Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc te 2010 Cdng nghiep md tien tiin vi su phat trien ben viing CO H O I X A Y D U N G C A C D U * A N K H I M E T A N M O T H A N • • • T R E N T H E G l 6 l V A 6 V I[.]
Trang 1Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc te - 2010 Cdng nghiep md tien tiin vi su phat trien ben viing
CO H O I X A Y D U N G C A C D U * A N K H I M E T A N M O T H A N
• • •
T R E N T H E G l 6 l V A 6 V I E T N A M
TS Jayne Somers
Cue Bao ve M o i truong M y Charlee Boger,
Ca quan Tai nguyen dat, M y
1 Tong quan
1.1 Su thodt khi metan tren toan cau
K h i metan c h i e m t o i 14% hieu u n g k h i nha k i n h tren toan cau ( G H G ) , chi clung sau khi cacbonic (CO2), H i e u u n g k h i nha k i n h ( G H G ) la do cac hoat dong cua con n g u d i gay nen K h i metan tao nen bay nhiet trong bau k h i quyen t d i 25 lan g i o n g n h u k h i CO2 (Metan
to Markets, 2010a) T r o n g nam 2005, K h i metan thoat ra bau k h i quyen tren toan cau duoc
du tinh khoang 6,407 trieu tan k h i C 02 quy d d i ( M M T C 02E ) ( U S E P A , 2006a) Su thoat khi metan toan cau da tang tir nam 1990 va dugc d u bao se tiep tuc tang H i n h 1 d u bao su thoat k h i metan theo ngudn nam 2005 Theo dd, cac ngudn cd su thoat k h i vao bau k h i quyen toan cau nam 2005 khac nhau; k h i metan tir cac m d than ( C M M ) c h i l m t d i 6 % tdng lugng k h i thoat vao bau k h i quyen ( U S E P A , 2006a)
F i B i
Hinh 1 Sir thodt khi metan vao bau khi quyen theo cdc ngudn, 2005
Ngudn: USEPA (2006a) Ghi chu: 1- Nang luong sinh khdi, 3%; 2- Nhien lieu xe cd 1%; 3- Nude thai, 9%;
4- Phan bdn, 4%; 5- Bdi chon lap rdc thdi, 12%; 6- Than, 6%; 7- Dau, khi, 18%;
8- Xac ddng vdt; 9- Lua; 10% - Cdc nguon nong nghiep khdc 7%>;
Trung Quoc, A n Do, M y , Brazil, Nga va Mexico la cac qudc gia dan dau ve van de nay trong nam 2005
1.2 Su thodt khi metan tirmd than
K h i metan m d than ( C M M ) dugc coi la k h i metan thoat ra tir than va ddt da x u n g quanh do cac hoat ddng khai thac m d Trong cac mo ham 16, k h i metan thoat ra cd t h i gay
Trang 2Hpi nghi khoa hoc kT thudt mo qudc te - 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tien vi su phat trien bin virng
India North Korea 5 7 % 6.0%_ ^
Poland Germany 2.7% 1-9*
China .2%
chay, no l a m nguy h i e m cho cong nhan, do chung dugc chuyen dich b a i he thong thong gio B e loai trir su nguy h i e m nay, chung can dugc l a m loang bang viec thong gio ciing v a i viec thao k h i bang cac 16 khoan va he thong thu k h i T r o n g nhirng k h u m o da t h o i khai thac
va cac m o 16 thien, k h i metan co the dugc thoat ra ngoai bang he thong khe nut t u nhien hoac dugc khuech tan b a i cac nguon khac
K h i metan m o than dugc
thoat ra tir nam nguon:
• Tir cac he thong khir k h i
cua cac m o than khai thac bang
phuong phap ham 16 ( t h u a n g dugc
goi la he thong thao k h i ) He thong
nay t h u a n g dugc sir dung cdc 16
khoan thang d u n g hoac nam ngang
de thu h o i k h i metan 6 phia truac
khi khai thac (dugc goi la 16 khoan
thao k h i truac khai thac) hoac sau
khi khai thac (dugc goi la 16 khoan
thao k h i v u n g pha hoa)
• T h o n g gio tir cac m o ham
16 nham giam nong do k h i metan
• T u cac m o dirng khai thac hoac dong cira, k h i metan co the dugc thoat ra ngoai bang cac d u o n g 16 thong gio, cac khe nut trong tang dat da
• Tir cac m o khai thac bang p h u o n g phap 16 thien, k h i metan dugc thoat true tiep tir cac via than vao k h o n g k h i qua be mat 16
