sCf dung dai kha'u thdng tang va giai kha'u cut (m); h - Chieu cao tang (m); a - Gdc nghieng sudn tang (dp)
Hien nay hau bet cac md Id thien Idn d nUdc ta va tren the gidi deu ap dung cdng nghe khai thac vdi gdc dde bd cdng tae Idn sCf dung he thdng khai thae dpc, bd md chia thanh nhieu nhdm tang, trong nhdm tien hanh kha'u dudi hoac kha'u lan lupt tutren xud'ng dudi
Vdi Sd do he thdng khai
thae dpc, bd md chia thanh nhieu nhdm tang, sCf dung hinh thCfe kha'u dudi sCf dung dai kha'u thdng tang gdc nghieng bd cdng tae trong trudng hpp nay la:
ip^, = arcctg ( k.B^,+in,-\-k).B^,
n,.h n^hctga
Wj/j
) ( d p ) (9)
Trong dd: k - Sd nhdm tang tren bd md; B<.t - Chieu rdng mat tang edng tae (m); B^t:
Chieu rdng dai van tai (m); h -Chieu eao tang (m); a - Gde nghieng bd edng tac; n, - Sd tang tren bd md
Khi sCr dung HTKT dpc, bd
md chia thanh nhieu nhdm tang, tien hanh khau lan lUpt tCf tren xudng dUdi, sCf dung dai kha'u cut thi gdc nghieng
bd cdng tae trong trudng hpp
nay dugc tinh theo edng
thCfc:
k.B,+in,-\-k).B,, (p^, = arcctg^—
n2hctga
^ 2 ^
n,.h
) ( d d ) ( 1 0 )
Trong dd : Btv - Chieu rdng
dai bao ve (m)
IV Ket luan
Cac yeu td tu nhien bao gdm khdng gian phan bd cua via than (hUdng dd'c, phUdng vj), khf hau (nude mat, nUde ngam) va tfnh chat ed ly (trong nguyen khd'i va theo tie'p xuc yeu) cd anh hudng quyet dinh de'n viee tfnh toan lUa chpn eae thdng sd eua HTKT
Gdc ddc eua via va khdng gian phan bd quyet dinh viec lUa chpn HTKT xudng sau dpc via hay ngang via vdi mdt hay nhieu
bd cdng tac Tuy thudc vao lUdng mUa va thdi gian mUa, dac tfnh chCfa nude, tang trCf va luu thdng nude eua da't da de xae dinh HTKT lien tuc xudng sau hay khai thac theo mua./
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Ho Sy Giao " Thiet ke
mo Id thien" - Nha xuat ban giao due (1999)
2 Tran Manh Xuan "Quy tnnh cong nghe va ca sa thiet
ke mo lp thien" - Ha Npi (1991)
3 Qua tnnh san xuat tren
mo tp thien V.V.Rzevski -Moskva - 1974
4 Khai thac mo lp thien
-V -V.Rzevski - Moskva -1985
5 Duang Trung Tam, bao cao tong ket de tai "Nghien ciru hoan thien cac thong so
he thong khai thac phu hgp vdi dong bp thiet bi co cong suat ldn cho cac mo 16 thien Viet Nam" - Vien Khoa hoc Cong nghe Mo - TKV nam
2009