Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam DJu khi Viet Nam Co hoi mdi, thach thuc mdî 1051 M O H I N H D O N G C H O PHAT TRIEN M O M O T K H A I N I E M SONG C O N C H O P H A T TRIEN CAC M O K H I NG[.]
Trang 1Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam DJu khi Viet Nam: Co hoi mdi, thach thuc mdi^ 1051
M O H I N H D O N G C H O P H A T T R I E N M O : M O T K H A I N I E M S O N G C O N
C H O P H A T T R I E N C A C M O K H I N G O A I K H O I T A Y N A M V I E T N A M
Nguyen Due Hanh, Le Nhat Vinh
jeff Harris, Greg Solomon
Unocal Vietnam
TOM TAT
Vdi trir lugng khi tgi chd khodng 6TCF (170BCM), cdc md khi & cdc Id B, 48/95 vd 52/97 (Id B vd 52) thudc bi Malay - Thd Chu ngodi khoi Tdy Nam Viet Nam se dugc Cdng
ty ddu khi Unocal vd ede nhd ddu tu dua vdo khai thac phuc vu cho nhu cdu diin ndng Viee phdt triin cdc md khi ndy se phdi duong ddu v&i rdt nhiiu thu thdch nhu diiu kiin dia chdt phirc tgp, chdt lugmg khi cua
cdc mo khdng ddng diu do su phdn bd
vi hdm lugmg khi CO2 thay ddi ldm, vi
tri md ndm ngodi khoi cdch xa ddt liin
vd cdc hd tiiu thu, vd cudi cimg la phdi
thda mdn cdc diiu kiin kinh ti cua du
an
Di gidi quyit nhirng khd khdn
neu trin, Cdng ty ddu khi Unocal dd
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lua chgn mdt md hinh phdt triin md
m&i ddi v&i Viet Nam: md hinh phdt
triin ddng Md hinh phdt triin md ndy yiu cdu phdi tdi uu
cdc giing khoan phdt triin cdng nhu cdc gidn khai thde
mdt each liin tuc trong sudt qud trinh phdt triin md ddng
th&i phdi dam hdo tinh hgp ly vi kinh ti Kit qud cua viec
dp dung thdnh edng md hinh ndy se ddm bdo tinh cgnh
tranh cao cho sdn phdm khi khai thde dugc
G I 6 1 THIEU
Bat dau vdi viec phat hien khi d gieng khoan
B-KL-IX vao thang 12/1997, Cdng ty diu khi Unocal da chung
minh dugc su tdn tai mdt tilm nang diu khi ldn d Id B
ngoai khoi Tay Nam Viet Nam (Hinh la va lb) Tilp
theo dd la cae phat hien khi d Id B va Id 52/97 trong nam
2000 va thanh cdng d cac gilng khoan thim lugng trong
thdi gian tir nam 2000 din nam 2004 da khing dinh cac
trim tich chira khi va condensat dugc phan bd rdng khip d
Hinh l a : Generral location map for Blocks
Bi&52, offshore SW Vietnam
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Hinh l b : Detailed map of
study area
Trang 21052 Md hmh ddng cho ph^t trign md: Mdt khai niem song cdn cho ph^t trign cac md kjij^
3 md chinh Kit qua tinh trir lugng khi tai chd cua Kim Long, Ac Quy va Ca Voi vao khoang 6TCF (170BCM) Cdng ty Unocal da edng bd phat hien thuong mai vao thang 12/2002 va tilp theo dd la da xay dumg Ke hoach phat triln md dai cuong (Outline Development Plan - GDP) nham xac lap cac nhiem vu cin thilt cho viec tiln tdi thuong mai hoa tilm nang khi d eae Id nay Theo ODP, md dugc phat triln theo 3 giai doan ehinh song song vdi viec xay dumg cae tuyen dudng dng dan khi vao bd, xay dumg cac cum nha may dien ODP ciing da tan dung lgi the ciia
viec ap dung cac kinh nghiem phat trien md
cua Unocal trong khu vuc
Do tinh phuc tap ve dia chat va tinh
khdng ddng deu ve thanh phan khi d cac
via/md, chuang trinh phat trien md can ed
tinh linh hoat cao va cd kha nang thich ung
vdi cac thay ddi khi cd them thdng tin cap
nhat trong qua trinh Ichoan va phat trien md
Bai viet nay se gidi thieu mdt md hinh ddng
trong phat trien md nham tdi uu cac hoat
ddng san xuat ciing nhu cac dieu kien kinh
te, han che cac rui ro cho du an nhu: tinh
lien tuc va luu thdng giiia cae via chua, trir
lugng khai thac cho mdi gieng, su phan bd
ham lugng CO2 va nhu ciu khi ciia thi
trudng
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NORTH MALAY BASIN STRATIGRAPHIC SUMMARY