• Tir cac hoat dong sau khai thac, k h i metan dugc thoat ra tir kho bai chira than va ca trong qua t r i n h van chuyen chung
N h i n chung, C M M c h i e m t o i 6 % ciia toan bo l u g n g k h i metan thoat ra bau khi quyen trong nam 2005 va bang 388.14 trieu tan k h i C 02 quy d 6 i Su thoat C M M da giam tir nam 1990 n h u n g van co t r i i n v g n g tang tiep vao khoang n a m 2020 H i n h 3 Su thoat
C M M toan cau hang nam (trieu tan k h i C 02 q u i doi)
i Tinh toan • l Du bao
United States 12.7%
Hinh 2 Su thodt khi metan theo quoc gia, du bdo 2010
Nguon: USEPA (2006a)
a
J3
o
600
c
f
M
BO
-1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Nam
2020
Hinh 3 Su* thodt CMM toan cau hang nam (tr tan khi C0 2 qui ddi) Nguon: USEPA (2006a)
3 2 8
Trang 3Hpi nghi khoa hoc ki thuat md quoc ti - 2010 Cong nghiep mo tien tien vi su* phat trien ben viing
1.3 Thodt CMM cua mot so quoc gia chinh
T r u n g Quoc, M y , Ucraina, Nga, Trieu T i e n , va A u s t r a l i a la cac nuac co l u g n g C M M thoat ra nhieu nhat trong nam 2005 H i n h 4: Su thoat C M M toan cau hang nam (trieu tan
k h i C 02 qui doi) bieu dien k h 6 i l u g n g C M M cua cac nuac nay theo t i n h toan nam 2005 va
d u bao t a i nam 2020
200!> 2010 'i 2020
Hinh 4 Su- thodt CMM theo quoc gia (trieu tan khi C0 2 qui ddi)
Ngudn: USEPA (2006a)
2 T h u h o i C M M v a q u a n d i e m ve s u d u n g
Trong cac m o than ham 16, k h i metan co the tao nen nhirng v u chay no v i vay can thiet phai loai bo chung T h u a n g t h i van de nay dugc giai quyet bang bien phap thong gio Trong nhung m o co do chua k h i I o n t h i ngoai bien phap thong gio can phai tien hanh khir khi bang cac 16 khoan thao k h i
2.1 Thu hoi CMM
2.1.1 Phuang phap thdng gid
Thong gio ( V A M ) la bien phap l a m g i a m nong do k h i metan thoat ra t u cac gieng 16
V A M dugc thu hoi tir cac quat gio dung cho muc dich nhiet nang hoac k y thuat o x y hoa, ca hai bien phap nay dugc coi n h u la k y thuat giam h o n hop chat boc hiru ca ( V O C ) N h u n g
ky thudt nay k h o n g sinh ra chat de chay trong hon hop cua V A M , Chung co the san sinh ra nhiet nang hoac dien nang dung cho turbin h a i nuac Cac m o than dugc thong gio bang he thong quat tao ra su chenh lech ap xuat khong k h i trong d u o n g 16 tao ra dong k h i chuyen dong trong mo T r o n g ca hai t r u a n g hgp, n g u a i ta t h u o n g dung cac loai quat cong suat I o n
de lam cho k h o n g k h i chuyen dong
N o n g do k h i metan trong luong gio thuang qui d i n h nho h a n 2 % V a i k i c h ban nay, oxy hoa V A M chi tao nen sir suy giam C M M T a i nong do V A M l a n han 0.6% chung chi
co khd nang san xuat dien nang bang dong nuoc khep k i n qua thiet b i khir o x y va lay nhiet
de tao h o i nuoc cho t u r b i n T u y nhien, kha nang k i n h te phat dien bdng V A M chi dugc ban
Trang 4Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc ti - 2010 Cdng nghiep md tien tiin vi su phat triin bin vung
v d i gia dien cue bo D a y la m o t cong nghe t u o n g d d i m d i , h i e n c h i cd hai d u an mang tinh chat t h u o n g m a i dang hoat ddng tren the g i d i Ca hai qudc gia M y va A u s t r a l i a dang gidi
thieu cdng nghe nay bang d u an t r i n h dien, va ca hai nude nay deu cd d u an mang tinh
thuong m a i dang hoat ddng tai cac m d h a m l d Cac d u an t h u o n g m a i cung dang duoc trien khai tai M y va T r u n g Qudc
