T h o n g t i n khoa hoc cong nghe m o TINH TOfiN, LCTfi CHON GIfil PHfiP t)fiM BfiQ ON DjNH bd t r u via 13 1 itio than Tay ]\aiti Da Ma i In recent years, many research works have been implemented f[.]
Trang 1TINH TOfiN, LCTfi CHON GIfil PHfiP t)fiM BfiQ ON DjNH
bd t r u v i a 13-1 itio t h a n T a y ]\aiti D a M a i
In recent years, many research works have been
implemented for selecting solutions to ensure the
stability of the high sides, especially the mine slopes, of
which is the method for strengthening the rock mass In
this paper, the authors refer to the solution for ensuring
the stability of the slope at coal seam bf13 -1 in Tay Nam
Da Mai coal mine based on this trend
THS 0 0 NGOC TLfdC
KS LE XUAN THU
KS VU DINH TRUONG
Vien Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Mo - TKV
I Cac giai p h a p gia
c u d n g khoi da b d m d
Ket qua nghien eufu trUpt Id
bd tru via 13-1 da xac djnh
nguyen nhan trUpt Id bao gdm
eae yeu td t i i nhien nhU eau
true dja tang, ti'nh ben virng,
dac ti'nh chufa va tang trur nudc
trong dia tang bd md Cac yeu
td edng nghe nhu eae thdng
sd eiia he thd'ng khai thac
khdng phu hpp, chieu eao
bam tru lien tue vUpt qua
chieu eao dn dinh gidi han cho
phep Co che trUpt Id xay ra
tren toan bd theo hai co che
trUpt sau theo mat Idp tru via
12 va trUpt tach Idp trong tang
da bdt ket be mat De dam
bao dn dinh cho bd md cd the
nghien ciiu ap dung cac giai
phap sau:
1 Gia cudng khoi da be
mat bang be t o n g phun
Be tdng phun bao gdm eae
cd't lieu mjn hoae thd (cat, da
dam ) cung vdi xi mang, nude,
ddi khi them cac chat phu gia
de ddng cung nhanh hoae de
eho dd phun (Lorman -1968,
Poad va Serbousek -1972,
Reading-1973) Be tdng phun
dupc ufng dung rdng rai de
nang cao dn djnh cho cac bd
ddc da va tUdng cac hd dao sau, da't bd rdi, phuc hdi cac cdng trinh nhu kenh dao, be boi, hd chura xudng cap va hu hai Be tdng phun dae biet ed hieu qua khi sii dung nang eao dn djnh eae edng trinh ngam va thudng ket hpp vdi ludi thep, bu Idng trong trudng hpp dae biet ed the ket hpp vdi khung thep nhe, la vat lieu eO ban trong thi cdng dUdng ham kieu mdi (NATM ) *
Cd hai phuong phap phun
be tdng, phun khd va phun
Udt Trong phun khd ( hinh 1), cae ed't lieu thd va min cung vdi xi mang va ddi khi vdi bpt
ddng eiing nhanh, 6dgc bdm
bang khi nen trong dieu kien khd hoac niia khd qua d'ng
cap lieu Nude 6dgc bd sung d
dau vdi cap lieu ngay trUde khi
be tdng phun ra Trong phun Udt (hinhl), cae thanh phan khd va Udt dupc trdn trUde vdi nhau khi bom vao dng cap lieu Cap phdi cd't lieu tieu bieu ciia be tdng phun dUdc the hien tren hinh 2
2 Xi m a n g hoa sau
Cot lifu kh6 xi mang, piiu gia tang b4n nhanh
B§f6ng tron i/6t
Khi nen
Phu gia tang ben nhanh long #
^^^Mui phun
^T 7 T^ 7 r
b) Betdng tr6n Udt
\
Bom belong
Phu gia tang ben nhanh long
Mk khf nen
, J , _ I
c)
Hinh 1 Cac phuang phap phun be tdng
a Phuang phap phun kho, b Phuang phap phun udt dung khi nen,
c Phuang phap phun udt dung bam be tong
KHCNM SO 6/2010* CNKT LO THifiN
Trang 2Min Trung binh Tho
