Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo CAC VAN DE LIEN QUAN DEN GIAI PHAP DAO CHONG LO QUA VUNG DA YEU ROI RAC, PHAY PHA, DUTT GAY, CHllA NlTGfC Carrying out drifting and supporting works through areas havin[.]
Trang 1Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
CAC VAN DE LIEN QUAN DEN GIAI PHAP DAO CHONG LO QUA VUNG
DA YEU ROI RAC, PHAY PHA, DUTT GAY, CHllA NlTGfC
Carrying out drifting and supporting works through
areas having complicated geological conditions such
as faults, weak rock and water bearing fractures related
to high ground pressure, ground water into mines is
a very hard task The paper deals with some issues
related to these above mentioned phenomenon and
optimum solutions for overcoming them
TS LE VAN CONG
TS PHAM MINH BLfC KS.PHf VAN LONG
Vien Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Md - Vinacomin
D i t da y l u h l u h i t la lien
quan d i n phay pha, dCpt gay,
d i t da r6'i rac chCra nuac
Phay pha, dCpt gay thuo'ng
gay ra sy danh gia khong
chinh xac v l dp b i n khii da,
dilu kien Crng s u i t ban d i u va
nuo'c ngim Trong bai bao
nay cac tac gia gi6i thieu cae
phuang phap khao sat va xay
dyng duo'ng 16 trong d i t da
y l u va mo ta phay pha, dCrt
gay theo quan d i l m cua d i l m
dja ky thuat
Sy xem xet dae biet dugc
thyc hien trong t i t ca cac giai
doan khi xay dyng eong trinh
qua d i t da y l u Nhiem vu
quan trpng trong qua trinh
thilt k l la djnh tuyin, khao sat
dja ky thuat, lya chpn tuyin,
lya chpn phuang phap xay
dyng, thilt k l , va xac djnh
t h i u , cho phep tao ra s y linh
hoat trong qua trinh xay dyng
Khi xay dyng, thu thap dCp
lieu va danh gia eung nhu
giam sat cong trinh eho phep
cap nhat d i l u kien dja chit,
tinh c h i t khii da Dya tren ca
SO" nay cac thong s l dao va
chong co t h i dugc d i l u chlnh
theo dilu kien thyc t l , dam
bao an toan lao dpng va t i l t
kiem chi phi Xay dyng h i m ,
16 trong d i l u kien dat da y l u
phu thupc h l u h i t vao kha
nang cua cac ky su dja ky thuat khi thi cong va thilt k l Viec danh gia va ghi ehep
d l y du t i t ca cae d u lieu lien quan se tao ra he thing eg so"
du' lieu cho phep cac ky s u dja ky thuat quan sat xu huo'ng va xac djnh tuang quan giCpa cae y l u t l D i l u dae biet quan trpng d l i vo'i khii da khong ding nhlt la
e i n phai dilu ehinh thuang xuyen cac thong s l ky thuat trong khi dao va chong 16
1 Dat van de
Bien phap than trpng khi dao ching duang 16 trong dilu kien dja chit phCpc tap la c i n thilt nham giam chi phi, th6'i gian xay dyng va dam bao ky thuat, an toan Bien phap ein bit d i u tCp lap thilt k l ca so', lya chpn tuyin, lya chpn phuang phap thi cong, cung nhu khi lap cac hgp ding va lya chpn nha thiu
Trpng qua trinh thi cong, can co nhQ'ng nguai co kinh nghiem xay dyng, giam sat, theo doi va quan ly hien tnj'6'ng
Nhilu v i n d l kho khan phat sinh khi thi cong h i m , 16
di qua cae do'i phay pha dCpt gay Do'i phay pha dCpt gay la vung phCpc tap, chilu rpng tCp vai diximet d i n vai tram met, trong biln dang trugt vai cud'ng dp r i t eao Do'i phay
pha dCpt gay thu6'ng nam trong vong 5 d i n 10 km phia tren cua 16'p vo Trai D i t va dugc danh gia eo la tinh khong
ding nhlt cao, dtjac chia eat
