U''''NG DUNG MO HJNH TJNH LAN T6A 6 NHliM KHONG KHI TU" DU''''QNG PH6 OSPM O^ XAC OjNH HE S6 PHAT THAI TRUNG BiNH CUA CAC DONG XE TAI HA NOl NCS ThS Ngo Thg Hung Vign Mdi trudng Quie gia Dan Maeh, Dai hgc A[.]
Trang 1U'NG DUNG MO HJNH TJNH LAN T 6 A 6 NHliM KHONG KHI
TU" DU'QNG P H 6 OSPM O^ XAC OjNH HE S6 PHAT THAI
TRUNG BiNH CUA CAC DONG XE TAI HA NOl
NCS.ThS Ngo Thg Hung
Vign Mdi trudng Quie gia Dan Maeh, Dai hgc Aarhus
vS Khoa Mdi tn/dng, Dai hgc Roskilde, Dan Maeh
PGS.TS BulSyLy
Vidn Khoa hgc & Ky thuSt Mdi trudng Trudng Dai hgc XSy dung
Tdm tit: BSi bSo nSy di cPp din viic nghidn cuu ung dung md hinh tinh lan tda d
nhiim khdng khi tir dudng phi Operational Street PoHutlon Model (OSPM) cho eSc
dd thj cda cSc nutic dang phSt triin nai mS cSc si lipu diu vSo cho vipc tinh toSn
md hinh ban chi vS cd dung sai Idn Nghidn edu nSy sir dung md hinh tinh khuich
tSn OSPM di tinh toSn kiim tra thi didm cho 3 dudng phP tai HS Nil Kit quS
nghidn cUu kiin nghj vi hp si phSt thSi cho ddng xe trong didu ki^n cua HS Nil vS
cd thi dung di tinh toSn cho eSc thSnh phi khSe ciJa Viit Nam vS cSe dd thj trong
khu Vl/C cd diiu ki$n giao thdng tuang tt/ Nghidn cuu cOng kiin nghj eSc giSiphSp
loai trd cSc sai si cda sP Hpu diu vSo, cSc giii phSp di cd kit quS dt/ bSo tu md
hinh chinh xSc han trong tuang lai
Summary: This paper presents the use of the Operational Street Pollution Model
(OSPM) for cities of developing countries whom model input data and data from air
quality monitoring stations are limited or of varying quality, OSPM model
predictions were evaluated against air quality measurements from three streets
One output of this study is the average fleet emission factor that can be used for
emission calculations at other stmets in Hanoi and in other locations in Vietnam or
in the South-East Asia with similar vehicle types This study also emphasizes the
need to further eliminate the uncertainties in input data for the street canyon air
pollution modelling for better outputs of modelling for air pollution for the future
I G I ^ I T H I f U
Hd Ndi ndm d khu vye trung tdm cdg mien ble Vipt Nam HP Npi rpng 3.324,92 km^ vd
ed ddn sd ddng ky theo hd khiu Id 6,233 tripu ngydi Sd lipu khi lypng theo TCVN 4088-2005
Id: nhipt dp trung binh ndm Id 23,6°C, dp I m 82% vdn tdc gid trung binh 1,9 m/s Luu lupng
giao thdng Idn cpng vdi dilu kipn khi lypng b i t lai: vpn tde gid nhd cpng thPm vdi nhipt dp cao
cdng vdi bde xg mpt trdi Idm tdng mde dp P nhiim tren cdc dydng phd ndi dd
Trong khu dP thj Vi|t Ngm, cdc phuang tipn giao thdng Id ngudn d nhiim chinh, trong dd
xe mdy ehilm tdi han 90% phyang tipn giao thdng Cdc sd lipu quan trie d nhiim mPi trudng
khi hipn lgi khd sa lyac vd chi do d i m kilm tra duac d mpi vdi vj tri theo ede dy dn riPng le 0
