CO HOI VA THACH THtrc DOI V6l PHAT TRIEN NANG LUONG GIO 6 VI£T NAM NGUYfiN THI THU HA" 1 Dat vdn dl Tft ldu con ngudi da bilt sft dyng nang Iupng gid, xtt Ha Lan ndi tilng vd nhfltig quat gid khdp ddt[.]
Trang 1CO HOI VA THACH THtrc DOI V6l PHAT TRIEN
NANG LUONG GIO 6 V I £ T NAM
NGUYfiN THI THU HA"
1 Dat vdn d l
Tft ldu con ngudi da bilt sft dyng nang
Iupng gid, xtt Ha Lan ndi tilng v d nhfltig
quat gid khdp ddt nude hp Ngdy xua nang
lupng nay dupc sft dung d l di chuyin
thuyln budm hay khinh khi cdu, tao cdng co
hpc nhd vdo cac cdi xay gid xay lua, bom
nudc Kl ttt khi cd nang lupng ddu khi,
nang Iupng gid lii ddn vao qudn lang; t d
cudc khing hoang ndng lupng xay ra vdo
ndm 1970, ndng lupng tdi tao m d dupc chu
^ trd lai Sy chu ^ nay cdng dupc gia tang
hon nfla trudc bdi canh ndng ldn cia toan
cdu Nguy CO khing hoang ndng lupng cia
cdc nudc phdt triln cflng nhu mdi quan tdm
ngdy cdng cao cia cdc nudc ndy vl bao vd
mdi trudng da tid'p thdm stte manh cho
nhttng nd luc tim kilm cdc dang nang lupng
tdi tao thdn thidn v d mdi trudng va didn gid
hiin nhidn Id mdt tttig dyng Vdo nhfltig
ndm ddu thdp nidn 80 cia t h i ky 20, nhttng
ttai didn gid (wind farm) bdt ddu dupc thilt
kl, xdy cdt va trong hon ba m u d ndm qua,
didn gid da cd nhttng budc tiln vupt bdc
Dd'i v d Vidt Nam, tuy hidn vdn dya vao
hai hinh thttc didn ndng chi yd'u la nhidt
didn va thiy didn, nhung trong tuong lai
Vidt Nam cdn tim cho minh nhfltig hinh
thttc mdi d i dam bao nhu cdu didn phyc vy
san xud't va sinh boat ngay mdt tdng Dupc
ddnh gid Id qude gia vtta cd tilm ndng ndng
lupng gid Idn, vtta cd vi tri dia Iy thudn lpi
cho vide khai thdc va phdt triln ndng lupng
gid, Viet Nam hoan toan d i dilu kidn cho
cdc nhd ddu tu phat triin ngudn nang lupng
ndy Song do nhilu nguydn nhdn chu quan
vd khdch quan cdc dy dn didn gid da vd
dang ttiin khai tai Vidt Nam gap phai khdng
It khd khan Bai vilt nay tdc gia tap ttung
phdn tich nhttng ylu td thudn lpi va khd
khan ttong vide phdt triln nang lupng gid d Vidt Nam
2 Co hdi va thdch thttc phdt trien nang lupng gid tai Vidt Nam
a Ca hdi
Ve tiem ndng ndng lugng gid
Nam trong khu vyc can nhidt d d gid mia vdi dudng bd biln ddi, Vidt Nam cd mdt thuan lpi CO ban dl phdt triln nang lupng gid Trong chuong trinh ddnh gid vl nang lupng cho Chau A, Ngdn hdng thi gid da cd mdt khao sdt chi tilt ndng lupng gid khu vyc Ddng Nam A, trong dd cd Vidt Nam Theo tinh todn cia nghidn cttu nay, ttong 4 nudc dupc khao sat thi Vidt Nam cd tilm nang gid ldn nhdt va hon ban cac qude gia lan can
Id Thai Lan, Lao, Campuchia Trong khi Vidt Nam cd 8,6% didn tich lanh thd dupc danh gid la cd tilm nang ttt "tdt" den "rdt td't" dl xdy dyng cac tram didn gid cd Idn thi didn tich ndy d Campuchia id 0,2%, d Lao la 2,9%
va d Thai Lan cflng chi la 0,2%' Theo nghidn cttu cia Ngdn hang thi gid, trdn lanh thd Vidt Nam, hai ving giau tilm ndng nhd't d i phat triin ndng Iupng gid la Son Hai (Ninh Thudn) va vung ddi cdt d dd cao 60 100 m ttt phia tdy Ham Tiln din Mui Ne (Binh Thudn) Vung nay khdng nhttng cd van tdc gid trung binh ldn, ma cdn
cd mdt thudn lpi la sd lupng cdc con bao khu vuc It va gid cd xu the dn dinh Trong nhttng thang cd gid mua, ty Id gid nam va ddng nam ldn den 98% v d vdn tdc trung binh 6 7 m/gidy, ttte la van tdc cd thi xay dyng cdc tram didn gid cdng sud't 3 - 3,5 MW^
ThS Nguyin Thj Thu Ha, Vien NghMn ciiu Moi truimg va phat triln ben viimg
