/?• Nghidn ciJu & Trao ddi c a SO KHOA HOC VA THLFC TIEN CUA PHU''''aNG PHAP LUAN XAY DLTNG QUY HOACH CO SCy HA T A N G MOI TRU''''ONG U''''NG DUNG THLF NGHIEM CHO T H A N H P H 6 VINH, TINH NGHE AN TS Mai Tro[.]
Trang 1Nghidn ciJu & Trao ddi
c a SO KHOA HOC VA THLFC TIEN CUA PHU'aNG P H A P LUAN
XAY DLTNG QUY HOACH CO SCy HA T A N G MOI TRU'ONG U'NG DUNG THLF NGHIEM CHO T H A N H P H 6 VINH, TINH NGHE AN
TS Mai Trong Thong, ThS Hoang LIFU Thu Thuy
CN Pham Thj Ly, CN Vo Trong Hoang
Vien Dja Ly, Vien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Viet Nam
P hwang phap luan xay dt/ng quy hoach sa sa ha ting moi trwang, dtra tren ca sa phan tich thi/c
trang vS ca sa ha tang bao ve moi trwang va nhifng thach thwc cua chung trong cong tac quan ly chit thai, dw bao phat sinh theo cac muc tieu quy hoach phat triin kinh te - xa hoi
(KTXHj cua mot lanh thd Ddi vai cac khu vwc do thj la trung tam phat triin bao gdm ca cong nghiep, dich
vu, dan cw van hoa xa hoi thi vin de trong tam cua quy hoach ca sa ha ting moi trwang la quan ly chit thai
va giam thiiu 6 nhiim moi trwang sdng cong ddng Khi wng dung thw nghiem xay dwng quy hoach ca sa ha ting bao ve mdi trwang cho thanh phd Vinh vai sw tra giup cua cdng nghe GIS da nhan dwac ban dd quy hoach ca sa ha ting mdi trwang gdm hai lap thdng tin chinh: lap thdng tin quy hoach sw dung dit din 2020
va lap thdng tin ve cac giai phap ky thuat - mdi trwang quan ly va xw ly nwac thai (nwac mwa, nw&c thai sinh boat, nwac thai san xuit), he thdng thu gom rac thai, he thing de ngan man va he thing cac tram quan trie, giam sat mdi trwang Kit qua nghien cwu nay da dwac cac nha quan ly dia phwang danh gia cao va dwac
sw dung trong cdng tac quan ly va xay dwng ki hoach bao ve mdi trwang thanh phd Vinh giai doan 2006
-2015 va tim nhin din nam 2020
Ban do quy hoach co'saha tang moi trwo'ng thanh pho Vinh, tinh Nghe An nam 2006- 2015
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32 Tap chi Khi ttftfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009
Trang 2Nghien cufu & Trao ddi
1 Dat van de
Nhu da trinh bay trong mdt sd bai bao da dang
trude day [ 4,5,7,8 ] mdt trong nhO'ng mue tieu quan
trpng n h i t cua viee lap quy hoaeh mdi trudng la:
Nang cao hieu qua khai thac, SLP dung hgp ly tai
nguyen lanh tho va dieu ehinh cac hoat dgng phat
triin va quan ly c h i t thai nham dam bao mdi trudng
song trong sach cho con ngudi
Tren ca sd phan tich d u an Quy hoach phat triin
KTXH eua dja phuang hoae eua mdt vung, thue
hien viec danh gia dien b i i n mdi trudng va tCr dd xay
dung eae giai phap ky thuat mdi trudng nham dam
bao cho phuang an Quy hoaeh phat trien giam thiiu
tdi mCpc t i i da mCpc dp gay d nhiim mdi trudng Cae
ddi tugng quy hoach va eae v i n d i mdi trudng e i n
dugc xem xet bao g i m : ' '
- Dd thj: Xae djnh cac vung dd thj hoa, cac khu
dan eu tap trung va nhu'ng v i n d i mdi trudng trong
vung, vi du nhu: he thing c i p , thoat nude dd thj, ca
sd ha t i n g ky thuat, nude thai sinh hoat, rac thai
- Ndng nghiep: Xae djnh cae vung nong nghiep
va nhO'ng v i n d i mdi trudng lien quan d i n san x u i t
ndng nghiep nhu: thuoc trCp sau, phan bon hoa hpc;
- Cong nghiep: Xac djnh cac vung cdng nghiep
hoa, cac khu cdng nghiep (KCN), cum cdng nghiep
va nhu'ng nganh cdng nghiep cd nhiiu c h i t thai cd
kha nang gay d nhiem mdi trudng va nhO'ng v i n d i
mdi trudng cdng nghiep nhu: XLP ly c h i t thai cac loai
(khi, nude thai, c h i t thai ran);
- Giao thdng: Xay dung dudng giao thdng cua
cac khu dd thj, cac b i n cang, san bay, giao thdng
