Đặc điểm vệ sinh môi trường và vệ sinh an toàn thực phẩm ở một số cơ sở sản xuất, chế biến thực phẩm năm 2007

D A C D I E M V E S I N H M O I T R l f l J N G V A V E S I N H AN TOAN THlfC PHAM Of MOT SO C0 SO SAN XUAT, CHE BIEN THUC PHAM NAM 2007 NGUYfeN HUNG LONG, LAM QUOC HUNG, CAO VAN TRUNG, TA NGOC THANH[.]

D A C D I E M V E S I N H M O I T R l f l J N G V A V E S I N H

AN TOAN THlfC PHAM Of MOT SO C0 SO SAN XUAT,

CHE BIEN THUC PHAM NAM 2007

NGUYfeN HUNG LONG, LAM QUOC HUNG,

CAO VAN TRUNG, TA NGOC THANH VA CS

Cue An toan thitc phdm -B6Y te

Tom tat:

0 nhiem moi trudng la nguy co anh hudng den ve sinh an toan thuc pham (VSATTP) tai cac co sd che bien thuc pham 6 nhiim moi trudng tU 3 ngudn chinh la nude thai, khi thai va chat thai ran Cue An toan ve sinh thuc pham da trien khai nhiem vu bao ve mdi trudng nam 2007 vdi

hoat dpng: Danh gia thi diem hien trang ve sinh moi trudng, VSATTP nham dam bao VSATTP d* mpf so co sd che bien thuc pham nam 2007 Ket qua khao sat thi diem 12 co sd san xua't, che

bien thuc pham tai tinh Vinh Phuc va thanh phd Ha Ndi cho tha'y:

- MUc dp 6 nhiem cua nude thai so vdi gidi han chat d nhiem cho phep b nude thai sinh hoat

va nUdc thai cdng nghiep - tieu chuan thai (TCVN 5945-1945) deu vUpt tren mUc IV: Dp pH; tdng chat ran hoa tan (> 200mg/l); Coliforms la > 2,4 x 106

; E coli la 36.41 6,7 (9 x 104

- 1,1x104

) vupt ngudng 6 nhiem tren mire IV (10.000) tren 240 lan

- Tong sd lupng rac thai trung binh la 44,7 kg/cO sd/ngay (6,2 -102) Mdc dp d nhidm cac vi

sinh cao: Coliforms la > 2,4 x 105; E.coli la 1,1x103 - 4,3x104; Pseudomonas la 7x10 - 1,1x102 va

Cl Perfringens la 3,9 x 102 - 3,0 x 103KL/100 gm

- Chi tieu khdng khi tai khu vUc che bien, ddng gdi, bao quan thuc pham: 36/36 (100%)

mau cd tdng sd bui lo lung 1.9 mg/m3 (

1 - 2,8) vUpt gidi han cho phep 7 - 10 lan (0,3 mg/m3

); cay trung khdng khi cho ket qua d nhiem nam va vi khuan kha nhieu

- So mau thuc pham dat cac chi tieu ve sinh Coliforms (<102/gam) la 83,3%; E coli

(<5/gam) la 91,6%; Clostridium perfringer (0/gam), Staphyloccoccus aureus (0/gam) la 100%;

TSVKHK (<104) la 50%; TSBTNM-M (<101) la 58,3%

- Xet nghiem d nhiem vi sinh vat b ban tay cda ngudi true tiep che bien thuc pham kha cao:

vdi Coliforms la 149/245 (60,8%); E Coli la 38/245 (15,5%), S aureus la 8/245 (3,3%)

Nhan thuc, thai dp hanh vi VSATTP cua ngudi quan co sd cd hieu biet dung td 57,6

-97%, tha'p hon ngudi true tiep che bien thuc pham (91,8 -100%)

Abstract:

Environment pollution is the important reason that has effected to food hygiene and

safety in food producing and processing premises Environment pollution consists of 3 main resources: waste water, gas and solid sewage In order to ensure food safety based on management of environmental hygiene, Vietnam Food Administration has performed the

environmental protection tasks in 2007 with action "Assessing the current situation of environmental hygiene , food safety to ensure food safety in some food processing premises

in 2007" Survey results in 12 premises engaging food processing and producing in Hanoi city

and Vinh Phuc province have shown as follows:

- The pollution of waste water in comparison with the permitted limit of substances in living and industrial waste water (in according to TCVN 5945-1945) is higher than the IV level, including: pH ; total dissolved solids (>200 mg/l), Coliforms > 2,4 x 106; E.coli is 36.416,7 (9x104 -1,1x104), which exceeding the threshold of level IV is over 240 times

- Total average wastes is 44,7 kg/premise/day (6,2kg - 102kg) The level of

micro-organisms pollution is high: Coliforms is over 2,4 x 106; E coli is 1,1x103- 4,3x104; Pseudomonas

is 7x10 - 1,1x102and Cl Perfringens is 3,9x102 - 3,0x103KL/100 grm

- The criteria of air in processing, packaging, storage areas: 36/36 (100%) samples have total unsolved dust are 1.9 mg/m3 (1 - 2,8), exceeding the permitted limit from 7 to 10 times (0,3 mg/m3) The results of micro-organisms pollutions (growing bacteria, fungi) appeared so much

- The number of food samples meeting hygiene criteria is quite few: Coliforms (<102/gam)

is 83,3%; E coli (<5/gam) is 91,6%; total aerobe (<104) is 50%; total spores of mould and yeast (<101) are 58,3%

- Analysis result of micro-organism on hands of processors is high: Coliforms is 149/245 (60,8%); E Coli is 38/245 (15,5%), S aureus is 8/245 (3,3%)

- The knowledge, attitude, behaviour of premises' managers on food safety is 57,6 - 97% It

is lower than employees engaging in food processing (91,8 -100%)

I DAT V A N DE

An toan thuc pham co mpt tam quan trong dac biet khong chi vol sdc khoe cua mdi

ca nhan, cpng dong, su phat trien cua giP'ng noi ma con lien quan vdi su phat trien kinh te, thuong mai, van hoa, xa hpi va an ninh chinh tri ciia mdi quo'c gia [ 1 , 2 , 5]

Thuc trang vi pham vd sinh an toan thuc p h i m d nude ta r i t dang b i o dpng NgP dpc thuc phim c i p tinh Uong nhirng nam qua v i n cd chieu hudng gia tang Ty le m i c ngp dpc tren 100.000 dan trung binh td nam 2001 - 2005 la 5,48 Cd nhidu nguyen nhan nhung dang chu y la do thuc p h i m bj P nhidm td mPi trudng, trong qua trinh san xuit, che bien CPng t i c bao d i m an toan thuc p h i m dang phai ddi mat vdi ra't nhidu khd khan nhu su gia tang cic co sd san xua't, chd bien, kinh doanh thuc pham; su da dang h o i san phim thuc phim; quy md san xua't, kinh doanh thuc pham chu yeu v i n la nhd le, phan tan; nhan thdc

vd vd sinh an toan thuc phim cua ngudi san x u i t , kinh doanh thuc p h i m , ngudi tidu dung con han che 6 nhidm thuc phim v i n ton tai d t i t ca cac khau nudi, trdng, chd' bien, bao quan, luu thdng thuc phim C i c yeu td d nhidm mdi trudng bao gdm chat thai ran, rac thai, nude thai [2, 3, 4 ]

De bao dam vd sinh an toan thuc pham cho cpng ddng c i n phai trien khai ddng bp cac bidn phap bao dam vd sinh an toan thuc p h i m cho ca chudi thuc p h i m td nudi trdng, san xuit, che bie'n dd'n luu thdng va phan phdi san p h i m Trong dd khau chd' bie'n, bao quan thuc phim d cac co sd la mpt khau vd cung quan trong Tinh trang P nhidm mPi trudng gay d nhidm thuc p h i m tai cic co sd do san pham phd thai, chit thai, rac sinh hoat, nude thai trong q u i trinh san xuit, chd bien da va dang trd thanh v i n de bdc xuc cho cpng ddng, nha quan ly [ 1 , 2 ]

