NGHIEN Cdu TRAO 061 XAC 0!NH PHAT THAI B 6 HONG C O A D Q N G CQ DIESEL VAOONG CQ DIESEL LPG BANG THLTC NGHIEM IDENTIFY SOOT EMISSION OF DIESEL ENGINES AND DIESEL LPG ENGINES THROUGH EXPERIMENT PGS, T[.]
Trang 1NGHIEN Cdu-TRAO 061
VAOONG CQ DIESEL- LPG BANG THLTC NGHIEM
IDENTIFY SOOT EMISSION OF DIESEL ENGINES AND DIESEL-LPG
ENGINES THROUGH EXPERIMENT
PGS, TS Cao Trpng Hien\ ThS Vddng Van Sdn^
'TrUdng Dai hpe Giao thdng Van tai
^TrUdng D ^ hpc Cdng nghe Giao thdng Van tai
TOM TAT
Bdi bdo ndy, trinh bdy kit qud nghien cdu thdc nghiem bdng thiit bj do hien dgi xdc dinh phdt thdi bd hdng cua ddng cd diesel vd dgng cd diesel - LPG Dong thdi ddnh gid hieu qud bdo ve mdi trUdng khi sd dung dgng cd chgy da nhien liiu diesel - LPG
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the experimental results Identifying soot emission of diesel engines and diesel-LPG engines using modern devices The paper also includes the evaluation of protective effectiveness to tk environment ofthe diesel-LPG engines
I.MODAU
Trong nhdng ndm qua, eung vdi sU phat
triln cua kinh tl dat nUde, nhu cdu di lai, van
chuyen hang hda cua ngddi ddn tang nhanh Sd
lUdng cae phUdng tien giao thdng, ddc biet la cac
phUdng tiln sd dung nhien lieu diesel vi the ma
cung tang len rat nhanh Tinh den 31/12/2012, sd
lUdng d td trin ca nddc dat 1539142 chile [2]
Sd lupng phUdng tien tang lln mdt each
nhanh chdng keo theo sdc ep ngdy cang ldn ddi
vdi mdi trddng dd thi Ham lUpng cdc chat dde
hai trong khdng khi ma phan Idn chung dupe
sinh ra do khi thai cua nhdng loai phUdng tiln
nay da vUpt qud tieu chuan cho phep dae bilt Id
bui khdi
Dl giam lUdng bd hdng eho dpng cU diesel
hiln da ed nhilu bien phdp, trong dd cd giai phap
sd dung lUdng nhiln lieu diesel- LPG Sd dung LPG lam nhien lieu thay thi ngoai viee giai quyf' van de cgn kiet nhien lieu truyen thdng cdn giai quyet dddc van dl d nhiem mdi trUdng
Bai bao nay trinh bdy kit qua nghifin cifu thUc nghiem danh gia dp khdi cua ddng cd died khi chay tren bang thd d ede tdc dp ddng cd khic nhau Ddng thdi, tdc gia tiln hdnh danh gia kha nang giam dp khdi cda ddng cd diesel khi sd dijng
da nhien lieu diesel-LPG Cae kit qua nghidn oiu
se la ed sd dinh hddng eho vile trien khai dp dpS
Trang 2NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO D6\
UiUc t l gidi phap ky thuat gidm bd hdng eho eac
dpng ed diesel dang lUu hdnh d Viet Nam, vd eung
chinh Id nhan td quan trpng gdp phan cdi thien
chat Idpng khdng khi trong thdi gian tdị
2 NOI DUNG NGHI£N ctfu
2.1 Tdm tdt qud trinh hinh thanh bd hdng trong
budng chdy cua dpng cd diesel
Cd chl hinh thdnh bd hdng dupe ehia
thdnh cae giai doan chinh nhd sau:
+ Giai doan 1: hinh thdnh hgt bo hdng
V|t chat cua pha ngUng tu đu tiln phdt
triln td nhdng phdn td nhiln heu thdng qua cdc
sdn pham cua sU dxy hda hodc cdc san pham
phan huy nhilt Nhdng sdn phan ndy gdm nhdng
cacbuahydrd khdng bdo hda khac nhau, dac bilt
Id axltylen, cdc đng vi bdc cao cua nd va nhdng
HAP Hai dgng phan td ndy đdc coi nhU Id nhdn