dudng bd va v i n d i mdi trudng lien quan d i n mdi
trudng sinh thai, da dang sinh hpc ,,:;s, s:,;; ,'
- Djch vu va du Ijch: Xac djnh cae khu vuc, dja
danh Ijch SLP, danh lam t h i n g canh, khu bao t i n bao
tang de phat trien du lich va cac djch vu kem theo va
nhu'ng v i n d i d nhiim mdi trudng du Ijeh (rac thai,
nude thai sinh hoat, d nhiem nguon nude, xdi Id, sat
16' );
Nhu vay, mdt trong nhCpng nhiem vu ehu y i u khi lap quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng la phai xay dung luan CCP va lap quy hoach ca s d ha tang mdi trudng theo cae muc tieu eua quy hoach phat trien va dap Cpng dugc kha nang eao n h i t cua viee quan ly c h i t thai va giam thieu tac ddng cua cac hoat ddng phat trien d i n mdi trudng
Theo djnh nghTa cua cac chuyen gia thudc Chuang trinh hgp tac Viet Nam -Thuy Oien v i tang cudng nang luc quan ly d i t dai va mdi tru'dng (SEMLA) thi: "Ca s d ha tang mdi trudng dugc xac djnh la mdt mang ludi tai nguyen cua mdt lanh tho
va cae ea s d vat c h i t ky thuat n i l liin nhau dam bao giai q u y i t cac san p h i m rac thai b i n vu'ng mdi trudng tCp cac nganh tieu thu va san xuat cua lanh tho dd" Ca s d vat chat ky thuat dugc chl rd la: He thong quan ly n g u i n nude, he thong quan ly nude thai, he t h i n g quan ly d i t dai, he thong quan ly rac thai, he thong quan ly rCrng, he t h i n g quan ly da dang sinh hpc, he thong quan ly n g u i n khoang san,
he t h i n g quan ly e h i t lugng khdng khi Theo SEMLA, quy hoach ea s d ha t i n g mdi trudng cho eae khu vue dd thj chi nen tap trung vao cae he thing quan ly d i t dai, nude thai va chat thai ran
Trudc day, khi thuc hien Qh an "Quy hoach bao
ve mdi trudng thanh pho Vinh" va trong mdt vai d i tai thuc hien quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng eho cac
dd thj mdi ( c i p thj xa) hien nay [ 4 ] , chung tdi da va dang thuc hien viec lap quy hoach ca s d ha t i n g mdi trudng theo quan diem neu tren
2 Phu'O'ng phap luan lap quy hoach c a sa ha
t i n g moi tru'd'ng
Oe thuc hien viee lap quy hoaeh ca s d ha t i n g mdi trudng (CSHTMT) c i n thuc hien cac budc ea ban sau day:
Bude 1: Md ta va danh gia thue trang mdi trudng cua lanh tho nghien CCPU nham xac djnh thuc trang mdi trudng va cac SCPC ep chinh v i mdi trudng, tCp
dd nhan dien va phan tich nhu'ng thach thCpc ve ea
s d ha t i n g mdi trudng hien tai cua lanh tho
- Nudi trong va danh bat thuy hai san: Xac djnh
cac khu vuc nudi trong va danh bat thuy hai san va
v i n d i d nhiim nguon nude t u nhien
Bude 2: Phan tich viec ap dung CSHTMT trong eae giai doan quy hoach nham xac djnh cac khu vuc nao da xay dung CSHTMT va chung da ddng
Tap chi Khi trfgfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 33
Trang 3Nghidn ctfu & Trao doi
gdp nhu t h i nao vao viee cai thien cae d i i u kien mdi
trudng cua cac khu vuc dd ndi rieng va trong t i n g
the cua vung lap quy hoach ndi chung
Budc 3: Xay dung quy hoach CSHTMT: Tren ea
sd phan tich va ra soat quy hoach tong t h i phat triin
KT -XH, quy hoach eae nganh eua lanh tho, d i i
chiiu vdi chiin luge bao ve mdi trudng quoc gia,
thuc hien:
- Du bao eae SCPC ep len cae n g u i n tai nguyen
va mdi trudng d i xae djnh cac ITnh vue then c h i t
nhit c i n thuc hien quy hoach CSHTMT nham thiit
lap khung quy hoach CSHTMT
- Du bao cac xu hudng tuang lai v i c h i t lugng
mdi trudng can CCP vao cac mue tieu phat trien va xu
hudng b i i n doi eua eae ngudn tai nguyen Cae ITnh
vuc c i n dugc xem xet va du bao bao g i m : Nhu c i u
nude sach, c h i t lugng cac nguin nude, phat sinh