TAP CHf KHOA HOC C(5NG N G H | XAY DUNG Sd06 -12/2009 111
Trang 2nhiim khPng khi Id mpt v i n de Idn trong khu vyc Hd Npi vd cdc dP thj khde cdg Vipt Nam NP
dd Inh hudng nghiem trpng tdi sdc khde ngudi ddn nhit Id bp phpn ddn cu cP thu nhdp thip Ddy la nhdng cy ddn bj phai nhiim nhieu nhat do dieu kipn sdng thip, mdc dp ty bao vp trydc
0 nhiim mPi trydng khi kPm
Mo hinh tinh lan tda d nhiim khdng khi Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) Id logi
mP hinh duac thilt k l de tinh todn Ign tda d nhiim mdi trydng khPng khi cho cdc dydng phd
dd thj OSPM dd dypc dp dyng tinh todn dy bao thdnh edng tgi nhilu thdnh phd chdu Au: Copenhggen, Stockholm, Helsinki, Amsterdgm vd cdc mpt vdi thdnh phd ngodi chdu Au: Bangkok, Ble Kinh, New York
Nghien cdu ndy dng dyng mP hinh tinh lan tda d nhiim khPng khi OSPM eho Hd Npi vdi dipy kipn sd lipu d i u vdo hgn ehe vd sd lipu do dge khdng theo hp thdng vd ed dp dung sgi Idn Cdc tinh todn duac thyc hipn tgi cdc phd trung tdm cdg Hd Npi Hd Npi cd khoang 1,86 tripu xe may vd 200 nghin xe d td (sd lipu ndm 2007) Lupng d td tdng 11% vd xe mdy tdng 15% ndm Phin Idn xe mdy Id logi dpng ea 4 ky 100 - 110 phdn khdi, ehiem ty Ip eao trong ddng xe lyu thdng (92-95%) OSPM dd dypc chgy vdi sd lipu cua Hd Npi so sdnh vd hipu ehinh Igi vdi cdc
sd lipu do dgc kilm chdng tgi mpt sd vj tri dudng phd dien hinh tinh todn ra hp sd phdt thii cho ddng xe trong dieu kipn Hd Npi vd cd the ddng de tinh todn cho cdc thdnh phd khdc cda Vipt Ngm vd trong khu vyc NghiPn cdu cung kiln nghj cdc giii phdp logi trd cdc sgi sd cdg sd lipu diu vdo, cdc gidi phdp de cd k i t q u i dy bdo td md hinh chinh xdc han trong tyang lai
2 OSPM VA CAC YEU CAU S6 LIEU OAU VAO
MP hinh tinh lan tda d nhiem mdi trydng khi OSPM tinh todn ndng dp d nhiim td ngudn dydng phd theo biln trinh gid trong ngdy (houriy) OSPM ddng md hinh Gguss de tinh phdt thai tryc liep td ddng xe vd md hinh Box de tinh sy lan truyen P nhiim (sgu khi phdt thii td ddng
xe) trong khu vye dydng phd dd thj (hinh 1)
Nguin phat
ttiil
L u ' ^ 0
phat thai
Cau t^o
dironng ph6
d nhiein n i n dothi
iwMi;!;?;
Hu'Png gio
y w w w
i;i;r;ii;i;i;i;i;
rXfjiiiyii
0 nhilm nen
Tuan hoan 5 nhiem
Hinh 1 Giin dd tinh toSn d nhiim mdi trudng khi cua md hinh OSPM
OSPM ydu d u cdc sd lipu d i u vdo gdm d u tgo, kich thudc dydng phd (chieu rdng, chieu ego trung binh cdc tdg nhd hgi bPn dudng, hydng cdg dydng phd so vdi hydng ble), sd lipu khi lypng (vpn tdc gid, hydng gid, nhipt dp, bdc xg mpt trdi ) vd cdc sd liPu phdt thii, mpt
dp dPng xe trdn dudng phd theo biln trinh gid OSPM cung yPu d u sd lipu d nhiim n i n cdg dd thi de tinh d i n sy I n h hudng cda cdc ngudn khdc den d nhiem khu vyc dydng phd OSPM tinh todn phin dng quang hda cda NO, NO2, O3 dya vdo nhipt dp vd bdc xg mpt trdi d l dy dodn