bing cac vung v6 nhau Dang dCrt gay xuat hien thuo'ng la v5' elt va tru'gt djch
Mpt hier tugng dae trung cua vung phay pha la s y xult hien n g i u nhien cua cac khoi
da m l eoi Cac khii da nay it khi bj thay doi, biln chit, va khong bj biln doi hinh dang, chung chu y l u c6 dang t h i u kinh vo'i kich thu6'c khae nhau
va c6 t h i dat to'i dp la'n len
d i n vai tram met Cac khii nay dugc bao bpe bd'i eae vat
lieu dang nat, bun MCPC dp
quan trpng Jja ky thuat eua vung phay pha n i m 6' tinh khong d i n g nhlt cua no Ty le vung set m i m d l i vo'i cac kich CO", hinh dang khae nhau, cu6'ng dp cua da manh vo' c6
t h i biln thien cyc ky lo-n
Y l u t l quan trpng khae la
sy biln d l i la'n cua nuo'c ngam Cao dp myc nuo'c ngim cpng VO'I ;^p lye myc nuo'c ngim va hu 6'ng d6ng chay gay
ra m i t I n djnh khi thi cong va lam cho hieu qua thoat nuo'c
r i t kem, eae bien phap chong giCp se eye ky kh6 khan
KHCNM s o 5/2011'* CNKT HAM LO
Trang 2NhuTig kho khan ve dja ky
thuat chu y l u co t h i gap phai
khi dap 16 qua vung phay pha
la:
• Sy m i t I n djnh b l mat
• Dao vo'i he s l thCpa thilt
dien 16'n
• Biln dang do nen ep
hoae truang na eua d i t da
vung phay pha
• Sy m i t I n dinh cua cac
giai doan xay dyng trung gian
va nu6'c chay vao qua nhilu
k i t hgp v6'i d i t da y l u
2 Cong tac khao sat
Khao sat dja chat c6 t h i
dugc chia thanh nhilu giai
doan:
CO
• Xem xet cac dCp lieu hien
• Khao sat b l mat
• Mo hinh sa bp
• Khao sat ngim va thi
nghiem
• Xay dyng mo hinh dja
chit
Song song v6'i qua trinh
nay la viec xem xet ca hpe
danh nhim thilt lap cac tieu
ehi cu t h i eua dy an Danh
gia rui ro c i n phai dya tren ca
SO" dilu kien va yeu e l u cu t h i
eua tCpng dy an
3 Cong tac thiet ke
Viec Ilia chpn loai vi chong
thich hdp cho cong trinh ngam
la mpt van de phCrc tap nhat
b l i mpt so 16n cac tieu chuan
khong ehe va su" kh6 khan ve
viec djnh lUdng chung
Cac tieu ehuan de xem xet,
iLfa chpn vi chong chia lam 2
loai:
Dieu kien nucic dU(5i dat
+ Dat da xung quanh ham 16 + PhL/dng phap xay diing
Cong viee quan trpng trong thilt
k l la lap mo hinh
eg hpe khii da, xae djnh tinh c h i t cua khii da dpc theo tuyin h i m , xac djnh, danh gia cac thong s l khii
da, phan tich Crng
s u i t va djeh chuyin xung quanh cong trinh
Mo hinh phan tich hoac mo hinh s l dan gian c6 t h i duge SCP dung cho muc dich nay
He thong phan loai cac chl tieu tong hgp khii da nhu RMR hoac he thing Q do khong
d l y du v l viec mo
ta sy phCpc tap cua d i t da, dCpt gay va thilu cae danh gia v l sy lam viec eua vi ching khong duge SLP dung 6' day
Dya tren mo hinh da lap,
k i t qua thi nghiem trong phdng va kinh nghiem thi cong cac dud'ng 16 trong da y l u tai cac truang hgp diln hinh, cae loai k i t elu vi ehing khae nhau dugc d l xuat cho eae loai khii da, kem theo la cac danh gia sa bp v l djch chuyin co t h i xay ra
Qua trinh thilt k l co t h i
mo ta qua 5 buo'c:
-Xac djnh eae loai da xung quanh eong trinh
Cac thfing s6 dia ca li§n quan
Xac dinh cac loai da
Phirong chieu he l<henLft
Dieu l(ien img suat I nguyen sinh ;
Hinh dang, kich thudc va vi tri ham, 16
Xac dinh dac tinh IJm vi6c
±
Nhan biet dieu kien bi§n
Xac dinh cac yeu cau thiet kg (RQ)
; ' 1
Tfnh loan dao chong
_L
Oac tfnh cuahfthfing (SI?)