1 http://sokhcn.baria-vungtau.gov.vn
2 http://www.baomoi.com
Trang 2NguySn Thi Thu Ha - Ca hdi va thach thiic doi vdi phdt triin didn gid
B A N G 1: Tiem nang NLG bdn nudc Dong Nam A o do cao 65 m
Nudc
Campuchia
Ldo
Thai Lan
Viet Nam
Phan Ioai gio Dac trung tiem ndng gio
Viing ddt CO gio (Km^)
% ttong tdng dien ti'ch
Tilm nang MW
Viing ddt CO gid (Km^)
% trong tdng dien ti'ch
Tilm nang MW
Vilng da't CO gio (Km^)
% trong tdng dien ti'ch
Tilm nang MW
Viing ddt cd gid (Km^)
% ttong tdng dien ti'ch
Tilm nang MW
Gio yeu (< 6ni/s)
175.468 96.4%
NA 184.511 80.2%
NA 477.157 92.6%
NA 197.342 60.6%
NA
Gio nhe (6-7m/s)
6.155 3.4%
24.620 38.787 16.9%
155.148 37.337 7.2%
149348 100.361 30.8%
401.444
Tot (7-8
m/s)
315 0.2%
1260 6.070 2.6%
24.280
748 0.2%
2.992 25.679 7.9%
102.716
Rat t6t
(8-9m/s)
30 0.0%
120
671 0.3%
2684
13 0.0%
52
2187 0.7%
8.748
Cue td't
(>9 m/s)
0 0.0%
0
35 0.0%
140
0 0.0%
0
113 0.0%
452
NguSn: Ngan hang Thi gidi
Tdng tilm nang didn gid cua Vidt Nam ude
dat 513.360 MW ttte la bang hon 200 Idn
cdng sudt cia Thiy didn Son La va hon 10 ldn
tdng cdng sudt dy bdo nganh didn vdo nam
2020' Tdt nhidn, di chuyin ttt tilm nang ly
thuylt thanh tilm nang cd thi khai thdc, tilm
nang ky thuat va cudi cung thanh tilm nang
kinh t l la ca mdt cau chuydn dai Nd'u xet tidu
B A N G 2 Tilm nang gio cua Viet
chudn dl xay dyng cac tram didn gid cd nhd phyc vy cho phdt triln kinh t l d nhflng khu vyc khd khan thi Vidt Nam cd din 41% didn tich ndng thdn cd the phdt ttiln didn gid loai nhd Nlu so sdnh con sd nay v d cac nudc lang gilng thi Campuchia cd 6%, Lao cd 13%
va Thai Lan la 9% didn tich ndng thdn cd thi phdt triln nang lupng gid*
Nam d dd cao 80 m so vd bl mat dd't
Tdc do gid trung
blnh
Dien ti'ch (km^)
Dien tich ehilm
(%)
Tilm nang (MW)
< 4 m / s 95.916 45,7 956.161
4 - 5 m/s 70.868 33,8 708.678
5 - 6 m/s 40.473 19,3 404.732
6 - 7 m/s 2.435 1,2
24351
7 - 8 m/s
220 0,1 2.202
8 - 9 m/s
20 0,01
200
>9m/s
1
<0.01
10
NguSn: AWS Truepower, 2011 Wind resource atlas of Viet Nam
Ttt vung biin cho tdi khu vyc ndi dja dlu
cd thi thu dupc ngudn nang lucmg gid vdn
cd v d nhttng giai phap linh boat va phong
phi Cdc tram didn bang stte gid dat d ven
biin cho san Iupng cao hon cdc tram ndi dia
vi bd biin thudng cd gid manh Giai phap
ndy tilt kidm ddt xay dyng, ddng thdi vide
van chuyin cac cdu kidn Idn trdn biln cflng thuan lpi hon trdn bd
Trdn mdi nha cao tdng cflng cd thi dat tram didn gid ding cho cdc nhu cdu trong nha va
3 http://www.baomoi.com
4 http://www.monre.gov.vn
Nghien aiu Phit triii bin vitng si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012
Trang 3NguySn Thi Thu Hd -Co hdi va thach thCtc doi vdi phat trien didn gid
cung cdp didn cho thanh phd khi khdng dung
hit didn Tram didn nay cang cd y nghla ldn
hon khi thanh phd bdt ngd hi mdt didn
Theo Ta Van Da (2010) thi tai cdc hai dao
Vidt Nam cd thi khai thdc nang lupng gid bang
cdc ddng CO cd cdng sudt ldn 6 lyc dia tai dd
cao 10 m mdt sd nd cd thi khai thdc bdng ddng
CO cd cdng sudt nhd; tai dd cao 20 m mdt sd n d
cd thi khai thac bdng ddng co cd cdng sudt
ttung binh; tai dd cao 40 m mdt sd n d cd thi
khai thdc bdng ddng co cd cdng sudt ldn cdn tai
dd cao 60 m nhilu n d cd thi khai thac bang
ddng CO cd cdng sudt ldn 6 nhihig vung nii cd
dja hinh chia cdt, vide lpi dyng gid dja hinh dl
kliai thac ndng lupng gid cd thi mang lai lpi Ich