112 TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G N G H $ XAY DUNG Sd06-12/2009
Trang 3ndng dp P nhilm NO2 Trong nghiPn cdu ndy, cdc sd lipu v l dudng phd vd gigo thPng dyac do
d i m tgi hipn tm'dng dyg trPn cdc nghiPn ciru trudc Sd lipu khi luang dupc liy td Trgm khi
tyang Ldng d trung tdm cug Hd Npi Sd lipu ndng dp P nhiim nen theo bien trinh gid eung
duac liy Id trgm Ldng sgu khi dd logi tn> sai sd do anh hudng td dudng phd bing sd lipu do
mlu thy dpng (passive sample) d cdc vj tri nen dP thj (Sd lipu eda Chuang trinh khPng khi sgch
Thyy Sy - Vipt Ngm: Swiss Vietnamese Clegn Air Program - SVCAP, 2007)
3 Xir LY S 6 LIEU CHAY MO HJNH OSPM
3.1 Thdng s6 du>dng phd
Kich thudc dudng phd phyc vy eho chgy mP hinh tinh todn dyac do tgi hipn trudng vd
kilm tra hipu chinh Igi trPn bin dd GIS, ban dd hdnh chinh Hd Npi, chi l i l t trong bang 1
BSng 1 Ciu tao, kich thudc dudng phi
TT
1
2
3
Tin phi
Trydng Chinh
Dipn Bidn Phd
Nguyin Trdi
Chiiu cao tmng binh nhS canh dudng (m) Lit
4.0 2.0 4.0
Li 2
4.0 2.0 4.0
Chiiu ring dudng phi (m)
12.0 14.0 60.0
Hudng dudng phi (so vdi hudng bic)
107°
135°
55°
Ghi chd: OSPM quy djnh li 1 (side 1) IS diim tinh toSn sd 1(li dudng si 1) khi di tu true bie
nam theo chiiu kim dPng hP, li 2 (side 2) IS diim tinh toSn sP 2 (li dudng si 2) nSm dii xUng
qua tn/c cda dudng phi phia dii dipn diim tinh toSn s6 1
3.2 Biln trinh xe ngdy dem
Phin trim phin b^ltf^ngMthcogi^hJuig ngAy |
Ih a » « a «> n, u, » lo, nn 13 is, «, is TO in, leii i» Mt 211 221 iji, 2*
Hinh 2 PhSn bi mSt dd ddng xe trdn phP theo biin trinh ngSy ddm (%)
Biln trinh xe ngdy ddm theo gid Id edeh midu ta mpt dp ddng xe chgy trPn dudng phd
trong ngdy Biln trinh xe ngdy ddm Id thdi quen thgm gig gigo thdng cdg ddn cy vd khdng thgy
ddi nhilu theo hdng ndm Trong nghiPn cdu ndy bien trinh xe ngdy dPm theo gid dupe linh
todn dya trdn vi|c d i m xe trdn 43 phd cdg mpt dy dn hpp tde gi&g Hd Npi vdi JICA, Nhpt Bin
Trang 4Cdc nghien cdu Inrde tgi Hd Npi deu eho thiy ring biln trinh xe khdng khdc nhau nhilu gida ngdy Idm viec (td thd 2 den thd 6) vd eudi tuin (thd 7, chd nhpt) Do vpy trong tinh todn gia thilt bien trinh xe ngdy dPm Id dn djnh trong e l tuin OSPM tinh todn eho mpt trydng hdP vd
dp dung cho t i t d cdc ngdy trong tuin Tinh todn trong nghien cdu chgy md hinh ndy dya trdn
sy phdn phyang tipn gigo thdng thdnh 6 logi cdg chyang trinh khdng khi sgch Thyy Sy - Vipt Nam (SVCAP): xe mdy, d td 4-16 chd, P IP Idn han 24 ehP, xe buyt, xe tai, xe ePng ten na Ddy
Id cdch midu t l ddng xe vdi nhdng sd lipu khao sdt tdt nhat hipn cd tgi Hd Npi Phdn bd mpt dp ddng xe trPn phd theo bien trinh ngdy dem (%) dupc miPu ta tgi hinh 2