0,06 0,2 0,6 2 Min 6 20 60 Trung binh Tho
Hinh 2 Cap phdi hat tieu bieu eua edt lieu be tong phun Be tong
phun kho, vdi edt lieu thd tron canh hudng tdi dudng eong thap,
trong khi be tong udt va cdi lieu da nghien hudng tdi dudng eong
eao (mjn han)
Xi mang hda sau la bOm
phut dung djch xi mang lap
day cac Id rdng, khe nurt eCia
dat da dudi ap lue bom phut
nha't djnh thdng qua eae Id
khoan hay gieng dung nham
tang cudng dp ben, kha nang
chiu tai va ngan chan ddng
ngam, nang eao dp dn djnh
ciia bd md, giam he sd tham
nude eua da't da phan bd sau
trong dja tang Dung djch xi
mang bom phut ditgc chia lam
hai loai, don gian va phure tap
Dung djch xi mang dOn gian la
xi mang + nude Dung djch xi mang phiTc tap la xi mang + nude + cac phu gia Tfnh chat,
ty le pha trdn va dac tfnh ciia dung djch xi mang sii dung khi bom phut xi mang hda sau dupc tdng hpp trong bang 1
Phuong phap xi mang hda sau mang lai hieu qua eao khi bom phut trong nen da maema, da bien chat va da tram tfch ciing nuft ne Tuy
thude vao dieu kien dja ky thuat eiia khu viie can gia cudng, ngudi ta chpn loai may khoan khf nen hay khoan xoay, khoan dap, dudng kfnh
Id khoan tit 50 den 300mm,
chieu sau Id khoan tU 15 de'n 100m Thie't bj bom phut gdm: may bom, may trdn dung djch, eae d'ng dan, ddng hd do ap lue, thie't bj can do sang Ipc xi mang
Hien nay, ngudi ta ap dung
phd bien 2 nhdm so 66 khoan phut chu yeu: So 66 1 dupc
thiic hien qua cae Id khoan tU
mat da't, han ehe ciia so 66
nay la tdn hao dung djch Idn khi trong khd'i da ed eae he
khe niit thing dufng; So 66 thii
2 la bom phut dupc thiie hien tCr cac hd khoan, khoan tCf cac gieng dumg Idn, uru diem cCia
so 66 nay la dat 6\jgc chieu
sau xi mang hda Idn ngay ca khi cac tang dat da cd tdn tai cae khe nut thiing diing
De tie'n hanh bom phut can xae djnh eae thdng sd chii yeu: Khoang each gid'a eae Id khoan (R), luu lupng bom phut (Q), ap lue bom phut (P) Theo [10] eae thdng sd nay lan lupt
6\jgc xac djnh theo cac cdng
thufc sau:
Bang 1 - Dae trung eua dung djch set - xi mang
Ty le theo trong iUdng
Xi mang Poclant
0,95 0,97
0,90 1,00 0,95 0,98
Phu gia Gael
% theo trong ludng
0
1
2
0
1
2
Ty trong dung djch g/cm'
1770
1740
1770
1688
1660
1700
Thdi gian ngung ket Bat
dau
2*^00' 2^00'
1*^30' 2" 20' 2M0' 1h40'
Ket thue
IS'-OO' 18*^00' 11" 00' 1"0"00' 10" 00' 10hOO'
Gidi ban ben khi nen kg/cm^ Sau
1 ng.d
40
30
15
12
18
20
Sau 7 ngd
72
82
106
46
60
65
KHCNM SO 6/2010* CNKT L 6 T H I £ N
Trang 3(a) Kieu A (b) Kieu B (c) Kieu C (d) Kieu D
Hinh 3 Cac kieu neo be tdng cot thep
Bang 2 Dac tinh ky thuat cua neo chat deo
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Ten chi tieu Ci/dng dp khang nen
Mo dun dan hoi
Ciidng do khang keo
Li/c dfnh nen
Thdi gian tron chat deo
Thdi gian dong ket
Di/dng kinh thoi chat deo
Chieu dai thoi chat deo
Don vl
Mpa Gpa
KN N/mm Giay Giay
mm
mm
Gia trj 65+75 6,5+8,3 73+92
1000
8
8
25 1200,600 + Khoang each giura cae Id
khoan:
R
2Kl IH (m)
+ LUu lupng bom:
Q =
-^iP«_-3^_SCR 1.7t.a ( m %
Ln'
P =
+Ap luc bom phut:
' ' " • ^ ( a ) '
10 n