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Hinh 2: North Malay basin
THAO LUAN
1 Nhung phirc tap ve dia chat
Phat hien khi d cac md Kim Long, Ac
Quy va Ca Voi nam trong mdt khu vuc dut
gay bam nat ciia phin Bic b l Malay - Thd
Chu Mdi tmdng lang dgng cua cac trim tich nay cd tudng thay doi tir dim hd va sdng
tudi Oligoxen cho din sdng - chau thd ddng ben tdi cua sdng tudi Miocen va dugc phii bdi
tram tich dan xen giira tudng sdng va biin tudi Plio-Pleistocen Nam tap trim tich chinh
da dugc minh giai, trong dd tap E, F, H va I-tren ehira cac than cat sdng khdng lien tuc tram tich trong mdi tmdng dai sdng udn khiic
ngoin ngoeo Cac thi cat trong cac tap
I-dudi va J nhin chung trai rgng hon va duge
minh giai la tram tich hem vuc sdng ddng ben
(Hinh 2) Cho den nay da cd 19 gilng phat
hien khi trong sd 23 gilng khoan tham dd vdi
dien tich phan bd dugc trai rdng tren khoang
5000 kml Cac biy dugc hinh thanh do cac
cau tao khep kin 3-hudng ddc va 2-hudng
ddc tua vao dirt gay trong cac he thdng dai va
Reservoir Structural Complexity Large 3D seismic surveys
Amplitude mopping of individual reservoir targets
AVO analysis Complex 3D wells paths fo maximize the number of potential pay sands
Hinh 3
Trang 3Tuygn tap bao cao Hgi nghj KHCN "30 nSm Phu khi Viet Nam: CQ- hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1 0 5 3
hep ciia cac dirt gay cd mat do day dac va gin song song nhau Cac khep kin 4-hudmg ddc khdng phd biin trong khu vuc md Cac tich tu khi rieng biet thudmg kha nhd (chi vai ty ft^)
bi gidi ban bdi cac khep kin kiln tao va chilu rdng ciia cac khdi dirt gay Tuy nhien, tap hgp nhilu tich tu chdng chit theo phuomg thing dung dge theo bit ky he thdng dirt gay khu vuc nao diu trd nen dang ke (Hinh 3)
Chit lugng khi thay ddi do ham lugng CO2 bien thien ldn tuy theo cac ddi khae nhau (tir 2% din hon 50% theo the tich) Ciing vdi sir thay ddi ldm ve su phan bd kich cd tang chira, su biin thien ve chat lugng khi thuc su la nhimg thach thue mdi trong chien luge khai thac va ddi hdi phai cd mdt chien luge hoa trdn khi giira cae gian khai thac mdt each hgp ly
Ndi chung, dieu kien dia chat d day rat gidng vdi dia chat cua cac md lan can dang khai thae ngoai khoi Thai Lan ma Unocal da cd hom 30 nam kinh nghiem vdi hon 2000 gieng khoan tham dd va khai thae Viec phat trien cac md cd kieu tang chua nhu the nay ddi hdi phai cd nhieu gian va gieng khai thac de thu hdi dugc tai nguyen Cac khao sat dia chan 3D hien dai, eae phan tich ky thuat va cac phuomg phap danh gia trir lugmg dua tren
CO sd thdng ke phii hgp va vdi mdt sd lugng ldn cac gieng khoan, lich sir khai thac rdng khap da tao nen su tin cay cho viee dau tu phat trien md Cdng nghe khoan gieng than nhd, cae ky thuat hoan thien gieng hieu qua eao va cac thiet bi phii hgp da giup eho viec phat trien md cd tinh kinh te
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MO HINH PHAT TRIEN DONG
1 Khai quat ve ke hoach phat trien
mo
De thuong mai hda ngudn khi d 3
md Kim Long, Ac Quy va Ca Voi, bat
bude phai phat trien ddng thdi 3 mang
du an: mang phat trien md d ngoai khoi,
mang du an dudng dng van chuyen khi
vao bd va mang xay dimg he thdng nha
may dien Tinh linh ddng trong tat ea
cac mang du an tren la can thiet, nhung
quan trgng nhat la tinh linh ddng trong
cdng tac phat trien md ngoai khoi do
ban than nd chua nhieu rui ro tiem an va
tinh khdng chac chan Chuomg trinh
phat trien md ngoai khoi da vach ra
trong ODP va cd the tdm tit nhu sau:
He thong thilt bi ngoai khai d l
phat trien cac Id B va 52 se sir dung
cac cdng nghe va ky thuat da qua kilm