nhdt djnh Nhiing mdm nui, nhiing ddi hoang
khdng sft dung dupc cho cdng nghidp, ndng
nghidp cflng cd thi dat dupc ttam didn gid
Trudng hpp nay khdng cdn lam try dd cao, tilt
kidm ddng kl chi phi xdy dyng
Didn khi hda ngdnh dudng sdt la xu hudng
tdt ylu cia cdc nudc cdng nghidp Trong khi
xay dyng vd hidn dai hda tuyln dudng dpc ven
biin Bdc - Nam, nlu chung ta quy hoach ttdng
cdc till quat gid dpc theo tuyln dudng dd thi
Vidt Nam se cd mdt "xa Id phong didn" vd
cdng sudt khdng hi nhd Cac ddu mdy diesel
vd than dd tidu thy Iupng nhidn Udu rdt ldn vd
gdy d nhidm mdi ttudng se dupc thay thi bang
ddu mdy didn trong tuong Iai
Ddt mdt ttam didn bang stte gid bdn canh
cdc ttam bom thuy lpi d xa lud didn qude gia
se ttdiih dupc vide xdy dyng dudng ddy tai didn
vd chi phi idn gdp nhilu ldn chi phi xdy dtmg
mdt ttam didn bdng stte gid Vide bao quan
mdt ttam didn bdng stte gid cung don gian hon
vide bao vd dudng ddy tai didn rd't nhilu
Mdt ttam 40kW cd thi du cho mpt xa vung
cao, mdt doan thdm dd dia chd't hay mdt khdch
san du ljch bidt Idp, n d dudng ddy chua thi
vuon t d duoc Mdt ndng tiirdng ca phd hay
cao su trdn cao nguydn cd thi xdy dimg tram
didn bang stte gid hdng ttam hoac hang ngan
kW, vtta phuc vu d d sdng cdng nhdn, via
cung cdp nttdc tud va ding cho xudng chl
biln san phdm
- Vidii'u kiin kinh te-xd hdi
Cd thi dd dang nhdn thd'y cdc dia phuong d
Vidt Nam dang ttong thd k^ phdt tiiin khd
manh me vl kmh te - xa hdi Mac d i nln tang kinh t l d cdc dia phuong vdn chua phai la sung tuc, song de gdp phdn cing cdc nha ddu tu kit hpp vd su hd ttp cd hidu qua cia Nha nudc, cac tinh cd d i kha nang thyc hidn cdc dy dn xdy dyng nha mdy didn gid d dia phuong nlu nhu d dd cd tilm nang nang Iupng gid dang kl Mat khdc, thyc t l cia vide cung ling didn cho phdt tiiln kinh t l va cdc hoat ddng xa hdi hidn nay d ca nudc ndi chung va cdc tinh ndi ridng dang ttong tinh trang thilu hut nghidm ttpng Dilu dd nay sinh nhu cdu xa hdi cdn din vide khai thdc thdm cac ngudn nang lupng khac bd sung Mdt ttong cdc ngudn nang lupng m d kha quan nhdt d Viet Nam la nang lupng gid Theo Quy hoach phdt triln didn dupc Chlnh phi phd duydt thdng 7 - 2011, Vidt Nam se uu tidn phdt triln nang lupng tdi tao di dat dupc ty
Id 6% nang lupng tai tao trong tdng san Iupng didn vao nam 2030 Dd'i tupng uu tidn la nang Iupng m d theo hudng tap ttung vao thiy didn nhd, didn gid, sft dung cac phu phdm ndng nghidp, rac thai di phdt didn, sft dung ndng lupng mdt ttd dl cdp nhidt, sdy ndng san, lpc nudc sach ttong cac co sd djch vu cdng cdng, ddn dyng va ttong ndng nghidp, phdt triin cac hdm khi sinh hpc dl dun ndu tai ndng thdn Bdn canh cac chinh sdeh vd quy djnh lidn quan din phdt triin ndng lupng tdi tao, Chlnh phi Vidt Nam da ban hdnh Quylt djnh sd 37/QD-Trg ngay 29 thang 6 ndm 2011 vl Co chl hd ttp phdt triin cdc dy dn didn gid tai Vidt Nam Quyet djnh dua ra mttc gid didn gid dupc mua b d Bdn mua didn la 1.614 ddng/kWh (chua bao gdm thue gid trj gia tang, tuong duong 7,8 UScents/kWh), trong dd da bao gdm khoan ttp cdp 207 ddng/kWh (tuong duong vd 1,0 UScent/kWh) cua CMih phi thdng qua Quy Bao vd Mdi tiiidng Vidt Nam Quyet dinh nay cflng quy djnh, cdc dy an didn gid dupc miln thul nhdp khdu ddi vd hang hda nhdp khdu dl tao tai san cd dinh cia du an Hang hda nhdp khdu la nguydn Udu, vat Udu, ban thanh phdm trong nudc chua san xudt dupc Thul sudt thul thu nhdp doanh nghidp (TNDN), cflng nhu vide miln, giam thul TNDN dd'i vd dy an didn gid dupc thyc hidn nhu ddi vd dy dn thudc Gnh vyc ddc bidt uu dai ddu tu