Didu Ua, khao sit mdi trudng mpt so co so san x u i t thuc p h i m cd y nghTa quan trong

va c i p thiet Uong vide cung c i p nhirng bing chung khoa hpc de dinh g i i thuc trang tinh

hinh va hd trg cong tac quan ly an toan thuc pham hien nay Tren co so do Cue A n toan ve sinh thuc phdm phdi hpp vPi cac don vi lien quan tien hanh dieu tra khao sat vdi muc tieu: (1) Khao sat, danh gia thi diem hien trang ngudn chat thai o n h i i m moi trudng trong cac co so san xua't, che bien thuc pham quy mo vda va nhd

(2) Khao sat, danh gia thi diem ve sinh an toan thuc pham trong cac co so san xua't, che bien thuc phdm quy mo vda va nhd

I I D O I T U O N G V A P H U O N G PHAP N G H I E N C U U

2.1 Dd'i tirpng, d|a diem, t h d i gian

a Doi tugng

Co so san xuat va che bien thuc pham quy mo vda va nhd tai mpt so tinh va thanh phd trong pham vi toan qudc nhu: thit va san pham thit; suat an cong nghiep; san pham len men truyen thP'ng (bun, phd, dau, tuong ); ngudi true tiep san xudt va che bien thuc phdm trong cac co so dieu tra

b Dia diem

Tai 2 tinh/thanh mien Bdc: Thanh phd Ha Npi, tinh Vinh Phuc; mdi tinh dieu tra 6 co

so san xuat, che' bien thuc phdm

c Thai gian

Td thang 7 den thang 12/2007

2.2 Phuong phap thiic hien

a Thiet ke dieu tra

Nghien cdu cdt ngang danh gia hien trang co sd vdi npi dung sau:

- Dieu tra didu kien ve sinh moi trudng co so san xuat, che bien thuc phdm; ngudn rac thai cua co sd, phan loai rac thai, chat thai, nude thai theo mdu phieu thiet ke sah; do cac chi so danh gia dp o nhidm cua nude che bie'n, khdng khi, rac thai, nude thai tai co so

- Xet nghiem vi sinh mam benh cua ngudi true tiep san xuat, che bien thuc pham tai cac co sd lua chpn

- Xet nghidm vi sinh thanh pham thuc pham tai cac co so lua chpn

- Dieu tra nhan thuc - thai dp - hanh vi (K.A.P) ve ve sinh moi trudng, an toan vd sinh thuc phdm theo bieu mdu phieu dieu tra da dupe thiet kd' san

b Sd luong dieu tra vd chi tieu danh gid

- Dieu tra co so quy md nhd, vda: 2 co sd che' bidh thit gia sue, gia cdm, hai san; 2 co

so che bidh bun, banh phcr, 2 co so che bie'n suat an cdng nghidp

- Dieu tra theo mdu bp cau hdi, cu the la:

+ Dieu tra nha xudng, dung cu san xuat, chd'bidh: 12 phid'u (1 phidh/co so)

+ Dieu tra nhan thdc, thai dp hanh v i ve sinh an toan thuc pham cua ngudi quan ly co

sd san xuat, che bidh thuc phdm: 36 ngudi (3 ngudi/co sd)

+ Dieu tra nhan thuc, thai dp hanh vi vd sinh an toan thuc pham cua ngudi true tiep che bie'n thuc pham: 170 - 200 ngudi (10 - 15 ngudi/co sd)

- Xac dinh cac chi sd danh gia muc dp o nhidm tai co sd:

+ Do danh gia dp o nhidm moi trudng khdng k h i cua co sd: 36 m i u (3 vi tri/co so), mdi vi tri 9 chi sd la: nhiet dp; dp I m ; tdc dp gid; tdng sd bui lo lung; S02; CO; C 02; N 02;

H2S; ca'y trung khong k h i xac dinh sd lupng khuin lac vi khuin va nam

+ Didu tra danh gia dp d nhidm cua mdi trudng cua rac thai trong cac co sd trong 5 ngay vdi npi dung:

Do so lupng, phan loai rac thai theo 4 nhom la: nhom rac thai htfu co tu nguyen lieu huu co de san xuit, san p h i m thuc pham hu hong ); nhom rac bao gdi san p h i m , nguyen lieu td nilon, nhua PVC; nhom r i c thuy tinh, nhom, sit ; nhom rac thai hdn hpp con lai