nghiem thanh cdng d Unocal Thai Lan Hinh 4: Proposal of WHP locations
va se ap dung cac each thuc mdi de
giam chi phi dau tu co ban (CAPEX) cung nhu chi phi dilu hanh md (OPEX) Chi phi
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Trang 41054 Md hinh ddng cho phat trign md: Mdt khai niem song cdn cho phat trign c^c md khi
Cuiiileibuir
l^
:U-• I M H I
26" X 390 km Ceiilral Proccs.s/C'oiilrol C'oiuplex
CITVI.O t'CUBS Coinlcnsate Storage
o -Mon PMvcf Ptani
CumpICK
diu tu CO ban d l phat trien md ngoai khoi chu yeu la diu tu cho cac gilng khai thac Tit ca cac gilng dugc khoan va hoan thien tir cac gian diu gilng (WHP) voi cac thiet
bi dugc trang bi mgt each tdi gian nhat de tiet kiem ehi phi diu tu Cac gian dau gieng nay dugc lip dat d cac vi tri each gian cdng nghe trung tam (CPP) tdi da la 20 km Tdng sd khoang 40 WHP va 400 gilng khai thac se tuin tu dugc dua vao trong sudt toan bd ddi md Cac WHP se dugc thiet ke de cd the khoan din 20 gilng, nhung lugng gilng thuc tl ban diu cho mdi gian se dugc tinh toan cho phii hgp vdi kha nang cung cip hay trtr lugng khi ciia cac via tai vi tri cu the cua gian do (Hinh 4)
Theo ODP, se cd 4 loai WHP bao gdm loai gian dau mdi va 3 loai gian nhd hom Cac gieng se duge khoan
bang gian tu nang hoae
gian xa lan trg giup Cac
WHP se khdng trang bi
cac thiet bj khoan cd
dinh lau dai tren gian
Ddng san pham khi khai
thac tir cac gieng se dugc
dan ve mdt cum dau
gieng d tren gian va sau
dd se dugc dan ve CPP
theo he thdng dudmg dng
van chuyen cua md nam
d dudi day bien (Hinh 5)
Cac may nen khi
trg giiip se dugc lap tren
WHP trong trudng hgp can thiet de tang cudmg va duy tri san Iugng khai thac Bing each can ddi giira kich cd cua gian vdi trgng lugng tuomg img ciia gian dd se han ehi dugc lang phi do dau tu qua mirc cho timg WHP
Gian cdng nghe trung tam la tam diem ciia du an phat triln ngoai khoi d cac Id B va
52 va nd nim each he thdng nha may dien 6 Mdn khoang 390km Toan bd san phim khai thac tir via se dugc thu gom, xir ly va van chuyin thdng qua CPP Tren CPP se cd mdt phdng dieu khien trung tam dii kha nang dl theo ddi, kilm soat va dilu hanh tit ea cac qua trinh khai thae, xir ly bao gdm ca khi va chat ldng tir cac diu gilng va khi thuong mai tir dudng dng ban khi Nude khai thac tir via se dugc xir ly trudc khi thai ra mdi trudng Condensat thu dugc se dugc dn dinh va chuyin qua kho chira dl ban He thong phat dien
se dugc trang bj nham dam bao cho cac hoat ddng d tren WHP K I can vdi CPP la khdi nha d (LQ) duge ndi vdi CPP bing ciu va khoi nha d nay dugc thilt kl, bd tri dii cho khoang 100 ngudi sinh hoat va lam viec ngoai khoi Tit ca cac thilt bi chinh ngoai khoi dugc thiet ke vdi tieu chuin dii do bin cho 25 nam theo hgp ddng PSC va cd thi keo dai den tan 50 nam ciia ddi md
De tdi uu hoa chi phi dau tu, mdt sd phuomg an cho thiet bi chira condensat da dugc xem xet bao gdm be chira bing thep d dudi day bien, he thdng be chira nhieu ngan bing be tdng ngam (CGBS) va mdt tau chira ndi chuyen dung (FSO) Condensat se dugc van
Hinh 5: Conceptual fecility for offshore field development
Trang 5Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam Phu khi Viet Nam: CQ- hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1055
chuyin tir kho chira din noi ban bing tau theo dinh ky Hien tai phuomg an su dung CGBS dang dugc xem xet, tuy nhien viec nghien cuu chi tilt vl cac rui ro cung nhu chi tiet ve ciu triic se dugc tilp tuc nghien cim cu the rdi sau dd se tdi uu hoa va dua ra ket luan
2 PhuoTig thii-c phat triln mo theo giai doan