Hinh 1 Lwoc do thiet ke dao chong Id qua vung dia chat phwc tap
- Xac dinh cac loai tinh
c h i t khii da
- Thilt k l cae phuang phap dao ehong
- Lap k l hoach xay dyng
- Lap bien phap dao
C6 t h i mo ta qua trinh thilt
k l theo sa do hinh 1
Khi dao qua vung phay pha, dCpt gay, rd'i rac chCpa nuo'c CO t h i SLP dung cae bien phap thi cong dae biet nhLf sau:
Trang 3Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
; Dja chat
—
Thf nghiem
Dao - Chdng
'
1
'• Giam sat
1
-J
1
•
i
H
DO' lieu mo ta
DO lieu do dac Thf nghiem dja ca Phan tfch khoang va
Dif lieu dao
•
Hp chieu neo
Vi sat/be tong phun Vom ngirgc Ch6n nhoi Chong guong
ep vOa/thoat nirdc Djch dgng Ong suat va bien dang
\
-cac tep do lieu
i Xuat - thoat
Bien soan
ap dung
Bien soan
Sap xdp noi dung
CO sd do lieu con
Danh gia
Danh gia van de lien quan trong pham vi cosd do lieu
Lien he
cac cCra sd cap nhat
Lien he giOa cac ca
sd do lieu con
Quan ly cac cOa sd
do lieu
Hinh 2 Cau true he thdng quan ly, danh gia dd' lieu cho viec thi cdng xay dyng ham, Id
1 Bam ep vCpa ap lyc t h i p
2 Bam ep vCVa can bang
+ Phuang phap bam ep
vCea: Nham muc dieh bac ve
cong trinh xay dung, ching lai
sy xam nhap cua nuo'c ngim
trong qua trinh thi eong cung
nhu qua trinh ton tai cua cong
trinh Bam ep vii'a lam gia
cu6'ng khii d i t da xung quanh
dud'ng 16, lam tang cac dac
trung dan hoi, giam biln dang,
lam dong nhlt, I n dinh khoi da
xung quanh eong trinh, do vay,
lam tang mCpc dp an toan khi thi
eong cong trinh
Cac pham vi ap dung cua
phuang phap bam ep vu'a:
- Gia c l khii da xung
quanh ham tram, 16, tuy nen
khi thi cong trong d i l u kien
d i t da y l u , phay pha, nhilu
nuac;
- Gia CO cac khoi da xung quanh vo ching cong trinh
n g i m vo'i mue dich cai thien tinh c h i t t h i m va len chat
n i n , dp b i n khii da;
- Gia CO cac khii da xung quanh cae dap be tong d l xu'
ly cac m i i lien k i t bj biln dang do ap lyc 16'n va lau dai;
- XLP ly be tong x i p (kit
c l u be tcng khong dugc d i m len chat gay cac 16 tring);
- XLP ly nhCpng c h l ring ben ngoai vo ching cong trinh ngam;
- XLP ly cac v l t nCpt va c h l ring tai m i i t i l p giap bd' dap;
- D l i i p chen cac cac h i m tham d6 dja chit
Cae phuang phap bam ep vCpa bao gom:
3 Bam ep vCpa ap lyc cao Vat lieu c6 t h i su' dung: la vu'a xi mang thuang, vu'a xi mang sieu mjn, hoa chit, nhya Epoxy v.v
+ Phuong phap dong bang nhan tao: Dung phuang phap
ddng bang nhan tao d l tao ra vung d i t da dong cCpng Phuang phap nay thuo'ng ap dung cho cae vung d i t da chCpa nuac
+ Phuang phap tao vom tien truoc: Day la phuang
phap tap ra sy che ehan, bao
ve b l mat 16 eua d i t da Phuang phap nay ccn gpi la
KHCNM SO 5/2011'* CNKT HAM LO
Trang 4phuang phap ddng nhdi, bap
g i m e6:
1 Su' dung cpc thep, epe g l
2 SLP dung cac cpc bang
cac I n g
+ Phuong phap thoat
nuac: c6 t h i thoat nuo'c tCp
guang 16 hoac tip mat d i t
4 Tham tra thiet ke scbg
Thilt k l sa bp e i n duge
t h i m tra bing each SLP dung
eae mo hinh mo phong s l
nham khao sat qua trinh ca
hpe xay ra xung quanh cong
trinh ngim Theo k i t qua mo
phong, tilt dien diln hinh duge
lya chpn va tinh toan Mo hinh
c i n phai phu hgp vd'i dilu kien
dja chit, ky thuat Trong giai
doan nay c6 t h i thye hien dilu
chlnh cac thong s l vo'i vi
ching, nhu hp chilu ching
neo, dp day va chit lugng eua
vo be tong, vv
5 Hg'p dong xay dyng va
giam sat
Mpt trong nhCpng y l u t l
chinh dam bao cho viee thi
cong ham 16 6iecfc t i t la hgp
d i n g xay dyng, vai trd chu
