Tiiu ban Moi truang vd Ndng lugng ISBN 978 604 913 013 7 VAN DE 6 NHIEM KIM LOAI NANG DO HOAT DONG KHAI THAC • • • • VA CHE BIEN KHOANG SAN KIM LOAI Of MIEN BAC VIET NAM Pham Tich Xuan, Nguyen Van Phi[.]
Trang 1VAN DE 6 NHIEM KIM LOAI NANG DO HOAT DONG KHAI THAC
• • • •
VA CHE BIEN KHOANG SAN KIM LOAI Of MIEN BAC VIET NAM
Pham Tich Xuan, Nguyen Van Phi, Hoang Tuyet Nga, Doan Thu Tra,
Cai Van Truong, Nguyen Van Thu, Vii Manh Long
Vien Dia chat; Ngo 84, ph6 Chua Lang, D6ng Da, Ha Noi
E-mail: tichxuan(a),gmail.com
Tom tat:
Cdc nghiin ciru da dupe tiin hdnh tgi 5 khu md dgi diin cho cdc logi hinh khodng sdn kim logi phd biin d mien Bdc nude ta gdm: Chi - kem Nam Cha Ddn, Titan Cdy Cham, Ddng Sin Quyin, Antimon Mdu Due vd Thiic Ky Ldm
Cdc kit qud nghiin ciru cho thdy d tdt cd cdc khu md diu cd hien tucmg d nhiim kim logi ndng nhu Pb, As, Sb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn vd As trong ddt, nude mat Ddng chit y Id hien tuong d nhiim Cd trong nude mat d cdc khu md Mdu Due vd Cdy Chdm (>40% sd mdu), trong dd cd nhieng mdu vuot tiiu chudn cho phep tdi 5-6 ldn Trong hdu hit cdc mdu ddt d cdc md Ky Ldm, Cho Ddn, Cdy Chdm vd Sin Quyin diu cd hdm lupng As vd Cu vuot tiiu chudn cho phep Tgi khu md Cha Ddn, 100% sd mdu ddt cd hdm luong Pb vd Zn vupt tiiu chudn cho phep, cdn d Sin Quyin vd Cdy Chdm ciing cd tdi 50% sd mdu bj d nhiim Pb Riing mdu ddt d
md Cha Ddn cd tdi 43%) sd mdu cd hdm luong Cd vuot tiiu chudn cho phep
Cdc bdi thdi khai thdc vd qudng dudi la ngudn gdy d nhiim kim logi ndng vd
cd thi gdy nguy hiim cho mdi trudng xung quanh Cdn phdi cd nhieng gidi phdp thich hap nhdm ngdn chdn vd gidm thiiu d nhiim do chung gdy ra
Abstract:
The research has been done in 5 metal mine sites representing different ore deposit types in the North Vietnam including: Southern Cho Don lead and zinc mine; Cay Cham titanium mine; Sin Quyen copper mine; Mau Due antimony mine; and Ky Lam tin mine
Analytical results show that, in all of the observed mines, there is considerable heavy metal pollution such as Pb, As, Sb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Zn and As at various levels in soil, sediment and surface waters Note that, there is serious surface water pollution with Cd in Mau Due and Cay Cham mine sites (more than 40% of samples are polluted), among them some samples have Cd concentrations 5-6 times higher than allowed Most of mine soil samples from Ky Lam, Cho Don, Cay Cham and Sin Quyen sites have As concentrations exceeded QCVN All
of mine soil samples from Cho Don are polluted with Pb and Zn, also about 50%
of soil samples in Sin Quyen and Cay Cham sites have exceeded Pb concentrations In addition, in Cho Don Site there are 43yo of soil sgmples have
Cd concentrations higher allowed levels