Lay m i u va xet nghiem vi sinh vat rac thai cua cac co sd: 7 chi sd xet nghiem vi

sinh trong 60 m i u (1 miu/ngay x 5 ngay) gdm: Coliforms; E.Coli; Shigella; Salmonella; V.Cholerae; Pseudomonas; Cl.Perfringens

+ Danh gia dp P nhidm cua ngudn nude diing san xuat, che bien thuc pham trong co

sd: xet nghiem 12 m i u nude (1 lniu/co so), mdi m i u gdm 8 chi tidu vi sinh va ly, hoa la PH; dp trong; tdng chat ran hoa tan; Pb; NO,; N 03; h o i chat nhom Pyrethroid; Chlor du; Coliforms; E.Coli

+ Danh gia dp d nhidm ciia ngudn nude thai cua co so: lay m i u , xet nghiem 24 mau

nude thai (2 maulco sd: 01 man trade xu ly, 01 mdu sau xu ly do vao he thdng cdng thdi cong cdng), mdi m i u cd 8 chi tidu vi sinh va ly, hoa gdm PH; tdng chit ran hoa tan; Pb;

N 02; N 03; hoa chat nhom Pyrethroid; Chlor du; Coliforms; E Coli

+ Danh gia ngudn truydn nhidm:

Xet nghidm phan tim 03 vi k h u i n gay benh (ta, ly, thuong han) nhung ngudi true tiep tham gia san xuat, che bie'n thuc p h i m d cac co sd: 170 - 200 m i u

• C i y trung ban tay tim 3 vi khuan la Coliforms, E.Coli, Staphylococcus Aureus d

dd'i tupng true tiep san xua't, che bie'n thuc p h i m : 170 - 200 m i u

- Lay m i u , xet nghidm danh gia d nhidm vi sinh thanh pham thuc p h i m : Xet nghidm

vi sinh 4 chi tidu/miu thuc pham: 24 m i u (2 miu/co sd), chi tidu danh g i i la: Coliforms,

E Coli, Clostidium Perfrigens, Aureus

c.Xuly so lieu

Kdt qua phieu dieu tra va kd't qua xet nghidm dupe nhap va x u ly theo phuong phip thdng kd y sinh tai Cue A n toan vd sinh thuc p h i m

III KET QUA VA BAN LUAN

3.1 Dac diem chung mpt so co sd san xua't, che bie'n thuc pham

3.1.1 Ddc diem ngudi quan ly vd sdn xuat

Hinh thdc sd huu 12 co so san xuat, che bie'n thuc p h i m chu yd'u la hp gia dinh (58,3%), sdhuu doanh nghidp 41,7%

Bdng 1 Ddc diem ngifdi quan ly vd sdn xuat, che bie'n d 12 co sd khao sat

So' luang Ty le c /c

Gidi cua ngudi lam viec true tiep

Hoc va'n ngudi lam viec tai co so

6 Da tfp huan ve sinh an toan thuc pha'm Ngudi 132 79,5

Nhdn xet: T6ng so ngudi lam viec trong 12 co so san xuat, che bien thuc pham la

166 ngudi, trung binh 13,8 ngudi/co sd (3 - 100 ngudi) Ngudi true tiep san xuat, che bien thuc phdm chu yeu la nu gidi 132 ngudi (84,6%), nam gidi chi chiem 15.4% Trinh dp hpc va'n cua ngudi lam viec tai 12 co so chu yeu la trung hpc co so (56,0%); triing hpc phd thong (34,9%); Dai hpc, Cao d i n g chi chiem 6,1% Ngudi lam viec dupe kham sue khoe hang nam theo quy dinh dat 82,5%; dupe xet nghiem phan hang nam la 79,5%; dupe tap hua'n ve ve sinh an toan thuc pham la 79,5%