2.1.2 He thdng khu khi
He thong khir k h i va thao k h i cung duoc lap dat n h a m t h u h d i k h i metan de sir dung
K h i metan cd the duoc t h u h d i tir cac v i a than bang n h u n g l d k h o a n thang dirng trong suot
10 nam trudc k h i cd hoat ddng san xuat m d hoac n h u n g 16 k h o a n ngang trudc vai nam khi bat dau tien hanh khai thac m d ( U S E P A , 2006b) K h i metan cung cd the t h u h d i duoc tir vung pha hda qua cac l d khoan V u n g pha hda la khoang k h o n g k h a i thac, n o i dat da bi do sap xudng sau g u o n g than, n o i than da dupe khai thac va cac v i chdng ciing duoc do, thu hoi K h i metan v u n g pha hoa co the dat ndng do tir 50 % den 90 % ( U S E P A , 1999) Tuy thuoc vao chat l u o n g , k h i metan thu h o i dupe tir he thong khir k h i co the sir dung cho nhieu muc dich khac nhau
2.2 Khd nang su dung
Tren the g i d i , C M M t h u d n g dupe sir dung de phat dien, sudi am hoac dung lam nhien lieu ld h o i ; T u y nhien, C M M cung dupe dung n h u k h i gas hoac ban cho cdng nghiep khi t u nhien N h u n g kha nang sir dung khac n h u la p h u gia hda chat, hoac de say than Tai
M y , phan l d n k h i C M M dupe t h u h d i deu dung de b o m vao he t h o n g d u d n g k h i t u nhien
K h i metan cung dupe dung l a m phao sang Sau day la n h u n g sir dung k h i C M M thong dung nhat
2.2.7 Phat dien
C M M co the duac diing de phat di^n phuc vu cho hang loat cong nghe khac nhau bao gom: dong ca dot trong (IC), turbin khi, noi hai hoac turbin hai nude Hien tai tren the gidi co 67 du an phat dien diing C M M Phan ldn cac du an nay d Due (30), Trung Quoc (17), Anh (11) va Australia (6)
2.2.2 Lam khi dot
C M M cd the b o m vao he thdng d u d n g ong k h i t u nhien neu ha tang co sd cho phep
K h i C M M cd the duoc l a m giau trudc k h i b o m vao he t h o n g neu chat l u p n g ciia duong ong k h i yeu cau H i e n tai tren the g i d i cd t d i 36 d u an d u d n g o n g C M M M y co 32 d u an,
24 trong so do duoc trien khai trong cac m o da dirng hoat dpng T r u n g quoc co 10 d u an khi dot cho thanh pho, phuc v u cho h o n 100.000 hp dan sir dung d o i v d i m d i d u an M o t so
d u an khac co the ban k h i true tiep cho cac nha may, n h u d u an k i n metan cua mo than dirng khai thac d M i d w e s t , M y , gan nha may xe tai Toyota
2.2.3 Khi ep tu nhien va khi hda long
Co nhung cdng nghe dung dk tao ra k h i hoa l o n g va k h i nen t u nhien D u an C M M
loai nay t h u d n g d t r o n g m o t mire dp hep h o n so v d i k h i t u nhien truyen thdng, v i vay, loai cong nghe dp dung cho chung phai co q u i m o nho, dap u n g muc tieu k i n h te H i e n nay, tai
mo than Furong t i n h Sichuan, T r u n g Qu6c co m o t d u an sir dung C M M l a m nhien lieu cho
3 3 0
Trang 5Hdi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc te - 2010 Cdng nghiep md tien tien vi su phat trien ben viing
xe buyt, cung v a i L N G m o t s6 d u an ciing dang dugc xay d u n g va trien khai tai T r u n g Quoc va Ba L a n
2.2.4 Nhien lieu Id hai
C M M cung dugc sir dung cho 16 h a i dung v a i muc d i c h suoi am va dun nuac T h i du nhu nha tam, nha tap the, k h u dan c u can nuac nong nam gan hoac ngay tren cac mo than Dong thai a nhieu v u n g can phai l a m nong k h o n g k h i truac k h i no dugc b a m vao m o H i e n tai co 23 d u an nhien lieu cho 16 h a i sir dung C M M , trong do 5 a B a L a n , 4 a N g a va Trung Quoc, va m o t so a Ucraina va A n h Trai l a i , cac thiet b i d o i nhiet co the dung lam lanh khong k h i trong cac m o sau, trong dieu k i e n nhiet do k h o n g k h i khac nghiet