Nghiin cdu Phit triin bin vOng so 3 (36) - Thdng 9/2012
Trang 4NguySn Thi Thu Ha - Ca hdi va thach thUc ddi vdi phat triin didn gid
Chlnh phi cflng dat ra cac muc tidu phat
triin didn gid thdng qua Quylt dinh sd
1208/QD-TTg cia Thi tudng Chlnh phi ngay
21 thdng 7 nam 2011 phd duydt Quy hoaeh
phat triln didn lyc qude gia giai doan
2011-2020 cd xet din nam 2030 (hay cdn gpi la
Tdng so dd VH) vao khoang l.OOOMW (tuong
duong khoang 0,7% tdng cdng sudt didn) vao
nam 2020, va khoang 6.200MW (khoang
2,4% tdng cdng sudt didn) vao nam 2030
Chlnh phi Vidt nam da danh sy chu y
nhilu hon ntta dl phdt triln didn gid nham b i
ddp mdt phdn tinh trang thieu didp Hidn
nay, cd khoang 42 dy an didn gid vdi quy md
cdng sudt ttt 6 MW din 150 MW dang trong
cdc giai doan triin khai khac nhau Tuy
nhidn, chi cd duy nhdt mdt dy an didn gid
dd'u ndi lud didn qude gia vdi chi ddu ttt la
Cdng ty Cd phdn Nang lupng Tai tao Viet
Nam (REVN) tai tinh Binh Thuan Dy an da
ldp dat thanh cdng 20 tua bin gid vdi cdng
sudt 1.5 MW/tuabin va da dupc ddu ndi hoan
todn vdo hd thdng lud didn qude gia vao
thdng 3 nam 2011
Ngoai ra mdt sd dilu khoan thi hidn trong
Ludt didn lyc, co chl phdt tiiin sach CDM ddng
thd cdc myc tidu, cdc chiln lupc quy hoach,
phdt triin nganh didn dai ban, ngdn han cflng
khuyin khi'ch khai thdc phdt triin didn gid
- Sifphdt trien cda khoa hge edng nghi
Trong khi ngudn nang lupng ttt nhidn lieu
hda thach nhu than da, ddu md, khi dot dang
bi coi Id kem dn dinh va cd xu thi tang gia,
thi cing v d sy phdt ttiin nhanh chdng cua
cdng nghd, gid thanh cia didn gid cang ngay
cang re hon Thdm vao dd la cdch nhin nhdn
va danh gia dung ddn cua ngud tidu ding vl
gid thanh sft dung khdng chi bao gdm chi phi
kinh t l ma cdn gdm ca nhung chi phi ngoai
nhu: Chi phi vl xa hdi do phai tai dinh cu, hay
vl mdi trudng do d nhidm
Nlu nhu Nhd mdy Thuy didn Son La v d 6
td may, tdng cdng sudt thid't k l la 2400 MW,
dupc dy kiln xdy dung trong 7 nam, v d tdng
mttc ddu tu la 2,4 ty USD Gia thanh khi phat
didn (chua tinh dd'n chi phi mdi trudng) la 70
USD/MWh Nhu vay, d i cd dupc 1 kW cdng
sudt cdn ddu tu 1.000 USD trong 7 nam^
m
Trong khi dd, theo thd gid nam 2003, ddu
tu cho 1 kW didn gid d nhilu nudc chau Au cung vao khoang l.OCX) USD Dang luu y la
g i i thanh nay^ianLdlu hang nam do cai tiln cdng nghd Neu t h d gian sft dung ttung binh cfta mdi ttam didn gid la 20 nam thi chi phi khdu hao cho mdt kWh didn gid se la 14 USD Cdng thdm chi phi thudng xuydn thi tdng chi phi quan Iy va van hanh se ndm trong khoang 48 - 60 USD/MWh tuong duong v d thfty didn, vdn dupc coi la ngudn nang lupng re va hidu qua
Theo dy dodn, din nam 2020, gid thanh ddu tu cia didn gid se giam dang ki, chi khoang 600 USD/kW, khi d'y chi phi quan 1^
va van hanh se giam ddng kl, chi cdn khoang
30 liSD/MWh
Mat khdc cd thi da dang hda dupc ngudn nang lupng, kit hcrp nhttng ngudn nang lupng truyin thd'ng vdi nhiing ngudn nang Iupng tdi tao sach vdi chi phi hpp ly; mdt khac cd thi khai thac dupc thi manh cia mdi ngudn nang lupng va tdn dyng cdc ngudn ndng lupng nay trong mdi quan hd bd sung lin nhau thudn lpi khai thac ngudn ndng lupng nay Tai Chdu Au, cdc tudc bin gid dupc ndi mang toan Chdu Au, nhd vao dd ma vide san xudt didn cd thi dupc dilu hda mdt phdn Mdt kha nang khdc se cd sft dung cdc nha may phdt didn cd bom trtt di bom nudc vao cdc bdn chtta d trdn cao va ding nudc dl van hanh tudc - bin khi khdng d i gid Xay dyng cdc nha may didn cd bom trtt nay la mdt tac ddng ldn vao thidn nhidn vi phai xdy chung trdn cac dinh nui cao