Mining wastes and tailing are sources of heavy metal pollution and may result
in ecotoxicological effects on terrestrial, groundwater and aquatic ecosystems In this perspective there is need for safe measures in order to prevent and minimize environmental pollution
Trang 21 MO DAU
Trong nhiing nam gan day, su gia tang nhu ciu nguyen lieu khoang kim loai phuc vu phat trien c6ng nghiep va xuit khau la dgng lire thiic diy manh me boat dgng khai thac m6 Sl lugng m6 dua vao khai thac va quy m6 khai thac cua cac mo quang ngay cang tang Nhilu m6 kim loai da va dang dugc ma rgng khai thac Quy m6 khai thac va che biin (KT&CB) quang kim loaijigay cang tang lam cho kh6i lugng chit thai do KT&CB quang ngay cang Ion Vin
de 6 nhiem kim loai nang va cac nguyen tl dgc hai do cac bai thai KT&CB khoang san kim loai dang tr6 nen mgt thach thuc Ion d6i vai m6i truong va sue kh6e cua nhan dan Dilu d6 d6i h6i phai co nhiing nghien ciiu chi tilt, he thing nhim danh gia tinh hinh 6 nhilm 6 cac loai hinh khoang san khac nhau, con duong phat tan kim loai nang va cac chit dgc bai vao m6i truang lam co s6 cho viec giam thieu 6 nhiem va bao ve m6i truang Bao cao nay trinh bay ket qua nghien ciiu hien trang 6 nhiem kim loai nang 6 5 khu m6 dac trung la: Chi - kem Nam Chg Din (Bic Kan), Titan Cay Cham (Thai Nguyen), D6ng Sin Quyin (Lao Cai), Antimon Mau Due (Ha Giang) va Thiic Ky Lam (Tuyen Quang) Day la kit qua cua dl tai KHCN cap Nha nuoc ma s6 KC.08.27/06-10 do cac tac gia thuc hien
2 DAC DIEM THANH PHAN VAT CHAT
VA TINH HINH KT&CB K H O A N G S A N KIM LOAI TAI CAC MO
Cac m6 dugc lira chgn nghien cuu c6 dac diem dia chat, thanh phan vat chat rat khac nhau, nhung deu co diem chung la ngoai cac thanh phan quang chinh, thuong chiia cac khoang vat nhom sulfid nhu pyrit, pyrotin v.v Cac da chua quang va da vay quanh cung rat
da dang: O m6 D6ng Sinh Quyen chiing la cac da bien chat den tuong epidot-amphibolit cua
he tang Sinh Quyen (PP^q-) g6m da phien hai mica, da phien thach anh hai mica chua graphit xen kep cac lop da phien thach anh- graphit, da phien thach anh - felspat - biotit, amphibolit [3]; O m6 Antimon Mau Due, cac than quang phan b6 chu yeu trong cac da tram tich luc
nguyen cua he tang S6ng Hien (J\sh) g6m cat ket, da phien set than, phien sericit va cac thau
kinh da v6i [1] Cac mach nhiet dich chua thiec 6 m6 Ky Lam nam trong cac da thuoc be tang
Phia Phuang (J^\pp) g6m da phien sericit, quaczit, da v6i [11, 12]; O m6 Titan Cay Cham,
quang boa gan lien voi kh6i xam nhap mafic-sieu mafic kh6i Niii Chiia (gabro, gabro-norit, dunit v.v ) [2, 6]; Khac voi cac m6 tren, khoang h6a chi - kem 6 Nam Chg D6n nam trong da v6i ciia he tang C6c X6 [8, 9] Dac diem thanh phan khoang vat cua cac m6 dugc trinh bay trong bang 1 Phan Ion cac m6 moi di vao boat dgng trong khoang 10 nam va hau bet khai thac 16 thien, ngoai tru m6 Chi - kem Nam Chg D6n khai thac ket hgp gifta 16 thien va ham 16