Viec diu tu cho cac thiet bi ngoai khoi se dugc tien hanh theo giai doan cho phii hgp vdi nhu ciu vl khi cua td hgp nha may dien va nhu vay se tdi uu hoa tinh kinh te cho du
an va lam giam gia thanh khi ban Tat ca cac thiet ke ve thiet bi dugc tdi uu hda dua theo san lugng khi tieu thu (Daily Contract Quantity - DCQ) dugc quy dinh bdi hgp ddng mua ban khi Bat ky thiet bi nao d ngoai khoi ciing dugc thiet ke de dam bao cung cap dii khi theo DCQ va cdng them mdt lugng khi du phdng Cac thiet bi chinh nhu cac may nen va cac thilt bi phu trg se dugc lira chgn dl dat cdng suit 525 MMSCF/D (14,9 MMSCM/D) Chuomg trinh cdng tac va ngan sach cho phat trien md se dugc phan bd phii hgp theo 3 giai doan khai thac
Giai doan phat trien md dau tien se dugc tien hanh song song vdi viec xay dung cac
he thdng dudmg dng van chuyen, xay dung he thdng cac nha may dien va tat ca cac phan cdng viec nay se dugc lap dat, van hanh thir bdi cac nha thau cd dii nang lire
Tdm tat cac cdng viec chinh ciia giai doan 1 dugc dua ra trong ODP nhu sau:
Lap dat CPP va LQ nam d trung tam ciia md
Lap dat cac thiet bi vdi cdng suat dii cung cap khi d giai doan 1 (khoang 290MMSCF/D hay 8,2MMSCM/D) nhung cd kha nang xir ly chat ldng vdi cdng suat ldm nhat
Lap dat 4 gian khai thae loai hub ciing vdi cac dudng dng van chuyen trong khu vuc md d thdi diem bat dau khai thac
Khoan khoang 40 gieng khai thac
Cho den thdi diem ma nhu cau nang lugng tang them da chin mudi va nd dam bao cho viee md rdng edng suat dien nang len den 2850MW thi viec phat trien md ciing se dugc md rdng dl nang tdng san lugng khi theo DCQ la 497MMSCF/D (12,6MMSCM/D)
va vdi phin du phdng Trong qua trinh md rdng nay, viec tang san lugng khi se phii hgp vdi viec tang nhu cau nhien lieu cho dien nang nham tdi uu hoa tinh kinh te cho du an tdng thi Khi ma san lugng khi dat yeu cau 12,6MMSCM/D thi cdng tac khoan se dugc duy tri mdt each diu dan va lien tuc cho den het thdi gian hgp ddng PSC de dam bao duy tri san lugmg khi theo DCQ cdng vdi phan du phdng
Tdm tat cac cdng viec chinh cua giai doan II va III dugc dua ra trong ODP nhu sau:
Md rdng va lap dat cae thiet bi tren CPP de cd kha nang cung cap khi d mirc san lugng cao nhit la 525MMSCF/D (4,9MMSCMD)
Tdng sd gian lap dat trong sudt ddi md khoang 40 cimg vdi cac dudng dng van chuyen trong md tuong img
3 Diu tu- cho he th6ng nen khi theo giai doan
Viec dau tu va lap dat he thdng nen khi thuong mai chiim mdt ty le ldm trong diu tu cho phat trien md ngoai khoi Do thdi gian cu thi ma nhu ciu tieu thu khi tang them d nha may dien 6 Mdn la khdng chac chin cho nen thdi gian cu thi cho viec diu tu vao he thdng
Trang 61056 Md hinh ddng cho phat trign md: Mdt khai niem sdng cdn cho phat trign cac md khj^^^
nen khi thuong mai d CPP ciing khdng chac chan Cd 2 phuomg an xk diu tu cho he thdng
nen khi thuang mai la dau tu theo giai doan phii hgp vdi nhu ciu tang them ve tieu thu khi
va mdt phuang an khae ciing dugc can nhac dd la diu tu hoan chinh ngay tir dau cho toan
bd he thdng nen khi nay Thiet ke tdng the ve he thdng xir ly va bd tri thiet bi ciia ca 2 phuong an ma CPP cd the md rdng va khdng the md rdng la hoan toan nhu nhau
Hai phuang an tren da duge danh gia dua vao cac khia canh hoat ddng san xuat va hieu qua kinh tl Kit qua chi ra la phuong an dau tu theo giai doan hay lap dat mdt he thdng nen khi thuang mai ma cd the md rdng nang cap ve sau de thda man nhu cau ve khi tang them la phii hgp vdi yeu cau ve dau tu va mang lai heu qua kinh te tdt hom Phuong
an cho mdt CPP cd kha nang md rdng va nang cap dugc de nghi trong ODP
4 Quan Iy khai thac mo va can bang khi tro
Muc dich chinh ciia viec quan ly khai thac md la dua ra mdt chuomg trinh phat trien
