Đề xuất hệ thống quản lý vấn đề than tự cháy trong mỏ than hầm lò

Thdng tin khoa hpc cong ngh0 mo DE XUAT VE HE THONG QUAN LY VAN DE THAN TIT CHAY TRONG MO THf iN Wn LO Basing Uie investigation results and expenences dunng the woddng time at Institute of Mining Scie[.]

DE XUAT VE HE THONG QUAN LY VAN DE THAN TIT CHAY

TRONG MO T H f i N Wn LO

Basing Uie investigation results and expenences dunng the

woddng time at Institute of Mining Science and Technology

(IMSAT), Coalmine safety Center and at some underground

coal mines having coal spontaneous combustion, Dr, Isei

has proposed some solutions for coping with the coal

spontaneous combustion phenomena at the coal mines as

well as the preventive measures in the future These

proposals have been from the Japanese legal requirements

that will be amended suitable to the concrete conditions and

situations at Vietnam underground coal mines

TS TAKEHIRO ISEI

Chuyin gia tinh nguy$n JICA lai Vi$n khoa hQC Cdng ngh$ Md - Vinacomin

Thdng qua qua trinh tim hiiu

va ket qua khao sat trong thai

gian cong tac tgi V\$r\ Khoa hgc

Cdng ngh$ Md, Trung tSm An

toan Md va mpt so md than

him Id cd xay ra t y ch^y, Tiln

s? ISEI c6 m$t s6 d l xuM du'a

ra c^c bi$n ph^p nhiim d6i phd

vdi hi$n tu'png than ty chdy tgi

Ccic mo than cQng nhu* c^c bi$n

phdp ngan ngCra trong tirang

lai Cac d l xult trong bai v i i t

difQ'c can CLf tren cdc yeu c l u

phdip ly sOa d i i , tham khao tu*

cac mo Taiheiyo vd Kushiro cua

Nhgt Ban, cd tinh den cac diiu

ki^n va tinh hinh thyc t l tgi c i c

md than Vi^t Nam

1 Quan diem c c ban

Dinh nghTa

Cdn bp quan ly: Gidm d i e

mo than, phd giam d i e md

than, tryd'ng phdng an todn,

tn/dng phdng ky thu|t cOa md

Cdn b$ ho$c cdn b$ an

todn: Ky s y phy trdch hi§n

tru'dng, quan d i e phdn xySng

Mtjc dfch: Di ngdn ngCra

nguy ca vd t i n thyang cho

cdng nhdn mo, d l kilm sodt 6

nhiim mdi trudng md vd tgo

d i i u ki^n thugn lo'i cho cong tdc khai thac cac nguon khodng san hap ly, c i n tien hdnh thiet Igp cdc bi$n phdp

d i i phd c i n thilt vd-i hi?n tu'png than t y chay

Pham vi va trach nhi$m

Cdc bi^n phdp du'g'c thilt Igp se du'pc ap dgng vao tat ca cdc md than h i m Id cung nhu*

cdc td chCrc cd lien quan den vigc ho trp' cdng tac khai thac than tgi cdc dan v| tryc thudc Vinacomin

Trdch nhi$m

T i t ca cac ca quan lien quan d i n khai thac mo se chju

trach nhi$m v l hien tirqrng

than t y chdy tu- giai dogn Igp

k l hogch khai thac d i n giai dogn khai thdc mo thyc t l Trach nhi$m t i n g t h i nSn du'g'c giao cho Ban An toan cua Vinacomin Sy phan chia trdch nhi$m ciJa cdc bgn lidn quan se du'g'c Ban an todn cua Vinacomin dam nhi$m

Theo tdc gia, tat ca trdch nhl^m lien quan d i n khai thdc

mo phai dyg^c giao cho Gidm

d i e mo Tuy nhien, n l u chung

ta xem xet hp thong khai thac hipn tgi cua mpt md than tryc thuge Vinacomin cho thay cd mgt s l t l chLFC cung cd lien quan d i n Vi dy, trong tru'ang hep md than h i m Id, Vi$n Khoa hgc Cong nghp Mo thilt k l cdng tac khai thac, md tien hdnh khai thdc vd Trung tam

d p CLKU Mo chju trdch nhipm tien hdnh cdng vi$c khi sy c l xay ra Xem xet tinh hinh hipn tgi cua h$ thing khai thdc mo

h i m Id tryc thu$c Vinacomin, tac gia da du'a ra de xuat nhu-tren

C^c bi$n phdp dSiphd

Cdc bipn phdp d i i phd vdi hipn tu'O'ng than t y chdy se du'g'c thilt Igp theo cac dilm sau:

- K l hogch khai thac phu hg'p doi vd'i via than cd nguy ca xay ra hipn typng than t y chdy

- Ap dgng cdc bipn phdp doi vd'i khu vyc c6 nguy ca xay ra hi^n tu'O'ng than t y chay

- Cdc phu-ang phdp nhgn bilt d i u hipu cua hipn typ'ng than t y chdy

- Dgp t i t sy chdy hoge xay

tu-dng chan nham ching lgi

hien tu'O'ng than t y chay

- Ap dung cac bien phap sau

khi dgp tdt sy chdy hoac xay

tu'O'ng chan ching lai hipn

tu'O'ng than ty chay

- Dao tgo ve hipn tu'O'ng

than t y chdy

Cdc mge tren bao gom "ke

hoach khai thac" cd tinh den ca

yeu to san xuat va an todn bao

g i m ca hi^n tu'O'ng than t y

chdy, "cac bipn phap doi phd tai

hien tni'dng" nham ngan ngCra

hipn tu'O'ng than t y chay, "phat

hien sdm" hipn tu'O'ng than t y

chay cung nhu" "cac bipn phap

doi phd" sau khi xay ra hipn

typ'ng than t y chay

Cac van de can dieu tra tim

hiSu

Cd mdt so diem khac bipt

giija sy t y chay cua than

bitu-minous va sy t y chay eua than

antraxit, vi t h i , khdng t h i mdy

mde ap dung cac klnh nghi$m

thu du'g'c trong qua trinh t y

chay eua than tai Nhat Ban nai

cd sy t y chdy cua than

bitumi-nous Vi vgy can tien hanh cac

khao sat theo eac v i n d l nhy

sau:

- Ca che t y chay cua than

antraxit

- Qua trinh gia nhiet vd phat

sinh chdy cua than antraxit

- Xdc djnh kha nang t y chay

cua than antraxit cua vung

Quang Ninh cung nhu- cac

vung than khac cua Vipt Nam

- DiJ lipu thu thgp tu" cac vu

ty chay xay ra trydc day a cac

md than Vi$t Nam

- Phdt hipn sdm hipn tu'O'ng

t y chdy trong via than antraxit

- Tinh hipu qua va an toan

ciJa bipn phdp d i i phd vdi vipe phdt sinh t y chay

Thao luan cua eac ca quan lien quan

Vi ed nhieu to ehLcc eung lien quan den viec khai thdc tgi mgt mo than nen can thiet phai chia se cac y tu'O'ng va hieu bilt chung v l cong tac khai thae mo tu- giai doan thilt k l , lap cdng tac san xuat cQng nhy cac bipn phap can ap dyng sau khi hoan tat viec khai thac

Thong qua cac cugc thao luan eua edc ben lien quan, khdng ch? dan thuin ve khia canh ky thudt md con v l viec phdn chia trach nhipm quan iy v i n de t y chdy tCi' cdng tac phong ngi>a cho d i n cac bipn phap thyc hien tai hipn tru'dng nham ddi pho vdi than ty chay se du'gc thao lugn

2 D l xudt ap dyng Quy dinh trong noi b9 Cong ty cho cac b9 phan lien quan

Ke hogch khai thae hipu qua cho via than eo tinh t y chay

- Quylt dinh thu' ty khai thae v?a than (theo Idp): V l nguyen tac, khai thac chia Idp c i n phai khai thac tCr Idp tren trd xuong

Tuy nhien, trong tru'dng hg'p khoang each giu'a cac v?a du

an toan thi thCp t y ndy khdng nhat thiet phai tuan theo

- Khoanh khai thac dgc lap:

Phu'ang phap khai thac dgc lap nen du'g'c dp dgng va khoanh khai thdc dOc lap la giai phap kha thi tgo ra sy tach bipt vdi cae khu vyc khac Kieh thyde khoanh khai thac du'g'c quyet djnh khdng ch? dya tren s y hipu qua v l san xuat md edn phai dam bag yeu to phdng ngCra t y chdy Lya chpn c l u

true eua khoanh c i n xem xet

d i n eac thdng s l sau day: 1) Kieh cd: Chieu rgng va chilu dai cua khoanh c i n tinh

d i n t i c do t i l n gyang cung nhu' thdi gian k i t thuc khai thdc

2) Try bao vp giOa khoanh khai thac cu vd mdi: de giam

t h i l u cac anh hu'dng eua-ttr tang khai thdc cu d i n t i n g khai thac mdi, bao gom ca Id thdng gio cua t i n g khai thae mdi ( N l u Id doe v?a du'g'c bo tri trong da nhu* d mo Mao Khe thi ehilu rong eua try bao vp giiJa cae t i n g ed the du'g'c giam di Can danh gia sdu sat nhij'ng u-u, nhu'O'c diem cua viec bo tri du'dng Id trong than hay trong

da tren ca hai phu'ang dien an toan va san lu'g'ng)

[Tham khao trong truing h(?p cOa mo TAIHEIYO: Dieu 75}: Dien tich cua khoang khai thac doc lap nen nho hon 150,000 m^va chiiu rgng cua tru bao ve nen fan hon 10m, th&i gian de ket thuc mpf khoang khai thac nen nho han

1 nam

- Phu'ang phdp khai thac,

t i c dO tien gu-ang, phu'ang phap ehing giy va chen Id 1) Phyang phap khai thac:

- Phycng phap khai thac khau gigt va phd hda tCr trong mgt canh khai thac nen dyce

dp dyng

- Vipe khai thac than hgp ly nen du'O'c ap dyng de giam toi

da lu-cng than cdn t i n Igi trong khu vyc pha hda

- T i c dg t i l n gu-ang hgp 1^ phai dyge duy tri d l ngan ehgn

sy t y chay

{Tham khao trong truing

hop cua mo TAIHEIYO: Dieu

75]: Chiiu dii guvng Id cho

nen nhd hon 200m vi toe d$

khau than nen l&n hon

Im/ngay cung nhw phuung

phip phi hda nen du<?c ap

dung Trong trwdng hop can

thiit ip dung chen Id

2) Tilt di$n cua Id dgc v?a

vgn tai va Id thdng gid cua khu

vyc:

- Tilt dipn cua Id thdng gid

vd Id vdn tai ndn tu-ang du'ang

nhau

- Anh hydng iiy khu vyc da

khai thac d t i n g tren len Id

thdng gid cua md'c du'di nen

dygc giam thieu de kich thydc

Id thdng gid ting khai thdc du'di

khdng bj anh hu'dng

3) Cong tae xO ly vdi khu

vyc pha hda:

- Trong khi tiln hanh khiu

than tai gu-ang Id chg, phai

giam toi thilu lugng than cdn

du' lgi tai khu pha hda

- Vipe pha hda toan bg phia

sau gu-ang than phai du'gc duy

tri lien tgc

- De phdng ngifa gid di vdo

khu vyc pha hda, can thyc

hipn mgt so bipn phdp sau:

[1] Dung cac tam plastic chan

tam thdi phin du'dng Id vgn tai

d phia sau 16 chg (hinh 1)

[2] Chen Id d khu vye pha

hda phia tilp giap vdi du'dng Id

vgn chuyen [SODEMAKI

JUTEN] (hinh 1)

- Do dgc khi thoat ra tu' khu

vye pha hda tgi phia Id gid thai

(thong gid) (CO, CO2, H2S,

CH4)

4) Phu'ang phdp thdng gid:

- Tilt dipn Id dpc via vgn tai,

thdng gid nen tudn theo ehuIn

sau d l giam si>c can thdng gid

Chdn h6ng vd sd dyng tam chin bing nhya

Phun bCin tro bay

O

N-^'

Tim bit lastic

Phun bung tro bay

Mdng bjt pJastic

Mdng bit plasti

(Chiiu rdng cda tim chin hdng nin Ii 2m hoic Idn han) Hinh 1 Tim bit plastic bjt kin tai chd giao nhau cOa Id vin tii

va cung cap du lygng gid:

Tilt dipn Id dgc v?a vgn tai

va thdng gid: Sm^ hoac Idn han

[Tham khao tO md TAI-HEIYO: Dieu 39]: Tiet di?n Id thong gid nen chon nhw:

1) Du^ng gid chinh vao vi ra: Ion hon 7m^

2) Nhanh thong gid chinh vao va ra: Ion hon 5m^

3) Gid vao va ra cho guxyng khau than: Ion hon 7m^

- Vipe thdng gid (trdnh rd

gid) vdo khu vyc da khai thac phai dugc ngan chan nhu* da

neu trong '^ tu-dng d phin v l

phu'ang phdp khai thdc neu tren

- [Lien tue duy tri xen Id], it nhit, han 70% cae tilt dipn nen duge giu* Igi ngay ca khi tilt dipn du'dng Id bj thay d i i do

dp lyc dat da, bung nen hay cdc ly do khac

Cac bien phap can thi/c hi$n tai cac khu vyc cd tinh tt/ chiy

1) Tai cae khu vyc cd tinh ty chdy, cdc bipn phdp sau ddy

c i n dygc thyc hien:

- Nhan vien phy trach v^

cdng nhan phai du'O'c 3io tao

de nam du'Q'C cac tin hi$u cua

t y chay

- NhSn vien phy trach phai

l<iem tra nhi$t dp tang, phat

sinh cac gipt nypc ngu-ng tu,

phat sinh mui, phat hien CO va

cdc hien tupng l<hac (mui axit,

mCii ngpt) de tCf do phat hien

hipn tupng t y chSy cang sdm

cang tot

- Khu vyc CO tinh t y chay

c i n phai du'pc kiem tra hang

ngay, trong trypng hpp c6 sy

thay d6i nhanh ve ap suat khi

quyen thi phai tang cypng d l

y N§u phat hien t y chay hay

tin hieu sy t y chay, nh^n vien

phy trach phai bao cap ngu-pi

quan Iy va nhgn cac chf thj

- Cac bien phap sau day can

dypc chuan bi de chuan bi lam

tycyng chan

a) Try than can phai giy lai

t?i khu vyc d y djnh lam tyang

chin

b) Khu vyc d y kien lam

ty&ng chan phai la khu vyc

dypc dam bao khong co cac

phay pha Mong cua typng

chan can dypc chuin bj ti>

trypc, n l u c i n

- Tai khu vyc pha hoa, than

s|p d6 can dypc chyyen ra

ngoai ngay lap tyc Trong

tryong hop nghi ngp c6 t y

chay, lo quan sat can dypc

thiet l$p cung nhy c4c bipn

phap nhy lam lanh va chen 16

bing byi da can phai thyc hien

2) Tai dypng 16 doc vfa

trong than npi nghi ngp c6 t y

chay, cac thilt bj chya chay

can dypc trang bi, he thing

d p ny6c hieu qua (Ap suit vi

chit lypng nypc) can d y p c

chuin bj

3) B l thu?n Ipi cho viec xay dyng ty6'ng chin trong toppng hpp can thilt, tgi cya 16 xuyen vfa, cac vat lipu c i n thilt phai dypc chuin bj, m6ng cho typ'ng chan c i n phai chuin b|

try6'c

Phuang phap 3k phat hi$n tin hieu ci)a si/ti/'chiy

(1) Quan trac tai dypng 16 gio thai c i n ISm theo cac by6c:

1) Thilt bi do dac cin kilm tra trong t i t ca th6i gian kilm tra

2) Danh myc quan trac va tan suit (bang 1)

3) N l u nhan vien phu trach phat hipu mpt sd d i u hipu bat thypng thi phai bao ngay chp ngy6i quan ly va nhan c^c chf thj

(2) Quan trie tai phia 16 gi6

Bing 1

thai cOa khu vyc phd hda ngn thyc hipn nhy sau: 1) Thilt bj do dgc cin kilm tra trong tat ca th6i gian kilm tra 2) Danh myc quan t r i e vS

t i n s u i t (bang 2)

3) Neu nhdn vien phy trich phat hipu m$t s6 d i u hipy bit thy6ng thi p h i i bdo ngay cho ngy6i quan ly va nh$n chf thi

ChOa chiy hoic tim tiAmg chan chong ((/ chiy

(1) Trong t r y i n g hpp ty chdy, vipe chaa chdy hay Idm typng chan c i n thyc hipn theo cac byp'C say:

1) Tc chyc nen thyc hien

thee trinh t y cf sau vd Nhan

vien ky thuat An todn - dypc

bo nhiem bo'i Gidm doc - se chf dgo viec thyc hi$n:

Vj tri quan trac

Todn bO Id thai gid

Tan suat

it nhit 1 lln/ngdy

Danh myc quan trie

CHA. CO, 002

Bing 2

Vj tri quan trie

Khu vyc phd hda(ph[a Id thdng gi6)

Tan suit

1 lln/ca

Danh muc quan trie CHA, CO, COj.Ha, mOi,

nhi$t d$

.met d t set didt bing tay (noc 16)

Vila xi mtag

Tuong chintBQ)

Hinh 2 Tudrng chin ddng dit sdt vi gach xiy

\Tvim%fiffch

(a) Nhdm quan sat:

Nhdm quan sat bao gom

cdc ky su' cd lien quan cua md

than cung nhu- cdc ky sy eua

Tmng tam An todn Md vd Trung

tdm d p eCru Md

Nhdm nay se t i l n hdnh do

vd quan trie nhipt do, CH4, CO,

H2, mui, khdi vd quan sdt cde

hiem hga ed t h i xay ra nhu' da

rai cQng nhu* quan sat sy co cd

the eua hp thong thdng gid

Nhdm se bdo cdo eac k i t qua

do dgc vd quan sdt d i n Gidm

d i e vd b l tri vlpc thyc hipn

edng tdc tai hi^n tru'dng an

toan Nlu nhom phdt hipn nguy

ca hay hllm hga cd t h i xay ra

trong qud trinh thyc hipn edng

vipe hg se phai so tan cdc cdng

nhdn cd lien quan

(b) Nhdm tht/c Men:

Nhdm bao g i m cae ky su'

cd lien quan vd cdc edng nhan

cua md, eae nhan vien CCPU hg

du'gc phdi d i n tir Trung tam

d p edu Md

Nhdm nay thye hien chu'a

chdy hay bit kin khu ty chdy

(Phu'ang phdp chiJa chdy)

2) Trong tru'dng hgp chu'a

chdy tryc tilp du'gc dp dgng,

vdi phun nu'dc, hda chat ehIng

chdy, bgi da vd cdc thiy khde se

dygc dp dung tuy thuge tinh

hinh

(Tieu chuin v l viec bjt kin

tgm thdi va vTnh vien, vj tri va

phu'ang phdp l^p tu'dng chdn)

3) Trong tru-dng hgp chOa

chdy tryc tiep khdng t h i dp

dyng, khu vyc se dugc bjt kin

tgm thdi vd chen bun, bao cdt,

dd thai Sau dd, chen Id vTnh

vien (dya tren viee chdn Id

bing bijn) se du'gc tien hdnh

(2) Ldm tydng chan do t y

biliiy 111

Hinh 3 Tudng chin dOng

chdy hole cd nguy ea ty chay nen thyc hien theo chuan nhu' sau

1) K i t c l u cua tu'dng chan nen tudn theo nhy hinh 2, khi dCing ggch xay va dat set, theo hinh 3 khi dung vgt lipu hod chit VLNC, cdn khi diJng bun xi tro thi theo hinh 4

c l u true eua tu'dng ehan phai dap t>ng yeu cau cho vipe quan sdt bdn trong v l khi, nhiet

hda chit VLNC (Viit Nam)

dg, chenh Ipch dp suit cung nhu' thu^n tien cho vlpc bam khi tra hay nu'dc vao khu vyc sau tu'dng chan

2) Khu vyc lam tu'dng ehan

c i n thich hgp cho thao tdc nhanh chong

3) D i t da bao quanh khu vye tu'dng ehan phai du'gc chen chgt d l phdng rd khi (3) Bipn phdp phdng ngija cho hipn tu'gng t y chdy can

thyc hien nhy sau:

1) Khi phdt hi$n t y chay,

nhan vien phy trach phdi thyc

hi$n cac bien phdp khin cap

cQng nhy bdo cao cde qydn ly

NhOng ngypi quan ly phai tien

hanh sp tdn cdc nhdn vien O"

khu vyc phia sau luong gip

hppc tuy thupc vao tinh hinh

phai so tdn toan bp cong nhan

ngoai tri> nhyng ngypi co

nhiem vy dypc phdn cong thye

hien ccng vipe trpng tinh hulng

khin d p

2) Diln tap ve vlpc so tdn vd

phypng phdp sp tan nen lam

nhy sau:

(a) Diln tap v l so tan phai

thyc hipn che tpan t h i cong

nhan 3 thang mpt l l n tpi khu

thy nghiem

Ngypi quan ly phai thpng

bao cho toan t h i cong nhdn ve

dieu kien cua dypng 16, thong

gio cho viec dien tap

(b) Sp tan do no bui than,

khi hay chay mo ham 16, ngap

lyt mo hay cac nguyen nhan

khde phdi dypc chf dao bpi

nhan vien an tpan

3) Tuy thupc tinh trang t y

chay vd tinh chit cong viec,

Ngypi qudn ly se yeu c l u d6i

d p ciru va che phep hp x y

dung mdy tho' d l thao tac trong

trypng hpp can thilt

4) Trong qud trinh x y ly t y

chay, cdc thilt bj cdc thiet bj

eip cuu nhy may thp, binh t y

cuu, mdy cCru sinh, sp cyy,

edng vd cac thy khde phai

dypc chuan bj g i n npi t i l n

hdnh cong tdc

5) Ngypi quan 1^ phai t i l n

hdnh dp lyu lypng can gio,

thay doi thong gio hoge cdc

bipn phap e i n thilt d l chong

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ij«^'*/^iv|jr llKf»i p i l l

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Htnh 4 Miu tu^ng chin l<tii chdn

lai vi0c bung phdt t y chdy

Bien phap cSn thi/c hiSn sau tihi chua chiy hoac xay tu&ng Chan cich ly

1) Say khi ehira chdy tryc tilp hay xdy typng ehan cdch

ly, cae bi$n phdp bat bupc t y (2) d i n (5) dyp'i day phai dypc thyc hien cung nhy cde diem sau day phai dypc theo doi

Sau khi chOa chdy tnfc tilp, nhdn vien phai kilm tra nhipt

do, miJi, kh6i, hpi nypc, khi va cdc thy khac mpt each ky

lypng vd ghi lgi vao So xCr ly

than t y chdy (Hinh thyc se dypc thiet Igp) vd bdo edp Qudn ly

2) Trong t r y i n g hpp cp t h i xay ra n l phia trpng ty6ng

Id bing bun x! tm bay (TAIHEIYO)

chan, nhOng ngypi c6 lien quan c' g i n d6 phai t i l n hdnh

SP tan vd vipe thanh kiem tra typng ehan phdi d y p c thyc hipn it nhgt 24h sau khi tiln hdnh so tan Sau khi hoan thanh typng ehan, cho den khi tinh hinh ben trong typng Chan I n djnh, qyan sdt bSn trong typng ehan c i n phai thye hien hdng ca

3) Vipe kiem tra typng chin phai thyc hipn theo cac myc

t y 1) d i n 8) d y p i day cDng nhy k i l m tra dieu kien typ'ng ehan, ro khong khi qua cdc vfa lan cgn.Trong qug trinh quan sat ben trong typng c h i n ein thyc hipn theo cae bipn phdp

vd tidu chuin sau:

- Ong quan sdt lam bang

thep vdi ehilu dai phai du de

Idn hgn chilu day cua tu'dng

chin Vj tri dgt Ing phai gan

n i n cua tam tu'dng chdn

- Thilt bj do dgc phai kiem tra

trong suit thai gian quan trac

- Cdn bang dp suit phai

du'gc kilm tra thdng qua ong

cd dydng kinh nhd, qua do vi$c

lay m i u khi eung du'gc thye

hi$n

- Tgi tu'dng ehan du'gc quan

trac, c i n dgt bang d l ghi lai tan

suit vd k i t qua cae lan quan

trie (bang 3)

- Hgng muc quan trac va t i n

suit phai thyc hien:

- d p quan ly nen thilt Idp

tieu chuan cua mCrc nhu' tren

- Neu nhan vien phu trdch

phdt hipn mOt vdi dau hipu b i t

thu'dng phai bao eao Gidm d i e

va nhgn ch? thj

- Trong tru'dng hgp bjt kin

xung quanh, quan trac ein thye

hipn theo ch? djnh eua Gidm

doc vd quan trie tai cdc khu bjt

kin khde cd the du'gc huy bo

4) Phu'ang phap va thdi gian

md tu'dng chan du'ae thye hipn

nhu" sau:

1) Gidm doc se phe chuin

cho vipe md tydng chan bang

vipe xae nh|in vipe hoan t i t qud

trinh dgp tat t y chay n l u cdc

d i u hipu sau du'gc khang djnh:

(a) Khdng phdt hipn CO

hoge H2

(b) Ham lu'gng O2 giam d i n

1 hay 2 %

(c) Ham lygng CH4 khdng

dii

(d) Nhipt d$ trong tu'dng

chin bing nhipt do tai edc

dydng 16 khu vyc ldn egn

Bing 3

MCrc

A

B

C

D

Tan suit

1 lan/ngdy

2 lan/tuan

1 lln/tuan

1 iln/thang

Hang muc

CH4, C02, CO, H2, O2, H2S Nhipt dd, mui, mCii ngpt Chenh l$ch dp s u i t giO-a bSn

trong vi ngodi

(e) MOi da biln mat

(f) Ham lygng CO2 khdng doi

2) Khi tydng chan du-gc md, mgt tu'dng ehan tam thdi ed CLPa phai du'gc dyng de de phdng rd gid tO phia tru'de eua tu'dng ehan vmh viln vd khi tudng Chan cd the md dugc, phia trong tudng chan se dugc kilm tra bdi ddi d p cuu

3) Sau khi xac nhgn khdng

cd nguy hiem bdi vipe kiem tra ede hgng mge, tudng chan dugc djch v l phia trong td'ng budc, tdng budc, lugng khi ben trong se dugc tript tieu theo each an todn

4) Khi tudng chan dugc md,

v l nguyen tac, phia tudng gidp vdi lulng gid thai se dugc md tni'dc

5) Trong trudng hgp cd d i u hipu cua vipe lan rgng t y chdy, cde bipn phdp sau day e i n dugc thye hipn:

1) Sau khi k i t thue hogt dgng bjt kin sy t y chdy, bang xdc nhdn, ten tudng chdn, dge tinh vd ngay hodn thdnh phai duge thdng bdo

2) N l u sy lan rgng cua t y chdy dygc phat hien, ngudi quan ly phai thi hanh cac bipn phdp c i n thilt nhu gia c l tudng chan bang chen Id hoge khac, xdy tudng ehan phg trg, ching chdy

3) Sau khi md tudng chan,

n l u sy t y chdy tdi phdt, ngudi quan ly phai thi hanh eae bipn phap c i n thilt nhu ddp tat sy chdy, xdy tudng

Dao tao ve tu- chiy

Hipn nay, eae md than Viet Nam cd it kinh nghipm v l than

t y chdy nen can dao tgo cho ea cdc ky su lan cdng nhdn d l de phdng than t y chay cung nhy giam thieu cdc thipt hgi hoae tu

sy bung phat than t y chdy Vi$c ddo tgo n^n lam nhu sau: (1) Cdc bdi giang tgi trudng hgc

1) Cache t y chay; 2) Phat hipn sy ty chay; 3) Cdc bipn phap ngan ngua

t y chdy (Tren ca ke hogch va hi^n trudng san xult); 4) Sy rui ro do hien tugng t y chdy;

5) Bipn phdp phdng ngua t y chdy;

6) Sy md tudng ehan (2) Klnh nghiem thong qua phdt hi$n mui

Trong 280 l l n xult hipn t y chdy tai Nhgt Ban ed 131 dugc phat hipn bdng mui, 83 l l n do khdi, 38 l l n do khi CO, 22 lan

