Hd Xuan Linh vd Dtg Tgp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 107(07) 155 161 NGHlfiU CtJtJ TINH HINH SU'''' DUNG VA ANH HU''''dNG CUA HOA CHAT BAO VE THI/C VAT D^N M 6 I TRlTOfNG VA SlTC KHOE CON NGU''''DI TREN DJA BAN HU[.]
Trang 1NGHlfiU CtJtJ TINH HINH SU' DUNG VA ANH HU'dNG CUA HOA CHAT
BAO VE THI/C VAT D^N M 6 I TRlTOfNG VA SlTC KHOE CON NGU'DI
TREN DJA BAN HUYEN TAN YEN - TINH BAC GIANG
Uk Xudn Linh'', Diem Thj Blnh^ Hodng Thdnh Lam^ 'Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen,' Tnrdng Dgi hpc Ndng Ldm - DH Thai Nguyen
^Tnrdng Cao ddng Tuyen Quang
TOM TAT
Huyfn Tdn Ydn tinh BSc Giang 1^ huyfn chu yeu sdn xuat ndng nghifp, vifc Igm dgng v^ thdi
quen trong sd dyng hda chdt bdo vf thyc v^t (BVTV) ciia ngudi ddn da gay tic ddng xlu din mdi
Uudng vd sue khde ciia ngudi ddn Nghifn cim ndy dugc tiln hdnh nham xdc djnh hifn trgng sir
dyng va dnh hudng ciia hda chdt BVTV tdi sure khde con ngudi vd mdi trudng ldm co sd cho cic
van cdn 34,62% ca sd kinh doanh, budn bdn hda chat BVTVcua tu nhan khdng cd giay ph^p hdnh
nghi Vifc sir dgng thudc BVTV cd ngudn goc sinh hpc da bat dau dugc quan tam, hifn cd
27,91% ting si cdc logi thulc BVTV dugc su dyng trdn todn huyfn la thudc BVTV cd ngudn
ngoc sinh hgc Da s6 ngudi ddn deu cd kiln thitc vl vifc sir dyng, tieu huy va tdc hgi ciia thudc
BVTV tdi sdc khda vd mdi trudng Tuy nhien, ty if ngudi hilu bilt ddy dii vin cdn thap Dieu ndy
cho thiy vifc su dyng thuoc BVTV cdn cd dnh hudng xlu tdi sdc khde ciia ngudi ndng dan vd tdc
dgng xdu din mdi trudng
Tir khda: thudc bdo v4 thuc vgt dnh hudng ciia thudc bdo ve thuc vgt, huyin Tdn Yen
MO DAU
Nude ta la mgt nude ndng nghifp, dgng ndng
nghifp chilm khoang 70% Do dd, trong qua
trinh san xudt khdng tranh khdi viec sir dyng
cdc logi hda chat (BVTV), Hien nay, viec sir
dung vd bdo quan hda chdt BVTV mgt each
tiiy tien, thilu hilu bilt cua ngudi dan da trd
thdnh thdi quen vd gay tdc dgng sau den mdi
trudng Nhieu ndm qua, vdn de 6 nhiem mdi
trudng trong sdn xudt ndng nghiep d nude ta
da dugc cac nhd khoa hgc, nha BVTV quan
tam Tuy nhien, thyc trgng ndy ngay cang tram
trpng va da trd thdnh "van nan" vi ludn thieu
cac hifn phap vd chl tai cy the
Vi vgy, vifc tim hilu mure dp sir dyng hda
chdt BVTV d Vift Nam ndi chung vd cua
huyfn Tan Yen ndi rieng, anh hudng cua hda
chdt BVTV din mdi truang sdng nhdm bd
sung nhirng kiln thirc da hpc vd nang cao
nhgn thuc trong viec BVMT sdng cho cpng
ddng la rat cdn thilt ddi vdi nhirng sinh vien
nganh mdi trudng
'Tel-0914 584 886
DOI TLTONG V A PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU
Doi tugng Cac loai hda chdt BVTV dugc su dung tren dia ban huyen Tan Yen-tinh Bdc Giang
Phu-OTlg phap nghien cuu
- Phuang phdp kl thua: Kd thua cac kit qua nghien cuu da dugc cdng nhan lien quan den
de tai