ma dam bao viec thu hdi tai nguyen tdi da va ddng thdi dam bao tinh kinh te cho du an Dilu nay duge dam bao bing each dau tu cd ke hoach va theo thdi diem ma thda man tat
ca cac dilu kien rang bugc cua du an ciing nhu ciia thi trudmg Viec tdi uu thu hdi tai nguyen d cac Id B va 52 la tdi quan trgng do tinh nhay cam ve mdi trudmg dau tu va yeu cau canh tranh ve gia khi ban
Nhu da dl cap d cac phan trudc, trii lugng khi dugc phan bd rdng khap d hang loat tap via nhd va thanh phan khi ciing phan bd khdng ddng deu tren khap khu vuc md Mdt trong nhumg nhiem vu quan trgng ciia cdng tac quan ly md la phan bd san lugng khi khai thac theo thanh phan khi cho timg gieng, timg gian khai thac Chuomg trinh nay ddi hdi tinh linh ddng va can dugc cap nhat mdi khi ed them thdng tin mdi tir cac gieng khoan va dam bao rang khdng nhimg san lugng khi dat yeu cau cua DCQ ma thanh phan khi sau khi hda trdn ciing phai thda man cac dieu kien ciia hgp ddng mua ban khi (Gas Sale and Purchase Agreement - GSPA)
Cdng ty Unocal Vietnam da xay dung phan mem may tinh de giiip cho viec du bao
nhu cau san lugng khi khai thac tir cac gieng va cac gian don le dk khi hoa trdn lai thi tdng
khi thuong mai ciia toan md phai thda man dilu kien cua GSPA Bude diu tien ciia chuang trinh hda trdn khi la xay dung cac bilu dd san lugmg khi khai thac cho timg via cu the va cho timg gieng khai thac Sau dd bilu dd san lugng cua tit ea cac gilng se dugc phdi hgp vdi nhau de tao thanh bieu dd san lugng khi khai thac cho timg gian Cudi ciing san lugng khi khai thac cua cac gian se dugc phdi hgp lai vdi nhau dl tao ra bilu dd san lugng khi khai thac cho toan md ma dam bao yeu ciu ciia DCQ va cdng them phin khi ddt
va sir dung lam nhien lieu d ngoai khoi Viec hda trdn nay phai dam bao nguyen tic thu hdi tai nguyen toi da va ddng thdi thda man yeu ciu cua GSPA vl thanh phin khi thuong mai Lgi the chii yeu cua phan mim nay la nd cd thi thay ddi sd lieu dau vao cua md hinh
va phan anh dimg cac thdng tin cap nhat mdi nhit dl cd the sir dung nhanh chdng cac thdng tin dd eho viec lap kl hoach va dilu chinh cac nhu ciu ve chi phi dau tu trong tuomg
lai
5 Trinh ty du-a cac gilng va cac WHP vao hoat dong
Phuang phap truyin thong dl phan loai thir tu uu tien lip dat cac gian va khoan cac gilng la dua vao ty sd lgi nhuan va diu tu (P/I) Ty sd nay dugc xay dumg dua vao ciu
Trang 7Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam D^u khi Viet Nam: CQ- hdi mdi, thach thu-c mdi" 1057
true vl gia thanh va chi phi Phuong phap phan loai dom gian nay chi phii hgp cho viec phat triln cac md cd tinh chit dia chit ddng nhit va he thdng via don gian ma thdi
D I khic phuc tinh phuc tap vl dia chit va sir thay ddi ldm ve chat lugng khi d cac Id
B va 52, cin phai cd mdt phuong phap phire tap hom dl phan loai trinh tu cho lap dat gian
va khoan gilng Bang tdm tit dudi day se cho thay cac chi tieu dugc phan loai theo muc
do uu tien trong qua trinh khai thac cac md de thda man cac dieu kien eua GSPA va tdi uu hoa ehuang trinh phat trien md
Bang 1
; ' Chi tieu
Dam bao kha nang cap khi theo DCQ
Cd kha nang dap iimg phan khi du phdng khi cd yeu cau
Mirc do riii ro thap (uu tien khoan nhiimg noi da biet trudc)
Dam bao phat trien tdng the mgt each ddng bg
LTu tien khai thac cac ddi tugng cd trii lugng cao
Dam bao thanh phan khi ban theo yeu cau ciia GSPA
Kha nang thu hdi ciia timg gian la cao nhat
Phil hgp vdi cdng suat ciia gian
Phil hgp vdi cdng suat van chuyen ciia dudng dng
Tdi uu gia tri kinh te cua gieng (han che xuat hien nude)
Tdi uu thu hdi condensat
Dam bao yeu cau ve quan ly khi H2S va thiiy ngan
