Excitation of lightweight steel hollow spheres by means of pulsed electromagnetic field

Excitation of Lightweight Steel Hollow Spheres by Means of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Procedia Computer Science 104 ( 2017 ) 408 – 412 1877 0509 © 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier B V This is[.]

Procedia Computer Science 104 ( 2017 ) 408 – 412

1877-0509 © 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the scientific committee of the international conference; ICTE 2016

doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2017.01.153

ScienceDirect

ICTE 2016, December 2016, Riga, Latvia Excitation of Lightweight Steel Hollow Spheres by Means of Pulsed

Electromagnetic Field Vjaceslavs Lapkovskisa,*, Viktors Mironovsa

a

Scientific Laboratory of Powder Materials, Riga Technical University,Kipsalas str 6B-331, Riga, LV-1048, Latvia

Abstract

A technique of accelerated movement of metallic element by means of a pulsed electromagnetic field is sufficiently known Despite of that, a behavior of lightweight steel hollow spheres in pulsed electromagnetic fields is not fully explored A particular emphasis of current study is a modeling of lightweight steel hollow spheres behavior in pulsed electromagnetic field This phenomenon can be exploited for vibrations damping in granular dampers, where dissipation of mechanical energy via particle collisions occurs

In current paper some prospects of pulsed electromagnetic field usage for lightweight steel hollow spheres excitation and practical applications in vibration control are suggested

© 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V

Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the scientific committee of the international conference; ICTE 2016.

Keywords: Pulsed electromagnetic field; Hollow spheres; Damping; Modeling

1 Introduction

A technique of accelerated movement of the metal element by means of a pulsed electromagnetic field is widely known It is used, for example, for moving the punch during the pressing of powder materials1 , the deformation of metal pipes and casings2, parts assembling3, and many other processing operations In papers4,5 characteristics and specific perspectives of ferromagnetic powder displacement for the purpose of transportation are reviewed

* Corresponding author Tel.: +371 29536301

E-mail address: lap911@latnet.lv

© 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).

Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the scientific committee of the international conference; ICTE 2016

In recent years, there is evidently strong interest in lightweight steel hollow spheres6 synthesis and applications7,8 A particular interest is the study of the behaviour of LSHS as a model material for vibrations damping in granular dampers9, which are based on the dissipation of mechanical energy via particle collisions10 At the same time, a behaviour of LSHS in pulsed electromagnetic fields is not fully explored The current article introduces prospects of PEMF usage for LSHS excitation and identifies some practical applications in mechanics and vibration control

2 Theoretical background

The electromagnetic (Lorenz forces) and mechanical (particles collision) processes have a strong influence on LSHS movement in PEMF In general, electromagnetic force on the displaced materials (i.e LSHS) is a gradient of the accumulated energy in air gap and materials to be moved, thus, electromagnetic force depends on current in the coil and the inductance gradient11 (1):

The equation of a LSHS single sphere mass motion can be expressed as (2):

݉ݔǃ ൌ ܨ௠௔௚௡௘௧௜௖െ ܨௗ௔௠௣௜௡௚െ ܨ௘௫௧௥௔ (2) Here, Fextra is additional forces, such as friction and gravitational forces

3 Experimental part

The technique features the use of capacitor banks with stored energy from 1 up to 100 kJ (see Fig 1) The discharge

of capacitors to the coil (working tool) initiates short pulsed electromagnetic field with intensity of 50-200 A/m and duration of few milliseconds (see Fig 2)

Fig 1 Schematics of electromagnetic system used for LSHS research Fig 2 A typical impulse shape generated by impulse current source.

