In order to/ so as to + V … để, để mà * Được dùng trong câu để giới thiệu về mục đích của hành động được nhắc đến ngay trước đó.. Active sentences Câu chủ động: - Câu chủ động là câu tr
Trang 1HƯỚNG DẪN ÔN TẬP MỘT SỐ KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN MÔN TIẾNG ANH 8
A THEORY
I In order to/ so as to + V … để, để mà
* Được dùng trong câu để giới thiệu về mục đích của hành động được nhắc đến ngay trước đó.
- Phủ định: in order not to/ so as not to + V …
Examples:
a I study English in order to speak to my English friend.
b He works hard so as to have a better life in the future.
c Ba worked hard in order not to fail the test
Remember:
- Cấu trúc in order to/ so as to chỉ áp dụng được khi 2 chủ từ 2 câu giống nhau.
Eg: We got to the cinema early We wanted to have good seats.
-> We got to the cinema early in order to have good seats.
- Một số cấu trúc tương đương với cấu trúc in order to/ so as to
1 To + V …
Eg: I often get up early in order to revise my lessons.
I often get up early so as to revise my lessons.
I often get up early to revise my lessons.
- Tuy nhiên, không dùng not + to V thay thế cho in order/so as + not to V.
2 So that + a clause
S + V + so that S + can/ could/ will/would(not) + V …
Eg: They ran fast so that they could catch the bus.
3 For + N/V-ing …
Eg: She went to the market for buying some food.
Practice 1: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1 He took off his shoes in order (not make) any noise.
2 I am saving money so as (buy) a new house.
3 Mary wrote a notice on the board in order (inform) her classmates about the change
in schedule.
4 My sister studies hard this year so as (pass) the entrance exam to the university.
5 Nga went to the library for (borrow) some books.
Practice 2: Viết lại câu với cấu trúc in order to/so as to/so that.
Eg: He opened the window He wanted to let fresh air in.
-> He opened the window in order to let fresh air in.
-> He opened the window so as to let fresh air in.
-> He opened the window so that he could let fresh air in.
1 I took my camera I wanted to take some photos.
-> ………
2 He studied really hard He wanted to get better marks.
-> ………
3 Mr Tuan has saved money He will buy a new car.
-> ………
4 We are going to cinema We will watch a horror film.
Trang 2-> ………
5 She’s studying because she wants to become a very important person in life.
-> ………
II Requests, offers and promises.
1 Requests:
- Will/ would/ can/ could you + V …?
+ Sure/ Ok/ All right/ I’m sorry, I can’t/ I’ afraid not
- Practice making and responding to requests
Eg: give me the pen
A: Can you give me the pen, please?
B: Sure Here you are
a) turn on the TV
b) show me the way to the post office
c) get me a bandage
d) bring me a cup of coffee
e) buy me a new pen
2 Offers:
- Would you like …?
- What can I get for you …?
- Shall I …?
- Will/ won’t you have ?
- Can I get you …?
+ Yes, please/ That would be nice/ No, thank you.
- Practice making and responding to offers
Eg: take you some aspirins
A: Shall I take you some aspirins?
B: That would be nice
a) carry the bag for you
b) make you some coffee
c) take you some photos
d) get you some water
e) help you carry your luggage
3 Promises:
- I promise I will …
- I promise I won’t …
- I promise to + V …
+ I hope so/ Good/ I’m glad/ Don’t forget
- Practice making and responding to promises
Eg: study hard this semester
A: I promise I will study hard this semester
B: I hope so.
a) try my best to improve English
b) not play soccer in the kitchen
c) come to class on time
d) not go home late
e) not tell anyone about this.
Trang 3III Active and passive sentences (Câu chủ động và câu bị động)
1 Active sentences (Câu chủ động):
- Câu chủ động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật thực hiện hành động.
2 Passive sentences (Câu bị động):
- Câu bị động là câu trong đó chủ ngữ là người hay vật nhận hoặc chịu tác động của hành động.
a Form: S + be + V (pp)+ ( by agent).
Eg: This tree was planted by my grandfather.