2.2.5 Trong nganh cdng nghiep
C M M co the dung l a m nguyen lieu hoa chat, n h u methanol hoac san pham bot den Cac d u an khac dung C M M de che tao than coc 6 Ucraina va Phap, nhien lieu cho cac 16 cao luyen n h o m tai cac nha may a l u m i n u m 6 T r u n g Quoc, nhien lieu cho nha may k i n h 6 Anh C M M cung dugc dung de san xuat dimetila, ete theo cong nghe cua Nhat Ban (Metan
to Markets, 2009)
2.2.6 Cdc ung dung khdc
C M M doi k h i dugc dung trong cac nha may tuyen than de l a m nhien lieu cho may say, lam kho than C M M cung dugc sir dung trong 22 d u an nhiet hon hgp va he thong dien tren toan cau
2.2.7 Thieu dot
Phuang phap thieu dot k h i metan chi dung cho muc d i c h khir k h i metan giam hieu img nha k i n h ( G H G ) , hien co 3 d u an sir dung p h u a n g phap nay 6 A n h T h i e u dot k h i metan cung dugc ap dung 6 Ucraina va Australia ( Me ta n to Markets, 2010b)
3 G i a m s u t h o a t k h i
Hien co hon 200 d u an t h u h o i va sir dung C M M tren khap the g i a i da loai trir dugc hon 3.8 ty m"^ k h i metan h a y 54 trieu tan CO2 q u i d o i Hoa k y la quoc gia co l u o n g k h i
C M M lan nhat va la nuoc dan dau ve mire do giam l u g n g k h i nay sap x i 1.1 ty metan (16 trieu tan CO2 q u i d o i ) hang nam (Franklin, 2007) Cac nuoc khac ciing thu h o i dugc mgt khoi l u g n g I o n C M M la T r u n g Qu6c? D u e va Australia ( H i n h 5: Su thoat C M M va khir k h i ciia mot so nuoc nam 2005 (trieu tan k h i O2 quy d o i )
1 eo
1 H,0
1 40
1 20
100
-£3 Lirong CMM thoat ra (tri?u tan C02 qui ddi)
m Lugng CMM duoc khir (trieu tan CO2 qui doi)
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o
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Hinh 5 Su thodt CMM vd khu khi cua mot so nude nam 2005 (trieu tan khi C0 2 qui ddi)
Nguon: Franklin (2007)
Trang 6Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tiin vi sir phat triin bin virng
6 3
7 2
n Hanoi
Da R ve- c-t Song
Cs River anc
Ngne Tirh
' Guang Ninr
2 Tnai Nigjyon
i Nen Path
b Da Rtve
6 Ca Prva'
7 Red Rivet
B Na DucrtQ
Red River Delta
Hue Nong Son - deposit
per: af shipment coatt eld
300 Krn
3a River - doocsit "
Ho Chi Minh City
Mekong Rive^ Delta • oea- deposit
sach
3.1 Cdc dir dn co che phat trien
Cac d u an ca che phat trien sach ( C D M ) duac bat dau t u n a m 2006, va da
co h o n 1000 d u an dugc ddng k y va dugc cap chung c h i g i a m su thoat k h i (CERs)
v a i k h o i l u g n g h a n 2.7 t y tan CO2 qui doi theo cam ket hiep udc K y o t o , 2008-2012
D u an C M M dau tien dugc dang k y la du
an C D M vao n a m 2007 Tiep sau co tai tong so 26 d u an da dugc dang k y Tat ca cac d u an C D M C M M deu la ciia Trung Quoc
Cac d u an C M M dugc coi la du an
ca che phdt trien sach ( C D M ) dugc phe chuan theo m g t p h u o n g phap thong nhat
A C M 0 0 0 8 : Phuong phap thong nhat cho khi methan via than khi methan md than
vd thdng gid thu hdi khi metan va sir dung cho phdt dien (dien va co) nhiet hoac giam khd nang chay— Version 6 A C M 0 0 0 8 ap
dung cho cac d u an m o ham 16 Su sira doi phuang phap se dugc thong bao va neu dugc chap thuan t h i A C M 0 0 0 8 se dugc
m a rong cho cdc d u an thao k h i truoc va thoat k h i tai cac m o 16 thien (UNFCCC, 2010)
3.2 Thuong mai khi metan
Figure 6: Viet Nam's Coalfields