3.3 Sd lieu d i m xe cac phd
Sd lipu d i m xe dudng phd dypc thyc hipn bdi cdc dy dn liPn quan (Vipn Cdng nghp Chdu A - AIT) vd duac tinh todn dya trPn bien trinh ngdy dPm cdg hgi dydng phd ehinh Id Nguyin Trdi vd Trydng Chinh Sd lipu chi tilt d bang 2:
Bang 2 Lugng xe trung binh ngSy ddm theo logi phuang tiin (xe/ngSy)
Tdn phi
Trudng Chinh
Dipn BiPn Phd
Nguyin Trdi
XemSy
298,462 166,449 21,838
0 td 4-16 ch5
11,040 1,302 18,314
0 td Idn
han 24
chi
620
84 1,755
Xe
buyt
707
94 2,728
Xe tii
3511
22 9,737
Xe cdng ten na
56
0
288
Ting (ADT)
182,382 23,340 331,284 3.4 Hp sd phdt thai cua cdc logi xe
Hd Npi chua cd ea sd dd lieu mpt cdch hp thdng ve hp sd phdt thai eho cdc phyang tipn giao thPng Hp sd phdt thii d nhiim tinh todn dypc dya trPn cdc nghidn cdu cda cdc dy dn lidn qugn: SVCAP, 2007 Chi tilt hp sd phdt thii dung trong nghien cdu ndy dupe ndu trong bing 3
Sang 3 Hp si phSt thSi tinh toSn cho HS Npi
Loai xe
Xemdy
Old4-16 chd
0 td Idn han 24 ehd
Xe buyt
X e t l i
Xe edng ten na
Hi sd phSt thSi g/(xe km)
PM
0.10 0.10 0.48 1.50 0.80 3.28
SO2 0.03 0.17 0.25 0.64 0.40 1.06
NO,
0.30 1.50 8.55 7.60 11.00 17.00
CO
3.62 3.62 5.62 3.10 2.75 3.10
Benzene
0.023 0.023 0.060 0.032 0.045 0.025 3.5 Sd l i f u khi t u v n g
Do hp thdng qugn trie cdg Hd npi chug dydc chuin hda ndn trong nghidn cdu ndy khio sdt ddnh gid sd lipu khi tupng td c l hgi trgm qugn trie khi tuang tgi Hd Npi Id trgm Ldng vd trgm khi tyang sdn bgy Npi BPi (ngudn Id NOAA - US) Cdc phdn tich cho fhly so lidu trgm Ldng ed the ddng de dgi dipn cho dieu kipn khi tupng eda cdc dydng phd dd thj Cdc dd lipu vpn tdc gid, hydng gid, nhipt dp vd bde xg mpt trdi theo gid cdg trgm Ldng dypc ddng d l tinh todn sy Inh hydng cua dieu kipn khi tuang IPn sy phdt tdn khPng khi d nhilm td dydng phd
Trang 53.6 Dir lipu 6 n h i l m nPn dd thj
Dd lipu P nhilm nen theo gid duac liy theo sd lieu Trgm quan trie Lang Tuy nhiPn tram Ldng n i m tgi trung tdm eua Hd npi cgnh cdc dudng phd cP mgt dp gigo thPng ldn Id Ldng Hg
vd Nguyin Chi Thgnh, Huynh Thdc Khdng Do vdy, sd lipu cda trgm Ldng bj Inh hudng tare tiep bdi ngudn P nhiim td dudng phd vd khPng dgi dipn duac eho ndng dp P nhiim nPn dP thi Trong nghiPn cdu ndy gid tri trung binh cda sd lipu do mdu thu dpng do chyang trinh SVCAP (2007) do cho cdc vj tri n i n dd thj (45 diem do tren todn thdnh phd Hd Npi) dypc dung de hipu chinh Igi sd lipu biln trinh ngdy dPm theo gid cda tram Ldng trydc khi dung de chay mo hinh OSPM
3.7 s d lipu do dgc hien tru'dng
Cdc sd do bien trinh ngdy theo gid tai hien trudng duac dung de so sdnh vdi kit qua tinh todn mP hinh, hipu ehinh vd tinh lodn Igi hp sd phdt thdi thgt cdg dPng xe trong dieu kipn thyc t l cda Hd Npi Sd lipu do dgc duac thu thdp td vipc do kilm tgi hien trudng td cdc dy dn lien quan tgi Hd Npi vd dupe miPu t l trong bing 4
