NGHIEN CU''''U THIEN TAI LU LUT VA D i XUAT MOT SO GIAI PHAP KHAC PHUC HAU QUA VA PHONG C H O N G TREN CAC HE T H 6 N G SONG SU6l TiNH BAC KAN TS Phf Hung Cu''''O''''ng Trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpe Dai hpc Thai Ngu[.]
Trang 1NGHIEN CU'U THIEN TAI LU LUT VA D i XUAT MOT SO GIAI PHAP
TS Phf Hung Cu'O'ng - Trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpe - Dai hpc Thai Nguyen
tk Kghien ciru cac sy cd moi truang a Viet Nam dang la vin di thai su vi tir nhieu ndm qua, ducn
m \ manh hwang cua biin ddi khi hdu todn ciu, cpng vai tdc dpng ngdy cdng gia tdng ciia boat dpng
m w khai thdc lanh thd, nhit Id a cac luu vuc song, da tao nen sire ep moi trirang ngdy cdng manh, dac biet la cac thung lung song, suoi mien niii Npi dung bai bdo nghien eiru ddc diim ede luu vuc a tinh Bac Kan va buae diu xdy dyng ban do phan viing chirc nang canh bdo 10 lijt tinh Bde Kan tren ca sa phdn tich canh quan, di xuit mpt sd dinh huang sir dijng khdng gian cho phdt trin bin vu'ng, cdc gidi phdp qudn
ly luu vuc, cac giai phap tdng hgp mdi tnrang va bao ve mdi truang vd phdt triin bin vu'ng tren thugng ngudn luu vyc sdng Ciu
1 Dat van de
Nghien CLPU cac s y c l mdi trudng d Viet Nam
dang la van d l thdi s y vi tCr nhilu nam qua, dudi
anh hudng cua b i l n doi khi hau toan c l u , cpng vdi
tac dpng ngay cang gia tang cua hoat ddng khai thac
lanh tho, n h i t la d eae luu vyc song, da tao nen SCPC
ep mdi trudng ngay cang manh, dae biet la cac
thung lung sdng, s u l i m i l n nui Mat khac, cae luu
vyc sdng thudng la nhO'ng dja ban phan b l dan c u
ddng due, canh tac tru phu, thuan Igi v l dja t h i va
tai nguyen ddi vdi viec hinh thanh cac trung tam
cdng nghiep va dd thj ndng thdn m i l n nui
Ngay nay, trudc SLPC ep v l dan sd va nhu c l u SLP
dung tai nguyen phat trien kinh t l da lam eho dien
tich rCpng bj giam sut, cac vyc chCpa nude bj san l i p ,
d i t dai bj hoang hoa, va vdi nhO'ng b i l n dpng cua
khi hau, thdi t i l t da lam tang mCrc dp sinh thuy va
tap trung nude Day la mpt trong nhCpng nguyen
nhan ehu y l u gay nen nhilu sy e l mdi trudng (dae
biet la 10 quet, 10 I n g , sat Id dit ) d vung nui Ddng
B l c ndi chung va d eae luu vyc sdng thupc tinh B l c
Kan ndi rieng Vi vay, nghien CLPU thien tai 10 lut va
d l x u l t mpt so giai phap k h i c phuc hau qua' va
phong chdng tren cae he thdng sdng sudi tmh Bac Kan de tCp dd cd nhCpng giai phap nham han c h l thiet hai eua 10 lut la r i t e i n thilt
2 Khai quat dac diem cae lu'u vyc a tinh Bac
Kan
B l c Kan la tinh m i l n nui nam sau trong ndi dja eua vung Ddng B l c , phia B l c giap Cao Bang, phfa Nam giap Thai Nguyen, phia Ddng giap Lang San
va phia Tay giap Tuyen Quang Dien tich t y nhien la 4.857,21 km^, c h i l m 4,7% dien tich vung Ddng B l c ,
va 1,45% dien tich ca nude, s l dan 302.786 ngudi (2006), chilm 0,36% dan s l toan qudc