cac ngudn nude thai va c h i t thai r i n , c h i t lugng
mdi trudng khdng khf, e h i t lugng va s u xudng c i p
eua tai nguyen d i t , c h i t lugng va dp che phu cua
rCpng va tinh da dang sinh hpc, benh tat va SCPC khde
cua eon ngudi
- Xae djnh cac muc tieu ve CSHTMT dugc can
CCP vao xu hudng tuang lai cua nhu'ng v i n d i mdi
trudng quan trpng va c i p bach nhit Cac muc tieu
ca ban bao g i m : Quan ly nude va nude thai, quan
ly c h i t thai, quan ly cac ngudn tai nguyen khac va
bao ve d i t
Budc 4: Oe x u i t nhO'ng can thiep, ke hoach hoat
ddng va d u k i i n tai chinh eho quy hoaeh CSHTMT
Nhu'ng can thiep (thue e h i t la cac giai phap)
duge d i x u l t tap trung vao cac muc tieu cua quy
hoach CSHTMT Od la nhu'ng giai phap v i ky thuat
- mdi trudng thu gom va XLP ly ehit thai g i n vdi eae
nguon thai va thai lugng c h i t thai ra mdi trudng tCp
cac hoat dpng phat t r i i n Cac giai phap ky thuat
-moi trudng phai dat dugc hieu qua la giam thieu d i n
mCpc t i i da anh hudng eua c h i t thai d i n mdi trudng,
lam sao khdng vugt qua kha nang ehju tai eua mdi
trudng
Mat khac, cae giai phap d u g c d i x u i t de giam
thiiu tac dpng cua cac hoat ddng phat trien d i n mdi
trudng khdng the thuc hien ngay dugc ma phai cd
k i hoaeh trien khai tCpng budc theo cae ky quy hoaeh Vi vay, e i n xay dung k i hoach hoat ddng cho cac giai phap va phai tinh toan kinh phi eho cac giai phap nay si e - - : in
3 CCng dung thu" nghiem lap quy hoach CSHTMT cho thanh pho Vinh tinh Nghe An
a Hien trang, dw bio lwang ehit thai va nhu'ng
sure ep ehinh ve CSHTMT
* vin di chit thai cdng nghiep
Hien tai, h i u h i t cac nha may, xf nghiep tren dja ban TP Vinh n i m rai rac, xen ke vdi cac khu dan eu khu cdng nghiep (KCN) Bac Vinh da dugc xay dung nhung so lugng cac ca s d san x u i t chuyin vao KCN nay ehua n h i i u Cac ca s d san x u l t v i n d trong tinh trang cdng nghe cu do chua ed d i i u kien doi mdi hoac thay t h i bang cac cdng nghe tien tiin han Vl vay lugng e h i t thai ( r i n va Idng) hien tai chua dugc XLP ly va thai true t i i p ra moi trudng nhit
la doi vdi nhu'ng khu dan c u , tinh trang d nhiem moi trudng do c h i t thai cdng nghiep dang gia tang Lugng nude thai san x u l t cdng nghiep, n h i t la c h i
b i i n luang thuc, thuc p h i m r i t Idn, chCpa ham lugng c h i t hu'U ca eao khi thai ra mdi trudng da gay anh hudng nghiem trpng d i n ehit lugng nude, dit, khdng khi va canh quan t u nhien Mdt so nganh khae nhu det, da, san x u i t g i i y cd lugng nude thai chLPa nhiiu loai hoa c h i t ddc hai chua duge XLP ly eung true t i i p thai ra mdi trudng lam suy giam ehit lugng nude eua nhiiu khu vue Trong tuang lai, khi
s i lugng nha may, xi nghiep tang len kha nhiiu thi
v i n d i c h i t thai cdng nghiep cang trd nen la mpt
v i n d i mdi trudng c i p bach, ddi hdi phai dua ra eae giai phap thu gom va XLP ly n h i m han c h i toi da anh hudng d i n mdi trudng
* vin di ehit thai sinh hoat
Hien tai, lugng rac thai sinh hoat d TP Vinh cung chl mdi thu gom dugc 60% Nhu vay, mdt lugng rac thai sinh hoat tuang doi Idn (tren 80.000 t i n /nam) ehua duge thu gom va gay d nhiim Idn trong Thanh
p h i Bai rac eua TP Vinh da qua tai va qui trinh XCP
ly rac cung chua hoan thien, dac biet la XLP ly nude thai bai rac Theo d u bao d i n nam 2010, toan Thgph
34 Tap chi Khi trftfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009
Trang 4Nghidn cufu & Trao doi
p h i se ed 363.000 t i n rac thai sinh hoat (gip han 2
I i n nam 2002) va d i n nam 2020 se ed 630.000 t i n
(gip g i n 4 l l n hien tai) Nhu vay, lugng rac thai sinh