Bing 4 Si HSu trung binh d nhiim dudng phi tai eSe diim nghien ciru
(Do theo biin trinh gid ngSy ddm)
TPn phd
Trudng Chinh
Oipn BiPn Phd
Nguyin Trdi
NOx
yg/m^
6.4 3.3 80.8
7.4 3.6 31.9
NO2
pg/m^
1.1 0.8 39.1
1.5 0.9
NO
L l l L l 2
|jg/m' 3.4 1.6
3.9 1.8
SO2
L i i Le2 pg/m^
23.9 39.1 35.3
CO
L l l Le2 mg/m' 8.1 6.6 7.8
5.7 7.1
BNZ
L l l L l 2 yg/m' 87.2 28.7 74.0
71.4 39.2 59.1
So liPu do NO2 vd NO tgi phd Trudng Chinh vd Dipn BiPn Phu qud thap vd cd sgi sd nhilu so vdi sd lipu do m l u thy dpng cda SVCAP 2007 vd sd lipu nen eua trgm Ldng, do vdy khPng duac ddng de ddnh gid k i t qua chay mP hinh Tdng k i t lgi sd lipu do bien trinh gid cda
CO, S02, BNZ duac ddng de so sdnh ddnh gid k i t q u i chgy mP hinh OSPM
3.8 Tinh toan cdc hp sd phat thai ddng xe (fleet emission factors) dung phu'ang phdp tinh ngu'p'c d^'a vd md hinh OSPM
Hp sd phdt t h i i ddng xe, duac tinh todn bdi OSPM theo phyang phdp linh nguac dya vdo ehi sd khi lyang vd kit qua do bien trinh theo gid cda dudng phd, the hien cPng thdc 1:
0 „ - C,-C Rfmctcorolocv) /; background (1)
trong dd: Qi,: Tdng lyang phdt thii td ddng xe theo gid: g/m.s;
Cl,: Ndng dp d nhidm tgi dudng phd: g/m^;
Ch,baci.i!roimd: Ndng dp d nhiim nen dP thj (g/m^);
Fl (meteorology): HP sd phdt tdn P nhiim dupe tinh lodn dyg IrPn cdc yeu td khi tuang bdi OSPM (s/m^)
Trang 6Tdng lyang phdt thai cPn dyac tinh theo cPng thdc 2:
k
(2)
trong dd: Nk,h: L^ lyang ddng xe theo gid eda tdng logi xe thd k: xe/h
qt: Ld hp sd phdt thai eda logi xe thd k: g/(xe.km)
Dya vdo cdng thdc 2.1 vd 2.2 he sd phat thai trung binh dong xe Paverage (g/(xe.km) dypc tinh todn td tdng phdt thai Qt, theo cPng thdc 1 vd tdng sd lyang xe Nkh theo cdch phdn logi d cPng thdc 2
4 PHAN TiCH, O A N H GlA K 6 T Q U A CHAY MO HJNH
Dya vdo k i t qua khdo sdt, sd lipu phdn bd luang phdt thai khi P nhiim trung binh cua cdc logi xe khdc nhgu dupe miPu ta trong hinh 3
Z-% LufTig phat thai o nhlam trung binh NOx %i
c ID?> " !••» Xe Cdng
^.— fen no
0 50
O l d ' ch6 13 90'
U f f n g phat ttial o nhtam trung binh S02 ' cac lo?l »• (S|
Xe T i l , >fe COng
10 OQ ^ , ^ - l e n no
0 50 XeBuyt,
0 td ldn han 24 ch6,1 40
C t i 4-16 ch6 16 60'
Lv^Ttg p h i t Iti i l o nniam trung U f f n g p h M t t t l l 0 nhlam trung binh PMIO tua
c i c l o f l x l M x e T i i ^ ^ ^
Xe COng
Hinh 3 LirQng ph^t thiii c^c chk 6 nhiim theo tCrng lo^i xe (%) t^i 3 vj tri nghi6n cCru so v6i %
phSn b6 c^c lo^i xe (gde tr^i cua cf6 thj)
So Ii$u bang 2 v^ bang 3 cho thay xe nn^y chiem ph4n I6n thj phan tham gia giao thOng (92-95%) Do v$y d§y Id nguon gSy 6 nhiem chinh trong (56 thj Theo tinh todn, xe may thai ra 56% khi NOx, 65% kh( SO2 94% khi CO, 92% khf Benzene vd 86 % PMio- Xe tai thai ra 21% khi NOx vd 10% khi SO2, 616 4 - 1 6 ch6 thai ra 14% NOx vd 19% khi SO2