Dam bao kiem soat dugc sir xuat hien cat d cac gieng
Muc do
uu tien
Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Cao Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Thap Thap Thap
Thutir
im tien
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12
13 Tai thdi diem ban dau se cd 4 gian khai thac va nhdm 4 gian nay dugc lira chgn dua theo sir phan loai thir tu uu tien nhu bang tren Dac biet la 4 gian nay se duge lap dat tai vi tri dugc coi la cd trir lugng khi ldn nhat va it bi rui ro nhat Trong 4 gian dau tien dugc chgn ciing dua tren tinh toan can bang ve san lugng khai thac va ham lugng khi tra ciia tirng gian de dam bao khi thuong mai sau khi phdi hgp se thoa man cac dieu kien eiia GSPA Them vao dd la 4 gian nay se la nhiing gian Hub chinh vi chiing se nam d trung tam thu gom san pham khai thac tir cac gian dau gieng trong tuomg lai
Do mirc do thay ddi rat ldm ve tinh chat cua via chira cGng nhu ve thanh phan khi nen cac thdng tin ve co sd dir lieu ciia md la rat khd du bao trudc va dieu nay se anh hudmg ldn den su can thiet ciing nhu thdi diem de dua cac gian vao hoat ddng hay khoan cac gilng trong tuomg lai Ngoai ra, chat lugng khi va bilu dd san lugng khi khai thac ciia timg gieng can dugc theo doi mdt each lien tuc trong sudt qua trinh khai thac md Moi khi cd them sd lieu mdi dugc cap nhat tir cac chiln dich khoan thi thir tu uu tien ciia cac gilng
Trang 81058 Md hinh ddng cho phat triln md: Mdt khai niem song cdn cho phat trign cac md khj^^j^
cac gian ma da dugc lap ke hoach trudc se dugc hieu chinh cho phii hgp vdi cac thdng tin mdi cap nhat nay
6 Cong tac khoan va loi the ciia viec ap dung cong nghe khoan gilng than nho
a Cdng tdc khoan
K I hoach phat trien md dai cuong da dua ra mdt chuomg trinh khoan vdi nhip do trung binh tir 20 den 30 gieng va khoang 2 den 3 lan di chuyen gian khoan trong mdt nam Chuong trinh khoan nay se dugc duy tri lien tuc trong sudt ddi ciia md nen can phai cd mdt chuomg trinh di chuyen gian khoan tdi uu de ban che tdi da thdi gian dimg gian va tuomg ling se la ban che tdi da chi phi cho di chuyen gian khoan Viec sir dung ddi ngii can
bd va gian khoan da timg thanh cdng trong cac chien dich khoan tham dd d cac Id B va 52
se cd kha nang phdi hgp chuong trinh khoan nhieu gieng nay vdi cac chuomg trinh khoan ciing dang xay ra d Thai Lan Nhu vay, chi phi di chuyen gian khoan trong mdi chien dich khoan da dugc the hien la thap nhat
Theo kinh nghiem khoan cua Unocal trong khu vuc thi viec khoan theo timg dgt va
ap dung cac gieng khoan than nhd da giam dugc dang ke chi phi cho cdng tac khoan true tiep, chi phi do dia vat Iy va thdi gian hoan thien gieng, ddng thdi cai thien dugc cac dich
vu ve hau can va cdng tac an toan Cac gieng phat trien se dugc lap ke hoach de khoan theo timg dgt tir 10 den 15 gieng khae nhau Phuomg phap khoan theo timg dgt se cho phep xem xet va ra soat lai sau mdi dgt khoan ve nhu eiu thuc tl ddi vdi sd lugng, chiing loai va vi tri ciia cac gilng phat trien d moi khu vuc nhit dinh Viee cap nhat nay se dugc tien hanh thudng xuyen nhim tdi uu thu hdi tai nguyen Chinh vi tinh phiic tap cua dia chat va sir phan bd khdng ddng deu vl trir lugng da yeu ciu cin phai duy tri tinh linh ddng toi da trong sudt qua trinh phat triln md dl cd thi tilp nhan va umg dung cac sd lieu mdi trong qua trinh khoan phat trien
b Cdng nghi khoan giing thdn nhd
Mdt trong nhimg nhiem vu khd khan nhit cho cdng tac lap k l hoach phat triln md la dung hoa gitra tdng sd gilng cin phai khoan va he so thu hdi tai nguyen (phin thu hdi tang