td chinh trong sU hinh thdnh bd hdng Phdn dng
ngUng tp cua nhdng phdn td the khi dan din sU
hinh thdnh cdc hgit nhdn bd hdng đu tiln ed
dudng kinh rdt be (d < 2nm), đy Id cdc h^t cd sd
dupe hpp thdnh bdi mpt Idpng ldn cdc gdc tinh
thi đn le cd kich thđc td 20 ^ 30Á' d nhilt
đ thap (< 1700K), cacbuahydrd thdm cd the sinh
ra bd hdng mdt cdch trUe tilp va nhanh chdng
biln thanh edu true gdn graphitẹ Khi nhilt dp
cao hdn 1800K, mdt ed chl hinh thdnh bd hdng
khac diln ra ch^ni hdn vd it trUe tilp hdn TrUdc
hit qua trung gian nhflng thdnh phan HC cd khdi
lupng phdn td nhd vd sau đ b| polyme hda thdnh
nhiing phan td kem bao hda cd khdi lupng phan
td Idn hdn Ddy la cdc mam cd ban de hinh thdnh
cac hat nhdn bd hdng
+ Giai dogn 2: Phdt triin hgt bd hdng
Qud trinh phdt triln cda h^t bd hdng bao
gdm sU phdt triln be mat, ngUng tu vd sd liln kit
h^t Su phdt trien bl mat dien ra do cdc chat the
khi ngUng tu trin hgt ran vd biln thanh mpt bp
phdn cda hgt Cdc phdn dng phdt trien be mat đn
din sU gia tdng ndng dp bd hdng nhUng khdng
ldm thay đi sd lUdng hat NgUpc Iai sU phat trien bang con đdng lien kit va hpp dfnh cdc hgt vdi nhau Iam gidm sd lUdng hgt nhdng ndng đ bd hdng khdng thay đị Khi sd phdt triln bl mat hat kit thdc, qua trinh Hen kit hat thdnh chuoi vd cum vin cd thi xay rạ Khi đ Ii^c tinh diln cda chdng cd vai trd quan trpng va Id ylu td chinh tgo
ra sd hdp dinh naỵ NhU v|y, trong budng chdy đng cd lien tue xdy ra qud trinh tgo hgt nhdn, phdt trien bl mat vd liln kit hgt 6 mdi giai doan, khi nhilt dp du eao, hgt bd hdng bj dxy hda mpt phan hodc todn phdn
+ Giai dogn 3: qud trinh dxy hda hgt bd hdng
Qua trinh dxy hda cd the diln ra ngay ldc hinh thdnh cdc phdn td hoat tinh, hat nhdn vd hat
bd hdng Thdc nghiim cho thay phan Idn bd hdng
bi dxy hda trong xylanh trUdc khi qud trinh thai bat đụ Tde dp dxy hda bd hdng trong dpng ed phu thude vdo sU khuleh tdn cua cdc chdt tham gia cung nhU dpng hpc phdn dng Cd rat nhieu chat bin trong sdn pham chdy hay d gan ngpn Ida
cd thi dxy hda bd hdng nhd: Ô, Ọ OH, CÔ, vd H^Ọ Theo nhflng kit qud gdn đy, trong dilu kiln
dp sudt mdi trUdng vd hdn hdp gidu thi sU dxy hda
bd hdng bdi gdc OH quan trpng hdn so vdi sU dxy hda cua O hay Ộ
Cd thi thay rdng, hgt bd hdng hinh thdnh
la sdn phdm cda edc qud trinh: tao hat cd sd, hinh thanh hgt bd hdng, phdt triln va dxy hda hat bd hdng Tde dp tao bd hdng trong qua trinh chdy Id hilu sd gifla tdc dp san sinh vd tdc dp dxy hda bd hdng Cd chl hinh thanh bd hdng phu thuOc chu ylu vdo ndng dp nhiln Ulu, dxy vd nhiet dp qua trmh ehdỵ
2.2 Xdc dinh phat thai bo hoi^ td dong cd diesel
va dpng cd diesel - LPG bdng thi^c nghidm
2.2.1 LUa chon doi tđng thi nghiim
Trong dilu ki|n sd dung d nđc ta, d td tdi nhd vd trung binh chilm ty le Idn hdn nhilu so vdi edc loai d td khdc Vdi cdc logi d td tai nhd vd trung binh, logi dpng cd dupc sd dung nhieu nhat"^
Trang 3NGHIEN CUfU-TRAODOI
la ddng ed cd cdng sudt tren dudi 100 KW Do
dd, de tdi chpn ddng cd thi nghiem Id ddng ca
FAWDE- 4DX23-110 eua Trung Qudc, day Id
