Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt md qudc te 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt trien ben vung QUAN LY CONG NGHIEP KHAI KHOANG 0 BUNGARI N H A M P H A T T R I E N B E N V U i N G Dr Eng Tzolo Voutov, P[.]
Trang 1Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt md qudc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt trien ben vung
QUAN LY CONG NGHIEP KHAI KHOANG 0 BUNGARI
N H A M P H A T T R I E N B E N V U i N G
Dr Eng Tzolo Voutov, Prof Dr Petar Daskalov,
Dr Eng K r e m e n a Dedelyanova Bulgarian N a t i o n a l M i n i n g Committee
Tdm tat: Bdo cao nay trinh bay ve tinh hinh khai thdc nhien lieu ran (than dd, nau, than non
vd than antraxit), qudng kim loai den, kim loai mdu vd kim loai quy, vat lieu xdy dirng, nguyen lieu cong nghiep, cdc loai dd trang tri a Bulgari trong 20 nam qua Cdc ca cau quy chuan vd kinh te
dd tao ca hpi cho viec phdt trien ben viing nganh md Cdc chi so ca bdn cua cong nghiep khai khoang Bungari cho thay rang nen kinh te thi truang da tqo dieu kien cho nganh khai thdc khoang sdn phdt trien ben vimg, phuc vu cho nen kinh te Bungari vd dap img cdc nhu cau ve tdi nguyen khoang sdn vai cdng nghe sinh thdi hieu suat cao
Gioi thieu:
Bungari tham gia tich cue trong san xuat khai thac rao toan cau va phat t h e n khoa hoc cong nghe rao K e tir nam 1965 B u n g a r i da la m o t thanh v i e n cua U y ban T o chuc cua Hoi M o Quoc te N a m 1994, H o i M o Quoc te da to chuc cuoc hop lan t h u 16 tai Sofia, Bungaria theo p h u o n g cham "Cong nghiep khai thac m o truoc n g u o n g cira the k y X X I " Tir nam 2004, Bungaria la m o t thanh vien sang lap cua H o i lien hiep cac Chuyen gia khai thac M o trong k h u vuc B a l k a n - B A L K A N M L N E H o i da to chuc d u o c ba k y h o i nghi (d Varna, Bungaria, 2005; tai Belgrade, Serbia, n a m 2007 va I z m i r , T h o NhT K y , 2009) Cho den nam 1948, san l u o n g khai thac khoang san tai Bungaria ngay cang phat trien bdi cac cdng ty t u nhan duoc xay dung tren v d n hop tac dau t u giua B u n g a r i va cac nude khac Chii sd hiru nhan duoc cac k h u vuc cd trir l u o n g khoang san, n o i ho phat t h e n cac cdng trinh tham dd dia chat va khai thac m d N a m 1948 nganh cdng nghiep khai thac m d
da duoc nha nude qudc hiru hda va thuc hien phat trien thdng qua he thdng k i n h te ke hoach tap trung
Khai thac khoang san ciia Bungari trong thdi k y chuyen tiep tir nen k i n h te ke hoach tap trung sang nganh cdng nghiep phat trien ben virng d i qua 5 giai doan ( H i n h 1) (Bang 1):
Giai doan 1: 1900-1995
• Bat dau qua trinh thay ddi kinh te va chinh tri
• Danh gia lai tiem nang ciia ngudn tai nguyen khoang san va nguyen lieu thd
• H i n h thanh nhung chuan m u c va danh gia ve viec khai thac hieu qua
• Tai co cau va ddng cira nhirng co sd hoat ddng khong hieu qua va cd hai cho m d i truong
• Phat trien su can bang m d i giua d u t r u khoang san va tai nguyen
Giai doan 2: 1995-2000:
• U n g dung nhung tieu chuan ciia k i n h te t h i t r u d n g vao hoat ddng khai khoang;
• T u nhan hda co sd khai khoang;
Trang 2Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt mo qudc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien ri su phdt trien ben rung
• Soan thao Luat khai khoang moi iheo mo hinh ciia Chau Au;
• Cap giay phep t i m k i e m khoang san m o i ;
• Cap quyen sir dung khai thac mo che bien va sir dung nguon tai nguyen khoang san:
• Phuc h o i lai n h u n g "^"iing da bi pha hoai b o i viec k h a i thac m o