hoat dd thi TP Vinh se r i t Idn n i u khdng dugc thu
gom h i t va chuyen d i n cae bai XLP ly thi s§ gay d
nhiim nghiem trpng cho Thanh p h i Tinh Nghe An
da va dang d i u t u de xay dung khu lien hgp XCP ly
chit thai Nghi Yen (each TP Vinh khoang 20 km) vdi
qui mo dien tich len d i n 50 ha vao nhung nam 2020
Theo quy hoach nhu c i u nude eho thanh p h i
Vinh udc tfnh d i n nam 2010 khoang 110.000 m^
/ngay dem Lugng nude thai sinh hoat du bao
khoang 88.000 m^ /ngay dem Nude thai sinh hoat
dd thj eua TP Vinh hien tai khdng dugc XLP ly ma do
true tiep vao he t h i n g thoat thai nude mua cua
Thanh p h i bing cae kenh thoat nude c i p I, II, III
Hien trang cac muang thoat nude chua dap Cpng
dugc luu lugng thoat thai va bj hu hong nhiiu Day
la mdt trong nhu'ng nguyen nhan quan trpng lam d
nhiem nguin nude kenh rach t u nhien trong Thanh
p h i eung nhu nguon nude sdng Lam d TP Vinh
* vin de chit thai y ti nguy hai ^
Chit thai ran benh vien: chit thai r i n tCp qua trinh
ehCpa benh la nhO'ng c h i t thai nguy hai, gay d nhiim
mdi trudng va ed t h i lan truyin cac benh truyin
nhiem
Hien tai, toan Thanh phd cd 5 benh vien Idn vdi
t i n g lugng chit thai y t i nguy hai g i n 300kg /ngay
Lugng chit thai nguy hai nay ehua dugc XLP ly theo
qui trinh; mdt phin dugc XLP ly ddt tai benh vien Hu'U
Nghi da khoa tinh, mdt p h i n edn lai kha Idn dugc
chon l i p tai cho gay d n h i i m nghiem trpng mdi
trudng d i t va nude Du k i i n d i n nam 2010, lugng
rac thai nguy hai len den 630 tin/nam va nam 2020
la 866 t i n / n a m , :
Nude thai benh vien hien nay eung chua ed he
thong thu gom va XLP ly, true t i i p do t h i n g ra mdi
trudng Cae hgp c h i t hCpu ca, hoa c h i t cua cae
dugc p h i m , kim loai nang da gay d nhiim d i n mdi
trudng nude eua cac khu vue xung quanh benh
vien Trong quy hoach phat trien, d i i vdi c h i t thai y
t i nguy hai, c i n thiit phai thu gom triet de va XCP ly
theo dung qui trinh d i tranh s u lay lan benh truyin
nhiem va gay d nhiem mdi trudng nude
* vin di thodt nude Thdnh phi
He t h i n g thoat nude thai sinh hoat va san x u l t cdng nghiep, t i i u thu cdng nghiep edn ehung vdi he
t h i n g thoat nude mua dd thj Nude thai sinh hoat, nude thai cdng nghiep va y t i khdng dugc XLP ly hoac XLP ly khdng triet d i , do t h i n g vao muang thoat nude chung gay anh hudng d i n mdi trudng nude mat, nude n g i m va mdi trudng d i t eua thanh p h i Hien nay cac kenh muang d i n thai h i u nhu la muang d i t va hd Cac kenh dao chu y i u la chay t u nhien theo cac cho trung va mdt so dao theo kenh hudng ddng V i ea ban eae kenh d i n thai ehua dat yeu c l u ky thuat ve tinh dp d i e hay mat cat ngang
Vi vay, khdng dap Crng dugc yeu e l u thoat nude thai eua TP Vinh
Co t h i t h i y r i n g thuc trang thoat nude eua TP Vinh hien nay edn nhieu b i t cap va khdng cd he thong muang thoat ddng bd nen viec ngap ung cue
bd trong eae khu vue thudng xay ra lien tuc ngay ea sau khi xay ra cac tran mua nhd va ngan ngay ,
b De xuit phwang in quy hoach CSHTMT
TCP k i t qua phan tich v i thue trang mdi trudng
va nhan dien nhCrng SCPC ep chinh v i CSHTMT theo cac muc tieu phat t r i i n kinh t i - xa hdi d i n nam
2020, ehung toi da d i x u l t mdt sd giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT thanh phd Vinh g i n vdi nhiem vu quan ly c h i t thai, la net dac trung cua cdng tac quy hoaeh CSHTMT do thj [4]
1) Quy hoach quan ly va si> dung ngudn nude
- Nang c i p , m d rpng cac nha may nude hien cd