va mo thiec Ky Lam khai thac bang ham 16 quy m6 nh6 Ngoai m6 Antimon Mau Due quang dugc dua thang vao 16 luyen, 6 cac m6 khac quang deu qua c6ng doan tuyen, trong do cac m6 D6ng Sin Quyin va Chi - kem Nam Chg D6n su dung phuong phap tuyen n6i, con cac m6 Titan Cay Cham va Thiec Ky Lam sir dung phuang phap trgng lire
Bdng 1: Thdnh phdn khodng vdt cua qudng vd cdc dd chua qudng d cdc khu md
Md
Nam
Ch9' Don
(Pb-Zn)
Cay
Cham
TP khodng vdt
Quang sulfid
Quang oxyt
Da mach, da vay quanh
QuSn^ nguyen sinh
Khodng vdt chinh
sphalerit, galenit, pyrit zinkit, smitsonit, calamin, anglezit, limonit, psilomeian thach anh, calcit
titanomagnetitj ilmenit, pyrit
Khodng vdt phu
pyrotin, chancopyrit
clorit magnetit, pyrotin,
Khodng vdt it gap
pentlandit, chancopyrit, galenit,
Trang 3Mo
(Ti)
Sinh
Quyen
(Cu)
Mau
Due (Sb)
Ky Lam
(Sn)
TP khodng vdt
Khoang vat thii sinh
Da vay quanh
Quang nguyen sinh
Quang thii sinh
Da mach, da vay
quanh
Quang nguyen sinh
Quang thij sinh
Da mach, da vay
quanh
Quang nguyen sinh
Quang thu sinh
Da mach, da vay
quanh
Khodng vdt chinh
cericit, chlorit, calcit Pigneonit, Diopcit, hedenbergit, Enstantit, ferocilit, Thach anh chancopyrit, Pyrotin, magnetit, pyrit goetit, hydrogoetit thach anh, granat, biotit
antimonit
limonit, valentinit, stibiconit, lewisit
thach anh, calcit arsenopyrit, pyrit, pyrotin, casiterit, chancopyrit limonit
thach anh, turmalin
Khodng vdt phu
melnicovit, orthit, rutin, ilmenit, sphalerit, etc malachit, azurit hedenbergit, apatit
ilmenit, pyrit, magnetit
ilmemit, magnetit
Khodng vdt it gap
sphalerit
molibdenit, galenit, cobantin, saflonit, etc
sfen, clorit, calcit arsenopyrit, sphalerit, chancopyrit, berthierit
3 PHLTONG P H A P NGHIEN CUtJ
Cac mau nuoc mat (bao g6m nuoc thai tu m6, nuoc ao h6, nuac su6i va nuac rugng liia) dugc lay va bao quan theo cac quy chuan va tieu chuan hien hanh Nuoc dugc lay va bao quan trong chai nhua PE va dugc xu ly bang dung dich axit HNO3 truoc khi dong chai
Cac mau nuoc ngam chu yeu dugc lay tu cac gieng dao, trong mgt sl truang hgp la gilng khoan UNICEF 6 khu vuc lan can voi m6 theo quy chuan hien hanh
Cac mau dat dugc lay theo quy chuan hien hanh, chu yeu dugc liy 6 ting mat vai khIi lugng 0,5kg, bao quan va van chuyen trong tiii nilon hai lop
Do pH cua nuoc dugc do true tiep tai hien truang bing may do pH SENSION 1 (HATCH
- My) Ham lugng kim loai nang trong nuoc va trong dit dugc xac dinh bing phuong phap phi khIi plasma (ICP-MS) tai phong phan tich ICP-MS Vien Dia chit - Vien KHCNVN
4 KET QUA VA B A N LUAN 4.1 Su tao dong thai acid
Cac ket qua nghien ciiu, cho thay trong nhilu m6 co hien tugng tao d6ng thai acid ro ret
- Tgi md Titan Cdy Chdm, kit qua do pH tai dong thai tir moong khai thac quang glc cua