S be + pp O
b Usage: Câu bị động được dùng:
- Khi người thực hiện hành động không quan trọng đối với ý nghĩa người nói muốn diễn tả.
Eg: This school was built 10 years ago.
- Khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh vào người nhận hành động.
Eg: The old man was hit by a car.
- Khi muốn câu nói mang tính khách quan, không thuộc về bất cứ người nào.
Eg: It is believed that she has won the prize.
- Khi người hoặc vật thực hiện hành động đã rõ ràng.
Eg: The streets are swept every day (by street-sweepers)
3 Passive transformation (Cách chuyển sang câu bị động.)
Muốn chuyển 1 câu chủ động sang câu bị động, ta thực hiện các bước sau:
Active: S + V + O.
Passive: S + be + V(pp) + (by agent).
Step 1: Lấy tân ngữ (O) của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ (S) của câu bị động.
Step 2: Đổi động từ chủ động (V) thành động từ bị động:be + past participle (Vpp) Step 3: Chủ ngữ của câu chủ động thành tác nhân (agent) của câu bị động và trước nó
phải có từ by
4 Tenses:
4.1 Present simple.
* Passive: S + am/is are + V(pp) +(by+O)
Eg: People speak English all over the world.
=> English is spoken all over the world.
4.2 Present progressive.
* Passive: S + am/is/are + being + V(pp) + (by+O)
Eg:They are painting the house.
=> The house is being painted (by them).
4.3 Present perfect.
* Passive: S + have/has + been +V( pp) + (by+O)
Eg: He hasn’t worn the jacket for years.
=> The jacket hasn’t been worn for years.
Trang 44.4 Past simple.
* Passive: S + was/were + V(pp) + (by+O)
Eg: Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
=> This room was cleaned yesterday.
4.5 Past progressive.
* Passive: S + was/were + being + V(pp) + (by+O)
Eg: My sister was baking the cakes.
=> The cakes were being baked by my sister.
4.6 Future simple.
* Passive: S + will + be + V(pp) +(by+O)
Eg: They will widen this road.
=> This road will be widened
4.7 Be going to (have to, used to, ought to).
* Passive: S + am/is/are going to be + V(pp) +(by+O)
Eg: We are going to give her a gift.
=> She is going to be given a gift (by us).
4.8 Modal verbs.
* Passive: S + can/should/must … + be + V(pp) + (by+O)
Eg: The manager must sign the cheque.
=> The cheque must be signed by the manager.
4.9 Câu có 2 tân ngữ.
Eg1: Mr Robinson bought Liz a cap.
Liz was bought a cap by Mr Robinson.
A cap was bought for Liz by Mr Robinson.
* Verbs: buy, get, make …
Eg2: She gave me an apple.
I was given an apple by her.
An apple was given to me by her.
* Verbs: give, bring, award …
Remember:
* Các chủ ngữ: one, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody không dùng trong câu bị động.
* Dùng with (không dùng by) để chỉ dụng cụ, công cụ hoặc nguyên liệu được sử dụng làm tác nhân.
Eg: Nobody has invited him to lunch.
=> He hasn’t been invited to lunch.
Eg: The room was filled with smoke.
* Vị trí của trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ trong câu bị động.
- Trạng từ chỉ cách thức thường đứng giữa be và quá khứ phân từ (past participle).
Eg: He wrote the book beautifully.
=> The book was beautifully written.
- Trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + agent.
Eg: The police found him in the forest.
=> He was found in the forest by the police.
Trang 5- Trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + agent.
Eg: The secretary typed the report this morning.
=> The report was typed by the secretary this morning.
- Practice 1: Give the corect forms of the verbs in brackets.
1 Our school (build) 10 years ago.
2 These flowers (buy) by my mother 3 days ago.
3 What (do) in the room by the children now?
4 Our school yard (sweep) by the students everyday.
5 This room (not use) for ages.
Practice 2: Change into passive
1 They grow rice twice a year.
2 My mother is making some cakes.
3 I have read this book twice.
4 They built this church in the 19th century.
5 Lan was writing a letter when the light went out.
6 My brother will buy a new car.
7 I am going to take some photos.
8 We shouldn’t damage trees.
9 Her father awarded her a new bike.
10 Mai cleans the house everyday.
IV Adjectives followed by an infinitive/a noun clause
1 Adjectives + to + V …
Eg: I am happy to see you again.