Source: Baruya (2010)
N h a n biet dugc vai tro quan trong ciia k h i metan l a m trai dat nong len va
t i e m nang sir dung chung n h u mot dang nang l u g n g sach m a 14 quoc gia da cirng nhau k h a i dong chuong t r i n h k h i metan cho t h i truang Theo su cam ket cua cac chinh phu
va cac cong t y t u nhan, k h i metan cho t h i t r u a n g da mang lai r h i r n g tien bo k y thuat, kinh nghiem t h i truang, tai c h i n h va ruhung dang cong nghe can thiet cho viec t h u h o i k h i metan
va cac d u an phat trien trong 4 l i n h virc, nong nghiep, cac m o than, bai chon lap rac thai va
he thong ddu k h i H i e n co 32 qu6c gia la d6i tac ciia d u an trong do co V i e t N a m Thi truang cho k h i metan da tao ra hang loat van de quan trgng, hiru i c h va cac nguon tai nguyen d 6 i dao cho m o i nganh Dac biet nganh than co mot he thong ca sa d u lieu de co the t i l n hanh nghien c u u theo hang loat chi tieu bao g o m cac d u an mang t a m toan cau nhu tai lieu " T o n g quan k h i metan toan cau" bao g o m cac van de n h u sau:
332
Trang 7Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md quoc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tien vi su* phdt trien ben viing
• T h o n g t i n ve than va vai tro cua no trong t u n g quoc gia,
• Sir tdn tai CMM va hoat dong rong rai ciia khi metan via than
• Thi truong va cac van de qui dinh ve khi metan doi vai cac nuac la doi tac cung
nhu cac quoc gia san xuat than chinh khac
4 C a h o i cho d u an d V i e t N a m
• • •
4.1 Tdng quan ve nganh than Viet Nam va sur thodt khi CMM cua Viet Nam
Viet N a m hien co t r u l u o n g than da khoang 150 trieu tan, da phan la than anthracite (EIA, 2009; E I A , 2007) T r u l u o n g than cua viet N a m phan I o n duoc t i m thay d viing phia Bac, tinh Quang N i n h va chau thd song Hong T r u l u o n g tai day udc t i n h khoang 190 - 272
ty tan (Metan to Markets, 2009) N g a n h cdng nghiep than ciia V i e t N a m do doanh nghiep nha nude quan l y , V i n a c o m i n nam g i u 100% cac m d than cua dat nude
N a m 2008, V i e t N a m khai thac duac gan 40 trieu tan than San l u g n g khai thac than tang mot each dn d i n h tir nhung nam 1990 ( E I A , 2009) va da dat dugc 3 5 % cdng suat Viet N a m dang tien hanh nghien c u u de tang san l u g n g khai thac t r u l u o n g than anthracite
d nhirng dd sau h o n v d i than chat l u g n g cao de xuat khau cung n h u de phat trien cac nha may nhiet dien ddt than Cac be than ciia V i e t N a m dugc bieu dien tren h i n h 6: Cac be than ciia Viet N a m
Ciing v d i viec tang san l u g n g khai thac than va tien hanh khai thac cac v i a than nam
d mire sau, su thoat C M M d V i e t N a m cung se tang len H i e n tai chua cd m o t d u an thu hdi khi C M M nao trien khai, hoat ddng hoac phat trien d V i e t N a m N a m 2005, V i e t N a m xep thu 23 ve su thoat k h i C M M tren the g i d i X e m tdng hop sir thoat C M M ciia V i e t N a m d bang dudi
Bang 1 Su thodt khi CMM cua Viet Nam
.y ^
Nghin tan C 02 q u i d d i
Nguon: U S E P A (2006a) * ] Du bao
4.2 Dir bdo tiem nang cua Viet Nam
M o t nghien c u u gan day ciia 25 m d than tai V i e t N a m da dugc cdng bd, xac d i n h nong do k h i ciia than va d u doan dd thoat k h i vao m d Bay m d dugc xep vao loai m d cd do chua k h i dac biet K e t qua d u bao va nghien ciru ve kha nang ciia he thdng thdng g i d m d dugc sir dung de d u t i n h k h d i l u g n g k h i metan cd the duoc t h u h d i bang he thong khoan thao k h i M d than M a o K h e la m d cd do chira k h i l d n nhat da dugc lap dat he thdng k i e m tra k h i metan t u ddng D a y la nhung cd gang do ket qua tir cac v u chay nd do su thoat k h i metan tai cac m d than ciia V i e t N a m vira qua