Dja hinh cua B l c Kan da dang, phCpc tap, chu
y l u la ddi nui eao Cac day nui eao phan b l d phia Odng (canh cung Ngan San) va phia Tay (mpt p h i n canh cung sdng Gam) Ve mat dja hinh, cd the chia Bac Kan thanh 3 khu vyc: 1) Khu vyc phia Ddng bao g i m cae day nui cao, keo dai theo canh cung Ngan San Canh cung chay s u i t tCp Nam Quet (Cao Bing), qua B l c Kan v l tdi Lang Hit (phfa b l c Thai Nguyen) udn thanh hlnh vdng cung rd ret theo hudng B l c - Nam; 2) Khu v y c phfa Tay cOng la nhO'ng khdi nui cao vdi dinh cao nhat 1578 m (Phia
Tap chi Khi ttftfng Thuy van * Thang 5/2009
Trang 2Nghien cufu & Trao ddi
Bide) tren lanh tho B l c Kan; 3) Khu vyc trung tam
dpc thung lOng sdng C l u cd dja hinh t h i p han
nhilu Day la mpt n i p Idm dugc eau tao chu y l u bdi
da phien, da vdi, da set vdi cd tuoi rat co Pho biln
la cac day doi cao d i n 200m, mpt vai nui thap
(400-500m) cd nhO'ng thung lOng md rpng, ddi khi trd
thanh nhO'ng canh dong giO'a nui Vdi e l u true dja
hinh nhu vay, cdng vdi dja hinh nui ehilm uu t h i
nen dien tich d i t doe tren 150 d B l c Kan chilm tdi
66% (319.124 ha).dien tich toan tinh, them vao dd la
nhO'ng dien tich d i t cd dp doc nhd, nhung lai nam
tren eae vung sudn va dinh nui vdi 106.000 ha lam
cho dien tfch dat doe ft cd kha nang sCr dung ca gidi
hoa chilm d i n 88% dien tich t y nhien toan tinh, dien
tich nay n l u khdng dugc che phu tot se la mpt b i n
thu nude Idn tgp trung d l d i n nhanh nude x u i n g
vung thung lOng
Canh quan hinh thai dja hlnh Bac Kan r i t da
dang, chung ed vai trd quan trpng trong viec luu trCp
va phan phdi nude, dae biet la nude dudi dat d l
d i l u hda can can nude Trudc day rCrng che phu
tren dja ban B l c Kan kha t i t , ty le che phu dat 75%,
song nhO'ng nam g i n day, viec khai thac rCrng thilu
quy hoach da b i l n nhilu khu ru'ng gia, nhilu khu
ru'ng ed c h i t lugng cao trd thanh ddi trpc, thanh
rCrng thu* sinh cay bui, d i l u nay da lam tang xdi mdn
d i t , tang sy x u l t hien eua cac tran lu, giam lugng
eung d p nude cho cac t i n g nude n g l m La mpt
tinh nam trong khu vyc Ddng B l c Bac Bp nen khi
hau B l c Kan mang nhO'ng net dac trung cua khi hau
nhiet ddi gid mua nen c h l dp mua bj chi phdi chu
y l u bdi gid mua he D i l u nay lam cho lugng nude
tap trung vao mua mua, tang kha nang sinh lu tren
cae triln sdng B l c Kan
Ldp phu tho nhuang tren dja ban luu vyc cac
sdng thudc B l c Kan thudng ed t i n g day khdng qua
2m, tren cac sudn d i e manh va tren da g l c la diep
thach thi t i n g day d i t khdng qua 50 cm, t i n g phong
hda ben dudi cd dp day tCp 1 - 3m, ddi chd < 1 m tren
eae da ran it bj phong hoa Ham lugng cac p h i n tCp
thd (< 2mm) trung binh tu' 5 d i n 10% Day la mpt
y l u t l anh hudng d i n dp t h i m nude va kha nang
giu' nude eua tho bi, lien quan d i n mCpc dp tap trung
nude tren cac luu vuc