3.1.2 Dieu kien nhd xudng, thiet bi, he thd'ng nude sdn xuat, che bien thuc phdm

Ke't qua dieu tra cho thay so lupng co so thiet ke theo nguyen tic mpt chieu dat 6/12 (50%); cd khu vuc tiep nhan nguyen lieu rieng, khu so che, khu che bie'n, khu luu tru thanh p h i m rieng dat 7/12 (58,3%); cd khu luu tru nguyen lieu rieng dat 6/12 (50,0%) Cd khu vuc tap ke't cha't thai, khu vuc thay q u i n do bao hp lao dpng rieng dat

ty le cao nhat la 12/12 (1*00%); cd khu vuc ve sinh rieng biet dat 11/12 (91,7%) Co sd

co trang bi he thd'ng thdng gid giua cac phong dat 9/12 (75,0%); co trang bi he thdng phong chdng con triing rieng dat 5/12 (41,7%); cd trang thiet bi van chuyen rieng dat 10/12 (83,3%) co sd cd cau true san nha thoat nude tdt dat 9/12 (75,0%); cd cua ra vao dam bao 10/12 (83,3%); Cd t r i n nha khdng ham nude dat 6/12 (50,0%); cd tudng nha khong tham nude dat 7/12 (58,3%)

Co so cd he thP'ng nude phuc vu sinh hoat rieng dat 9/12 (75,0%); Uang bi he thdng nude phuc vu sin xuat rieng dat 8/12 (66,7%) Ngudn nude dung cho sin xuat, che bien chii yeu la nude may: 10/12 (83,3%), nude gieng khoi la 2/12 (16,7%); ngudn nude dung cho ve sinh co so chii yeu la nude may: 8/12 (66,7%), nude gieng khoi la 4/12 (33,3%) Tdng sd lupng nude su dung trung binh la 6.141,7 lit/co sd/ngay (2.500 - 22.000); Uong dd lupng nude dung dd sin xudt, che bidn cao nhat, trung binh 3.166,7 lit/co sd/ngay (500 - 15.000)

Ket qua dieu tra 12 mdu nude su dung d co sd cho thay: Ham lupng Clo du ca 12 mdu

ddu khong dat (0,3 - 0,5 mg/lft); Coliforms la 60,3 (0 - 240 khuan lac/100 ml), dat 3/12 m i u

(25,0%) Nhu vay chat luong nude may sir dung tai cac co sd khao sat thi diem deu khdng

dat tieu chuin ve du luong Clo va tieu chuan vi sinh Colifonns theo quy dinh

3.2 Dac diem chat thai gay 6 nhiem mdi trudng cua co sd sin xuat, che bien

3.2.1 Ddc diem ve nude thdi cua co so sdn xuat, che bien thuc phdm

He thdng cdng nude thai dung quy each con thap: He thdng cdng kin dat 1/12 (8,3%); he thdng cdng thoat nude tdt dat 8/12 (66,7%); hd thdng cdng dd cai tao dat 3/12 (25%); he thdng cdng khdng gay d nhidm chi cd 2/12 (16,7%) Didu nay cd the gay 6 nhidm mdi trudng khdng khi, d nhidm mdi trudng dat va cd the gay anh hudng tdi mdi trudng san xuat Tdng sd luong nude thai trung binh la 6.050 lit/co sd/ngay (1.500 -19.000); trong dd luong nude thai do rua nguyen lieu cao nhat, trung binh 1.958,3 lit/co sd/ngay (200 - 7.000)

Bdng 2 Tinh trang ve sinh nude thdi d 12 co sd sdn xuat, che bien khao sat

Ke't qua xet nghiem

Trung binh M l u dat/Tdng so'

(%)

2 Tong cha't ran hoa tan mg/lft 227,8(125 -321) 0/12(0%)

-5 Nitrat (N03) mg/lft 24,0 (0,5 - 50,0) 4/12(33,3%)

6 HC nhom Pyrethroid mg/lft 0,5 (0,23 - 0,98) 12/12(100%)

9 E coli KL/lOOml 36.416,7 (9xl04-l,lxl04) 0/12(0%)

10 Cl Peifringens KL/100ml 273,3(10-800) 4/12(33,3%)

Nhdn xet: So sanh vdi gidi han chat d nhidm cho phep d nude thai sinh hoat (TCVN

6772:2000) va nude thai cdng nghiep - tidu chuan thai ( T C V N 5945-1945) vdi ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y mdc dd d nhidm cua nude thai rat cao D d p H trung binh cua cac m i u nude thai tai co sd la 4,7 (3,5-6,8), 6 nhidm o mdc I V ; tdng chit'ran hoa tan la 227,8 (125

