Electrically tunable Brillouin fiber laser based on a metal coated single mode optical fiber 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2 6 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48[.]
Trang 16
7
9 a Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (Fryazino Branch) Russian Academy of Science, Vvedenskogo Sq 1, 141190 Fryazino, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
10 b
Electromagnetism and Telecommunication Department, University of Mons, 31 Boulvard Dolez, Mons 7000, Belgium
11 c
Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Polytekhnicheskaya Street, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation
12 d
Ulyanovsk State University, 42 Leo Tolstoy Street, Ulyanovsk 432970, Russian Federation
13
1 5 a r t i c l e i n f o
16 Article history:
17 Received 21 December 2016
18 Accepted 23 January 2017
19 Available online xxxx
20 Keywords:
21 Brillouin fiber laser
22 Metal-coated optical fiber
23 Laser tuning
24 Fiber sensors
25
2 6
a b s t r a c t
27
We explore tunability of the Brillouin fiber laser employing Joule heating For this purpose, 10-m-length
28
of a metal-coated single-mode optical cavity fiber has been directly included into an electrical circuit, like
29
a conductor wire With the current up to3.5 A the laser tuning is demonstrated over a spectrum range
30
of400 MHz The observed laser line broadening up to 2 MHz is explained by frequency drift and
31 mode-hoping in the laser caused by thermal noise
32
Ó 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
33 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
34 35
59 the 50/50 coupler for monitoring of laser spectrum by 20-GHz
60 radio-frequency spectrum analyzer A polarization controller
pro-61 vides adjustment of the light polarization state inside the cavity
62 Due to the circulator directionality, the pump light passes through
63 the cavity with only one round trip and does not resonate in the
64 cavity The Stokes light circulates in the cavity and gets the
reso-65 nance for efficient lasing To tune the lasing frequency, the
66 metal-coated single-mode fiber (SMF) is included directly into a
67 Joule electrical circuit for heating employing the fiber copper
coat-68 ing as a conductor wire (the fiber coils are electrically isolated)
69 Due to heating, the Brillouin gain spectrum is shifted leading to a
70 change of the laser frequency
71 The fiber used in the experiment has been manufactured in IRE
72
73
74
75
we have measured the Brillouin frequency shift (Fig 1b) in the fiber
76
77 exhibits a linear increase with the temperature demonstrating a
78
79 fiber
80 Fig 2shows the features of laser operation The Brillouin lasing
81 threshold is achieved at pump power of 100 mW At the pump
82
83 level the laser could be stabilized for operation with a linewidth
84
<100 kHz However, for this purpose the laser configuration has
85
to be stabilized thermally providing fluctuations of the fiber
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.01.034
2211-3797/Ó 2017 The Authors Published by Elsevier B.V.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ).
⇑ Corresponding author at: Electromagnetism and Telecommunication
Department, University of Mons, 31 Boulvard Dolez, Mons 7000, Belgium.
E-mail address: andrei.fotiadi@umons.ac.be (A.A Fotiadi).
Results in Physics xxx (2017) xxx–xxx
Results in Physics
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w j o u r n a l s e l s e v i e r c o m / r e s u l t s - i n - p h y s i c s
11 February 2017
Please cite this article in press as: Popov SM et al Electrically tunable Brillouin fiber laser based on a metal-coated single-mode optical fiber Results Phys (2017),http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.01.034
Trang 286 temperature less than0.05 °C Such stabilization is beyond the
112 simple, compact, and cost effective solution for many practical
113 applications
114 Acknowledgement
115 The authors thank IRE staff for manufacturing of the metal-coated
116 fiber The work was supported by IAP program VII/35 of the Belgian
117 Science Policy, Ministry of Education and Science of Russian
118 Federation (14.Z50.31.0015) and Russian Fund of Fundamental
119 Research (16-32-60109 mol_a_dk, 14-29-08195, and
16-42-120
732135 R-OFIM)
121 References
122 [1] Wu Zh, Zhan L, Shen Q, Liu J, Hu X, Xiao P Ultrafine optical-frequency tunable
123 Brillouin fiber laser based on fiber strain Opt Lett 2011;36:3837.
124 [2] Spirin VV, Mégret P, Fotiadi AA Passively stabilized doubly-resonant Brillouin
125 fiber lasers In: Paul MCh, editor Fiber laser INTECH; 2016.
126 [3] Spirin VV, López-Mercado CA, Kinet D, Mégret P, Zolotovskiy IO, Fotiadi AA A
127 single-longitudinal-mode Brillouin fiber laser passively stabilized at the pump
128 resonance frequency with a dynamic population inversion grating Laser Phys
129 Lett 2013;10:015102.
130 [4] Spirin VV, Kellerman J, Swart PL, Fotiadi AA Intensity noise in SBS with injection
131 locking generation of Stokes seed signal Opt Exp 2006;14(18):8328–35.
132 [5] Grukh DA, Kurkov AS, Razdobreev IM, Fotiadi AA Self-Q-switched
ytterbium-133 doped cladding-pumped fibre laser Quant Electron 2002;32(11):1017.
134 [6] Popov SM, Voloshin VV, Vorobyov IL, Ivanov GA, Kolosovskii AO, Isaev VA,
135 Chamorovskii YK Optical loss of metal coated optical fibers at temperatures up
136
to 800 °C Opt Memory Neural Networks 2012;21:45–51.
137
0 5 10 15
Out 1
Pump power, mW
Laser frequency shift
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0
100 200 300 400
Current, A
0 5 10 15
Out 1
Pump power, mW
Laser frequency shift
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 0
100 200 300 400
Current, A
Fig 2 Laser power characteristics (a) and laser frequency tuning (b), RF laser spectrum at 1 A (offset).
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0
100 200 300
Temperature, oC
EDFA
DFB laser
Brillouin Pump
5/95 coupler
optical circulator
metal-coated fiber
Current source
RF Analyzer detector
polarization controller
50/50 coupler
Out 1
Out 2
EDFA
DFB laser
Brillouin Pump
5/95 coupler
optical circulator
metal-coated fiber
Current source
RF Analyzer detector
polarization controller
50/50 coupler
Out 1
Out 2
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0
100 200 300
Temperature, oC
EDFA
DFB laser
Brillouin Pump
5/95 coupler
optical circulator
metal-coated fiber
Current source
RF Analyzer detector
polarization controller
50/50 coupler
Out 1
Out 2
EDFA
DFB laser
Brillouin Pump
5/95 coupler
optical circulator
metal-coated fiber
Current source
RF Analyzer detector
polarization controller
50/50 coupler
Out 1
Out 2
Fig 1 Experimental configuration of the Brillouin laser (a) and the temperature dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift (b).
2 S.M Popov et al / Results in Physics xxx (2017) xxx–xxx
11 February 2017
Please cite this article in press as: Popov SM et al Electrically tunable Brillouin fiber laser based on a metal-coated single-mode optical fiber Results Phys (2017),http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.01.034