Dan so trong luu vyc he thong cae sdng cua B l c Kan thupc loai t h i p n h i t so vdi ca nude, trong dd dong bao dan tdc it ngudi c h i l m d i n 78% (ehu y l u
la cac cdng d i n g Tay, Nung, Dao ) Mat dp dan sd
60 ngudi/km^, nen cOng la mpt trong nhO'ng tinh ed mat dp dan sd t h i p n h i t ea nude, ty le d i t ndng nghiep tren dau ngudi rat thap, trong khi cd d i n >
85% dan s l sdng bang n g h i ndng Chinh vi vay tinh trang canh tac nuang r i y cdn kha pho b i l n , d i n d i n tinh trang xam canh vao quy d i t rCpng, lam eho dien tich rCpng bj thu hep nhanh chdng, va lam suy thoai mdi trudng sinh thai tren luu vyc
3 Ket qua bu'O'C dau xay d i r n g ban do phong chd'ng thien tai lu lut t m h Bae Kan
Tren dja ban tinh B l c Kan da xay dyng dugc nhieu ban d l bp phan nhu ban d l v l khi hau, dja ; hinh, tho nhuang, thuy van, trac lugng hinh thai
Tuy nhien, do ehi la eae ban d l dan tinh khdng the ndi len dugc d i y du cac thdng tin v l nguyen nhan gay ra tai b i l n , khu vyc tai b i l n , khu vyc cd the phat triln kinh t l xa hpi dugc Bang cac p h i n m i m chuyen dung va SLP dung he thdng tin dja ly (GIS), , tac gia da xay dyng dugc ban d l phan vung chCpc ', nang canh bao 10 lut tren pham vi toan tinh, ban d l nay cho phep nhin nhan mpt each tong hgp v l nguyen nhan xay ra tai b i l n , dua ra nhO'ng khu vyc
cd nguy ca xay ra tai b i l n va tCp dd d l x u l t phuang
an phdng c h i n g phuc vu cho cdng tac quy hoach khu vyc eho phat trien kinh te
Tren ban d l phan vung ehCpc nang canh bao 10 lut phan chia ra duge 12 vung ehCpc nang canh quan, dd la: 1 Vung chCre nang canh quan ddng bang day cae thung lOng giCi'a nui e l u tao bdi cae vat lieu t r i m tich bd rdi aluvi, proluvi, deluvi vdi b l mat kha bang phang, nghieng thoai; 2 Vung chCpc nang canh quan d i n g bang day cac canh dong eacxta (thung lOng cacxta) trong eae khu vyc bj cacxta manh, tren b l mat p h i n Idn cd nhO'ng doi da vdi sdt, ddi eho kha b i n g phang; 3 Vung chCre nang canh quan dong bang cacxta (ven ria thung lOng cacxta) trong cae khu vyc bj cacxta manh, tren b l mat p h i n Idn ed nhO'ng d i i da vdi sdt, ddi cho kha " bang phang; 4.Vung chCre nang canh quan doi eao, sudn 111 hay sudn thang, dinh klia bang, hinh dang
Tap chi Khi ttfcfng Thuy van * Thang 5/2009
Trang 3^ N g h i d n Cii'u & Trao d ^ i ^
trong binh do khdng d i u dan, phan bo trong cac b i n
dja giu'a nui; 5.Vung ehCpc nang canh quan nui t h i p
c l u tao bdi da vdi trong qua trinh phong hoa cacxta
dien ra manh; 6 Vung chCrc nang canh quan nui
t h i p e l u tao bdi da t r i m tich xen da vdi, sudn ed
dp d i e tu" t h i p d i n trung binh, b l mat dinh m i m
mai It Id da goc, tang phong hoa ed ehilu day 0,5
-I m ; 7 Vung chCpc nang canh quan nui t h i p c l u tao
bdi da t r i m tfch xen da vdi, sudn kha d i e gdm cac
vat sudn tich (deluvi) va proluvi c h i l m phan Idn t r i e