ddng cd diesel 4 xy lanh, edng suat 81 KW, trpng
lupng tinh 340 kg, dpng ed tang dp bang tuabin
-may nen Dpng cd nay thudng dupe lap tren cae
d td tdi nhd
He thdng cung cap LPG cho ddng cd
dupe chpn de thi nghiim Id he thdng LPG
D-BES-200 do hang W T V - UK (Anh) sdn xuat H I
thdng ndy cd tde dung hda hdi vd eung cap lUdng
LPG thich hdp cho ddng ca diesel
2.2.2 LUa chgn thiet bi thi nghiem
I h i nghiim t r i n dupe tien hdnh t r i n
bang thd ddng lUc hpc cao ETCOl tai Phdng thd
nghiem ddng ca - Trung tdm thd nghiim khi thai
phUdng tiln giao thdng cd gidi dddng bd Phdng
thd dupe trang bi ddng bd thilt bi de thd nghiim
khi thai cho dpng ca hang nang trong cdng nhan
kilu, cac thilt bi nay dddc cung cap bdi Cdng ty
AVL List GmbH Cdc bp phan ed ban eua thilt bi
thi nghiim dUpe trinh bdy trong tdi lieu [3]
2.2.3 Quy trinh thi nghiim 2.2.3.1 Ldp dgt ddng cd vd he thong cung cap LPG
D - BES - 200
Ddng ed dddc dgt len bdng thd va can chinh dp dong tdm cua true ddn dpng vdi tryc khuyu ddng ed Sau khi dinh vi dupe ddng ccf len cac gdi dd, t i l n h a n h xiet chat cdc bu ldng co dinh ddng cd vdi be thd vd t i l n hdnh chay ra va
k i l m tra '
Bd giam dp hda hdi dUdc bd tri canh
ddng ca, gdn d u d n g dng nap Vdi phun LPG va
sensor t h u tin hieu dp suat dUde lap vao m^t
bich ndi tiep eua dUdng dng ngp, dddng nxldc
ndng vao d d d c lap vao d u d n g nUdc ndng vao cua t h i l t bi thd, dUdng nUde ra ddpc lap vao dudng nUde ra cua ddng cd D l dam bao cho nUdc ndng dUde lien tuc luan ehuyin trong qua
trinh t h d nghiem, gida d d d n g nUde vao cua hg
chuyin ddi ed lap mdt b d m day d l tgo dp chenh
dp gida hai dau dng dan Sd do bd tri h i thong cung cap LPG D - BES - 200 vdo ddng cd du^»c trinh bay t r i n hinh 1
B^ulockhl;
BQ lam mit khi n ^ , Btnn cao ip;
Turbo tang ip;
V6i phun, Dddng dng ISy tin hi«u
ip suit n^p
9 Duimg 5ng din LPG di h6a h*
10 Sam cao ip
11 B? giJim dp hda hcri;
12 Biu Ipc tmh;
13 Binh chila LP;
14 DUfmg 6ng din LPG;
16 Thiing nhltn ll^l dieid
Hmh 1 Sd do bo tri hi thong cung cdp LPG D-BES- 200 tren ddng cd
Trang 4NGHIEN CUTU - TRAO OOl
22.3.2 Thi nghiim do dd khdi cua ddng cd diesel heu diesel trong qud trinh thi nghi|m, edn cho ddng
nguyen thuy
- Thilt ldp che dd thd theo ylu cau d eae tde
dp quay khdc nhau
- Dilu khiln dpng cd chgy theo chddng
trinh da thilt lap d l do dd khdi cda ddng cd
cd chgy trin bang thd d c h l dp tdc dp 1680 v/ph, cdng suat 40 KW (50% tai) Sau do dilu chmh keo thanh rang d l giam Idpng nhiln heu diesel tilu thu xudng cdn 80%, 90% Gid nguyen ludng nJiiln li|u diesel va dilu ehinh lUdng LPG phun vdo dUdng dng ngp den khi dat cdng suat ban dau Td do cd
t h i xdc dinh dUde % lUdng LPG thay thi
- Xudt kit qud thd nghi|m sau khi da thd - Sau khi ddng co dd chgy dn dinh khi cd nghiem xong lUdng LPG thay thi, tien hdnh thi nghiim do dp
khdi tUdng tU nhu khi thd ddng ca nguyin thuy
2.2.3.3 Thi nghiim do do khdi cda ddng cd
diesel-LPG 2.2.4 Kit qud thin^iem
- Cho ddng ca chgy 6n dinh, dilu chinh cdc