Trong dd:
k - He sd tham nudc cua
dat da (m/ng) , L '-'
t - Thdi gian van ddng eCia dung djch xi mang trong khe nurt eiia da tren doan R (ng)
H - Chieu eao edt ap bdm phut (m)
r - Ban kfnh hd khoan (m)
| i i , ]X2- Dp nhdt ddng hpc ciia
nude va dung djch xi mang
n - Dp rdng huU hieu cCia da
3 Neo Sii dung neo de dam bao dn djnh eho mai ddc
da hoae cac hd dao ngam la giai phap phu hpp ddi vdi hau het cac loai da Tuy theo dieu kien quy djnh, neo ed the suf
dung dpc lap hoac phdi hdp vdi cac giai phap khae nhu
be tdng phun, xa thep, ket cau chdng giur bang be tdng Hien nay, de ehdng giur mai dd'c, gia eUdng khd'i da bd
md ngUdi ta ap dung phd bien hai loai neo: neo be tdng edt thep va neo chat deo edt thep
+ Neo be tdng ed't thep Phu thude vao kha nang khang nhd mang tai eCia neo, CO ehe truyen iing suat tCr bau neo sang da bao quanh quyet djnh dang hinh hpc eiia neo Cae dang neo
be tdng cd't thep 6\iac phan
thanh 4 loai the hien tren hinh 3
Neo kieu A gdm dng treminne, than Id khoan thang diing dUpc phun vCfa trong bao hoac vd, nd ed the thang tam thdi hoae khdng thang tuy thude vao sU dn djnh eiia Id khoan Kieu nay
6dgc dung phd bien trong da
va rat dn djnh ddi vdi da eufng Sufe khang nhd phu thude vao ma sat ben tai giao dien da - vu'a
Neo kieu B gdm cac lo
khoan 6\jgc phun vOra ap liic
thap (ap lue phun vOra tieu bieu Pi < 1000 k N / m ^ - Kieu neo nay dung phd bien trong
da yeu nut ne va eae Idp hat thd, nhung cung kha phd bien trong da rdi hat mjn Sure khang chiu nhd phu thudc vao siie khang eat ben thiic te,nhung thanh phan siic khang mui cung ed the ke den khi tfnh toan sure chju tai gidi han
Neo kieu C gdm eae Id khoan dupc phun vOra ap liie eao ( Pi> 2000 kN/m^) thdng
KHCNM SO 6/2010* CNKT LO T H I £ N
Trang 4qua mdt dng hoae mdt bao tai
chd Bau neo dupc md rdng
tao ra chum re trong da nham
tang cudng siie bam dfnh eho
bau neo Kieu neo nay 6dgc
sii dung phd bien trong da rdi
hat min Thiet ke diia tren eo
sd gia thiet ve ufng suat tiep
khdng ddi dpc theo bau neo
Neo kieu D gdm cac Id
khoan 6dgc phun vCra bang d'ng
tremine, trong dd cd mpt loat
chd phinh rdng dang hinh
chuong hoae hinh bau 6dgc tao
sin tu trudc Kieu nay 6dgc sit
dung phd bien trong da ket dinh
tu chat den ciing Siie khang
chju nhd phu thude vao ma sat
ben va siic chju d mui
+ Neo chat deo ed't thep
Thudc loai chju liie chii ddng,
khi sii dung neo chat deo edt
thep chdng dd ngay sau khi
dugc lap dat vao Id neo, nhd
SLf ddng ran nhanh eua chat
deo da tao thanh lien ket eae
Idp da bao quanh thanh mdt
khdi, chdng lai ap lUc gay nen
sii pha hijy eiia da't da, do vay
neo ludn lam viee d trang thai
keo ddi khi lam viee d trang
thai eat LUe cang than neo khi
lap dat ludn dam bao Idn hOn
tai trpng tac dung len cae Idp
da bao quanh de ehdng lai
hien tUpng tao ndi ufng suat
trong da vUpt gia trj gidi han
eho phep lam bien dang gay
mat dn djnh, mat kha nang
lien ket giura cae Idp da Lue
cang than neo dat gia trj tdi
thieu de chdng lai tii trpng
ciia khd'i da va ap luc md, giur
cho khdi da bao quanh