dien, p h i n dinh thudng Id ra da g l c Idm chdm ( g i m
da vdi chLPa nhilu da lan tuoi D va O -S), t i n g d i t
thudng mdng; 8 Vung chCre nang canh quan nui
t h i p c l u tao bdi da philn (trim tfch b i l n chit) vdi
cac sudn dai, b l mat dinh kha m i m mai, dp chia c i t
khdng cao, t i n g d i t kha day; 9 Vung chCpc nang
canh quan nui trung binh e l u tao bdi da philn (da
biln chit), sudn nui dai, b l mat dinh kha m i m mai,
dp chia c i t ngang khdng eao, tang d i t kha day; 10
Vung chLPc nang canh quan nui t h i p c l u tao bdi da
t r i m tfch va da biln c h i t vdi cac sudn ngan, b l mat
dja hinh bj chia cat manh, dp chia cat ngang Idn; 11
Vung chLPC nang canh quan nui thap c l u tao bdi da
baza va sieu baza (gabro), s u d n dai, t h i n g , d i e ,
chia c i t ngang y l u , t i n g d i t day mau dd sam,
dudng net m i m mai; 12 Vung chCpc nang canh
quan nui t h i p , c l u tao bdi da xam nhap axit (granit),
sudn dai, d i e loi, b l mat dinh rpng, m i m mai, dat cd
t i n g day dang ke mau dd vang
Tren ca sd cac vung chCpc nang canh bao 10 lut
duge phan chia tren dja ban tinh Bae Kan, ed the
dua ra nhO'ng canh bao sau:
- Cac vung chCpc nang sd 7 va so 12 la nhCrng
vung nui thip, cd sudn d i e , sudn nui cd chilu dai
dang ke, vd phong hoa kha day hoac la nhO'ng vat
sudn tich Idn, vat lieu mang tinh hon hgp, day la
nhO'ng vung cd nguy ea t i l m an cao v l trugt Id, lu
quet, vi vay e i n ed nhO'ng bien phap phdng tranh
hO'u hieu
Cac vung chu'c nang s l 1 va s l 2 la nhO'ng vung
day thung lung, n i m dpc theo eae thung lOng sdng
hay cac canh ddng cacxta vdi dac trung la nhO'ng
vung tu thuy, la nhCrng vung cd nhO'ng nguy ca tiem
an v l ngap lut thudng xuyen
- Vung so 10 ed dien tfch r i t rpng, nhung lai cd
dp chia e i t r i t Idn, cd nguy ca xam thye bdc mdn manh, e i n cd nhO'ng bien phap bao ve c h i n g xam thye khe ranh Day la vung thu nude, se cd anh hudng d i n cac vCing 1 va 2
- Cac vung so 6, 8, 9 la nhu'ng vung d i t d i e , ed nhilu kha nang xay ra chay trugt, bdc mdn b l mat neu canh tac khdng hgp ly, khdng mang tinh b i n vCpng
4 Djnh hu'O'ng su' dung khong gian eho phat triin b i n vu-ng
NhO'ng canh bao da duge phan tfch d muc tren cho phep dua ra nhO'ng djnh hudng SLP dung nhu sau:
- D i i vdi eae vung ehCrc nang canh quan s l 7 (cd dien tich kha rpng) va 12 (dien tich hep), e i n dugc bao ve nghiem ngat vdi phuang hudng phat then mang tinh bao t i n cao, trong dd hinh thanh cac khu rCrng dac dung va phat triln cay lam nghiep cay dai ngay tren d i t d i e , vi day thye t l la nhO'ng vung d i u ngudn sdng s u l i nhu vung thu nude thudc h i Ba Be (nam trong dja phan VQG Ba B l , huyen Ba Be), dja ban cac n g u i n s u l i hCpu ngan sdng Nang, vung Phuc Lpc, Ha Hieu (huyen Pac Nam), vung thugng nguin sdng Ngan San d VO Loan, Luang thugng, Lang San (thudc khu bao t i n thien nhien Kim Hy, huyen Na Ri), vung nui Khuoi Deng Tan San (huyen Chg Mdi), v.v Hudng SLP dung la phat then cay lam nghiep va bao ve tham ru'ng