do sd gieng khoan tang them) Vdi dilu kien dia chit phirc tap d cac Id B va 52 thi cdng tac phat trien md cin mgt sd lugng ldm cac gilng khai thac mdi dam bao tdi uu he sd thu hdi khi Vdi sd lugng gilng nhilu nhu vay se lam tang chi phi diu tu cho cac gilng Tdng ket cdng tac khoan trong khu vuc da cho thiy cac gilng khoan than nhd cd chi phi thip hon 30 - 50% so vdi cac gieng khoan thdng thudmg do sir dung it vat tu, it thdi gian khoan, cdng tac hau can dom gian va giam anh hudng din mdi truang Ndi each khae, sir dung cdng nghe khoan gieng than nhd se eho phep tang so lugng gilng len din 30 - 50% ma van dam bao ciing chi phi diu tu va nhu vay se giup cho viec tdi uu hoa tinh kinh tl cho
du an
7 Dung djch khoan t6ng hop (Synthetic DrilHng Fluid - SDF)
Tdng kit vl cdng tac khoan d ngoai khoi Tay Nam Viet Nam cho thiy cae su ed thudng gap trong qua trinh khoan la cd lien quan din qua trinh truong nd ciia set lam cho sap Id thanh gieng khoan Chinh nhtrng su ed nay da lam cho chi phi khoan tang len mdt each dang ke Viec sir dung dung dich khoan tdng hgp gdc Saraline da giai quylt dugc vin
Trang 9Tuygn tap bao cao Hdi nghj KHCN "30 nam DIU khi Viet Nam: Co' hdi mdi, thach thuc mdi" 1059
dl nay va da cai thien hieu qua cua cdng tac khoan d cac Id B va 52 Sir dung SDF cdn giup ban chi lire xoin len cin khoan va dn dinh thanh gieng
8 Hoan thien gieng
Mdt so phuong phap hoan thien gilng da dugc xem xet va thir nghiem qua cdng tae khoan ciia Unocal d vinh Thai Lan va kinh nghiem nay da dugc sir dung trong ODP Md hinh hoan thien gilng dom va ban ddng thdi toan bd cae via dugc cho la tdi uu Md hinh nay se bin tit ca cac tang san pham cimg mdt luc va gieng se khai thac d che do hdn hgp
da tang Phuomg phap hoan thien don gian nay cho phep giam mdt each dang ke thdi gian lap dat dng khai thac ciing nhu giam thdi gian chuan bi de thir via Md hinh nay eiing cd lgi ve mat kinh te nhd viec cd the duy tri san lugng khai thac cao va han che chi phi cho viec ban md via them d cac tang san pham khae trong tuomg lai Tuy nhien, cac phuomg phap hoan thien gieng khae ciing cd the dugc ap dung cho timg trudmg hgp eu the de phii hgp vdi thuc te san xuat
KET QUA KINH TE
Viec tdi uu hoa chi phi dau tu ca ban (CAPEX) la rat quan trgng trong viec lam tang tinh kinh te cho du an Tinh linh ddng cua cac quyet dinh trong dau tu can dugc duy tri nham dat dugc tinh tdi uu cua du an Bao cao dua ra mdt vi du don gian ciia tinh hieu qua kinh te da dat dugc nham minh hga cho su can thiet eiia tinh linh ddng trong dau tu phat trien md Trong vi du nay, hai phuomg an dau tu dugc md phdng va so sanh De dam bao tinh cdng bang trong so sanh, cac gia thiet ve tdng CAPEX cting nhu cac dieu kien kinh te dau vao cho viec tinh toan cua ca hai phuomg an la hoan toan gidng nhau Tuy nhien, neu
vi tri ciia cac gieng hay gian khai thac khdng hgp ly se lam tang CAPEX khi ma ket qua cap nhat tir cac gieng khoan mdi khdng nhu mong dgi va hau qua la can phai dau tu them cho thiet bi, gieng khoan de van cd the thda man cac yeu cau ciia GSPA Trong trudmg hgp thii nhat, CAPEX dugc tdi uu hda tir viec dau tu mdt each linh ddng khi tiep thu thdng tin mdi tir ket qua lich sir khai thac via Trong trudng hgp thii hai, mdt md hinh dau
tu Cling nhac dugc duy tri va da tao nen sir day nhanh tdc do dau tu cho cac gieng va gian khai thac, cdng vdi CPP duge
lap dat hoan chinh ngay tir
dau ma khdng tinh den viec
dau tu theo giai doan chi mdi
khi can thiet
Md hinh kinh te cho hgp
ddng phan chia san pham
(PSC) dugc sir dung dl danh
gia va tat nhien phai tuan thii
cac dieu khoan ciia hgp ddng
ve lai suat, thue tai nguyen,
thue lgi tire, ty le thu hdi vdn
va ty le chia lai Ket qua so