khdng bj bien dang hay bj
tach Idp, dam bao sU dn dinh
eho edng trinh
Neo chat deo ed't thep gdm hai phan Idi neo bang thanh, cap, che tao tCr loai thep dac
biet, vd ngoai 6[igc bpe bang
chat deo cd hai tde dp ddng Cling khae nhau dUde chia theo
ty le thfch hpp Khi tien hanh neo, thdi chat deo bj pha vd vd bpe ben ngoai, hai loai vat chat
6dgc trdn vao nhau tao ra phan
LJng hda hpc bien chat deo thanh mdt loai lien ket kien ed
Cae thdng sd co ban ciia mdt loai neo chat deo dien hinh do
Nhat Ban ehe tao 6ugc neu
trong bang 2
li Lira chon giai phap dam bao on djnh cho bd tru via 13.1 5
-Truptid bd tru via 13.1 xay
ra theo co ehe trUpt phang theo mat Idp, nguyen nhan
trUpt 6dgc xac djnh do chieu
eao ciia bd vUpt qua chieu eao
dn djnh gidi han eho phep khi tao gde dd'c cCia bd bang gdc ddc mat Idp De dam bao dn dinh eho bd tru da tien hanh tfnh toan liia chpn eae giai phap sau: :
- Giai phap thur nha't: Ha tha'p gde dd'c eua bd md tU 35°
xud'ng 25" bang viee eat 3 tang vao tru d eae mufc +180, +130, +80 Khi dd khd'i luong xii ly tdng the la: 4.490.000 m^, Vdi giai phap nay dp dn
djnh ciia bd 6dgc dam bao vdi
he sddn djnh n =1,2
- Giai phap thuf hai, ha tha'p gde ddc eiia bd tCr miie +180 trd len bang viec cat 2 tang vao tru ket hpp neo tCr mufc +100 den miic + 40 Vdi giai phap nay khdi lupng xii ly : Da't bdc 1.684.878 m^; Neo
-5720 m He sd dn djnh eiia bd
n = 1,17
Ket qua tfnh toan chi phf xii
ly eho thay theo phuong an 1 tdng mure dau tu 182.025 trieu ddng, vdi phuong an 2 miic dau tu chi bang 88.006 trieu ddng NhU vay, chi phf xii ly theo phuong an 2 ehi bang 48,35% phuong an 1 Do vay phuong an 2 dupc uu tien liia chpn de xii ly trupt Id, dam bao dn dinh cho bd tru via 13.1
ill Ket luan
Trupt Id bdtru via 13.1 xay
ra theo eO che trupt phang, mat trUpt la tru than via 12, phan bd sau hOn be mat bd
md tu 20 de'n 25 met Nguyen nhan trupt Id eua bd dupe quyet djnh bdi chieu eao thiet
ke bam tru lien tue Idn hOn chieu eao dn djnh gidi ban eho phep theo dieu kien dja eO md eCia da't da eau tao bd tru De dam bao dn djnh eho bd tru,
giai phap 6dgc liia chpn la ha
thap gdc dd'c d phan tren ciia
bd tu mufc +180 trd len bang viec eat hai tang vao tru ket hpp neo tu miie + 40 den +100
Tai lieu tham khao •' •
1 Bao eao ket qua nghien eufu de tai" Xac djnh nguyen nhan trupt Id va thiet ke giai phap dam bao dn djnh bd tru via 13.1 md than Tay Nam Da Mai"- Le Xuan Thu - Vien Khoa hoc Cdng nghe md
2009
2 On djnh bd md va bai thai Giao sU tien sy Phixenkd Nha xua't ban Nhedra-1965
3 Hudng dan nghien eufu
va tfnh toan dn dinh bd md than Id thien Viet Nam - Le
KHCNM s d 6/2010* CNKT LO T H I £ N
Trang 5Xuan Thu - Vien KHCN
Md-1992
4 Bao eao tdng ket de tai
"Nghien ciiu xae djnh nguyen
nhan trupt Id bd tru via 14 Bao
Gia " - Le Xuan Thu -Vien
Khoa hoe Cdng nghe Md
Nam 2002
5 Bao eao tdng ket de t a i "
Nghien euTu xii ly trupt Id bd tru
Nam khoang sang Bang
Nau-Cdng ty Ddng Bae" - Le Xuan
Thu - Vien Khoa hpc Cdng
nghe Md Nam 2005
6 Bao cao tdng ket de tai