Viet N a m la nude da k y ket ca hai hiep d i n h U N F C C C va K y o t o Protocol D o dieu khoan N o n - A n n e x I ciia hiep udc K y o t o Protocol, V i e t N a m k h o n g cd muc tieu quoc gia
Trang 8Hpi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt mo quoc te - 201U Cong nghiep mo tien tiin vi su phat triin bin virng
ve k h i thai va co du t u each to chuc tien hanh cac d u an g i a m thai d u a i dang C a Che Phat Trien Sach V i e t N a m da dang k y thanh cong m o t s6 d u an C D M t r o n g cac nganh khac bao gom, thuy dien, nuac thai va chon lap k h i
D o khai thac than dang tiep tuc gia tang san l u o n g d l dap u n g n h u cau 200 trieu tan than vao nam 2020, v i vay, cac d u an C M M ngay cang t r a nen hap dan ( M O N R E , 2010a)
V i cac m o than duoc k h a i thac bang p h u a n g phap 16 thien sap ket thuc, V i e t N a m dang tim
k i e m bien phap de tang san l u o n g khai thac cac v i a than anthracite phan bo 6 nhung muc sau de dap u n g nhu cau cua nen k i n h te Cac nha may dien dot than dang ngay cang tang vi
V i e t N a m dang phai d o i mat v o i su thieu hut dien nang khoang 8-10 T W h trong nam 2008-09 Su thieu hut nay se co the la 115-225 T W h vao n a m 2020, (Baruya, 2010)
Hien trong nuoc dang co nhiing thao thuan xung quanh viec sir dung k h i t u nhien lam nhien lieu cho cac nha may dien cung n h u sir dung k h i t u nhien hoa long ( C N G ) de diing cho
xe co ( M O N R E , 2010b; M O N R E , 2010c) Trong nam 2008 va nira ddu nam 2009, Viet Nam
da khoi dong mot so nha may dien v o i cong suat 5 G f W e , T r o n g so do, nha may dien dirng khi
t u nhien chiem da phan (2.7 G W e ) (Baruya, 2010) D o nhu cau ve sir dung k h i t u nhien dang tang, v i vay van de ve m o than va k h i m o than can duoc x e m xet
Ci V i e t N a m co nhieu v u n g co t i e m nang phat trien C M M va C B M V u n g chau tho song H o n g la m o t v i i n g k i n h te quan trong cua phia bac V i e t N a m K h u vuc nay co chiia cac v i a than phan bo 6 mire sau tir 250 den 1200 met, v a i m o t dien t i c h trai rong t o i 3.500
k m Day la than loai nau co do chiia k h i uoc t i n h tir 0.94 den 1.6 m /tan (30 den 50 scf/ton), vao khoang tir 170 den 280 t i m3 (6 - 10 T c f ) M o t v i i n g khac co the quan tam den
do la v i m g than Quang N i n h , keo dai h o n 200 k m tir dong t a i tay n a m a phia bac Viet Nam
v o i dien tich khoang 5 0 0 0 k m2
M a c d i i chua dupe xac d i n h , n h u n g t i e m nang cua vimg nay la muc tieu de tien hanh nghien c u u C M M va C B M (Thai, 2008)
H i e n k h o n g co d u an C M M nao 6 V i e t N a m ; tuy nhien; cong nghiep C B M dang xuat hien trong cac v i i n g n o i co cac m o than dang khai thac Phan I o n cac hoat dong C B M ciia
V i e t N a m den nay deu a v u n g chau tho song H o n g C o n g t y Keeper Resources dang trien khai d u an hut C B M dau tien C o n g t y da thoa tuan quyen k h a i thac C B M v o i Tong cong