Bang 5 Id so li^u so sdnh cdc h$ so phdt thai cho cdc loai phuang ti^n giao thdng khdc nhau tgi Hd NOi (trong nghifen ci>u ndy) vd cdc dja phu-ang khdc:
Cdc so liOu h$ so phdt thai trong bang 5 cho thay c6 sir khdc bi$t gi&a cdc nghiSn CCPU Dieu ndy n6i I6n rdng h$ so phdt thai cua cdc logi phu'ang ti^n giao thdng c6 tfnh dja phuang cao va can c6 cdc do kiem, nghidn cuu dien hinh theo dja phuang de cdc tfnh todn dy bdo bdng m6 hinh dup'c chfnh xdc han
Trang 7Bing 5 So sSnh hd si pbSt thSi cua cSc loai phuang tign giao thdng tai HS Nil
vS cSc dia phuang khSc
Dan vj: g/(xe.km) Logi xe
1 Xe mSy
Hd Npi (theo bang 3)
Bgngkok (2004) Chgssis dyngmometer
Bangkok (2004) Mobile 6
2 (5 ti 4-16 chi
Hd Npi (theo bing 3)
Bangkok (2004) Chassis dynamometer
Bangkok (2004) Mobile 6
Copenhagen 1997
3 Xe buyt
Hd NPi (theo bang 3)
Copenhagen 1997
4, Xe til
Hd NPi (theo bing 3)
Copenhagen 1997
PM
0.10
0.10
1.50
0.80
SO2
0.03
0.17
0.64
0.40
NO,
0.30 0.08±0.07 0.85 1.50 1.37±1.0 0.49 0.9+0.1 7.60 12.5±3.0 11.00 12.5±3.0
CO
3.62 2.23±2.2 13.3 3.62 5.12+5.65 5.41 17.3±0.7 3.10 9.6±4 2.75 9.6±4
Benzene
0.023
0.023
0.11±0.01 0.032 0.05±0.05 0.045 0.05±0.05
HP sd phdt thai trung binh ddng xe dupe tinh todn bdi cdc edng thdc d mgc 3.6 K i t qua tinh todn dupe trinh bdy trong bing 6
BSng 6 HP si phSt thii trung binh ddng xe cho cSc ph6 didn hinh tai HS Npi
Tdn phP
Trydng Chinh
(dudng vdnh dai)
OiPn BiPn Phd
(dydng npi dd)
Nguyin Trdi
(dydng trgc chinh)
Trung binh
Hp si phSt thii g/(xe.km)
SO2 0.038 0.022 0.026 0.029
CO
4.0 16.9 10.4 10.4
Benzene
0.051 0.125 0.079 0.085
HP sd phdt thai trong bing 6 ed the dung de ddnh gid vd udc lyang phdt thii td cdc dydng phd theo logi dydng (dydng chinh, vdnh dgi, npi dP) neu b i l l dypc sd lypng xe ehay trong ngdy OSPM cd t h i tinh lodn vd dy bdo mdc dp d nhiim eho b i t cd mpt vj tri ein khio sdi ndo vdi cdc sd lipu d i u vdo tuang dng theo muc 3 He sd phdt thii eho cdc logi dudng phd
vd hp sd phdt thai trung binh ed the dypc dung de ydc lypng tinh todn phdt thii d nhiim td ngudn giao thdng cho todn thdnh phd khi cd sd lipu cdc logi phuang tipn tham gia giao thdng trPn mgng lydi, mpt dp phdn bd gigo thOng trPn todn thdnh phd trPn bin dd kJ thupt sd GIS
5 K £ T L U A N
Md hinh OSPM Id md hinh dyac thilt k l de tinh todn phdt thii d nhiim td dydng phd dd thj OSPM dd dyac dp dgng tinh todn dy bdo thdnh cdng tgi nhieu thdnh phd ehdu Au: Copenhggen, Stockholm, Helsinki, Amsterdgm vd cdc mpt vdi thdnh phd ngodi ehdu Au: Bangkok, Bdc Kinh, New Yori<
Trang 8Trong nghien edu nay, OSPM dd duac dp dgng tinh todn tgi Hd Npi so sdnh vdi cdc k i t qua do dgc ndng dp cdc chit P nhiim tgi ede diem tinh todn Hd Npi ed mpt dp tham gia giao thong ego, tai dudng Nguyin Trdi lupng xe thgm gig gigo thPng d i m duac tgi dilm khao sdt