6 Viet Nam vao nam 2002 dl tai ndng lupng gid kit hpp ndng lupng mat ttd dupc ttng dung trdn vung cao xa Canh Lidn Thilt
bi didn gid kit hpp ndng lupng mat trd gdm: mdt try ang ten tam gidc cao 12 met, mdt mdy phat didn gid cd cdng sudt Ikw, 4 tdin pin mat trd cdng sudt 250w, 4 binh dc quy vd bd ddi didn 24 vol ttt 1 chilu ra 220 vol xoay chilu
d i sft dung Khi cd gid va ndng hd thdng didn dupc nap vao binh dc quy, qua bp ddi didn ra
220 vol didn xoay chilu Nl'u ttam chi sft dung nang lupng gid thi cd nhfltig luc van tdc
5 http://vst.vista.gov.vn
Nghien cdu Phit triin bin vOng si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012
Trang 5NguySn Thi Thu Hd -Cd hdi va thach thifc ddi vdi phat triin didn gid
gid thdp, cdng sudt phdt didn cfta may nhd,
thdm chl may khdng boat ddng Day cung
thudng la nhiing luc trua ndng, ngudn nang
Iupng mat ttd rdt ddi dao Do dd, vide kit hpp
ca hai Ioai nang lupng ttdn da khdc phuc dupc
hidn tupng phdt didn ngdt quang
- Veyi'u td'hiiu qud kinh te:
Hidn nay, cdc nha ddu tu khi tham gia ddu tu
vdo cac dy dn didn gid cd thi nhan dupc ttp gid
ttt Quy bao vd Mdi tiirdng Ngoai ra, hp cdn
dupc vay vdn cia chi sd httu vd lai sudt thdp
Hon ntta, theo tinh todn cia cac nha quan iy
didn cho thdy, cac dy dn thudng dem lai hidu
qua kinh t l cao, Dd id nhflng thuan lpi rdt Idn
tao ra stte thu hit ddi vd cac nha ddu tu tham
gia dy dn Mdt kha ndng bd sung ngudn vdn
cdn dupc ki din Id ban chttng chi giam phat
thai khi nha kinh (CER) theo co chl phdt tiiln
sach (CDM)
Mdc di hd thdng ndng Iupng gid cd chi phi
ddu tu ban ddu ddng kl, nhung hd thdng nay cd
thi canh ttanh vd cdc ngudn nang Iupng tiidng
thudng khi giam chi phi hoac khdng phai tta chi
phi sft dung ttong thd gian dai Thd gian hoan
vd'n dya ttdn hd thd'ng dupc chpn lya, ngudn gid
d nd sft dung, gid didn d khu vyc d vd each con
ngud sft dung hd thdng
Cdc tde ddng din mdi trudng cda du dn
xdy dung vd van hdnh trgm diin gid
Ngudn tdc ddng gdy anh hudng xdu din chdt
lupng mdi tiirdng ehft yd'u xay ra ttong giai doan
thi cdng dy dn chdng iian nhu cdc Ioai chit thai
rdn sinh ra do qud ttinh xdy dyng gdy ra d nhidm
khdng khi khu vyc nhung chi la ngudn ngdn han
Trong khi dd, thdng qua xay dyng dy an, hd
thdng dudng giao thdng ttong khu vyc dupc
nang cdp tao dilu kidn thuan Ipi cho qua tiinh
van chuyin vd san xudt, ddng thd cdn gdp phdn
anh hudng tdt td giao thdng cue bd trong vung
Thdng tiiudng, khu vuc dat dy dn Id cac khu
vuc cd mdt dd ddn cu thua thdt hoac xa khu vyc
ddn cu ddng due hode da cd cac phuong dn giai
tda tiuch hpp, ddt dai ttong khu vyc nha may
chu ylu la ddt ndng nghidp, san xud't theo thd
vu ndn du an It anh hudng din ndng nghidp
tixmg ving Khi dy dn di vao boat dpng, luong
didn san xudt duoc tuy khdng Idn nhung ttong
qud ttinh san xud't se khdng phat thai nhttng
chd't ddc hai vao mdi tiirdng, khdng tilm dn cdc
tdc ddng cd hai hay nhttng rii ro cao nhu cdc loai hinh san xudt didn khdc
Sy ra d d va boat ddng cia dy dn se kich thich su phdt tiiln manh me cia cac nganh cdng nghidp, tilu thi cdng nghidp va cdc djch