Giai doan 3: 2000-2005
• Sang tao u o n g san xuat m o G i o i thieu cong nghe cao h i e u qua than thien v d i m o i trudng trong viec tan dung nguon nguyen lieu tho:
• G i a m sat cac hoat dong khai khoang;
• T i m k i e m n h u n g t h i trudng m d i cho nganh cong nghiep k h a i khoang;
• Su thay d o i ve dao tao chuyen gia mo - cap bang c i i nhan thac si va tien si
• N h u n g tieu chuan m d i cho viec phat t h e n khoa hoc k h a i khoang
Giai doan 4: 2005-2008
• N h u n g dieu kien cho su phat trien ben virng ciia nganh san xuat m o dugc thiet lap
• A p dung n h u n g tieu chuan Chau A u trong Luat khai khoang
• N n u n g chinh sach m d i trong nhung d u an xay dung, t i m k i e m va san xuat m d
• Quan l y chat thai cong nghiep v d i su chi dan ciia lien m i n h Chau A u
• Hoa nhap v d i n h u n g to chiic khoang san Chau A u
• N n u n g h i n h thiic hgp tac m d i trong khoa hgc va cong nghe
Giai doan 5: 2008-2010
• Su bat dau ciia suy giam k i n h te toan cau co anh h u d n g den cdng nghiep khai khoang ciia B u n g a r i
• San l u g n g khai khoang giam 18.5% trong do bao g d m 5.0% g i a m khoang san nhien lieu ran, 2 , 4 % g i a m quang k i m loai 24.6% g i a m khoang chat cdng nghiep: 39,4% g i a m vat lieu xay dung; 10.0% giam vat lieu ket dinh (Bang 2)
r.:
1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Years
Hinh 1 Sdn lupng khai thdc khoang sdn cua Bungari vao nhung nam ddu cua the ky XXI: [trieu tan nam]
Trang 3r r Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt md quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su* phdt trien ben vung
Bdng 1 Sdn luffng khai thdc khoang sdn cua Bungari nhirng nam dau cua the ky XXI
1 1990 73,50 Bat dau thai ky qua do
Bat dau chinh sach kinh te thi truang
7 2005 87,50 Bat dau giai doan phat trien ben virng
10 2008 106,20 Bat dau giai doan khung hoang kinh te
12 2010 (dir bao) 100,00 Tang 115,5 %
Bang 2 San luffng khoang san khai thdc trong giai doan kinh te thi truffng, phdt trien ben virng vd t h f f i ky suy thoai cua Bungari; (trieu tan)
No Tai nguyen khoang
2008
2009
1 Nhien lieu ran
Than da, than nau, anthraxit, diep thach, than ma, uranium
32.5 27.1 24.7
28.7 27.28
2 Khoang san k i m loai
Dong, chi, kem, vang, bac, mangan, sat, molybden
18.6 24.7 26.5
29.4 28.70
3 Khoang san cong
nghiep
caolanh, dat set, bentonit, thach cao, da voi, barite, thach anh, muoi, da chan chau, zeolite, v.v
8.8
6.64
4 Vat lieu xay dung
Da xanh, da mac no, dat set, cam thach, tra-sa, granite, cat, soi v.v
15.0 19.4 27.1
38.9 23.59
5 Vat lieu ket d i n h
D a v o i , cam thach, da dam, granite, gabbro, riolit, da basan, tro n i i i lira, travertin, da ganai,
.v.v
0.21 0.31 0.28
0.40
0.365
86.58
Trang 4Hpi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt mo qudc ti - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi sic phdt trien ben vung _
Su phat trien cong nghiep khai khoang tai Bungari
• K h a i thac q u a n g : Phii hop v a i "Quan diem ve su phat trien khai thac m o giai
doan 1991-1995" n h u n g quy dinh va dieu k i e n cho nen k i n h te t h i t r u a n g duac thiet lap
V a o nam 1990 thiet lap dugc su can bang giua quang cong nghiep co chira sat (sat,
mangan va v o n f r a m ) khoang 350 trieu tan, quang cong nghiep k i m loai m a u (dong, chi,
kem va pirit) khoang 1.140 trieu tan, quang k i m loai quy (vang, bac) 77 trieu tan tir quang
goc va 25 trieu tan tir quang xa khoang
D u a tren ca sd cua nhung k h u vuc khoang san co trong giai doan ciia nen k i n h te tap