do ida vi vgy dao tao v l kinh nghipm phdt hipn mui eho ede

ky su va cdng nhan la thilt y l u

dk sdm phat hi$n hipn tugng ty

chdy Sa bg ve each dao tgo

t h i hi$n nhu hinh 5 (3) Thao tac bjt dudng Id

r

Lonnng

Mia

100 K;

Mau than

Mut

^ V

Hinh 5 Dio tao vi kinh nghi$m phit hi$n mCii

trong qui trinh gia nhiet cho m§u than

Yeu c l u ea ban la phai xay

dyng tudng ehan hoan todn kin

vdi khdng khi, tuy nhien, r i t

nhieu ke nut dugc tim t h i y tgi

nhung tudng chan Vi vgy, can

phai ddo tgo ky nang xay dyng

tudng chan de lam dugc tudng

kin khdng bj cac ke nut,

3 Phuang h y d n g quan ly

an loan

He thong quan ly an toan

Khong ch? trong trudng hgp

t y chdy md ca trong trudng

hgp no khi, tdc gia nhan t h i y

sy phuc tap ve trdch nhiem v l

quan ly an toan tgi cac mo than

Viet Nam Vi dy, trong

trudng hgp cua mo h i m Id, k l

hoach khai thac md duge lap

bdi Vien KHoa hge Cdng nghp

Md, hogt dgng hdng ngdy duge

quan ly bdi md vd trong trudng

hgp xay ra t y chdy, hogt ddng

viec quan ly t i n g the cua v i n

de t y chdy ? Trong trudng hgp Nhat Ban, t i t ea eae trach nhipm ve quan 1^ an todn trong md than thudc ve ngudi nam quyen khai thae md ngudi chu mo -theo Ludt An toan Md Nhu vgy, t u giai dogn Igp thilt k l eho d i n giai dogn ddng cua

mo, t i t ca cae ehu de ve an toan se duge quan ly bdi ngudi chu md

O l cd hp thing quan ly an todn tot han trong eac md than dang hoat dgng tgi Vipt Nam,

c i n ed sy xem xet Igi he thong hi$n tgi cung nhu tim cdch tap trung trdch nhipm eho 1 ngudi tgi mdi md

Nghien cOv ve than ti/ chiy

Mac du Nhgt Ban cd nhieu kinh nghipm eung nhu nghien xay tudng chan Igi dugc tien cuu v l v i n d l than t y chay, tuy

hdnh bdi Trung tdm Cap cuu nhien, khdng c6 nhieu diem

Md Mac d i u thdng qua tung chung vdi hipn tuang t y chdy

nhipm vu, mgt s l trdch nhiem ciJa than antraxit Mge du da

quan trgng trong vipe chong lai chung kiln mOt vdi l l n ve hi^n

sy t u chdy dugc chia cho cdc tugng than t y chay tgi Vi#t

dan vj cd lidn quan Ai se phaj Nam, tae gia nhdn thiy mgt s l

chju trdch nhipm cull cOng v l khia cgnh khde vdi t y chdy cua

than bituminous, t i t ca d i i u tren Id r i t quan trong eho viec sdm phdt hipn vd ngan ngda than t y chdy

Tdc gia lo ngai ve vipe bijng phdt than t y chay se khdng eh? xay ra tgi m|t vai mo nhd md cdn xay ra tgi cdc md than khde trong vung than Quang Ninh Neu ehung ta hieu bilt ^ u sac v l hipn tugng than t y chay eua than antraxit, chCing ta cd the ngan ngCi'a ede tae dgng tieu cyc tCf s y t y chay, hiim hga ve tai nan, lang phi tai nguyen quy bau va dinh trp san

xuat De dgt dygc cac muc

dich tren, e i n cap thilt tiln hanh nghidn edu than t y chay tai hien trudng cung nhu tai phdng thi nghipm Doi tugng can d i i u tra dugc the hipn trong phan 1-5 d tren

Bom hon hop t)un tro bay de Chen Id

R i t nhilu md than tgi Nhgt Ban da thdnh cong trong viec

x u ly t y chdy bang vipe su dyng ky thugt "chen Id bang bun tro bay" khdng ch? d l lam tudng ehan ching Igi sy t y chay ma edn lam tudng ehan nhu mgt bipn phdp phdng ngua eho khu phd hda, dudng Id, da khai thdc Tdc gia tin tu^ng rang ky thugt "chen Id bing biJn tro bay" se hipu qua eho vipe quan ly t y chdy Mgt diem thudn Igi ni^a Id cd r i t nhieu nhd mdy nhipt dipn d xung quanh khu vye md nen cd t h i

d l dang thu dugc lugng x? thai

t u cdc nhd mdy nhipt di$n ndy Han nua, s u dgng x? tro bay,

"chit thai cdng nghiep" cung la cdch d l giai quylt v i n d l mdi trudng./