van d l cung cap LPG vdo dddng dng nap ddng cd
Sau khi tien hdnh thd nghi|m ddng cd diesd
vd ddng cd diesel-LPG d c h l dp toan tai vdi eac tdc
dd vdng quay khdc nhau Chiing tdi thu dUde cdc kit qud do dp khdi nhU trong bdng 1 vd hinh 2
- D l xkc dinh I d p i ^ LPG thay t h i nhiln
Bdng 1 Kit qud do do khdi cua dgng cd diesel khi pha thim LPG
D 6 k h 6 i * 1 0 0 % t i i ( l / m ) liSc dd d^ng cd
(v/ph)
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
Diesel
0,394
0,207
0,142
0,086
0,068
0,081
0,120
0,182
0,252
0,342
Diesel + I0%LPG 0,379 0,197 0,134 0,080 0,062 0,074 0,110 0,160 0,217 0,280
So sanh (%) -3,8 -4,8 -5,6 -6,9 -8,8 -8,4 -8,2 -12,0 -13,9 -18,1
Diesel -f 20%LPG 0,370 0,187 0,125 0,077 0,058 0,068 0,101 0,142 0,186 0,227
So sanh
(%)
-6,1 -9,7 -12,0 -10,0 -14,7 -16,0 -15,9 -22,0 -26,2 -33,6
5 0^5 l
- D i e s e l
'-Dieselt10%lPG D>eset<20%lP6
1000 1100 1400 1600 1800 1000 2100 2400 2600 2B00
Hinh 2 Biin thien d^ khdi d cdc vdng quay khdc nhau cua dgng cd
Trang 5NGHIEN Cdu-TRAODOI
Tvl kft q u i bifa t h i t o do khoi tren hinh 2 co th^ thSy ro khi pha LPG vao nhien Uta diesd d}
khoi ciia ddng CO giJm Ldong LPG phk vao n h i l n Ulu cang tang thi d0 kh6i gidm c i n g nhilu & s6 v6ng quay cao thi dp khoi giim nhilu h o n so v6i do khoi d so vong quay thap cila d^ng co
B.KETLUAN
Sau khi i ^ e n a l u thUc i ^ l m danh gia dp khoi c i a dpng CO diesel FAWDE- 4DX23-110 tai Trung tam thfl nghiem khi thai phrfong tien giao thong CO gi6i dUdng bp (NETC) Cac k i t qua nhan dupe cho thiy, dp khoi giam 6 tSt ca cac tfic d6 cua dpng CO khi cho LPG phun vao dfldng 6ng ii$
dpng ca, cu t h i nhfl sau;
- Khi pha 10% LPG mile giam dp khoi 6 tSc d6 dpng CO 1000 v/ph la 3,8%, 6 tdc dp 2800 v/pli
l i 18,1%
- Khi pha 20% LPG mile giim dp khoi cl toe d6 dpng CO 1000 v/ph la 6,1%, 6 toe d6 2800 v/ph
l i 33,6%
Tfl cac kft q u i da nghien cflu d t r i n cho thay, co t h i dung phflOng an n i y d l giim phit thii b6
hong cua d^ng co l i m h?n c h l i ^ y co gay un^ thfl, d i e bilt l i cic l o ^ xe ch?iy diesel d cac d6 thi 16n.*
Ngiy n h i n bii: 15/5/2013
Ngiy p h i n bien; 10/6/2013
Ngflfti phan bi^n: TS Ph?m Hflu Tflyen, Trfldng Dai hpc Bich khoa H i Ndi
T i i li^u tham k h i o :
[1] Cvc Dang kilm Viet Nam (2006), Ytu cdu va phUdng phdp thit khi thdi gdy d nhiem trong phe duylt kih [2] Cyc Dang kilm Viet Nam (2012) Wng hdp so lieu ve phUdng tiin giao thdng trong cd nUdc
[3] PGS, TS Cao Trong Hien, ThS Vflong Van Son (2013), Nghien citu ddnh gid khd ndng gidm phdt thUiHOt
vd PM cho ddng cd hai nhiln lieu diesel - LPG, T^ip chl Co Khi Vilt Nam, s6 thing 1/2013
[4] Nguyen Tat Tiln (2000), Nguyen ly dinged ddt trong, NXB Giao due Ha Npi
[5] Bdi Van Ga, Wn Thi Bdng, Pham Xuin Mai, Tran Van Nam, Trin Thanh Hai Ting, (1997), 6tdvid tMni
mdi trudng, NXB Giao due Ha NOi
[6] Dara D Torlaadeh, Wolfgang Lhgst, Uwe Kiencke, Engine Modeling and Exhaust Gas Estimation for DI-Diesel Engines, Institute of Industrial Information Technology, University of Karlsruhe, Germany