ty dau k h i V i e t N a m (PetroVietnam) va cong ty san xuat, k h a i thac dau k h i V i e t Nam (PVEP) tren m o t dien t i c h rong khoang gan 3.600km ciia v u n g chau tho song H o n g , nam phia N a m H a N o i Sau ba nam t h u o n g thao, m o t H o p dong phah chia san pham C B M (PSC) da duoc k y ket vao dau nam 2010 D u an se duac tien hanh bang viec thiet ke khoan cac 16 khoan trong v i m g , hop dong che bien sau k h i k h u v u c cua d u an duoc phe duyet (Dragon Capital, 2008; D r a g o n Capital, 2010) T r o n g k h u o n kho d u an ve tiem nang
C B M trong v i m g chau th6 song H 6 n g cong ty Keeper da uoc d i n h nguon k h i o day co then vong dat khoang 55 t y m3 (Keeper, 2005)
Ngoai ra, cong ty Arrow Energy da ky voi PSC cirng voi PVEP quyen khai thac
C B M k h u dat co dien t i c h 2.743 K m2 trong viing chau th6 Song H o n g C o n g ty PSC yeu cdu A r r o w t i l n hanh khoan tam lo khoan trong m o t block V i e c khoan tham do da dugc bat ddu trong thang 1, 2009 ( A r r o w , 2009)
3 3 4
Trang 9Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thudt md qudc te - 2010 Cong nghiep md tien tiin vi su phdt trien bin viing
5 K e t l u a n
Hien tai, co h o n 200 d u an C M M dang trien khai a 14 quoc gia, t h u h o i dugc 3 ty m3
khi metan hang nam ( O E C D / I E A , 2008) M y va T r u n g quoc la hai nuoc co nguon thai k h i
C M M Ion nhat, la hai nuac dan ddu trong cac d u an t h u h o i va sir dung C M M Phan Ion
cac d u an nay dang sir dung k h i de ban hoac diing de phat dien; T u y nhien, con co nhieu
muc dich sir dung C M M khac co the dugc ap dung va se dugc trien khai tren toan cau
Ciing v a i su m a rong cong nghe thong gio l a m giam k h i metan ( V A M ) va k h i hoa l o n g
( L N G ) , nhieu ca h o i cho d u an m a i C M M tiep tuc phdt trien
N h i e u quoc gia ciia chau A co tiem nang I o n ve d u an C M M T r u n g quoc co nhieu
du an C M M dang hoat dong; T u y nhien, van con co hang ngan m o than co t i e m nang cao
ve d u an nay M o n g Co va A n D o co t r u l u g n g than I o n van chua dugc dua vao t h i t r u o n g
C B M va C M M Su phat trien C B M dang dugc bat dau a i n Indonesia va cac d u an C M M
co the dugc trien khai tren nhieu m o 16 thien B a i co nhieu quoc gia chau A da k y ca hai
hiep uoc U N F C C C va K y o t o Protocol cung n h u p h u luc N o n - A n n e x I Parties, N h i e u quoc
gia co kha nang dang cai cac d u an C D M , n h u n g d u an nay se dugc phat trien tao ca hoi
cho viec ban trao d o i k h i carbonic
Tai V i e t N a m , v a i d u bdo su thieu hut dien nang, nhu cau tang ca hai nguon nhien
lieu la than va k h i t u nhien, cac d u an C M M se la trien v g n g de g i a m su thoat k h i tir nganh
cong nghiep khai thac than dang phat t h e n va se thu dugc l g i i c h bang cac d u an C D M ,
cung nhu san xuat dugc nhieu k h i t u nhien can thiet cho nganh cong nghiep dien
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1.Arrow (2009): Vietnam - Arrow Energy
http://www.arrowenergy.com.au/page/Projects/Vietnam/
2 Baruya (2010): Prospects for Coal in Vietnam Paul Baruya, I E A Clean Coal Centre
CCC/164, ISBN 978-92-9029-484-9, February 2010
http://www.iea-coal.org.uk/site/ieacoal/publications/newsletter/current-issue/prospects-for-coal-in-vietnam
3 Dragon Capital (2008) Vietnam Resource Investments Dragon Capital Markets Limited
Monthly Report March 2008 http://www.dragoncapital.com/UserFiles/File/monthly
report/2008/Mar/MR 200803VRI.pdf?PHPSESSID=elfc9daald3bfa3ae589ab41f43ad982
4 Dragon Capital (2010): Vietnam January 2010 Update Dragon Capital Markets Limited