len tdi han 300.000 lyat xe/ngdy (bing 2) Xe mdy ehilm phin ldn trong cdc phyang tipn tham
gia giao thPng tgo ra sy khde bipt ldn so vdi gigo thPng cdg cdc nude khdc
Nghien edu ndy cho thay sd lipu khi tuang vd sd lipu P nhiim nen td cdc trgm qugn trie nen eda dd thj co the ddng trong vipc tinh todn lan tda P nhilm khPng khi Vipc thdnh Ipp ede trgm quan trie dudng phd se eung elp nhdng sd lipu tdt han eho vipc chgy md hinh tinh Ign tda 0 nhiim khPng khi OSPM
Trong dieu kien kiem sodt chit luang (QA/QC) cdc sd lipu do ndng dp P nhiim nin (bien trinh theo gid) khdng tdt cda cdc trgm quan trie Ihl sd lipu cd the dupe hipu chinh bdi cdc sd lieu do tai cdc vj tri n i n dP thj dupe lya chpn dde tryng cho ndng dp n i n P nhiim cda thdnh phd
Cdc sd lipu tinh todn hp sd phdt thai ddng xe trong nghiPn cdu ndy cd I h l dng dgng tdl eho vipc tinh todn dy bdo mdc dp P nhiim td gigo thPng cho Hd Npi Cdc hp sd ndy ddng d l tinh lodn mdc dp d nhilm cdg cdc phd cd tinh ndng gigo thdng tuang ty khi b i l l dyac tdng luang xe chgy qug diem tinh todn trong 1 ngdy ddm (cd the dung sd lipu trung binh td ting luang xe ydc lypng trong mpt ndm) vd dung de tinh todn tdng luang phdt thii d nhiim khOng khi td gigo thPng cho todn thdnh phd khi bilt cdc sd lipu cdc logi phuang tipn thgm gig giao thdng trPn mgng lydi, mpt dp phdn bd gigo thdng trPn todn thdnh phd trPn ban do ky thupt s6 GIS
Neu Hd Npi thiet lpp duac mpt hp thdng phdn logi cdc logi phuang tipn thgm gig giao thdng vd phdn logi dydng phd chi tilt vd khoa hpc han, cd cdc nghien edu thyc nghipm tgi hipn trydng eho cdc logi dydng phd dien hinh cdg Hd Npi thi OSPM Id mpt cPng cg tinh todn dan giln vd eP dp lin cpy ego trong vipc dy bdo d nhiim cho cdc vj tri d dydng phd vd tinh todn sd lipu d i u vdo eho cdc chyang trinh tinh todn lan tda ndng dp P nhiim cho todn vdng dd thj
Tai li^u tham khao
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gnd Assessment 65, 323-331, 2000
2 Hanoi Center for Environmental and Natural Resources Monitoring and Anglysis (CENMA)
gnd Swiss Vietngmes Clegn Air Program (SVCAP), Pilot Emission Inventory in Hanoi, 2008
3 Jgpgn InterngtiongI Coopergtion Agency (JICA) gnd Transport Engineering Design
Ineorporgted (TEDI), Hanoi Urban Transport Development Project,, 2006
4 Sivertsen, B gnd The, N T., Support for the Review of Air Quality Management
Sub-component for the Hgnoi Urban Transport and Development Project, 2006
5 Ittipol P., Development of mobile source emission factors for Bangkok using modeling and emission testing tools Master thesis, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand, 2004