va cd t h i xay mdi cae nha may nude d i dam bao cdng s u i t vao nam 2005 la 6 van m^ /ngay dem va nam 2020 la 15 van m^ /ngay dem (vdi nguin nude
du k i i n se dugc l i y tCp sdng Lam) P h i n d i u d i n nam 2020 dam bao eung c i p 100% nude sach eho nhan dan thanh p h i
2) Quy hoaeh he thong thodt nude va xu ly nude thai ,„ , , ,,^
- c i n phai cai tao, nang d p he t h i n g kenh muang thoat nude va thu gom nude thai thanh p h i
Trang 5Nghidn cufu & Trao doi
vao he t h i n g ho sinh hpc d i XLP ly Nude thai sau
XCP ly phai dat tieu ehuin loai B cua Tieu chuan Viet
Nam TCVN 5942-1995 Can CCP vao tinh hlnh thue
t i cua cac khu vuc phan bd dan c u cua thanh phd,
he thong thoat nude ban duge phan ra hai vung XCP
ly rieng biet
- Tai cae khu do thi cu hien nay d phia Nam
thanh p h i : SLP dung he t h i n g chay chung eho thoat
nude mua va nude thai Tuy nhien eae kenh dan
thai can dugc kien co hoa va lam kin Cudi cac
t u y i n kenh d p I xay dung he thong thu gom va
giing tach nude thai d i dua vao he thong ho sinh
hpc XLP ly trudc khi thai ra mdi trudng
Sau quy trinh XLP ly bang cac h i sinh hpc, hieu
s u i t XLP ly nude thai dat tdi 65-70% va dam bao
duge nude thai do vao sdng thudc loai B (thuy vuc
nhan nude khdng dung true tiep c i p nude sinh
hoat) hoan toan dap Cpng vdi yeu c i u mdi trudng
cua TP Vinh
- Tai cac khu dd thj mdi se phat trien d phia B l c
thanh p h i : xay dung he t h i n g thoat nude mua va
nude b i n chay rieng theo he thong dudng i n g va
tram bam v i khu XLP ly chung d phia Odng b l c
Nude mua theo he t h i n g cong d p II, III do vao
kenh B i e va kenh Ke Gai - Rao DCpng Nude thai
duge tap trung vao cac khu XCP ly lam sach trudc khi
thai vao sdng h i He t h i n g XCP ly nude thai ed cdng
s u i t 35.000 m3 /ngay va hoat ddng theo day
chuyin cdng nghe: Nude thai - song c h i n rac - b i
l i n g eat - be l i n g ly tam - thiit bj d i i u c h i Clo - b i
t i i p xuc - san phai bun - cdng trinh c h i b i i n can
Nude thai sau khu do thj do vao kenh d i n dam bao
tieu chuan nude thai loai B
- T i t ca cac KCN va cum cdng nghiep phai cd he
thong thoat nude thai tram XLP ly nude thai rieng
Nude mua d u g c thu gom va tach d i u md, nude
thai san x u l t va sinh hoat dugc XLP ly cue bp trong
KCN trude khi thai vao he t h i n g c i n g chung eua
thanh p h i d i dua v i cac tram XLP ly nude thai tap
trung
- o i l vdi eae KCN va benh vien nude thai phai
XLP ly cue bp va dat tieu ehuan B trudc khi thai ra mdi
trudng
Theo djnh hudng cho phat trien d p va thoat nude cCia TP Vinh d i n nam 2020, nude thai cua cac khu dan c u va KCN se dat d tieu ehuin nude thai cdng nghiep va sinh hoat loai B trudc khi do vao cac
he t h i n g kenh d i n thai c i p I nhu kenh bae, muang Hong Bang, kenh so 1, 2, 3 va muang Hung Odng Nhu vay se cai thien r i t nhiiu tinh trang d nhilm mdi trudng nude cua eae sdng, kenh trong TP Vinh cung nhu cua sdng Lam * ' "
3 Quy hoach bai chdn l i p c h i t thai r i n Qua khao sat, phan tich, tfnh toan, thanh p h i Vinh da lua chpn d u g c dja d i i m thich hgp d xa Nghi Yen, huyen Nghi Ldc de xay dung khu lien hgp XCP
ly c h i t thai r i n Vdi gia thiit v i t i c dp tang trudng dan so va dac tinh cua rac thai, u d c tfnh bai chdn l i p se dap Cpng duge lugng rac trong khoang 22 nam (tCp 2004 -2025):
- Bai chdn l i p mdi duge tinh toan de dua vao SLP
dung trong nam 2004 va cd t h i phat triin, md rdng dien tich len d i n 50 ha vao nam 2024;
- Trong giai doan nay, rac thai u d c tinh se tang tCp 0,7 kg/ngay tdi 1,4 kg/ngay va hieu qua thu gom rac tang tCp 60 - 90%;
- Ngoai lugng rac thai tCp Tp Vinh (each khoang