January, 2010 http://www.dragoncapital.com/UserFiles/File/monthly report/2010/Jan/MR 201001.pdf
5 EIA (2007): EIA Country Analysis Brief: Viet Nam - Coal U.S Energy Information
Administration, Washington, DC July 2007 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Viet
Nam/Coal.html
6 EIA (2009): International Energy Statistics U.S Energy Information Administration,
Independent Statistics and Analysis 2009 http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/IEDIndex3.cfm
7 Franklin (2007): Coal Mine Metan Recovery & Utilization: A Global Overview of Project
Opportunities Dr Pamela Franklin, Coalbed Metan Outreach Program, US Environmental
Trang 10Hoi nghi khoa hoc ki thuqt md qudc te - 2010 Cdng nghiep md tien tien v i su phdt triin bin rung
Protection Agency Presented at the Metan to Markets Partnership Expo October 30 200"
Beijing China, http: methanetomarkets.org expo_chinaO~ docs postexpo coal_franklin.pdf
S Keeper (2005): Vietnam C B M Review Keeper Resources 2005 hrrp: \\A\YY,keeperresources.com Vietnam C B M Review.pdf
9 Metan to Markets (2009): Global Overview of CMM Opportunities Metan to Markets
USEPA Coalbed Metan Outreach Program January 2009 http: www methanetomarkets.org m2m2009 tools-resources'coal_overview.aspx
10 Metan to Markets (2010a): About Methane Metan to Markets Accessed 2010
hup: methanetomarkets.org about methane.aspx
11 Metan to Markets (2010b): Metan to Markets International Coal Mine Metan Projects
Database Metan to Markets Accessed 2010 http: \\Y\YY2.ergweb.com cmm index.aspx
12 MONRE (2010a): Coal sector urged to ensure occupational health and safety Met
Nam Ministry o f Natural Resources and Environment January 25 2010
http: wv^vv.monre.gOY.vn monreNet Default.aspx'?tabid=256&ItemID=~9305
15 MONRE (2010b): US offers to help Vietnam exploit gas resen-es Viet Nam Ministry of
Natural Resources and Environment March 19 2010 http: YsA\Av.monre.gOY.vn monreNet Default.aspx'^abid=256&ItemID=81570
14 M O N R E (^OlOc): Greater government support needed for natural gas Viet Nam
Ministry o f Natural Resources and Environment April 2 2010
http: \\AY\Y.monre.gOY.Yn monreNet Default.aspx°tabid=259iS:ItemID=823 02
15 OECD TEA (200S): Workshop Report New Trends in Coalmine Metan Recover, and
Utilization Szczyrk Poland February 2~-29 2008 Report written by Dr Ming Yang
International Energy Agency April 7 2008 Paris France http: VA\AY.iea.org papers 2008 methane_recovery.pdf
16 Thai (200S): Coal Bed Metan in Viernam is Hot Thai Son Do Research Associate
Energy i ; Power Systems Practice Frost Sc Sullivan August 7, 2008
http: WAYYY.frost.com prod sen let market-insight-top.pag?docid=1401823S9
17 UNFCCC (,2010): AM_REY_0185: Capture and destruction of metan from an opencast
coal UNFCCC February 16 2010 http: cdm.unfccc.int methodologies PAmethodologies revisions 45828
IS USEPA (1999) U.S Metan Emissions 1990-2020: Inventories Projections, and
Opportunities for Reductions (EPA Report 430-R-99-013) US Environmental Protection Aaencv
1999
19 LSEPA (2006a): Global Anthropogenic Emissions of Xon-C02 Greenhouse Gases:
1990-2020 (EPA Report 430-R-06-003) US Environmental Protection Agency 2006
WWA\ epa.gov climatechange economics international.html
20 USEPA (2006b): Global Mitigation ofNon-C02 Greenhouse Gases (EPA Report
430-R-06-005) US Environmental Protection Agency 2006 http: www.epa.gov climatechange economics international.html
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