vy ttong ving Qud trinh xdy dung nha mdy nhin chung khdng gay anh hudng xdu din canh quan kiln ttuc va nhu cdu van hod, giai tri cia khu vyc Tham chl, sau khi dy dn di vao boat ddng, se cd mdt "ttang ttai dien gid" dep khdng kem bdt ctt ttang ttai didn gid nao ttdn thi gid
Dy dn se lam thay ddi bd mat cia dja phuong, khu vyc vdn dupc xem la cdn cdi, ttd ndn sd'ng ddng vd hang chuc tua - bui gid boat ddng Udn hic Day se la stte hut dang kl du khdch dd'n tham quan
b Rdo cdn
- Ve tiem ndng ndng lugng gid
Mdc d i dupc ddnh gid Id khu vyc cd tilm nang ndng Iupng gid khd ddi dao, song vide phdt tiiin khai thdc sft dyng Ioai nang Iupng nay
d Vidt Nam m d chi d dang thft nghidm budc ddu Mdt ttong nhttng khd khan ldn nhdt Id cdc kit qua dilu tta, ddnh gid vl tilm nang ndng Iupng gid trdn lanh thd m d dttng Iai d mttc khdi qudt Chua cd cdng ttinh nghidn cttu nao dilu tta khao sat va ddnh gia mdt each cu thi, chi tilt cho tttng khu vyc ridng bidt Ddng thd, ttdn toan lanh thd Vidt Nam ndi chung cflng nhu d cdc dja phuong ndi ridng chua cd dupc quy hoach tdng thi vl khai thdc tilm nang cia Ioai nang Iupng nay Cho ndn, khi bat ddu xdy dyng
dy dn, cdc nha ddu tu thudng phai tiln hanh tdt
ca cdc cdng doan dilu tta, khao sat va ddnh gid mdt cdch so bd vl tilm nang cflng nhu kha ndng khai thdc d khu vuc dy kiln dat dy dn Tinh hinh dd mdt mat tao ra chi phi khdng nhd ddi vd nha ddu tu, mat khdc vide ddnh gid so
bd theo kit qua khao sdt ttong thd gian qud ngdn ddn din cd nhieu kha nang rui ro cao ttong hidu qua khai thdc sft dung
- Veede dieu kien tu nhiin
Vidt Nam cd nhilu nd tilm ndng gid rdt dang ki nhung dilu kidn tir nhidn d dd khdng thudn Ipi cho vide xdy dyng cac dy an khai thdc, nhd't Id cdc dy dn quy md cdng nghiep Chdng
ban, b cdc dao xa bd thdm chl ca nhiing dao gdn
bd, cdc ving nui cao Tdt nhidn, cdc khd khdn
vl mdt ty nhidn d nhiing khu vuc nay lai thudng
Nghiin aiu Phit triin bin vOng, si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012
Trang 6NguySn Thi Thu Ha - Cd hdi va thach thUc ddi vdi phdt triin didn gid
gdn Uln vd cdc khd khan vl mat kinh t l - xa
hdi Ngoai ra, Viet Nam la nudc cd dudng bd
bien kha dai, hang nam cd nhilu con bao dd
bd hoac anh hudng tryc tilp vao lanh thd Ydu
cdu ky thuat cao ddi v d cdc thid't bj didn gid
hoat ddng trong khu vyc cd bao ddn dd'n sudt
ddu tu cao hon rdt nhilu ddi v d cdc thilt bi sft
dung d cdc khu vyc khac
Thdm vao dd, gid ludn cd sy biln ddng do
thd tilt, chu ky cfta ngay va ddm Nang sudt
didn ttt cdc nha mdy didn phu thudc vao cac
biln ddi nay Cdng sudt dy trtt phu thudc vao
dd chlnh xdc cia du bdo gid, kha nang dilu
chinh cia mang lud va nhu cdu ding didn
San Iupng phong didn vtta khdng dn djnh,
nhilu khi Iai khdng dap ttng dupc ydu cdu va
lupng didn tich trtt dupc lai khdng nhilu Vide
cac thilt bj phong didn khdng dam bao cdng
sud't dn djnh se khien cho nha cung cd'p didn
gdp khd khan tiong vide dap ttng nhu cdu didn
cua khdch hang Nhu vay, cdc thid't bj phong
didn dlu cdn dupc ylm trp b d cdc phuong
tidn san xudt didn phu trp khac nhdm cung
cdp didn vao thd dilm khdng cd gid hoac gid
ylu VI dy nhu cdc thid't bj thiy didn, dia
nhidt, cdc tuabin khi hoac cdc tram didn hat
nhdn
Vdn dl trd lai la khi cdc ngudn didn hd trp
cho phong didn cd ngudn gdc ttt ndng Iupng
hda thach, tinh chdt "sach" cua phong didn Iai
mdt di Td't nhidn, dilu nay cdn phu thudc vao
cdc ngudn ndng lupng san cd cia mdi nudc