It’s difficult to learn math.
2 Adjectives + that + a clause
Eg: She is worried that her son keeps playing computer games.
- Practice 1: Rewrite these sentences with the same meanings.
a Having a vacation in Tam Dao is very wonderful.
-> It’s very wonderful ………
b Learning English is not difficult.
-> It isn’t ………
c Keeping your hands clean is very important.
-> It’s very ……….
d Driving fast is very dangerous.
-> It’s very ……….
e Shopping in the supermarket is very convenient.
-> It’s very ……….
- Practice 2: Find and correct one mistake in the following sentences
Trang 6a It’s important brushing your teeth regularly.
b They are worried about some people use electricity to catch fish.
c I am surprised at he got high results in the exam.
d It’s not good staying up too late.
e I am pleased about you have just passed the exam with high results.
V - ED and - ING participles
Eg1: The stories written by To Hoai attracted chilren
Eg2: The girl wearing a blue dress is Hoa.
* - ED participles mang nghĩa bị động.
* - ING participles mang nghĩa chủ động.
Practice 1: Give the corect forms of the verbs in brackets.
1 The boy (talk) to Miss Lien is Ba.
2 The man (walk) up the stairs is Mr Quang.
3 The woman (carry) a bag is Miss Lien.
4 The boy (wear) a red hat is Nam.
5 The girls (skip) ropes in the school yard are Nga and Hoa.
6 Jeans (make) in China are very cheap.
7 The house (paint) yellow is Mr Quang’s.
8 The doll (dress) in red is two dollars.
9 The flowers (wrap) in blue paper is one dollar.
10 The toy (keep) in a cardboard box are ten dollars.
Practice 2: Rewrite these sentences using -ED or -ING participles.
1 Do you know the boy? The boy is talking to Mrs Nga.
-> Do you know ……….
2 Mrs Ha often uses some products The products are made in Japan.
-> Mrs Ha often uses some ………
3 The woman is my aunt She is wearing a pink scarf.
-> The woman ………
4 I like reading stories The stories were written by To Hoai.
-> I like reading ……….
5 The boys are Nam and Ba They are playing chess.
-> The boys ………
Try your best to make your life better in the future.
I hope you will be successful.
Trang 7B PRACTICE TESTS PRACTICE TEST 1
I.a Tìm từ có cách phát âm ở phần gạch chân khác với các từ còn lại.
1 A ambulance B bandage C damage D patient
2 A hit B tight C injection D sting
3 A conscious B shock C promise D hold
b Tìm từ có trọng âm chính khác với các từ còn lại.
4 A damage B revive C promise D bandage
5 A asleep B conscious C sterile D tissue
II Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu sau.
6 They moved to the city _ well - paying jobs
A in order to get B for getting C in order not to get D so that getting
7 is a type of bed used for carrying the sick or injured people
A Stretcher B Ambulance C Bandage D Crutch
8 I think I home across the park
A walk B will walk C am walking D walking
9 Ba: Can you give me a hand? Lan:
A Yes, I can B What can I do for you? C I need a hand D No, I can’t
10 I forgot to thank them _ helping me
11 She covered her knees a blanket
12 The farmers look for other work _ get more money for their family
A so as to B in order that C so as not to D so that
13 She was _ for days after the accident
A conscious B unconscious C consciously D unconsciously
14 Scale is an instrument for showing _ people or things are
A how heavy B how tall C how old D how high
15 I tried to cheer him _, but he just kept staring out the window
16 Every few weeks new satellites _ into orbit
A are put B is put C are putted D is putted
17 You ought to give up smoking
A should B could C may D am going to
18 Try to the amount of fat in your diet
A reuse B refill C reduce D recycle
19 It is _ to park in the center of Newtown
A impossible B impossibility C impossibilities D impossibly
20 Peter: Would you mind if I sat here? Mary:
A Yes, I would B Sorry, it has been booked C No, you wouldn’t D I’m sorry
III Em hãy tìm lỗi sai trong mỗi câu sau.