20 km).va thj t r i n CCpa Ld (each 15km), bai chdn l i p mdi cd the nhan them mdt lugng rac thai dugc thu gom tLP nhu'ng khu vuc can k i trong cae huyen Nghi Lpc (each thj t r i n Quan Hanh 5km), Hung Nguyen
va Nam Dan;
- D u tinh se cd khoang 50% rac thai hu'U ea dugc XCP ly de e h i b i i n phan bdn vi sinh Se ed khoang 10% lugng rac thu gom g i m cac loai giiy, nhua se d u g c SLP dung lai;
- Tong cdng s u i t cua bai chdn l i p se chCpa lugng
rac trong s u i t 22 nam cho d i n e u i i nam 2025, udc
tinh vao khoang 2.400.000 tan t u a n g duang vdi 2.800.000 m^
Tai khu XLP ly cac giai phap cdng nghe sau se duge ap dung:
- o i l vdi c h i t thai dd thj khdng ddc hai SLP dung
36 Tap chi Khi ttftfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009
Trang 6Nghien cufu & Trao doi
cong nghe chdn l i p hgp ve sinh;
- Doi vdi c h i t thai sinh hoat ed ham lugng hu'U
ca cao se dugc tan dung c h i bien thanh phan phan
bdn vi sinh eo quy md cdng s u i t 70 -115 t i n /ngay,
tren dien tich 1, 84 ha vdi cdng nghe u len men
Cdng doan nay se lam giam 30% lugng rac phai
chdn l i p , keo dai thdi gian hoat ddng eua bai chdn
l i p
- Nude rac d khu chdn l i p se dugc thu gom va
XLP ly theo cong nghe vi sinh bang chuoi ho sinh hpc
Day va thanh d chdn l i p , khu XLP ly nude rac dugc
thiit k i cac Idp ching t h i m (Idp set d i m chat, Idp
plastic HOPE) de ching d nhilm d i n nguin nude
ngim va nude mat
- C h i t thai dpc hai khdng XCP ly tai khu Nghi Yen
Cac chit thai nay dugc giu' trong cac container bao
dam chCra chit thai dang Idng hoae ran, dung tich
tuang duang thung chCpa d i u 2001
Ben canh viee xay dung khu lien hgp XLP ly ehit
thai d Nghi Yen, TP Vinh e i n quy hoach bo tri mang
ludi thu gom rac hgp ly va cd bien phap hu'U hieu de
dam bao cae diem trung chuyen rac khdng gay d
nhiem mdi trudng xung quanh Bd tri cac thung
chCpa rac va eae xe d i y nhd d i thu gom rac v i eae
bai tap kit Cac bai tap k i t phai dam bao yeu c i u ve
sinh, tLP dd SLP dung xe ep rac chd d i n khu XLP ly
Nghi Yen ,,, ,,, ,^,,,, ,
- Tai cac benh vien Idn d n phai xay dung cac Id
ddt rac y t i chuyen dung
c Xic djnh eie dw in wu tien ve CSHTMT
Tren ea sd cac giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT,
tac gia da de x u l t cac d u an bao ve mdi trudng
(BVMT) va phan ki thue hien d i n nam 2015 va
2020 Cac du an BVMT bao gom: BVMT dd thj,
BVMT cdng nghiep, BVMT du Ijch, BVMT ndng thdn
ngoai thanh Sau day la mpt s i d u an xay dung
CSHTMT duge xae djnh la uu tien trong cdng tac
quan ly c h i t thai va giam thieu 6 nhilm mdi trudng
do chit thai [4]:
- Du an 1: Md rdng nha may nude tCr cdng s u i t
2 van m^ /ngay dem len 6 van m^ /ngay dem vao
nam 2005 va d i n nam 2020 va 15 van m^ /ngay dem, du cung d p 100% nude sach cho ndi thanh va
ngoai thanh Kinh phi udc tfnh la 700 ty d i n g
Nguon von ngan sach nha nude
- Du an 2: Cai tao he t h i n g thoat nude thai d phfa bae thanh p h i va xay dung mdi d phia nam thanh p h i Kinh phi d u k i i n 130 ty d i n g Ngudn v i n ODA
- Du an 3: Xay dung 7 tram XLP ly nude thai tap trung tai phudng Ddng VTnh, CCpa Nam, Vinh Tan,
B i n Thuy, xa Hung Ddng, Hung Lpc Kinh phi d u kiin 46 ty d i n g Nguon v i n ODA
- Du an 4: Xay dung he t h i n g XCP ly nude thai tap trung tai cac KCN va Trung tam cdng nghiep (TTCN) Kinh phi ude tinh 300 ty d i n g N g u i n v i n tCp dja phuang va cac doanh nghiep
- Du an 5: Xay dung bai rac mdi rdng 50 ha each thanh p h i 20 km v i phia bac, thudc dja phan huyen Nghi Ldc va xay dung nha may c h i b i i n rac cdng nghiep Kinh phf d u k i i n 80 ty d i n g Ngudn v i n Ho trg phat triin (ODA)