C6ng ty XNK Thai Nguyen cho thiy, ca 2 mua mua va kh6 diu c6 bilu hien dong thai acid voi
do pH CO sir khac biet gifta 2 mua, song dong thai acid nhin chung dugc duy tri tren mgt khoang each kha xa (Hinh 1): Vl mua mua d6ng thai co do pH thip, khoang 3,49 din 4,93 Tai dilm each
Trang 4moong khai thac > 1600m, pH trong d6ng thai van thap hon 5 Gia tri pH tuong ling ve mua kh6,
la khoang 4,16 den 7,83 va tai diem each moong khai thac 1600m, do pH ~ 7
Cac thi nghiem danh gia kha nang phat sinh acid cua bai thai khai thac titan thuc hien trong mua kh6 (theo phuang phap pH paste) [10, 11, 15] cho thiy: dit da thai trong qua trinh
ma moong tao ra cac gia tri pH tu 2, 18 den 5,19; dat da va quang tai moong dang khai thac cho pH tu 1,34 den 5,01 Nhu vay c6 the thay, mac du pH trong dong thai vl miia kh6 tuong d6i cao, nhung kha nang sinh acid cua dat da bai thai cung nhu quang la rit Ion
- Tgi md Antimon Mdu Due, tai vi tri each moong khai thac 1500m, vl miia mua do pH
trong dong thai lu6n thap hon 5.0, nh6 nhat dat 3,78 (Hinh 2) Gang ve culi nguln dong thai cang tro nen trung tinh va tai noi gap nhau voi s6ng Nhiem gia tri pH dat toi 6,32, con nuoc s6ng Nhiem co do pH la 7,3 Ve mua kh6, cung tren khoang each do, do pH dao dong trong khoang 3,39 den 6,15, phan Ion dao dgng quanh gia tri 5,0 Mac du kh6ng c6 sir khac biet lan, nhung nhin chung ve mua kh6 cac mau thuang co gia tri pH cao hon so voi mua mua Dieu nay cung hoan toan tuong tu nhu d6i voi khu vuc m6 titan Cay Cham
8
7
6
1 5
4
3
2
•
i
3
( " • • •
•
200 400 600 eOO 1000
Khoing c i c h (m|
M
1200 1400
*
-1600
•' ' Mua kh6 1
-Mua mi/a -MuakhA
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Khoing cttch (m)
Hinh 1: Biiu dd biin ddi pH trong ddng thdi
tgi md titan Cdy Chdm
Hinh 2: Bieu dd bien ddi pH trong ddng thdi
tai md antimon Mdu Dui
- Tgi md Thiic Ky Ldm, ve mua mua dong thai tir khu khai thac quang sa khoang va
xu6ng tuyen c6 do pH khoang 4,2 den 8,08, trong do s6 mau c6 pH < 5 chiem 30% Ve mua kh6 do pH dao dgng trong khoang 4,86 den 7,64, tuy nhien chi c6 6% s6 mau co pH duoi 5 Nhin chung hien tugng tao dong acid 6 khu m6 nay kh6ng ro ret do 6 day chu yeu la khai thac lai cac bai thai, phan Ion la quang eluvi, cac khoang vat quang da bi phong boa gan nhu hoan toan, trong khi d6 lugng quang g6c rat nh6 va dugc dua ve nghien dai ciing quang eluvi
- Tgi md Ddng Sin Quyin, vl mua mua do pH cua dong thai dao dgng trong khoang 3,69
din 7,51, trong d6 sl mau c6 pH < 5 chilm gin 25% Tuy nhien phan Ion cac mau c6 pH < 5
la cac miu nuoc ro ri tu cac bai thai Nuoc trong h6 thai quang du6i co pH trung tinh, tham chi hoi kiem do c6 sir b6 sung cac chat trung boa axit trong qua trinh tuyen
- O khu md Chi - kem Nam Chp Ddn, tit ca cac mau dong thai tu bai thai cua mo Pii Sap