dau t u khi thyc hien cac cong
viee trong hgp d i n g D l i vo'i
dy an gap khd khan v l d i l u
kien dia chit, mpt dpi t u v i n
giam sat c i n e6 cac tieu
chuin sau:
• Ky su phu traeh v i n d l
hgp ding e i n eo kiln thCpc
chuyen mon sau v l dja c h i t
• Ky su dja chit cho cong
tac phan tich va tap hgp tai
lieu va cac dy bao ngan han
• Ky s u dja ca hpe phu
traeh tham dinh va thcng djeh
cac du lieu giam sat, phan
loai, va phae thap cae dang vi
ching
• Giam sat bang eae quan
d i e c6 trinh dp t i t
• Dpi khao sat d l theo doi djch dpng
Trong mpt s l trUd'ng hgp khi dudng 16 chl e6 mpt guang, hoae dilu kien dja
c h i t khong qua phCpc tap, mpt
s l eae nhiem vu e6 t h i dugc
k i t hgp khi thyc hien va dugc quan ly bai mpt ngudi e6 du trinh dp d i t h y c hien
Ngoai ra, nha t h i u phai c6 dpi ngu nhan lyc hien trudng vdi sy hiiu bilt dia ky thuat
d l y dCi, d l ed t h i dua ra quylt djnh cung vdi dai dien chu d i u t u v l t i t ea cac v i n
d l dja ky thuat lien quan Hgp
d i n g se tao sy linh hoat nhlt djnh, d l cd t h i t l i uu hda va
h i trg viec xay dyng
6 Ho trgf tai hien trwong
ve Dia chat va dja ky thuat
+Lap ho so dCe lieu
Trong qua trinh dao 16, mpt
s l lugng Idn cac du' lieu c i n dugc thu thap Gia trj thye tiln eua cac thong tin nay phu thupc vao phuang phap ehuin bj va SLP ly du' lieu D l i vdi nhiem vu nay ed t h i SLP dung mpt he thing quan ly du' lieu co s i n
c l u true eua cae ea sd du' lieu
va he thing danh gia dugc t h i hien d hinh 2
Sa do nay cho t h i y eho viee danh gia dCp lieu dja chit
ky thuat, dja ca hpc, dja c h i t thuy van va viee thi ccng tuang d l i khaeh quan U'u
d i l m cua he thing ca sa dCp lieu nay la nd phuc vu nhu mpt cong eu quan ly dCp lieu,
va cac du' lieu d i u vao con
giai thieh v l anh hudng cua chung tdi viec thi cong Cac bien phap ky thuat cung nhu phuang phap thing ke dugc SLP dung d l phan tich Day la
he thong danh gia dCp lieu dao
Id hien dang duge SLP dung rpng rai tai mpt s l dy an thi cong dudng h i m tai Ao, DCPC
va Nam My
+ Cong tac giam sat va phan tich kit qua
Nhiem vu quan trpng dam bao thi cong dudng 16 an toan
va kinh t l la cong tae giam sat trong qua trinh dao ehing Id Trong nhQ'ng nam qua, viec do dae djeh dpng bang cac phuang phap trie dja da dugc SU' dung rpng rai Phuang phap nay quan sat duge djch dpng trong khdng gian, cap nhat cac thdng tin nay theo cac giai doan thi cong
Khi danh gia va phan tich chinh xac, viec xay dyng va ching giCp ed t h i dugc dilu ehinh d l t l i uu k i t c l u ching
k h i i da Viee phan tich I n djnh dudng Id lien tuc dugc thye hien va k i t hgp vgi viee cap nhat eae tai lieu dja chit
d l dua ra cae dy bap ngin han phuc vu cong tac phan tich I n djnh
7 Trw&ng hg'p ap dung
Trudng hgp sau day lien quan tdi vdi cae dudng Id dap qua khu vyc phay pha vdi chilu sau trung binh
Bien phap dao chd'ng doan
Id mat dn djnh tai Id xuyen via van tai +23d - khu II Xi nghiep than Hoanh Bo - Cong ty TNHH MTV than Uong Bi da duae Vien Khoa hoe Cong nghe M l lap vao d i u nam
2010
Trang 5Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Du'dng 16 xuyen via van tai
+235 khu II tai Xi nghiep than
Hoanh Bo da dirdc difa vao sCr
dung tCr lau, nhi/ng doan 16 tCf
nK55 -^nK70 thydng bi bdp
bep, mat d'n dinh do d i l u kien
dja chat tai khu viic rat phCre
tap, nydc ngam chay vao mo
nhieu ke ea v l mua mya va
mua kho, lam cho dat da xung
quanh dudng Id I trang thai
bao hda nudc gay ra hien
tUdng dat da bi b l rdi, mem