- Tai lanh t h i cac vung chCpc nang s l 1 va s l 2,
do cd nhCrng nguy ca t i l m an v l ngap lut va thye t l
da tu'ng xay ra ngap lut thudng xuyen tai nhO'ng vung nay dpc theo cac thung lOng sdng sudi khi mua Idn va tap trung, mat khac, day la nhO'ng vung tap trung cac dien tfch canh tac va nhu'ng vung dan cu ddng due, vi vay, e i n thilt phai cd nhu'ng cdng trinh thoat nude, d i l u hoa ddng chay, cpng vdi viec xay dyng n i n ndng nghiep sinh thai, tranh gieo t r i n g va thu hoach trung vdi cac thdi diem ed kha nang ung ngap; tim nhO'ng tap doan cay t r i n g cd kha nang ehju ngap cao, phat triln dugc trong d i l u kien ung ngap, v.v
8 Tap chi Khi ixidng Thuy van * Thang 5/2009
Trang 4Nghien ciiu & Trao doi
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Tap chi Khi trftfng Thuy van * Thang 5/2009
Trang 5Nghidn cufu & Trao dii'i %
- Doi vdi lanh tho vung chCpc nang canh quan so
10, nai cd nguy ea xam thye bdc mdn manh, la vung
thu nude nen can thilt phai t i l n hanh eae bien phap
ndng lam k i t hgp vdi viec ap dung cac md hinh
SALT thfch hgp vdi tu'ng dja ban (tCp SALT 1 den
SALT 4) tao nen nhO'ng san pham ndng - lam
nghiep cd gia trj kinh t l cao, vu'a dap Crng dugc yeu
c l u bao ve mdi trudng nhu ap dung cac md hinh ky
thuat ndng - sue k i t hgp dan gian (SALT 2), md hinh
ky thuat san x u l t ndng nghiep vdi cay an qua quy
md nhd (SALT 4), hoac md hinh vudn - ao - chuing
hoac rung - vudn - ao chuong (VAC hoae RVAC)
- Cac vung d i t ddc s l 6, 8, 9 cd nhilu kha nang
xay ra chay trugt, bde mdn b l mat, c i n thilt phai ap
dung cac bien phap canh tac hgp ly vdi cae bang
ru'ng, dai rCrng chdng xdi mdn va cac bien phap canh
tac luan canh, quay vdng d i t giCra cac cay ngan
ngay vdi cac cay cai tao d i t hoae cac loai cay cd dp
tan che cao nhu rong g i l n g , v.v Cd t h i su' dung md
hinh canh tac ndng nghiep tren d i t d i e (SALT 1) B l
tri trong bang cay ngan ngay xen ke vdi bang cay
dai ngay dp d i e cang Idn khoang each cae bang
cang ngan de giu' dat, chdng xdi mdn d i l u hda van
toe ddng chay d i n g thdi hoan tra dp phi nhieu cho
dat nhd qua trinh c l djnh dam va c h i t hCru ca vui
vao d i t K i t hgp mot each tong hgp viec trdng ru'ng
quy md nhd vdi viec san x u l t luang thye thuc p h i m
bang each bo tri lam p h i n tren cao, ben dudi la cac
bang cay luang thye Vdi md hinh nay cac bien
phap tong hgp ndng - lam - thuy Igi nen ap dung
ddng bp han de hieu qua SLP dung dat dugc tang
cao ca v l mat kinh t l , xa hpi va sinh thai mdi trudng
4 Giai phap quan ly ILFU VLFC
T i t ca cac nghien CLPU ve dja ly hay thuy van tren
mdt luu vyc d i u n h i m mot muc tieu lam sao cd
each LPng XLP tdt n h i t de phat trien kinh t l , xa hpi mpt