va Na Bip diu co gia trj tu trung tinh den kiem, ke ca mau nuoc tai bai thai quang du6i va dong thai tu xuong tuyIn cua C6ng ty CP Khoang san Bac Kan (pH toi 8,08) Hien tugng ving mat sir tao d6ng thai acid 6 khu m6 Nam Chg D6n la do da vay quanh la da v6i co tac dung trung boa acid trong qua trinh oxy boa quang sulfid Ngoai ra, trong qua trinh tuyen quang nguai ta con them voi de trung hoa
Nhu vay, trong truang hgp cac da chua quang va da vay quanh la nhftng loai c6 kha nang trung h6a axit kem nhu da phien, da magma v.v su tao dong acid m6 bieu hien kha ro C) nhftng noi ma da chiia quang va da vay quanh co kha nang trung boa acid t6t, chang ban da v6i nhu truang hgp 6 Nam Chg D6n, kha nang xuat hien dong acid thap Nhin chung, ve miia mua
Trang 5do pH cua cac d6ng thai tu cac bai thai thuang thip hon so voi mua kh6 Dieu nay co the dugc
ly giai nhu sau: Trong cac khoang rong trong dit da va quang thai lu6n chua mgt lugng nuoc ggi la "nuoc gifta cac hat" vai do acid cao (pH thip), co the thiy ro qua cac thi nghiem kha nang tao acid m6 ta 6 tren Vl mua mua, do co lugng nuac mua Ion keo theo nuac 16 r6ng trong dit da thai tao d6ng thai c6 do pH thip (d6ng acid); Vl mua kh6, do lugng mua thap, phin lan "nuac gifta cac hat" van nim lai trong dit da thai dan din do pH dong thai cao ban
Su hinh thanh dong thai acid m6 la do trong qua trinh khai thac va tuyIn quang da dua cac khoang vat quang len bl mat dl dang tilp xiic voi kh6ng khi va nuac, khi d6 t6 hgp cac khoang vat trong bai thai nim trong dilu kien khong can bing vai m6i truong oxy hoa, qua trinh phong hoa h6a hgc va biin dli khoang vat ngay lap tuc xay ra Phan ung oxy h6a cac khoang vat, dac biet la sulfid khi tilp xiic vai oxy va nuoc sinh ra acid va c6 the tao d6ng thai acid
Phan ling oxy boa sulfid kim loai c6 thi vilt duoi dang t6ng quat nhu sau [10, 13, 14, 15,16]:
MxSy + O2 + H2O -^ xM"^ + yS04^" + zH^
Ngoai ra, qua trinh biin dli ion Fe^"^ (mgt trong nhung ion phi biin nhit) cung g6p phan tao m6i truong acid theo phan ling sau :
4 Fe^^ + 12 H2O ^ 4 Fe(0H)3 + 12 H^
Cac phan ling nay sinh ra acid H2SO4 la mgt acid manh, co kha nang h6a tan cac kim loai nang va cac chit dgc hai co the gay 6 nhilm khi xam nhap vao m6i truong
4.2 Ham luoTig mot so kim loai nang trong nude mat
Ham lugng kim loai nang trong nuac mat tai cac khu m6 dugc trinh bay trong bang 2 va dugc the hien tren bieu d6 hinh (Hinh 3)
Bdng 2: Hdm lupng kim logi ndng trong nude mat d mdt sd khu KT&CB khodng sdn kim logi
Dia diem
Cay Cham
Mau Due
Sin Quyen
Ky Lam
Chg Din
Sd luang
mdu
55
50
50
45
55
QCVN 08:2008 (cot Bl)
Hdm luang (mg/l)
TB Max Min
TB Max Min
TB Max Min
TB Max Min
TB Max Min
Cu
1.2806
4.3550
0.0030 0.1342
1.2172
0.0050 0.6636
5.5000
0.0016 0.0678 0.5195 0.0024 0.0033 0.0113 0.0004
0.5
Ni
0.5823
1.6020
0.0050 1.4591
4.8737
0.0038 0.5439
5.9347