trung, nhung k h u k h a i thac m d i dugc xay dung va dua vao sir dung cho viec tach va t i n h
che 4-5 trieu t i n ciia quang chi - k e m , 25-28 trieu tan quang dong, len den 5 trieu t i n
quang sat, khoang 500-750 n g h i n tan quang mangan T o n g so l u g n g khoang san khai thac
hang nam vao khoang 18-20 trieu tan va tren 2,5 ty L e v a B u n g a r i dugc sir dung trong v o n
co dinh H a n 30.000 n g u d i tham gia vao nhirng hoat dong k h a i thac khoang san, trong do
26.000 n g u d i true tiep l a m viec trong cac day chuyen san xuat
T a i t h a i d i e m dd san xuat m o dang thua 16: N a n g suat lao d o n g thap, may moc hao
mon, chat l u g n g quang thap su chiet xuat k e m hieu qua tir quang su t o n tai ciia nhirng
chat co hai trong thanh phan quang (acsen, sulphua, photpho, p i r r i t v v ) va su tan pha m o i
truang x u n g quanh N h a nude phai tam t h d i t r g cap cho nganh cong nghiep k h a i khoang
214 trieu Leva B u n g a r i trong nam 1989, nam 1990 la 252 trieu Leva, va n a m 1991 la 356
trieu Leva Su khang d i n h dugc dua ra la neu k h o n g cd n h u n g su thay d o i ca ban ciia dieu
kien k i n h te va danh gia diing m i i c gia t r i ciia nguon nguyen lieu tho va khoang san trong
dieu kien ciia nen k i n h te t h i t r u a n g t h i khong co su t o n tai ciia nganh k h a i khoang Su sinh
ton cung doi h o i viec phai nghien cuu quang ba t h i t r u a n g k i m loai tren the g i d i , nhung
sang kien k y thuat t r o n g san xuat, ca cau lai nganh cong nghiep m o va dong cira dan nhirng
ca sd san xuat k h o n g hieu qua va 16 v o n
N g a y nay (2010) viec khai thac quang dugc 10 cong ty trien khai: 3 mo dong
(Assarel-Medet A D , E l l a t z i t e - M e d A D , Chelopech M i n i n g E A D ) , 5 m o chi va kem
(Gorubso-Zlatograd A D , G o r u b s o - L u k y E A D , Gorubso-Kardzhali A D , Gorubso-Madan
A D , Rudmetal AD),_ 1 m o quang vang ( C h e l o p e c h - M i n i n g E A D ) 1 m o mangan
(Euromangan A D ) Tat ca cac cong ty khai thac quang deu dugc t u nhan hoa va nhugng
lai T i n h den ngay 01-01-2010 t i n g trir l u g n g quang con lai la 441,56 trieu t i n , chii y l u la
quang dong (336,27 trieu tan) N a m 2009 viec khai thac quang sat va k i m loai m a u va k i m
loai quy dat 28,7 trieu tan, trong do quang d i n g c h i l m 27,15 trieu tan
• K h a i thac t h a n : K h a i thac than d Bungari bdt ddu vao nam 1879 San x u i t phat
trien manh va sau k h i quoc h u u hoa cac m o than vao n a m 1950 san l u g n g da dat d i n con
sd 6,1 trieu tan Su tang t r u d n g tiep tuc va vao nam 1987 sdn l u g n g da dat den ngudng
38,4 trieu tan v d i tdng doanh thu dat 5.020 trieu Leva N h u m o t hau qua ciia Wiling hoang
k i n h te, san xuat than da giam x u l n g 30,2 trieu t i n vao nam 1993, bao g d m 26,8 trieu t i n
tir cac m d Id thien va 3,4 trieu t i n tir m6 h i m 16 K h o a n g 8 8 % san l u g n g than dugc su
dung cho san xuat nang l u g n g
Theo m o t nghien c u u dugc tien hanh vao nam 2000, su phat trien ciia nganh cdng
nghiep than B u n g a r i dugc dac t r u n g b d i cac van de sau:
Trang 5Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thuat mo quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su phdt trien ben viing
o Co su canh tranh v o i nhung dieu k i e n u u tien ve sir dung nang l u o n g nguyen tir;
o Phat t r i i n khai thac cac m o 16 thien than nau p h a m cap than thap;
o Cac m o than duoc phat trien trong dieu k i e n dia chat m o phuc tap;