- 321), d nhidm d tren mdc I V (>200mg/l); ham lupng chi la 0,3 (0,12- 0,48), 6 nhidm d mdc A-B (0,1 - 0,5 mg/1); hoa chit nhom Pyrethroid la 0,5 (0,23 - 0,98); ham luong Nitrit

la 0,2 (0,01 5,0); ham lupng Nitrat la 24,0 (0,5 50,0), o nhidm d mdc I I I V (30

-50mg/l); ham lupng Clo du la 0; Coliforms la > 2,4 x 106; E.coli la 36.416,7 ( 9 x l 04 -1,1 xlO4) deu vupt ngudng P nhidm trdn mdc I V (10.000) trdn 240 l i n ; CI.Perfringens la

273,3 (10- 800)

3.2.2 Ddc diem ve chat thdi d co sd sdn xuat, che bien thuc phdm

Thanh phin rac thai gdm cd r i c thai sinh hoat: 11/12 (91,6%); r i c thai trong qua trinh che bie'n: 12/12 (100,0%); la san p h i m hu hong: 10/12 (83,3%) Tdng so lupng rac thai trung binh trong 5 ngay la 44,7 kg/co sd/ngay (6,2 - 102); trong dd lupng r i c thai trong q u i trinh san xua't, chd bie'n thai ra cao nhit, trung binh 25,1 kg/co sd/ngay (0,5

-100 kg) Kdt qua xet nghidm vi sinh vat gay benh d m i u rac thai trong 5 ngay tai 12 co sd

khao sat: Bdng 3

Bdng 3 Chi tieu vi sinh gay benh trong rac thdi a 12 ca so sdn xuat, che bien

Tong so mau Trung binh

2 E Coli KL/lOOgm 60 I , l x l 03- 4 , 3 x l 04

7 Cl Perfringens KL/lOO gm 60 3,9xl02-3,0xl03

Nhdn xet: Trong cac m i l l xet nghiem chira thay n h i i m m i m benh vi sinh gay b6nh nhir V.Cholerae, Salmonella, Shigella nhung tinh trang 6 nhiem cic vi sinh khic rat cao: Coliforms la > 2,4 x 1 06; E.coli la l , l x l 03 - 4 , 3 x l 04; Pseudomonas la

7x10 - l l x l O2 va Cl.Perfringens la 3 , 9 x l 02 - 3 , 0 x l 03 K L / 1 0 0 gm

3.2.3 Ddc diem mdi trudng khi d co sd sdn xuat, che bien

Ket qua khao sat khong khi tai khu vuc che bien thuc p h i m 6 12 co so:

Bdng 4 Tinh trang d nhilm khdng khi khu vuc che bien thuc phdm

tinh

Ket qua xet nghiem

tinh Trung binh Mau dat/T6ng so (%)

-4 Tong so' bui lo lung mg/m3 1.9(1 -2,8) 0/36(100%)

-Nhdn xet: Ke't qua khao sit khong khi tai khu vuc che bien thuc p h i m cho thiy nhiet

dp trung binh 22.4°C (16,8 - 25,4); dp am la 61.3 (54 - 76)%

So sanh voi T C V N 5937 - 1995 ve chat lupng khong khi, tieu chuin chat lupng khong khi xung quanh ve cac chi so S02,CO, C 02, N 02, H2S deu a gioi han cho phep

nhung 36/36 (100%) m i u co tong so bui lo lung 1.9 m g / m3 (l - 2,8) vupt gioi han cho phep