Thi du nhu Dan Maeh, n d cdc thid't bi phong
didn ehilm khoang 15% tdng san lupng didn
thi nudc ndy sft dung ngudn didn hd trp ttt cac
ngudn thfty didn cfta Na Uy Trong khi dd,
Dttc chi cd lupng didn san xudt ttt gid chiem
cd 6% thi Iai dya vao ndng lupng hda thach va
nhdp khdu didn ttp giup khi phong didn cd
vd'n dl*
- Ve dieu kiin kinh ti- xd hdi
Trudc hit, vi khai thdc sft dung cac ngudn
ndng lupng tdi tao ndi chung va ndng lupng
gid ndi ridng m d chi la budc ddu ndn nhdn
thttc cua dai da sd ngud ddn cdn chua duoc
rd rdng vl dang ndng lupng nay, nhilu ngud
cdn nghi ngai vl tinh hidu qua cua vide khai
thdc nang Iupng gid Tid'p ntta la sud't ddu tu
ban ddu cho mdt dy an didn gid khdng nhd (ching ban, chi phi cho mdt cdt turbin gid d Tuy Phong - Binh Thuan kiioang 1,5 tridu dd la)
6 Vidt Nam, mdt thyc t l dd'i v d "me hang" ddu tidn cia Cdng ty Cd phdn Nang lupng Tai tao (REVN) da dupc dua ldn lud didn nhung gid thi vdn chua thda thudn dupc Nha may Phong didn 1 d Binh Thudn cua REVN cd cdng sudt thilt k l 120 MW gdm 4 giai doan, tdng vdn ddu tu khoang 77 tridu USD, da dua ldn lud didn 11 tridu kWh ttong ntta ddu nam 2010 Vi thi, thdng 4/2010, Bd Cdng Thuong da dl nghi Hidp hdi Ndng lupng va Vidn Nang Iupng thanh iap 2 td cdng tdc thdm dinh gid ban cfta REVN di cd hudng giai quylt phi hpp Nhung cho din nay 2 td cdng tdc nay vdn chua dua ra quylt djnh ndo Didn cia REVN vdn ndm trdn lud EVN (Tdp doan didn lyc Vidt Nam), trong khi EVN tiii khdng bilt thanh todn sao day cho ddi tac'
Hon ntta vide quan ly cia cdc co quan nha nudc vl nang Iupng tdi tao khdng cd sy phdn cdng rd rang vl trach nhidm Mac d i Bd Cdng thuong dupc phdn cdng la co quan dilu phdi nang lupng tdi tao qude gia, Bd chi tdp tiung vao cdc he thdng nang lupng tdi tao dupc ddu
nd vao lud didn va cia cdng ddng ngoai lud didn C^ac he thdng nang Iupng tdi tao qui md hd gia dinh va vide sft dyng ndng Iupng tdi tao lam chdt dd't di dun ndu dang dupc thic ddy bd nhflng CO quan khdc nhu Bd Ndng nghidp va Phat triin Ndng thdn, Bd Tai nguydn vd Mdi trudng, Bd Khoa hpc va Cdng nghd, cdc td chttc chinh hi (VVU, CYL, UOF), va cdc hidp hdi chuydn nganh (VACVINA) Tuy nhidn, khdng cd sy phdn chia Suat ddu tu didn gid thi gid cung
nhu b Vidt Nam cdn khd cao, mttc dao ddng
ldn Mttc cao nhdt la 2,77 tiidu USD/MW; tlidp nhdt la 1,77 tiidu USD/MW va trung binh la 2,2 tiidu USD/MW* (Trong khi gid didn tai Vidt Nam
6 Trung tam thOng tin Khoa hoc va COng nghe Qude gia (2007) Xu thi ddu nr toSn cdu vao cac ngudn nang luong bin viing tren thi gidi
7 http://www.t)aomoi.com
8 http://pcvinhphuc.npc.com.vn
Nghiin cdu Phit triin bin vdng, si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012
Trang 7NguySn Thi Thu Ha - Ca hdi va thach thdc doi vdi phat triin dien gid
cdn thdp, ndn vide khuyin khfch phdt triln
didn gid se cdn nhilu klid khan do thd gian
thu hdi vdn cham
- Ky thugt-edng nghe-ngudn nhdn life
Sft dung nang lupng gid cdn phai ddu tu
cdng nghd, ttang thilt bj mang tinh cdng nghd
cao, hidn dai Tuy nhidn, cac nghidn cttti vl
cdng nghd nay chi yd'u dupc thyc hidn d cdc
nudc phat triin, ddi vd cdc nude cd nln cdng
nghd cdn thdp, lac hdu nhu d nudc ta thi day la
mdt bdt Ipi Cac cdng ty Vidt Nam vdn chua
thi thilt k l va chl tao cdc hd thdng nang Iupng
tdi tao quy md Idn Nhung hd thdng nay vdn
phai nhap khdu tft cac nttdc khdc ndn lam tang
chi phi ddu tu cia cdc dy dn Toan bd cac