The interaction between PEMF and electrically conductive element has to provoke a displacement of ECE There are two main results of such interaction - repulsion or attraction between ECE and coil This depends on the ECE material properties, electromagnetic field parameters, and relative arrangement of the coil and ECE

Experimental rig based on equipment EMC-512 has been used for trials Test material’s characteristics are presented in Table 1

Table 1 Steel materials used in experiments

mm

Wall thickness,

µm

Material’s sample

Lightweight steel hollow spheres

Multiple tests have shown that LSHS used as ECE may be moved in vertical direction in a range of 3-10 millimetres That is sufficient for regrouping of LSHS and for vibration compensation In fact, a modelling in FEMM software13 has confirmed a weak interaction between electromagnetic impulse field and LSHS (see Fig 3)

Fig 3 Modelling of LSHS excitation in FEMM software Electromagnetic field density plot (Single-turn coil)

4 Applications

Excitation of lightweight steel hollow spheres by means of pulsed electromagnetic field may found a variety of specialized technical applications One of such applications is for vibration control by means of granular dumpers Granular dampers are devices used for shock, vibration, and force absorption of equipment and structures14 Amongst different designs of granular dampers15, a single cylinder or an array of cylinders filled with LSHS (see Fig 4) are suggested

Fig 4 A schematics of simple cell of granular dumper filled with LSHS

1 – Chamber, 2- Lightweight hollow magnetic (ferromagnetic) spheres, 3 - Flat electromagnetic coil, 4 - Connection to source of impulse currents

Another interesting PEMF applications is for LSHS displacement in liquid or gaseous media, as well as in vacuum17 Further development of suggested approach will be focused on integration of cells filled with LSHS into granular dumpers system for specialist vibration tests

Technical implementation of such a granular damper could be a plate16 composed of a set of planar or cylindrical magnetic coils (see Fig 5)

Fig 5 An implementation of granular dumper as an array of cylinders filled with LSHS.

5 Conclusions

Experimental works have revealed insignificant influence of electromagnetic field on thin-walled lightweight metallic hollow spheres

A technique for excitation of lightweight steel hollow spheres by means of pulsed electromagnetic field has demonstrated a new approach for control of been shown and may be applied to vibration control systems implementing within granular dumper units

References

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11 Balakrishnan M, Kumar N Detection of Plunger Movement in DC Solenoids; 2015

12. Lapkovskis V Conveying of ferromagnetic powder materials by impulse electromagnetic field PhD Thesis; 2012 Available:

http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/tel4/record/3000005398815

13 Bianchi N Using FEMM software tool; 2006

14. Bai XM et al Particle dynamics simulations of a piston-based particle damper Powder Technol 189; 2009 p 115–125

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17 Mironov V, Kolosov V Lifting of powder materials LR Patent LV-12785B Int cl 7B65G54/02, H02K44/02, 20.03.2002

Vjaceslavs Lapkovskis is a researcher and consultant for academic and industrial companies, and acting Docent at the Institute of Aeronautics of Riga Technical University (Environmental issues related to transportation with emphasis on aviation and infrastructure topics) He earned Bachelour's (1994) and Master's (1997) degrees in chemistry from University of Latvia, and PhD degree (2013) in mechanical engineering from Riga Technical University (Latvia) Dr Lapkovskis has an extensive experience in materials and environmental sciences, and more than 15 years experience in industry of solid materials treatment and processing technologies Dr Lapkovskis is an author and co-author of more than 45 scientific publications (materials/environmental sciences and materials recycling technologies), co-author of 5 national patents Dr Lapkovskis is an independent EC expert/reviewer for FP7/Horizon2020 programmes Contact him at lap911@latnet.lv

Viktors Mironovs is a Dr.hab.Sc.Ing in Mechanical Engineering (Riga Polytechnical institute, Riga, Latvia, 1972), post-graduate studies in Material Engineering (Chalmers Technical University, Goteborg, Sweden, 1974-75), Hab.Dr.Sc in Mechanical Engineering (1986) 38 years experience in Mechanical and Civil Engineering department as senior lecturer, professor (Powder metallurgy, Welding and Equipment Construction) at Riga Technical University (Riga, Latvia, 1972- till now) Participation in European programmes (Force, Leonardo da Vinci) Worked as a consultant of ESAB, Oerlicon comp., representative of Höganäs AB in the Baltic and CIS Countries (1993-2003) He has published 8 books and more than 250 scientific articles, and an is an author of more than 140 patents Contact him at viktors.mironovs@gmail.com