7 - 10 l i n (0,3 mg/m3); ca'y trung khPng khi cho ke't qua: N i m 7.3 (2 - 15) khuin lac/dia;

vi khuin la 65.6(1 -90) khuin lac/dia

3.3 Ke't qua khao sat chi tieu vi sinh thuc pham, ngucri che bien thuc pham

Ke't qua khao sat 24 m l u thanh pham thuc pham so voi chi tieu vi sinh theo Quye't dinh so 46/2007/QD-BYT ngay 19/12/2007 v i viec quy dinh gidi han tdi da cac chat 6

n h i i m trong thuc pham cua Bp trudng Bp Y te cho thay: Sd m l u thuc phdm tai co sd

khao sat dat cac chi tieu v6 sinh Coliforms (<102cfu/gam) la 83,3%; E.coli

(<5cfu/gam) la 91,6%; Clostridium perfringer (Ocfu/gam), Staphylococcus aureus (Ocfu/gam) la 100%; T S V K H K (cfu<104) la 50%; T S B T N M - M (<10'cfu) la 58,3%

Ket qua xet nghiem mam benh Shigella, Salmonella, V.cholerae a phan cua 212 mdu

deu cho ke't qua am tinh Nhung ket qua xet nghiem duong tfnh d ban tay cua ngudi true

tiep san xuat, che bien thuc pham tai 12 co sd khao sat vdi Coliforms la kha cao 149/245 (60,8%); E.Coli la 38/245 (15,5%), S.aureus la 8/245 (3,3%)

3.4 Kie'n thdc, thai dp, hanh vi ve sinh an toan thuc pham cua cac ddi tupng

Bdng 5 Ke't qua dieu tra nhdn thdc, thai dd hanh vi ve sinh an toan thifc phdm

ciia ngifdi quan ly ca sd vd ngifdi sdn xuat, che bie'n

Ke't qua dieu tra

quan ly (n,= 33)

Ngudi true tietp san xua't, che' bie'n (n2=146)

1 Nhdn thuc ve ve sinh an toan tlu/c phdm

Hie\i dung ve thuc pham la gi 17(48,6) 134 (91,8)

Hieu dung bieu hien cua ngp dpc thuc pham 19(57,6) 137 (93,8)

Hieu dung benh truyen qua thirc phim 20 (60,6) 144 (98,6)

2 Hanh vi ve ve sinh an toan tlu/c pha'm

Thuc hien rua sach tay bang xa phong trudc khi an va sau

137 (93,8)

Dupe kham sire Idioe dinh ky 21 (63,6) 142 (97,3)

Mac bao hp khi san xua't, che bien thuc pham 23 (69,7) 125 (85,6)

Tham gia hoc tap ve sinh an toan thuc pham 19(57,6) 143 (97,9)

3 Thdi dp ve ve sinh an toan thuc phdm

Quy djnh hoc tap ve sinh an toan thuc pha'm 26 (78,8) 145 (99,3)

Quy dinh khu che bien xa nguon d nhilm 22 (66,7) 144 (98,6)

Quy dinh ve dung nude sach de che bie'n 30 (90,9) 146(100)

Nhdn xet: Ket qua dieu tra cho thay nhan thdc, thai dp hanh vi ve sinh an toan thuc

phdm cua 33 ngudi quan ly co so cd hieu bidt dung vd ve sinh an toan thuc phdm td 57,6 den 97%, thap hon 146 ngudi true tiep san xuat, chd bien (91,8 - 100%) Dieu nay cho thdy dudng nhu nhung ngudi quan ly chua thuc sir coi trong cong tac bao dam ve sinh an toan thuc pham d co sd

I V K E T L U A N V A K I E N N G H I

4.1 Ket kuan

1 Ke't qua khao sat thi diem ve sinh moi trudng 12 co so san suat, che bie'n thuc pham quy mo vua va nho tai Ha Npi va Vinh Phuc cho thay thuc trang 6 nhiem moi truong

do chat thai, nuoc thai va khi thai kha cao:

- Muc dp 6 nhiem cua nude thai so vdi gidi han chat 6 nhiem cho phep d nude thai sinh hoat va nude thai cdng nghidp - tieu chudn thai (TCVN 5945-1945) deu vupt mdc I V :

Do pH; tong chat ran hoa tan (>200mg/l); Coliforms la > 2,4 x 106 ; E.coli la 36.416,7

( 9 x l 04- 1,1x10*)