sanh dugc the hien d Hinh 6
Cd the nhan thay rang
SWVietnam Dynamic Gas Development
2,000
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10 IS Development Y a r
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-Optimized CAPEX Non-flexible CAPEX
Hinh 6: Economic illustration
Trang 101060 Md hinh ddng cho phat triln md: Mdt khai niem sdng cdn cho phat trign ca^cjndJvhLi:^
viec phat triln md mdt each bit hgp ly (khdng tdi uu) da gay tdn thit tren 100 trieu ddla
My Mdt phan ldm cua tdn that cho phia Viet Nam qua viec tham gia vao dir an va qua thul, v.v Can luu y rang day chi la vi du nhung nd thi hien mdt birc tranh thuc te ve mirc do tdn that ve kinh te
KINH NGHIEM TlT MO LAN CAN
Md hinh phat trien ddng la mdt khai niem tuomg tu nhu da ap dung d cac md ngoai khoi Thai Lan ma Unocal da lap dat va van hanh hom 120 gian khai thac Tdc do khoan hang nam khoang 140 - 150 gieng tir 6 - 8 gian khai thac va hien tai tdng san lugng khi tren 1.400MMSCF/D (39,6MMSCM/D) Viec can doi san lugng khi khai thae tren mot viing md rdng ldn ma dam bao yeu cau chat lugng khi theo GSPA ddng thdi tdi uu hda gia tri dau tu la cac qua trinh dugc thuc hien mdt each lien tuc Viec lap dat them gian khai thac, thilt lap thir tu uu tien khoan va khai thac via la can thiet ddng thdi van phai dam bao duy tri nguyen tac ve ngan sach dau tu
Chiing ta cd the xem xet va tham khao md khi ldm dau tien d ngoai khoi Thai Lan de tim hieu tai sao phai phat trien cdng nghe de giam gia thanh duge dat ra va hieu qua kinh
te thu dugc khi ap dung md hinh phat trien ddng Trtr lugng md dugc danh gia lan dau tien
la 1,5TCF (42,5BCM) dua tren dia chan 2D va tai lieu cac gieng khoan Theo dd ke hoach phat trien md ban dau dugc dua ra vdi 35 gieng hoan thien kep tir 9 gian khai thac Sau thdi gian khai thac ban dau, ket qua da khdng dat dugc nhu y mudn va cae cdng nghe mdi dugc thu nghiem ke ca dia chan 3D nhumg thuc sir la phai tim each giam chi phi dau tu va ddng thdi van phai dam bao cac dieu khoan hgp ddng Gilng khoan than nhd, cdng nghe khoan va hoan thien gieng mdi, thanh lap nhdm phdi hgp nghien ciiu vl ky thuat va linh dgng trong viec thay ddi so vdi ke hoach da lam cho md trd nen kinh tl Mudi lam nam sau ngay khai thac diu tien, trtr lugng khai thac da tang din 1,9 TCF (53,8BCM) va hon
230 gilng mdi dugc khoan themT'Hai nham nam sau ngay khai thac diu tien, boat ddng khai thac bay gid vdi 460 gilng da khoan va gin 1000 gilng din cudi ddi md, trtr lugng khi thu hdi dugc udc tinh la 3,2TCF (90,6BCM)
KET LUAN
Nhu da dl cap trong sudt bao cao nay, viec toi da tinh linh ddng trong phat triln md
la can thiet va phai dugc duy tri trong sudt cac giai doan phat triln ciia md nhim img dung cac thdng tin cap nhat trong qua trinh khoan va khai thac Cac thdng tin nay se anh hudng tdi thir tu khoan cung nhu vi tri cac gilng, cac gian khai thac trong tuomg lai Su dilu chinh trong phat trien md cho phii hgp vdi dilu kien mdi dugc cap nhat se dam bao cho viec dau tu ciia du an la dung va phii hgp Chinh vi nhtrng ly do tren, tinh linh ddng la cin phai cd cho viec phat trien md d giai doan diu nhim tdi uu hoa khai thac via va dam bao thda man yeu cau ciia hgp ddng ban khi Bing each dd se thu dugc lgi nhuan tdi da cho ca phia Viet Nam va cho cac nha diu tu
Ndi each khae, ke hoach phat triln md chi dugc xem la tai lieu hudng dan cho cdng tac phat trien md trong tuomg lai ma thdi, nd khdng dugc can trd cac co hdi cai thien hay tdi uu hoa chuomg trinh phat triln md Sir hieu chinh eua chuomg trinh khai thac va diu tu
se dugc thuc hien thudng xuyen mdi khi cd cap nhat thdng tin mdi Chi vdi tinh linh ddng