hoa Mat khae, doan Id mat on
dinh nay nam gan mat dia
hinh khoang 30 m nen mua
mUa nLfde mat ngam qua va
ehay vao lam dat da xung
quanh du'dng 16 cd dang gan
nhy rdi rac, khong c6 lien k i t
khd'i, gid'ng nhy trong phay
pha nen ap liic tae dung len
khung chong rat Idn gay ra
hien tu'dng bdp bep, thu hep
kich thydc dudng Id, khdng
dam bao kha nang thong qua
ve van tai, thong gid, gay nguy
hiem cho ngUdi va thiet bi qua
lai, gay ach tac san xuat Tai
doan 16 nay, XI nghiep than
Hoanh Bo da tien hanh xen
nhieu lan nhung hien tUdng
mat o'n djnh van xay ra
Doan Id bj mat on dinh tai
vi tri tCr nK55 ^ nK70 trudc khi
XLT ly m i t I n djnh c6 tiet dien
bi thu nho lai so vdi thiet ke
ban dau (4,25/8,5 m^), chd'ng
dpi 2 Idp vi chong, khoang
each la 0,3m/vi
Qua khao sat danh gia tha'y
day la trUdng hdp khd dao va
chd'ng do ap liic tac dung len
vi chd'ng tUdng do'i Idn, neu
khdng ed giai phap thieh hdp
thi khdng the khae phuc dUde hien tUdng tren
O day viec ti'nh toan xac dinh lai tai trpng de thiet ke vi chd'ng cho phu hop vdi dieu kien tai trpng eu the dUde ap dung k i t hdp vdi sCr dung phUdng phap dao tao vdm t i l n trudc de dao qua vung dieu kien khd khan ve dja chat
Sau khi bien phap dUdc phe duyet, Xi nghiep than Hoanh Bo da tien hanh thi edng theo bien phap do Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Mo lap
va den nay sau qua trinh theo ddi danh gia, dudng 16 da hoan toan on dinh
8 Kit luan
Viec dao ching Id qua vung ed d i l u kien dja chit phCpc tap la v i n d l r i t khd khan, phCpc tap lien quan tdi
ap lye Idn, nudc ngim chay vao md nhilu Dya tren he thing phan loai khii da cho eae dieu kien khd khan ve dia chat, ve ed hpc da theo nhilu tieu chi khae nhau k i t hgp vdi quan sat, danh gia cac tinh chit khii da va sy tuang tac khii da - vi ching d l lap bien phap dao ching cho dilu kien nay Muc tieu la tap trung vap viee thu thap cac thong s l khii
da, thilt k l dao ching phu hgp, lap eae bien phap thi edng hgp
ly bang each eung c l p quy trinh
rd rang d l ho trg eae quylt dinh tai hien trudng xay lap
Muc tieu khae nCpa la 6k thuc
d l y ky thuat tiln bp trong thi cdng h i m Id thdng qua viec danh gia so sanh du' lieu tCp cae
vj tri thi cdng khae nhau
Hien tai, trong Tap doan dang m d rpng san xult, cac
md dang ehuin bj nang cao cong s u i t va khai thae xuIng sau, viec gap phai nhCfng d i l u kien c h i t phCpc tap trong dao chd'ng Id la khong t h i tranh khdi, d day xin gidi thieu cac
v i n d l lien quan theo gde dp
t i n g quat nhlt, viec XLP ly va lap bien phap se can CCP vao
d i l u kien dja ky thuat cu t h i
d l dua ra nhQ'ng quylt djnh
c u l i cung./
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Goricki, A., Schubert, W., RiedmCller, G 2004 - New Developments for the Design and Construction of Tunnels in Complex Rock Masses Proceedings International Symposium on Rock Mechanics at the Three Gorges Project site in China
2 Likar, J., Volkmann, G., Button, E 2004 - New Evaluation Methods in Pipe Roof Supported Tunnsis and its Influence on Design during Construction Proc 53rd Geomeehanics Colloquy & EUROCK 2004
3 Thuyet minh dao chd'ng doan Id mat on dinh tai dudng
Id xuyen via van tai +235 - khu
11 Xi nghiep than Hoanh Bo -Cdng ty TNHH MTV than Udng Bl - TKV Vien Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md 2010
4 Pham Minh DCPC va n.n.k
-Nghien euU cae giai phap tong hdp nham giam chd'ng xen, nang eao d'n dinh dUdng
Id mo Vien KHCN Mo 2007
KHCNM SO 5/2011'* CNKT HAM LO