0.0010 0.0189 0.1148 0.0021 0.0094 0.0178 0.0032
0.1
Zn
1.2216 3.6870 0.0030 3.6882
27.2711
0.0060 0.7638
9.1878
0.0040 0.0529 0.3726 0.0051 0.5853
8.2875
0.0010
1.5
Cd
0.0408
0.1180
0.0030 0.0445
0.1270
0.0001 0.0056
0.0657
0.0001 0.0007 0.0083 0.0001 0.0038
0.0538
0.0001
0.01
Pb
0.0207 0.0440 0.0030 0.0078
0.1369
0.0005 0.0010 0.0044 0.0001 0.0100 0.1354 0.0002 0.0323
0.1958
0.0004
0.05
Ghi chu: TB - Gid tri trung binh Max - Gid tri lan nhdt; Min - Gid tri nhd nhdt
Trang 635.0
30.0
Ol
E 25.0
Q
+ 20.0
•D
o
+ 10.0
3
o 5.0
0.0
•
A
A A
•
• A
* •
)C J R —
X
• 1 1
• Cay Cham j
• Mau Due ; ASinQuy^n ,
X Ky Lam
X C h o B i n
pH
Hinh 3: Hdm luang kim logi ndng trong nude mat d mdt sd khu md khodng sdn kim logi
Co the thay rat ro tuong quan gifta pH va ham lugng cac kim loai nang hoa tan Nhin chung, ham lugng kim loai nang trong nuoc mat tang cao khi do pH giam (Hinh 3) Ting ham lugng cac kim loai nang Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd va Pb cao hon ca tai cac khu m6 titan Cay Cham, antomon Mau Due va d6ng Sin Quyen Trong nuoc mat 6 cac m6 chi - kem Nam Chg D6n va Ky Lam ham lugng kim loai nang nhin chung tuong d6i thap Dang chii y la hien tugng 6 nhiem Cd trong nuac mat 6 cac khu m6 Cay Cham va Mau Due, trong d6 co nhiing mau c6 ham lugng Cd cao gap ban
10 lan muc cho phep C) cac mo Nam Chg D6n va Mau Due nuoc mat co bilu hien 6 nhiem Zn va
Pb, trong d6 c6 nhirng mlu co ham lugng Zn cao gap gan 20 lan (bang 2)
4.3 Ham luong kim loai nang trong nude ngam
Nhin chung trong cac mau nuoc ngam da phan tich chua phat bien 6 nhiem kim loai nang dang ke Chi c6 03 mau nuoc gieng 6 khu vuc Nam Chg D6n phat hien dugc 6 nhiem Pb, trong do CO 1 mau duy nhat c6 ham lugng Pb dat 1,92%)
4.4 Ham luong kim loai nang trong dat
Ham lugng mgt s6 kim loai nang trong dat dugc tinh bay trong bang 3 va tren hinh 4
Bdng 3: Hdm lupmg mot sd kim logi ndng trong ddt d mdt sd khu KT&CB khodng sdn kim logi
Dia diem
Cay Cham
Mau Due
Sin Quyen
So luang
mdu
50
50
45
Hdm luang (mg/l)
TB Max Min
TB Max Min
TB Max
Cu
172.19
839.55
18.17 79.73
172.70
48.16 326.95
2252.21
Zn
472.29 1484.92 107.78 242.27 445.10 134.61 149.06 233.66
As
280.22
1734.50
15.36 60.62 117.72 32.80 27.47 45.06
Cd
1.24 5.52 0.001 0.89 4.14 0.22 0.31 0.60
Pb
612.07 3121.04 10.14 55.78 127.69 36.72 31.66 56.74
Trang 7Dia diem
Ky Lam
Chg Din
Sd luang
mdu
50
55
QCVN 03:2008
Hdm luang (mg/l)
Min
TB Max Min
TB Max Min
Cu
26.12 234.71
928.18
53.42 183.36
575.97
6.53
50.00
Zn i-i.ix
183.49 267.86 115.91 1006.68 11103.73 192.15
200.00
As
5.74 479.13
5785.22
20.98 383.55 1996.37 13.66
12.00
Cd
0.13 0.31
0.94
0.12 2.30
28.39
0.17
2.00
Pb
17.68 71.85 166.57 34.19 1931.00 23559.03 26.88
70.00
Tu bang 3 va hinh 4 co the thay hau hit cac mau dit diu c6 ham lugng As vugt muc cho phep, trong do co nhirng mau vugt toi gin 500 lin (mo Ky Lam) Nhilu kim loai nang cung