tua-bin cia REVN d Tuy Phong, Binh Thuan hidn
nay dlu Id thilt bj nhap t i Dttc va rdt ddt tiln
Ngodi vdn dl cdng nghd thi cdc vaii dl khdc
nhu: Thilu dtt Udu tin cdy vl cac ngudn nang
lupng gid; thilu nhdn lyc cho ITnh vyc didn gid
cflng la rdo can cho vide dua ngudn ndng Iupng
ndy vao phuc vu d d sd'ng
3 Ket ludn
Cdc nghidn cttu vl nang Iupng gid cflng nhu
nhiing thao luan hidn nay da tao ndn mdt
khdng khi sdi ndi tai cdc hdi nghj khoa hpc va
ttong du luan xa lidi Nang Iupng gid ngdy
cdng dupc quan tdm hon, nhdm ddp ttng nhu
cdu phdt tiiin bin vfltig vl mat nang Iupng,
ddng thd bao dam an ninh va sy ty chi vl
ndng Iupng cho cdc qude gia Hon ntta, didn
gid cdn tao ndn dttpc mdt tiii ttudng m d vd
cdc san phdm cd gid ttj gia tdng cao va giup
tao thdm nhilu vide lam m d cho xa hdi
Chung ta chdc chdn se thd'y dupc ddng gdp tich
cue cia nganh cdng nghidp didn gid mdt each
todn didn vdo d d sd'ng kinh t l xa hdi ttong
mdt tuong Iai khdng xa
Ttt vide nghidn cttu nhflng co hdi, thdch
thttc trong vide phdt triln ndng Iupng gid d
Vidt Nam tdc gia cd nhttng dl xud't nhu sau:
1 Tilp tuc ddu tu cho khoa hpc nghidn cttu
thilt ldp ban dd ndng Iupng gid mdt each cu
till, chi tilt tao dilu kidn thudn Ipi cho vide
phdt tiiin ngudn ndng luong nay Nghidn cuu
cdch thttc, thilt bj phyc vu xdy dyng ttam didn
gid phu hpp v d dilu kidn ty nhidn - kinh t l xa
hdi d Vidt Nam, tdn dyng nguydn Udu sdn cd
t^hiin citu Phit triin bin vOng si 3 (36) - Thing 9/2012
ttong nudc; bd tri dat cac nha may san xudt thilt bj, phy ting cho tram didn gid tai nhutig ving cd tiem nang gid cao nham giam chi phi van chuyin cho dy an didn gid Thanh ldp thdm cac co quan, cdc trung tam nghidn cttu nang lupng tdi tao ddc lap nhdm hd ttp cac td chttc, cac chi ddu m hudng t d xay dung, phat triln didn gid
2 Dua khoa hpc nghien cttu nang lupng tai tao trd thanh mdt khoa, mdt nganh hpc vao trong cac trudng Dai hpc, Cao dang, Trung hpc chuydn nghidp ttong ca nudc b d ttong tuong lai khdng xa, nang Iupng tai tao se ttd thanh ngudn nang Iupng chu dao ttong qua ttinh phat tiiln bin viing cia ddt nude Mdt mat dao tao nhan lyc cho ngdnh nang Iupng tai tao mdt mat nghidn cttu ttng dung phdt tiiln cdng nghd ndy
Dua chuong trinh hpc ndng Iupng tdi tao vao trong cac cdp hpc phd thdng dl phd cdp ttong toan ddn nhung hiiu biet co ban vl Ioai hinh nang lupng nay
3 Rut gpn cac thi tuc hanh chlnh, nghidn cttu thi nghidm co chl "mdt cia", "tai chd" tao dilu kidn cho cac nha ddu tu ttong ngdnh ndng Iupng tdi tao
4 Phan chia trach nhidm rd rang cho cdc ban, ngdnh, dja phuong cd lidn quan, nghidn cttu Udn kit ving ttong phdt triln didn gid ndi ridng va cdc ngudn ndng Iupng tdi tao ndi chung /
TAI LigU THAM KHAO
1 Du an Nang lupng gid GIZ/MOIT (2011),
Hudng ddn quy hogch phdt trien dien gio d Viet Nam
2 Nguyin Anh TuSh (2012), Ca che vd chinh sdeh hd tra cho phdt trien dien gid tgi Viet Nam, Vien
NSng lypng
3 Pham Trpng Thuc (2012), Ho sa ddu tu xdy dung Du dn dien gio tgi Viet Nam: cdc vdn de quan tdm vd nhiing khuyen cao, Tdng Cue Nang lupng, BO
COng Thuong
4 Phan Thanh Tilng & nnk (2012), Tinli hinh phdt trien dien giS vd klid ndng cung dng tdi chinh clio cdc dtx dn d Viet Nam, Dy an nang lupng gid GE
5 Ta Van Da (2010), Tdi nguyen ndng luong gio tren ldnh tlid Viet Nam, Tuyln tap bSo edo HOi thao
khoa hoc ldn thtt 10 - Vien Khoa hoc Khi tuong thuy van va MOi ttudng