- Tdng sd lupng rac thai trung binh la 44,7 kg/co sd/ngay (6,2 - 102) Mdc dp o

nhidm cac vi sinh cao: Coliforms la > 2,4 x 106 ; E.coli la l , l x l 03 - 4,3x104;

Pseudomonas la 7x10 - l , l x l 02v a CI Perfringens la 3 , 9 x l 02 - 3 , 0 x l 03 KL/lOOgm

- Chi tidu khong k h i tai khu vuc che bidh, ddng gdi, bao quan thuc phdm: 36/36 (100%) mdu cd tdng sd bui lo ldng 1.9 mg/m3 (1 - 2,8) vupt gidi han cho phep 7 - 10 lan (0,3 mg/m3); ca'y trung khdng khi cho kd't qua d nhidm nam va vi khudn kha nhieu

2 Kdt qua khao sat thi diem dieu kidn vd sinh an toan thuc phdm cua cac co sd con nhieu ba't cap

- So mdu thuc pham dat cac chi tieu vd sinh Coliforms (<102/gam) la 83,3%; E.coli (<5/gam) la 91,6%; Clostridium perfringer (0/gam), Staphyloccoccus aureus (0/gam) la

100%; TSVKHK (<104) la 50%; TSBTNM-M (<10') la 58,3%

- Xet nghidm 6 nhidm vi sinh vat d ban tay cua ngudi true tid'p san xuat, che bidh

thuc pham kha cao: vdi Coliforms la 149/245 (60,8%); E.Coli la 38/245 (15,5%), S aureus la 8/245 (3,3%)

- Nhan thdc, thai dp hanh vi vd sinh an toan thuc pham cua ngudi quan ly co sd cd hieu biet dung vd vd sinh an toan thuc phdm td 57,6 dd'n 97%, thap hon ngudi true tid'p san xuat, che bien (91,8- 100%)

4.2 Kie'n nghj

1 Can tiep tuc xay dung kd' hoach nghien cdu, td chuc khao sat danh gia khach quan cac co sd san xuat, che bie'n kinh doanh thuc pham d quy mo toan qudc nham didu tra thuc trang vd sinh an toan thuc pham, ve sinh moi trudng cac chat thai va xdy dung chi tidt cac hoat dpng phdi hpp nham bao dam dieu kidn vd sinh an toan thuc phdm, vd sinh moi trudng tai cac co so san xuat, che bidh thuc pham

2 Xay dung chinh sach, quy dinh quan ly dieu kien ve sinh an toan thuc pham trong cac co so san xuat, chd' bidh thuc phdm quy md vua va nhd: Tap huan kie'n thdc; kham sue khoe, xet nghidm phan; cap giay chung nhan du dieu kidn vd sinh an toan thuc phdm; thanh tra, kiem tra phat hien sdm cac sai pham va xu ly nghiem

3, Xay dung chinh sach, chd' dp hd trp vdn va ky thuat bao dam ve sinh moi trudng,

vd sinh chat thai, nude thai cho cac co so san suat, che bie'n thuc pham quy md vda, nhd trong thdi gian tdi

T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O

1 Ban chi dao lien nganh ve VSATTP, 2007, Bdo cdo hoi nghi toan qudc ve cdng tdc bdo ddm ve sinh an toan thuc phdm; Hd Ndi, thdng 0112007

2 Ldm Quoc Hung, Tq Ngpc Thanh, Nguyen Thi Phuong Mai (2007), Mpt sd ddc diem dich te hpc cdc vu ngd dpc thuc phdm trong toan qudc tit nam 2002 den 9 thdng ddu nam 2007, Hpi nghi Khoa hpc ve sinh an toan thuc phdm toan qudc ldn 4, Thanh phd HdChiMinh, 1112007

3 Trdn Ddng va cs, 2005 Bdo cdo ket qud Du dn md rpng md hinh hoat ddng gidm sat cdc benh truyen qua thuc phdm, Hd Ndi 2005

4 FAO, 2002, The Experience of improving the safety of street food - FAOIWHO Global Forum of food safety Regulators, Morocco, 28-30 Jan 2002

5 USA Food and Drug Administration Protecting the Food Supply, 2006, 'An Introductory Session to Raise Awareness on Food Defense ", New York, 2006