- Du an 6: Tang cudng nang luc cho he t h i n g thu gom va van chuyen rac Kinh phi udc tinh 2 ty
d i n g Vdn ngan sach nha nude
- Du an 7: Xay dung cac Id d i t ehit thai nguy hai tCp cac hoat dpng cdng nghiep va c h i t thai benh vien Kinh phi u d c tinh 20 ty d i n g N g u i n vdn ODA
- Du an 8: Di ddi cac ca s d gay d n h i i m mdi trudng nghiem trpng nam xen ke trong khu dan c u
ra KCN tap trung Huy ddng tCp nhiiu nguon v i n
- Du an 9: Hoan thien mang ludi quan t r i e mdi trudng tren ea s d mang ludi quan t r i e hien cd, xay dung va bo sung mpt s i tram quan t r i e c h i t lugng khdng khi, nude va d i t Kinh phi udc tinh 500 trieu
d i n g /nam N g u i n von tCr ngan sach nha nude
d Thanh lap ban do quy hoaeh CSHTMT thanh pho Vinh t
-Viec thanh lap ban do quy hoaeh CSHTMT hien nay chua cd mdt quy trinh ehuan, dac biet la khi SLP dung cdng nghe GIS Tac gia eho rang tren ban dd quy hoaeh CSHTMT can phai the hien hai Idp thdng
Tap chi Khi tvtdng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 37
Trang 7' < - & •'
Nghidn cufu & Trao doi
tin chinh: Ldp thdng tin v i quy hoaeh SLP dung dat
(cac thdng tin v i khdng gian cua eae d i i tugng SLP
dung d i t ed tinh nhay cam vdi mdi trudng) va Idp
thdng tin v i cac giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT (Quy
hoaeh he t h i n g thoat nude, XLP li nude thai, cac bai
rac, he thong quan t r i e mdi trudng ) Mat khac,
mdt s i giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT khdng the the
hien tren ban d i theo ty le khdng gian ma chi cd t h i
t h i hien dudi dang d i i m phi ty le Cdng nghe GIS
eho phep dua eae d i i tugng t h i hien phi ty le len
ban d i theo dung vj tri d u k i i n quy hoaeh tren ea
sd xac djnh ehinh xae tpa dp cua cac d i i tugng diy
* o i l vdi thanh p h i Vinh tac gia da chpn ty le
1/10.000 d i t h i hien ban do quy hoaeh CSHTMT
Tren ban do ed eae Idp thdng tin sau:
* Ldp thong tin v i quy hoaeh SLP dung d i t nam
2020: Cac thdng tin nay dugc lua chpn theo ban d i
quy hoaeh SLP dung d i t do s d K i hoach va O l u t u
thue hien vao nam 1998 cd hieu ehinh vao nam
2003
* Thdng tin v i cac phuang an b i tri CSHTMT
den nam 2020 bao g i m :
- He thing thoat nude, de ngan nude: he thing
thoat bao g i m he t h i n g sdng, kenh va he t h i n g
cdng thoat nude (ehu y i u dpc dudng giao thdng)
trong thanh p h i va 3 tram bam thoat nude mua dat
d cac phudng Dpi Cung, Trung Od, B i n Thuy
- He t h i n g thoat nude thai: hien tai he t h i n g
nude thai ehu y i u v i n chay ehung vdi he t h i n g
thoat nude gay d nhiim va r i t khd kiem soat Trong
quy hoaeh he thing thoat nude thai trong eae khu
cdng nghiep dugc chay rieng, qua cae tram XLP ly
sau dd mdi do ra he t h i n g thoat nude ehung Cdn
mdt s i he thing nude thai chay chung vdi he t h i n g
thoat nude se duge XCP ly tai cac khu XLP ly nude thai
chay ehung
- Cac tram XCP ly nude thai: gom 4 khu XCP ly nude
thai chay ehung va 1 khu XCP ly nude thai tap trung
- H i sinh hpc: gdm 5 h i sinh hpc XLP ly thai dugc
dat d euii cae kenh thai, vdi he thong ho sinh hpe
nay se tang cudng nang luc mdt each t i t n h i t cho
cho he thing XLP ly thai cua thanh p h i
- Cac bai rac va khu XCP ii rac thai tap trung
- He t h i n g quan t r i e mdi trudng: g i m he t h i n g quan t r i e mdi trudng thudng xuyen cua tinh dugc
bo sung them 5 diem quan t r i e mdi trudng nude, 9 diem quan t r i e khdng khi, 3 d i i m quan t r i e tiing i n giao thdng va cudng dp ddng xe