21 Since this is the first time you own a computer, do you mind if I give you some advice?
A B C D
22 Da Lat is known like a city of pines, waterfalls and flowers
A B C D
23 There are notices showing arrivals and departs of trains
A B C D
24 They would like you telling them the truth
A B C D
25 It was so exciting to see those magnificently caves
A B C D
IV Đọc kỹ đoạn văn rồi chọn câu trả lời đúng cho những câu hỏi bên dưới.
Just a few years ago, this place was called Dumptown The people living here didn’t think much about where waste went when they threw it out Things that could be reused or recycled were
Trang 8thrown in the trash, because nobody believed recycling made a difference And, eventually, that
became a very big problem
The garbage heap grew and began to smell Sometimes it caught fire, and making it hard for everyone to breathe Dumptowners knew they had to fix it
They learned to reduce the amount of waste they threw away For example, they learned to
reuse things- like washing out empty jars instead of throwing them away And, they learned to recycle.
They set up bins around town to collect glass, paper, and other things, then made into new products
26 The people living in Dumptown _
A didn’t think much about where the waste went
B threw things that could be reused or recycled into the trash
C didn’t believe that recycling could make a difference
D all are correct
27 Which of the following could replace the word ‘trash’ in line 3?
A garbage B rubbish C compost D A & B
28 What were the Dumptown’s problems?
A The garbage heap smelled B Sometimes the garbage heap caught fire
C It was hard for everyone to breathe D all are correct
29 What does the word ‘them’ in line 11 refer to?
A the trash B the garbage heap C Dumptowners D empty jars
30 What did they do to solve their problems?
A They reduced the amount of waste they threw away B They learnt to reuse things
C They learnt to recycle D all are correct
V Đọc đoạn văn sau rồi chọn đáp án đúng
You (31) _ be a famous cook to make (32) _ food! Here is a recipe for a simple, real Chinese vegetable dish that is ready in minutes Buy some vegetables and oyster sauce from an oriental supermarket You may even be able to find them in your (33) store Chop the green vegetable, then steam or boil it (34) a minute or two until it is cooked but still soft Now put it
on a warm plate and pour oyster sauce on top of it Now give it a very short stir, to mix the sauce in, and try it to make sure the taste is just right Then give it to your guests (35) _, while it is still hot You can add more sauce at the table, according to taste
31 A shouldn’t B mustn’t C don’t have to D ought not to
32 A great B delicious C good D all are correct
33 A near B nearly C nearby D nearer
35 A recently B lately C immediately D firstly
VI Chọn câu có nghĩa giống với câu đã cho.
36 She said to me: “Can you turn down the radio?”
A She said to me to turn down the radio B She asked me turn down the radio
C She told me to turn down the radio D She told me not to turn down the radio
37 Her sister is old She can drive a car
A Her sister is old enough to drive a car B Her sister isn’t old enough to drive a car
C Her sister is enough old to drive a car D Her sister isn’t enough old to drive a car
38 They started living in Nha Trang 5 years ago
A They has lived in Nha Trang for 5 years B They have lived in Nha Trang since 5 years
C They have lived in Nha Trang for 5 years.D They lived in Nha Trang 5 years ago
39 Mai’s house is big Hoa’s house is big, too
A Mai’s house is different from Hoa’s house.B Mai’s house is different than Hoa’s house
C Mai’s house isn’t as big as Hoa’s house D Mai’s house is as big as Hoa’s house
40 Nam enjoys listening to music.
A Nam is interested in listening to music B Nam is interested in listen to music
C Nam is interested on listening to music D Nam is interested to listening to music
The end
Trang 9-PRACTICE TEST 2 I.a Tìm từ có cách phát âm ở phần gạch chân khác với các từ còn lại.
1 A canoe B water C sugar D island
magnificent
b Tìm từ có trọng âm chính khác với các từ còn lại.
2 A plastic B reduce C metal D glassware
II Chọn đáp án đúng nhất cho mỗi câu sau.