"Nghien eiiu theo doi thii nghiem vi neo chat deo cd't thep cua iJc tai Cdng ty than Udng Bf - Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md TKV Ha Ndi
-1995
7 Bao cao tdng ket de tai
"Nghien ciiu ap dung thii nghiem chd'ng Id dpc via than bang vi neo chat deo cd't thep Nhat Ban tai md than DUOng Huy - Quang Ninh" - Vien Khoa hoe Cdng nghe Md Ha Ndi - 2005
8 Bao eao de tai "Nghien
curu edng nghe va ap dung thii nghiem phuong phap gia cUdng dat da yeu phuc vu edng tae eo gidi hoa dao Id va
khau than d eae md ham Id"
TS Pham Minh Diie - Vien Khoa hoe Cdng nghe Md Ha Npi - 2005
9 Dat xay diing, dja chat cdng trinh va ky thuat cai tao dat trong xay dung - Nha xuat ban Xay diing - 2005
10 Neo trong dat - Nha xua't ban Xay dung Ha Ndi
2008
KINH NGHIEM KHfii THfiC LQ THIEN CfiC Vlfi THAN DOC
t a i mo luive (Indonesia)
In this paper, the author will focus exactly on
describing to the readers the development of new
mining methods for steep and high grade coal seams
in Indonesia and all around the world and for the
recommendation towards some changes in mining
strategy for the recovery of high grade coal as well
Sanjay Singh, Giam ddc md than Luwe (Cdng ty Victor Dua Tiga Mega, Indonesia)
I Gidi thieu chung
Theo bao cao tham dd trur
lupng dja chat, trur lupng than
tai Indonesia hien vao khoang
6,97 ty tan (chiem 0,5% tdng
tri/ lupng tren toan the gidi)
Khoang 83% tdng trur lupng
nay la than linhit va ban bitum,
17% cdn lai la than chufa
bitum va than antraxit
Indonesia la nude san xua't
than diing thii 7 va xuat khau
than dufng thuf 2 tren the gidi
Vdi tde dp khai thac va tieu
thu nhu hien nay, trCr lUpng
than tai nUdc nay chi cd the sii
dung trong 37 nam nu'a, neu
khdng md them md mdi
Than ciia Indonesia cd
ham lupng tro va lUu huynh
tha'p, nhiet nang cao, rat phu
hpp cho san xua't dien do hieu
suat eao va ft gay d nhiem Vi vay, khoang 77% than eiia
Indonesia dugc xua't khau
sang eae nude nhU Nhat Ban, Han Qud'c, An Dp, Philippines, Viet Nam, Dai Loan va Trung Qud'e
Hau het cae khoang sang than tai Indonesia gdm nhCirng via ddc dufng, chat lupng eao nhung nam trong eae dieu kien mdi trudng, dja chat, dia hinh rat phufc tap Vi vay, viec thie't ke, xay dung va khai thac
md ed quy md lau dai la rat can thie't, dac biet la ddi vdi cac via than dd'c diing
II Mo than Luwe
PT Victor Dua Tiga Mega
la mdt cdng ty khai thac than
tu nhan tai Indonesia Mdi
day, Cdng ty 6[tgc giao mdt
khu da't 3464 ha tai khu viic Central Kalimantan de tham
dd va khai thac than Trong qua trinh lap quy hoach va thiet ke md, Cdng ty da dac biet quan tam de'n nhung van de: dp dd'c via, chieu sau via, chat lupng than, liia chpn phUdng phap khai thac, liia chpn thiet bj khai thac, bien gidi khai thac, he sd bdc gidi han dUa tren chi phf san xua't va gia ban than dii kien, quyen sii dung dat eho khai thac
Mue tieu la tan thu tdi da ngudn tai nguyen than tdi dp sau tdi han, dd la gidi han khai thac ma chi phf khai thac thap hon so vdi gia ban san pham, duy tri tai nguyen than, dam bao phat then ben vung
KHCNM SO 6/2010* CNKT L O T H I £ N