- Phuang phdp thu thdp tai lifu, sd lieu thu cap: Thu thdp tdi lieu cd hen quan qua Phdng Tdl nguyen vd Mdi tmdng huyfn Tdn Yen -tinh Bdc Giang, sach, bao, tivi, internet, cac nghien cuu khoa hgc ket hgp khdo sat thuc dia
- Phuong phdp dieu tra xa hgi hpc: Phdng vdn true tilp 150 ngudi dan, dugc chia ldm 03 ddi tugng: Ngudi dan thudng xuyen su dyng hda chdt BVTV; Chu cua hang budn ban hda chat BVTV; Cdn bd Tram BVTV huyen Tdn Yen -tinh Bdc Giang Tdng hgp vd xir ly sd lieu tren phdn mem Microsof: Word vd Excel
Trang 2KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN
Tinh tinh hinh sir dung hda chat BVTV tren dja ban huy^n TSn Yen
Bdng \ Tinh hinh qudn ty kinh doanh, budn bdn hda chdt BVTV tren dja bdn
N0i dung TSng s6 CO- s<y kinh doanh, bu6n bdn hda chSt BVTV
7 S6 or sii liinh doanh, buiin hiin iitia chiit BVTV tliu^c niia nirdc
2 S6 CO sd liinh doanh, budn bdn hiia chiit B VTVciia lir nhdn
• So CO sd kinh doanh, bu6n bin h6a chSt BVTVcua tu nhan duQC ckp giay ph^p
hdnh ngh^
- So CO sd kinh doanh, buon bin hda chat BVTVctia tu nhSn khdng c6 giay ph^p
hinh ngh^
S6 lu^ng
S3
1
52
34
T j i e
(%)
IOO 1,89 98,11 65.38 34,62
(Ngudn: Tdng hg^p phieu diiu tra, de tdi thuc hien, 2013)
Huyfn Tan Yen cd tong so 53 co sd budn bdn hda chat BVTV tren dja bdn nen co ban da dap ung dugc nhu cau su dyng cua ngudi dan, hau het cdc ca sd nay da dupe cap giay phep Tuy nhien, van cd 18/53 so co sd tu nhdn chua cd giay phep hanh nghe Day hau hit la cac cua hdnh nhd le, ty phat theo nhu cau Do dd vifc kiem soat lugng, logi, ngudn gdc cac hda chat BVTV ma nhifng co sd nay buon ban gdp rdt nhilu khd khdn
Bang 2 Cdc loai hda chdt BVTV dugc su dung nhieu ndm 2012 -2013
Chl tieu
l.^h(im hda chai BVTV
- Thuoc trir sau
- Thuoc trir benh
- Thuoc diet cd
- I^hudc kich thich sinh trudng
- Thudc trtr dc buou vang
- Thudc diet chuot
2 Phan theo nguon gdc hda chat
- Hda hoc
- Sinh hoc
3 Thudc cd trong danh muc du^c phep su dung
-Cd
- Khong cd
So lir^rng (Loai)
18
13
5
3
2
2 "
12
43
0
T y l f
(%)
41,86 30,23 11,63 6,98 3,1 3,1 72,09 27,91
100
0
(Ngudn • Tdng hctp phiiu didu tra, de tdi thuc hien 2013) Tit s6 !i?u dieu tra a bang 2, 100% hoa chit BVTV dtrgrc six diing tai huyen nJm trong danh muc hoa chat nong nghiep dugc phep sir dung Logi hoa chat BVTV itia nguai dan sir dung duQfC chia
thanh 6 nhom, trong do thuoc trir sau chi6m ty 1? Ion nhat (41.86%), tiep den la thuoc trir benh
(30.23%) Ty 1? logi hoa chat BVTV dugc sit dung co nguon g6c hoa hpc vin cao chi6m
(72.09%), cac loai hoa chat CO ngu6n goc sinh hgc chi bang gan 1/3 loai hoa chat co ngudn gdc hoa hgc
Qua khao sat va tinh toan, chi trong nSm 2012, nhu cju ve hoa chdt BVTV cho Huy$n vao khoang 13.230,81 - 17.059,73 kg Trong do, nhu ciu sti dyng thudc BVTV cho cay Ilia la cao nhat tir 0,78 den 1,18 kg/ha
Trang 3Bing 3 Tinh hinh gieo Irong vd sti dung hda chdt BVTV vu xudn ndm 20i2
Difn tfch Sd l^n su' Khoi lu-o'ng hda , x , ~ 7^
STT CSytrSng gieo trjng dung chitBVTV/ha ^ J ° J ' T ? ' • ' * ° , ?