o C h u o n g t r i n h phat trien v o i k i n h p h i han hep k h o n g d i i cho cac cong nghe cao;
o K h o n g giai quyet duoc cac van de ve m o i t r u a n g - k h o i phuc lai dia h i n h b i h u hai sau khai thac, x i r l y chat thai cac k h u virc, bai chua da thai, k h o n g k h i 6 n h i e m , co che k h o n g hieu qua k i n h te, co cau quan l y , cac c h u a n g t r i n h xa h o i , bien che
Den nay da co 20 cong ty thirc hien viec nhugng lai quyen khai thac a 17 mo vai
cong suat 25-30 trieu tan, trong do co: 3 m o than da ("Balkan nam 2000", " L e v " ) ; 12 m o than nau - ( " B o b o v D o i " , "Oranovo" , "Cherno More-Burgas", " M i n e s Pernik", "co ban",
"Vitren", "mo Parvomay"); 5 m o than b i i n - ("Mines M a r i t s a - D o n g " , "Chukurovo", "beli Bryag", "Stanyantsi"," K a n i n a " )
T i n h den 01/01/2010, B u m g a r i co h o n 2,03 t i tan d u trir than nang l u g n g bao gom: than da - 4,43 trieu tan v o i 37 % do tro, than b u n - 58,43 trieu tan v o i 39 % do tro, than nau - 1.974,09 trieu tan v o i 3 0 % do tro, than antraxit - 6.700 tan v a i 38 % do tro
Cac n g u o n nang l u g n g khac cua B u n g a r i la k h o n g dang k e : dau - 2 3 6 0 0 0 tan,
k h i t u n h i e n - 1.147.800 m 3 , condensate - 2.300 tan V i e c san x u a t n g u y e n l i e u nang
l u g n g tho t r o n g n a m 2 0 0 9 dat t o i : than da - 2 3 0 0 0 tan; t h a n b u n - 2.243 tan; than nau
25,014.8 t r i e u tan; than a n t r a x i t k h o n g san xuat; dau 2 3 8 0 0 tan; k h i t u n h i e n -14,7 t r i e u tan ; condensate - 700 tan K h a i thac san x u a t d u o c t h u c h i e n t r e n 11 m o 16 thien va 9 m o h a m 16
• K h a i t h a c U r a n : B u n g a r i bat dau khai thac m o uran vao n a m 1946 va ket thiic vao nam 1990 T r o n g suot t h a i k y nay co 18,040 trieu tan quang co h a m l u g n g uran 0,064% da" dugc khai thac Co 16.357 tan k i m loai da dugc tach ra tir cac quang uran ciia Bungari D o cong nghe, l y do k i n h te va m o i t r u a n g san xuat uran tai Bungaria da b i dong cira trong thai gian 1992-1998 Cac so lieu cho thay B u n g a r i co trir l u o n g t i n cay ve uran de co the khai thac la 35.370 tan, trong do 16.350 tan da dugc khai thac tir 31 m o uran da hoat dgng
T r u l u g n g con lai la 19.750 tan
• V a t l i e u x a y d u n g : H o n 120 k h u vuc m o vat lieu xay d u n g da dugc tham do va dang k y tai Bungaria, v o i dir trir v u g t tren 1,10 t i m3 t i n h d i n 01/01/2010 K h a i thac san xuat cung cap:
• Andesit, andesit tro niii lira va trachiandesit: san l u o n g 1,071 trieu m3
/ n a m , 343 trieu m trir l u g n g ;
D a v o i de san xuat v o i , x i mang, vat lieu, da nghien, v.v : san l u g n g 5,00 trieu
m3/ nam; 1.150 trieu m3 trir l u o n g ;
• Dat set cho g o m su, gach, n g o i , do sanh va x i mang: san l u g n g 140.000 m /nam,
130 trieu m3 t r u l u g n g ;
M a c n a cho n g o i , gach, x i mang va db sanh: san l u g n g 1,20 trieu m3/nam, 550
trieu m3 t r u l u g n g ;
• D a cam thach de k h a m , da bot, g l m su, v o i , x i mang va da n g h i i n : san l u o n g 310 nghin m3/ n a m , 180 trieu m3 trir l u o n g ;
Trang 6Hpi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt mo qudc ti - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi sir phdt trien bin rang
• Cat va da sa thach cho gach, da nghien, xi mang be tong soi va chit don: 3.30
trieu nr > san l u g n g hang nam; 370 trieu mJ t r u l u g n g ;