Quy md, vi tri cua he t h i n g thoat nude mua va nude thai TP Vinh do Cong ty T u v i n T h i i t k i Xay dung tinh Nghe An thuc hien nam 2002 tren ea sd phuang an quy hoach TP Vinh da thanh lap
v i n d i d n h i l m mdi trudng nude do eae hoat ddng kinh te - dan sinh da d u g c giai q u y i t v i ca ban Mdi trudng nude mat d u g c dam bao it bi d nhilm nhlL Od la muc tieu quan trpng cua cdng tac QHMT cua TP Vinh trong qua trinh xay dung va phat
triin
4 Ket luan Quy hoach CSHTMT la ndi dung quan trpng bae
n h i t trong cdng tae lap quy hoaeh BVMT cua mdt lanh tho, dae biet d i i vdi cac khu vuc dd thj, la nai trung tam cua cac hoat dpng kinh t i - xa hdi (Cdng nghiep, djch vu, dan eu, van hda xa hdi) Mue tieu
ea ban eua cdng tac lap quy hoach CSHTMT la du bao dugc lugng cac c h i t thai phat sinh tCp eae hoat dpng phat t r i i n , tren ea s d phan tich thuc trang v i CSHTMT thuc hien cac giai phap ky thuat - moi trudng d i XLP ly lugng c h i t thai d u bao phat sinh nham dam bao SCPC ehju tai eua mdi trudng va giam
t h i i u d u g c d n h i l m mdi trudng s i n g eua cpng
d i n g Tren ca s d nhO'ng quan d i i m va phuang phap luan lap quy hoach CSHTMT cua nhiiu tac gia trong va ngoai nude, dae biet eua chuang trinh SEMLA, tac gia da Cpng dung d i thanh lap ban d i quy hoach CSHTMT thanh p h i Vinh vdi s u trg giup cua cdng nghe GIS Cae giai phap quy hoach CSHTMT eung vdi cae d u an eu t h i dugc d i x u l t gdp p h i n giai q u y i t v i n d i d n h i i m mdi trudng trong cdng tae quy hoach, dam bao cho phuang an quy hoach dat dugc s u phat trien ben vu'ng
Bai bao nay, trinh bay mdt p h i n k i t qua nghien
CCPU eua de tai nghien CCPU ca ban: "Nghien CCPU, Cpng
dung cae modul tich hgp trong GIS d i xay dung ^o'
Trang 8Nghidn cufu & Trao doi
s d du- lieu ban do danh gia c h i t lugng mdi trudng tho" (lay vf du tinh Nghe An), ma so 7.5 thude hudng
phuc vu lap quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng vung lanh nghien cu'u Tai b i i n thien nhien va mdi trudng Viet
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Chuang trinh hgp tdc Viet Nam -Thuy Diin, SEMLA (2006) Quy hoach ea sd ha ting mdi trudng tinh
Ha Giang giai doan 2007-2015 vd tim nhin 2020 Ban thao di cuang
2 Luu Dire Hal, Nguyin Ngoc Sinh (2005) Quan ly mdi trudng chd suphat triin bin vu'ng NXB Dai hoe
Quic gia Ha Npi
3 Trin Hiiu Nhue vd nnk (2001) Qudn ly chit thai rin Tap 1: Chit thai rin dd thj NXB Xay di/ng
4 Mai Trong Thdng vd nnk (2004) Quy hoaeh bao ve mdi trudng thanh phi Vinh, tinh Nghe An Bdo edo
ting hgp Di an cip tinh, Vien Dja ly
5 Mai Trong Thdng, Ting Phiic Tuin vd nnk (2008) Nghien ciru, xdy dung quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng
eho thj xa Thai Hda giai doan 2008 - 2015, cd tinh din 2020 Di tai thupc Chuang trinh khoa hoc cdng
nghe cip tinh Nghe An, Vien Dja ly
6 Mai Trgng Thdng va nnk (2005) Phdng ching, kiim sodt d nhiim va phuc hdi mdi trudng Bdo cao kit
qua hoat dpng PI ciia Chuang trinh hgp tdc Viet Nam -Thuy Diin vi tang cudng nang luc quan ly dit
dai vd mdi trudng (SEMLA) Bdo cao tong hgp, Vien Dja ly , , : ,
7 Mai Trong Thdng va nnk (2006) Sir dung phuang phdp tich hgp trong ArcView GIS di xdy dung cd sa
dir lieu ban dd phue vu lap quy hoaeh bao ve mdi trudng Tap chi Khi tugng Thuy van si 552, thdng
12/2006
8 Mai Trong Thdng vd nnk (2007) Thanh lap ban do quy hoaeh bao ve mdi trudng thdnh phi Vinh bdng
phuang phdp tich hgp ban di trong ArcView GIS Tap chl Khi tugng Thiiy van si 563, thdng 11/2007
.'•f
Tap chi Khi ttfcfng Thuy van * Thang 3/2009 39