(ha) (Ik/vu) (ke) BVTV su-dung (kg)
/ Cdy /lia 6.250,0 3-4 0,78-1,01 4.875,0-6.312,5
11 Cdy mdu 2.262,0
1 Cay lac 976,4 2 - 3 0.15-0.22 146,5-241,8
2 Cay ngd 5 9 3 ^ _ _ 1 - 2 _ 0.25jJ).38 148,2-225,3
3 Dua hau + biu bi cic lo^i 431,6 2 - 3 0.16-0.21 69,1-90,6
4 «_y^ 25.0 _2J:^ 0 24-030 5,9-7,5
5 Duachu<«nh9t-t-duabaotu 188,0 6-7 0.35-0.54 65,8-101,5
6 Cichuabi 48,0 6-8 0.3-0.5 14,4-42,0
; / ; Cty ran
Tdng
cdc iopi 632,0
9.144,0
5.539,8 - 7.337,3
(Ngudn Ket qud dieu tra vi4c sir dung hda chdt BVTV cua nguai ddn dta phuong)
B i n g 4 Tinh hinh gieo trdng vd sir dung hda chdt BVTV vu miia 2012
STT
/
;/
1
2
3
;/;
Tdng
Difn tfch
Ciy Ida 7.356,0
Cdy mdu 1.845,6
C i y ngd 364,0
C a y d t 17,0
Ciy lac 1.464,6
Cay rau 950,0
10.151,6
Sd l^n sir dyng (lan/vy)
4-5
2 - 3
4 - 5
2 - 4
4-5
Kh6i lu-^ng hda chdt Khoi luvng thu6c BVTV/ha BVTV sir diing(kg) (kg)
0.95-LIS 6.988,2-8.680,1
0,27-0,42 98,3-152,9 0,24-0,35 4 , 1 - 5 , 9 0,17-0,24 249,0-351,5
0,37-0,56 351,5-532,0
7.691,0 - 9.722,4
(Nguon: Kit qud dieu tra viec sir dung hda chdt BVTV cua ngudi ddn dia phirang)
Thuc trang hieu biet va each su dyng cua ngudi dan ve hoa chat BVTV
* Thuc trgng hieu biet cua ngirdi ddn ve hda chdt BVTV (bdng 5)
Nhin chung, ty If ngudi ndng dan hilu biet day du khi di phun hda chat BVTV ciia Tan Yen vdn
d ty le thdp chi tir 21% din 29,6% so ngudi dugc hdi la cd hilu bilt day dii ve cac kien thuc can thilt khi phun thuoc BVTV Da phan ngudi dan diu su dung cdc loai bao hp lao ddng khi tham gia phun thuoc BVTV Nhung ty If ngudi su dung ddy dii bdo hg lao dgng khi phun thuoc vdn cdn thdp chi chilm 6,5% trong tdng sd ngudi ddn dugc hdi Chinh viec nay da khiln ngudi dan
vd tinh Id ngn nhan do chinh nguon d nhiem ma minh gay ra
* Cdch xu: ly bao bi hda chdt B VTV sau khi sir dung (bdng 6)
Khi dupe hdi, 3,3% ngudi dan nghi rdng chdn, dot hda chat BVTV la dam bao yeu cdu, 5,3% ngudi dan bd bao bi hda chdt BVTV vdo noi dd rac tren dudng, ddc bift cd tdi 52,7% nguoi duoc phdng vdn vdn vdt cdc loai bao bi ngay tren bo rupng, tren dudng di, dudi rupng Chi cd 32% ngudi dan dugc hdi da thai bd bao bi hda chat sau su dung dung quy dinh Dieu ndy ddi hdi cdc cdp chinh quyin dja phuang cdn tilp tuc tuyen truyln nhilu hon n&a dl ngudi dan ndng cao y thuc ty giac trong vifc bao vf mdi truang khi su dung thudc BVTV