• V a t lieu xay d u n g khac nhu: dolomit, da granit, cam thach, da r y o l i t , x i o n i t trasa nui lira, da phien v.v : san l u g n g khoang 15.000 mJ/ n a m va con 350 trieu mJ t r u l u g n g
• T a i n g u y e n k h o a n g san cong n g h i e p : Bungaria co gan 250 loai khoang san cong nghiep T i n h den 01/01/2010, can bang t r u l u g n g tai nguyen dat den 16,90 t i tan v d i san lugng hang nam la 6,64 trieu tan K h o n g bao g o m san xuat 1.30 trieu tan m u o i va trir l u g n g cua m u o i con 15,6 ty tan T r u l u g n g tai nguyen khoang san cong nghiep dap u n g cac nhu cau ciia nganh cong nghiep va xay dung B u n g a r i trong 190 n a m t o i
Tir cac loai tai nguyen khoang san nay da san xuat ra 72 loai nguyen lieu tho, sir dung rong rai trong cong nghiep va xay dung V i e c san xuat cao lanh, bentonit m u o i mo, dat set, da v o i , d o l o m i t , thach anh thach cao, f l u o r i t , Z e o l i t da tran c h a u v v c d y nghia quan trgng d o i v d i qudc gia
Bulgari co 22 k h u vuc m o khoang san cong nghiep v d i t r u l u g n g dugc t i n h la tren
300 trieu tan ma chua dugc khai thac nhu: da phien dau barit phan khoang amiang vitrophire, k a l i , natri, f l u o r i t , bot talc.v.v
Viec san xuat khoang san cong nghiep chii yeu bao g o m :
• Cao l a n h n g u y e n l i e u : san l u g n g hang n a m 36.100 tan va t r u l u g n g con 128.3 trieu tan N o chiia khoang 2 0 % cao lanh va dugc k h a i thac tir cac m d Id thien,
• V a t l i e u c h i u l u a , b e n t o n i t v a d a t set: san l u g n g hang n a m 5.000 tan va trir l u g n g con lai la 40 trieu tan, h a m l u g n g AI2O3 la 3 0 % Dat set nay dugc k h a i thac tir cac mo lo thien;
• M u o i m o : hang nam san xuat 6 trieu tan m u d i nude va cho ra 2,0-2,1 trieu tan m u d i thanh pham M u d i m d cd t r u l u g n g t d i 16 t y tan, chiia 7 0 % N a C l M u d i dugc khai thac bang each khoan trong ham 16, pha loang bang nude va nhan dugc nude m u d i , cd dac lam
m u d i ;
• Barit nguyen lieu: tru lugng 216 trieu tan, chiia 27% BaS04 dugc khai thac tir cac
md Id thien;
• Thach cao nguyen lieu: san lugng khai thac hang nam 127.600 tin va co trir lugng
den 82,5 trieu t i n , chiia 8 4 % thach cao M o t v i a thach cao day 20 met dang dugc khai thac bang ap dung he thdng buong cdt vd" chen 16 bang cat tir song Da-nup;
• D a v o i cho cong n g h i e p hoa chat v a l u y e n k i m : hang nam san xuat 3.60 trieu t i n
va t r u l u g n g 600 trieu tan, cd ham l u o n g 2 1 % CaO cho cac n h u c i u ciia nganh luyen k i m
va 55% CaO cho cac n h u cau ciia cdng nghiep hda chat
V i ly do k i n h te, thieu su dau t u hoac la van de m d i t r u d n g m a san xuat amiang, bentonit, phan khoang vitrophyre da granit, da ryolit, sut k a l i , cat thach anh, da lira va da phien, bdt tan d nhieu k h u vuc da b i ngirng khai thac
Trang 7r r Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thuat md quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tien vi su phdt trien ben vung
• D a t r a n g t r i , da 6p lat: Bungari co 215 l h u virc co cac loai da trang t r i da dugc tham do va khai thac 0" day co h o n 110 loai da trang t r i da dugc t i m thay V i e c khai thac vat lieu da dp lat dugc thuc hien tai 50 m o trong ca nuac T i n h den 01/01/2010, Bungari co hon 227 trieu m3 da t r u l u g n g cac loai da cam thach, da v o i , cat ket, da sa thach, da granit, gabro va da dam
De dap u n g n h u cau san xuat do l u u n i e m , da co 15 k h u virc k h a i thac cac m o canxit, serpentin, ma nao, garnet, thach anh t i m , travertine.v.v dugc k h a i thac Cong suat khai