each b i n vO'ng trong luu vyc Nhilu qua trinh t y
nhien cd lien quan d i n luu vue sdng chi dugc xem
xet trong ranh gidi hanh chinh, cae m l i lien quan
hCpu ca tren mpt lanh tho t y nhien (luu vyc) bj bd
qua hoac chi dugc xem xet mdt each qua loa, dd la
nguyen nhan d i n d i n nhCrng hanh ddng quan ly bj
suy giam hieu qua TLP dd cho t h i y vai trd eua quan
ly luu vyc ia quan trpng, dac biet trong v i n d l SLP dung hgp ly tai nguyen nude va khac phuc thien tai
10 lut Cd the h i l u quan ly tong hgp luu vyc la hang loat cac hanh dpng duge t i l n hanh d eae e l p khac nhau nhu: Cac chiin luge (quy hoach tong the, quy hoach nganh); cac chuang trinh hanh ddng; cac d l
an n h i m phat trien kinh t l xa hdi b i n vO'ng va bao
ve mdi trudng trong mot luu vyc
5 Cac giai phap t o n g hcyp moi trirorig
Ap dung dong bp eae bien phap cdng trinh va phi cdng trinh, trong dd: Cae bien phap cdng trinh tap trung vao xay dyng va hoan chinh cac he thing thuy Igi, cac cdng trinh chong sat Id, chong chay trugt dpc theo cac thung lung sdng, cac diem giao thdng trpng y l u , cac khu q u i n cu, v.v Cac bien phap phi cdng trinh c i n dugc t i l n hanh la: Lap ban d l phan vung kha nang x u l t 10 Idn; Quy hoaeh SLP dung d i t theo cac d p : luu vyc, khi sinh lu, sau khi sinh lu; Lap cac phuang an doi phd vdi 10, 10 quet; Canh bao, dy bao 10, lu quet; T i l n hanh xay dyng quy hoach lam nghiep xa hdi, b i l n lam nghiep thanh nganh san x u l t khdng chi xoa ddi, giam ngheo ma
t i l n tdi lam giau cho eae hp dan cu vung sau, vung
xa tren dja ban vung nui cua tinh
6 Bao ve moi tru'd'ng va phat trien ben vCnng tren thiFcyng ngudn IIHU v y c song C l u
Mdt trong nhO'ng bien phap quan trpng de bao ve mdi trudng va phat t r i l n b i n vCrng vung thugng nguon luu vyc sdng C l u la lam tang dp che phu rCrng bang cae bien phap d i u t u tring mdi va phuc
h i i tham che Lay san x u l t lam nghiep la hudng san
x u l t mdi cho cac dong bao vung cao, de hinh thanh cac san pham ed gia trj kinh te phuc vu ddi s i n g cpng ddng tren vung thugng ngudn luu vyc Vdi ngudn tai nguyen d i t khdng ddi dao, ehu y l u la d i t
d i e , trong khi lai ed e h l dp khi hau da dang vdi 7 hoat ddng sinh khi hau khac nhau cd the eho phep
t i l n hanh mdt n i n ndng nghiep sinh thai ed c h i t lugng, nang cao san pham kinh te, x u l t khau, tao ra nhO'ng dae san dja phuang cd SLPC canh tranh manh tren thj trudng trong nude, nhung d i l u nay chua dugc thye hien trong thdi gian qua, thye t l mCre dp
d i u t u khoa hpe ky thuat va khau khai thac tai
10 Tap chi Khi tvCdng Thuy van * Thang 5/2009
Trang 6Nghien cu'u & Trao doi
nguyen, tao cac san p h i m cay trong sinh thai edn
t h i p Dd la ehua SLP dung hgp ly va cd hieu qua
nguon tai nguyen thien nhien eua luu vyc, chua
phat then b i n vCrng v l mat tai nguyen NhO'ng bien
phap da dugc ap dung trong nhO'ng nam qua mdi