6 An astronaut would be killed if he or she _ by a piece of rubbish
7 Milk bottles can be after being cleaned
A collect B thrown away C broken D reused
8 Teachers ought not to swear in front of the children
9 It is not always easy _ good teaching materials in this field
A find B to find C finding D for finding
10 It is important _ students to attend all the lectures
11 He began his talk an apology
12 Your money is going to be _ if you’re not careful
A steal B stealing C stole D stolen
13 is waste from the body of a large animal such as an elephant or a cow
A Compost B Dung C Garbage D Fertilizer
14 She has already his cup five or six times
A refill B reused C reduced D recycled
15 Your breakfast up to your room tomorrow morning
A will take B will be take C will been taken D will be taken
16 Would you mind _ the window?
A to close B closing C about closing D closed
17 Welcome _ Springfield!
A at B to C in D for
18 Accommodation in London very expensive
19 "Hello Could I speak to Maria, please?" " "
A Good morning How are you? B Yes, of course
C Hello Alice How are you? D Speaking Who's that?
20 "Thank you very much." " "
A Yes, of course B I like it a lot C You're alright D You're welcome
III Em hãy tìm lỗi sai trong mỗi câu sau.
21 The can was finally opened by a spoon
A B C D
22 You ought to improving your French before going to work in Paris
A B C D
23 Please contact with me if you have any questions
A B C D
24 They are trying to stop the reused of needles by addicts
A B C D
25 The shop promised to keep the goods for me if I took a deposit
A B C D
IV Đọc kỹ đoạn văn rồi chọn câu trả lời đúng cho những câu hỏi bên dưới.
Trang 10When people have a cold, a fever, or the flu, they usually go to the doctor for help, or they get
some medicine from the drugstore But many people also use home remedies for common illnesses.
Here are some simple home remedies
Burns: Put the burn under cold water or put a cold handkerchief on it Then apply aloe vera gel to
the burn It’s important not to put ice on the burn
Cough: Drink warm liquids or take some honey.
Headaches: Apply an ice pack or cold cloth to your head, or splash your face with cold water It’s
also a good idea to put your hands into hot water and leave them there for several minutes Also, you shouldn’t read or watch TV
aloe vera gel (n) gel nha dam/ lô hội splash (v) vỗ (nước)
26 When people have a cold, a fever, or the flu they
A go to the doctor B buy some medicine
C use home remedies D all are correct
27 What does the word “common” in line 3 mean?
A dangerous B serious C bad D minor
28 We should put _ on the burn
A a cold handkerchief B aloe vera gel C ice D A & B are correct
29 We can replace the word ‘take’ with _.
A buy B need C put D eat or drink
30 Which of the following is not true?
A You should drink warm water if you have a cough
B You shouldn’t put your hand into hot water for a few minutes if you have a headache
C You should apply an ice pack to your head if you have a headache
D It’s important not to read or watch TV if you have a headache
V Đọc đoạn văn sau rồi chọn đáp án đúng
Yesterday, when I was riding along a busy street, I saw an (31) _ A woman was knocked down when she crossed the street at a zebra crossing Many people stopped offering their help A police man arrived and asked a young man to telephone for an (32) while waiting for the ambulance, the policeman and some people tried to (33) _ the bleeding They used a handkerchief to cover the wound, then put pressure on it and held it tight They tried to talk to her in (34) _ to keep her awake After about three minutes, the ambulance (35) and the woman was taken to the hospital
33 A cut B hold C stop D cover
34 A time B as C addition D order
35 A arrives B is arriving C arrived D has arrived
VI Chọn câu có nghĩa giống với câu đã cho.
36 The last time I met him was in 2016.
C I have since meet him for 2016 D I didn’t meet him since 2016
37 She said to me: “Stop playing in the rain.”
A She said to me to stop playing in the rain B She asked me to stop playing in the rain
C She told me to stop playing in the rain D B&C are corect
38 No one in this class is as tall as Ba.
A Ba is the tallest in this class B Ba is taller than anyone else in this class
C Ba is the tallest of all D A and B are correct
39 They are good footballers.
A They play football good B They play football well
C They play football better D They play football badly
40 Nam is keen on listening to music.
A Nam is interested in listening to music B Nam is fond of listening to music
C Nam enjoys listening to music D A,B,C are all correct
The end