CO ham lugng vugt tieu chuan cho phep trong nhilu mlu Hiu hit cac mau 6 cac m6 co ham lugng Cu va Zn vugt tieu chuin cho phep, trong d6 100%) mau a Cay Cham co ham lugng Cu vugt tieu chuin cho phep Dang chii y, dit 6 khu vuc m6 Chg D6n co su 6 nhilm Cd kha nghiem trgng, 100%) sl mau co ham lugng Cd cao hon muc cho phep, trong do co miu vugt tai gan 15 lin Ngoai ra mgt s6 miu 6 Cay Cham va Mau Due cung co ham lugng Cd cao hon muc cho phep Hon mgt nira sl miu 6 cac khu m6 Cay Cham va Chg D6n c6 ham lugng Pb cao ban muc cho phep Trong d6 6 khu mo Chg D6n c6 mau ham lugng Pb dat 23559.0 mg/kg Tuy nhien, ham lugng Pb cao trong mau dit 6 khu m6 Nam Chg D6n c6 thi con la kit qua cua qua trinh phong boa tu nhien quang Pb-Zn hoac cac da mang quang [5]
Co the thiy, tai cac mo Cay Cham, Mau Due, Sin Quyin va Ky Lam co thi thiy rit ro sir
6 nhiem As va mgt s6 kim loai nang trong dit bl mat la kit qua cua qua trinh phat tan kim loai nang do cac boat dgng khai thac va chi biin khoang san gay ra Rieng khu m6 Chg Din, nhu da n6i, ham lugng Pb va Zn va co thi mgt sl kim loai nang khac di cung trong dit cao ngoai nguyen nhan do khai thac va tuyIn quang chi - kem gay ra con co nguyen nhan la qua trinh phong h6a tu nhien quang va cac da chua quang vi lap dit mat dugc hinh thanh ngay tren khu vuc quang boa va cac vung lan can
B Cay Cham
a Mau Due
B Ky Lam E3 Sin Quy^n
• C h a 0 6 n
Hinh 4: Biiu dd ty li hdm lupmg kim logi ndng trong ddt d mot
sd khu md kim logi vuot TCCP
Trang 85 KET LUAN 1) 6 cac m6 ma da chua quang va cac da vay quanh co kha nang trung h6a acid kem da tao ra dong acid m6 kha ro net va dugc duy tri theo cac d6ng chay mat tren mgt khoang each kha Ion, c6 khi toi hang km Ngugc lai, 6 cac m6 chang ban nhu Nam Chg D6n, quang hoa nam trong m6i truong crbonat c6 kha nang trung hoa cac acid cao, d6ng thai acid m6 it co kha nang xuat hien
2) Trong nuoc mat a hau het cac khu m6 deu c6 bieu hien 6 nhiem kim loai nang, trong d6 dang chii y la sir 6 nhiem Cd tai cac khu m6 antimon Mau due va titan Cay Cham
3) M6i truong dat 6 tat ca cac khu mo kim loai deu c6 bieu hien 6 nhiem As va kim loai nang, trong d6 hau bet cac mau dat co ham lugng As va Cu vugt tieu chuan cho phep Tai khu
mo Nam Chg D6n hau bet cac mau dat deu co ham lugng Pb va Zn vugt tieu chuan cho phep Ngoai ra trong cac mau dat 6 Mau Due va Nam Chg D6n c6 bieu hien 6 nhiem Cd
4) Cac bai thai khai thac va che bien quang chinh la ngu6n gay 6 nhiem kim loai nang trong m6i truang Tuy nhien, thanh phan kim loai nang va miic do 6 nhiem con tuy thuoc vao nhilu ylu t l nhung quan trgng nhat la kieu m6, dac diem thanh phan vat chat cua quang va cac da chua quang, hinh thuc khai thac, che bien va tao bai thai
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