the hien dugc nhiem vu gin giu' mpt p h i n eae d i l u
kien vat chat va tinh t h i n cho sy t i n tai cua cac cpng
d i n g dan toe Bac Kan, chua thye hien 6ugc nhiem
vu phat triln cua xa hpi, dae biet sy phat triln cua
nen san xult ndi rieng va phat triln kinh te ndi chung
cua cac cdng ddng dan tdc tren luu vyc
Tren luu vyc thugng ngudn sdng C l u c i n t i l n
hanh xay dyng he thing cac phai, dap de giam toe
dp ddng chay, l i y nude phuc vu muc dich thuy Igi
nhd, vl d i l u kien dja hinh khdng thuan Igi eho xay h i
chu'a Idn Cac phai dap tren thugng ngudn luu vyc
dugc xay dyng da lau, nen nhilu he thing da xuing
d p nghiem trpng, anh hudng d i n viec trj thuy, d i l u
t i l t nude Can t i l n hanh ra soat, danh gia lai nang
lye cua he thing phai dap ngan nude tren thugng
nguin de gia c l , sCra chCi'a, cai tao lai mang ludi
thuy Igi nay tren thugng nguon, ddng thdi xay them
nhCrng phai dap mdi T i l n hanh khao sat danh gia
hien trang rCpng tren vung thugng nguon, lam ca sd lap quy hoach bao ve va phat trien rCrng vdi cac khoanh Id tai sinh rCrng, trdng mdi va eae dien tich lam ndng k i t hgp theo hinh thCpc trang trai cay dai ngay
7 Ket luan
TLP nhCrng phan tich tren eho thiy, nghien cCru thien tai 10 lut va de xuat mpt sd giai phap khac phuc hau qua va phdng chong tren cac he thdng sdng sudi tinh Bac Kan la viec lam c i n thilL 10 lut xay ra trong luu vyc eae sdng, s u l i cd lien quan mat thilt
d i n canh quan v l phuang dien phat sinh va tinh
c h i t cua cae tran 10 lut sy phan hda phCrc tap eua cac hgp p h i n canh quan tao nen s y phan hda kha nang dieu tilt nude khac nhau cua cae luu vyc khac nhau d i n d i n mCpc dp va hau qua tac dpng cua 10 lut
la r i t Idn Do dd, d n cd nhCrng nghien CLPU phan tich
m l i quan he giCpa 10 lut va cae y l u t l c l u thanh cua canh quan, cae nguyen nhan sinh 10, mCpc dp va hau qua cua 10 lut, de tCp dd cd nhCpng giai phap thich hgp nham phuc vu cho viec quan ly luu vyc, khai thac lanh tho va giam d i n mCpc t h i p n h i t eae thiet hai do
10 lut gay nen
Tai lieu tham khao
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Le Duy Bdch vd nnk, 2000 Lu Itit Bie Trung bp - Nguyen nhdn, gidl phdp giam nhe thien tai
Hodng Thi Liem vd ctv Bdo cdo tdng hgp di tdi cip Bp 82001-03-09, Thdi Nguyen 2004"Nghlen ciru ddnh gid tong hgp thien tai lu Itjt tren thugng ngudn luu vuc sdng Cdu"
Ngd Dinh Tuin, 1995 Dac trung thiiy vdn quan hp nuac mat va nude dual dit
Phi Hiing Cuang Bdo cdo tdng hgp di tdi cip Bp B2007-TN - 08, Thdi Nguyen, 2008"Nghlen ciru diin biin vd pham vi anh huang ciia thien tai lu lut tren cdc he thdng sdng sudi tinh Bdc Kan vd di xuit cdc bien phdp canh bdo"
Uy ban phdng chdng lijt bao Trung uang, Hd Npl, 1997 Hpi thdo vi lu quet a cdc tinh phia Bdc
M Kellman and Taccabery, 1997 Tropical environment New York
Tap chi Khi ttftfng Thuy van * Thang 5/2009 11