9 3 /
thac ciia cac m o nay len den 500.000 m /nam
• D i a n h i e t v a n u d e k h o a n g Co 180 m o nuoc khoang n a m tren lanh tho Bungari
L u u l u g n g nuoc khai thac len den 12.000 lit/sec, d i i cho nhu cau cua 150 trieu n g u d i
N g u d n nude dia nhiet chira k h i n i t a thanh phan nam rai rac khap cac k h u virc rdng 50.000 k m 2 d dd sau 400 m den 3 500 m , cd dd khoang hda den 1 g/lit va nhiet dd ciia nude thay ddi tir 15 C.° den 115 ° C
N u d e khoang nhiet cd ngudn gdc bien va h d n hgp, v d i thanh phan natri clorua va
B r d m gia tang, idt va B o , dugc t i m thay d dd sau tir 700 den 6.000 m K h o a n g hoa ciia nude thay ddi tir 5 - 10 gram/lit den 100 ~ 150 gram/lit, d nhiet dd tir 30 °C len den 180 ° C
• X u h u d n g t o a n cau v a k i n h n g h i e m : N g a n h cdng nghiep k h a i thac m d Bungari dang phat trien theo x u h u d n g phat trien chung ciia nganh m d tren the g i d i (Bang 3)
Bang 3 Xu hudng phdt trien cua nganh md the gidi vao dau the ky XXI
Khoang san khai thac So luong nirdc
san xuat
San lirong hang nam
H a n g nam
t a ng " + " % giam " - " %
A Quang k i m loai
Trang 8Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc ti - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi sir phdt trien ben viing
B K i m loai quy
C khoang san nhien lieu
D T a i nguyen khoang san cong nghiep
Trang 9Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc te - 2010 Cdng nghiep md tien tiin vi su phdt trien ben vung
O Solid energy raw materials
• Metallic minerals
• Industrial minerals
• Construction materials
• Rock-lining materials
Hinh 2 Su phdn phoi sdn luong nguyen lieu khai thdc d Bulgari:
1 Khoang sdn nang luong ran - 27%; 2 Khoang sdn kim loai - 28%
3 Khoang sdn Cdng nghiep - 8%; 4 Vdt lieu xdy dung - 36%
5 Dd vdt lieu trang tri dplat - 1%
Ket luan: Tir nhirng nam dau cua the ky XXI nay, nganh cong nghiep khai khoang
cua Bungari da co n h u n g buac phat trien ben v u n g ( H i n h 2) T u y nhien, cuoc suy thoai kinh te toan cau da anh h u a n g den nganh cong nghiep khai thac m o va l a m suy giam 18,5% trong nam 2009 so v a i nam 2008
Theo ket qua tham do dia chat cua Bungari t h i t r u l u g n g tai nguyen khoang san cua dat nuac co trong 245 k h u vuc m d , cu the la: quang sat trong 19 k h u v u c , quang mangan trong 6 k h u vuc, quang c r o m trong 3 k h u v u c , quang v o n f r a m 1 k h u vuc m o , m o l y p d e n trong 2 k h u vuc, quang chi - k e m trong 109 k h u vuc, quang dong trong 33 k h u vuc, quang vang trong 18 k h u vuc, vang sa khoang co trong 3 k h u vuc, quang bac trong 3 k h u vuc m o , quang uranium - 45 k h u vuc m o , quang pyrit trong 3 k h u vuc K h o a n g san nhien lieu ran nhu than nau dugc t i m thay trong 15 k h u vuc, than biin d 11 k h u vuc, than da - 10 k h u vuc
mo, anthracit - 3 k h u v u c m d , vat lieu xay dung - 120 k h u vuc m d v d i h a n 1,1 ty tan t r u lugng Khoang chat cdng nghiep da dugc t i m thay tai 22 k h u vuc m d v d i t r u l u g n g tren
300 trieu tan Cac loai da trang t r i dugc khai thac tai 215 m d da v d i h a n 225 trieu m3 trir lugng con lai, nude dia nhiet cd trong 180 k h u v u c m d v d i tdng l u u l u g n g 12.000 lit/sec Bulgari la m o t qudc gia cd m o t nganh cdng nghiep khai khoang phat trien ben virng
va cd m g i dieu kien thuan l g i cho viec nghien cuu, k i n h doanh, dau t u , t h i t r u d n g va hop tac khoa hgc k y thuat./