Trang 4Bing 5 Hieu biet ciia ngirdi ddn khi su diing thuoc BVTV
NOi dung phdng vkn S6 philu Tj if Itra chgn (%)
Khdng C6 Kiln Ihiie chgn thd-i lldt vi hyd-ng gl6 khi phun hda chil BVTV
1 Chgn trdi mit
2 Qi gi$t Idi
3 Xudi chieu gid
4 Bi^l diy du
150
150
150
150
4 4 ^ 29,6
I I Kiln thuc vl dilu kifn dim bio site khde khi phun thu6c
/ Khdng phun khi cd h^nh, mang thai vd cho con bu 150 86,5
2 Ngudi gid, tre em khdng dupe di phun 150 81,0
3 Khdm sue khde dinh ky 150 36 i
4 Killing pinin thoi gian qud 2 gid/ngdy, 2 tudn/dol 150 25,5
5 Bii'lddytlu 150 21,0
19M_ 63,9
111 Kien thi)c ve sii-dung bio h$ lao d$ng khi phun thu6c
1 Khau trang
2 Ging tay
3 Quin do bio hg lao d
4 Mu, ndn
5 Kinh mit
6 Sir dyng day du bio ho lao dpng
ISO
150
150
150
150
92.2 54,0 68.3 31,2
11.9
7,8
46.0
31,7
18.8
88,1
(Ngudn: Tdng hgp phieu dieu tra de tdi th\rc hiin, 2013) Bang 6 Cdch xu ly bao bi hda chdt BVTV sau khi 5tf dung
Hlnh Ihirc \it\-y So ngudi dp dung Ty le (%)
~' 3,3
32 5,3
1 Ty chon, dot trong vudn
2 B6 v^o be thu gom dat ngoai ding
3 Bo vao noi dd rac tren duong ve
4 Vut ra song, ao, ho, kenh, muong
5 B6 tgi noi su dung
6,7 52,7 Tong
(Ngudn: Tdng hop phiiu diiu tra di tdi thuc hiin, 2013) Bang 7 Muc dg tham gia cdc budi tgp hudn sir dyng hda chdt BVTV, BVMT
ph6ng v^n ^6 KhSng Thao ludn, trao doi kinh nghifm sii dyng h6a chat BVTV
Cdn bg khuyin nong hudng din n n su dyng h6a chat BVTV
Quan tam tdi viec BVMT
(Ngudn: Tdng hgp phieu diiu tra di tdi thuc hiin 2013)
Trang 5Sd lifu bang 7 cho thay Trong tdng so ngudi
ddn dupe hdi so ngudi quan tam mong mudn
va quan tam tdi viec su dyng hda chat BVTV
diing each chiem 86-91% va vdn dl bao vf
moi trirdng chilm 77-79% Dilu nay cho thay
sy quan tam cua ngudi dan tdi van he sd dyng
dung thuoc BVTV va bao vf moi trudng tgi
huyfn Tdn Yen la Idn Do vgy, cdc buoi tuyen
truyen, hgi nghj, cac buoi hudng ddn su dyng
hda chat BVTV nen bo sung them npi dung
BVMT di nang cao kiln thuc BVMT cho
ngudi dan, giup ngudi dan hilu rd vai trd ciia
moi trudng doi vdi cugc song cua hp cung
nhu the he tuong Iai Hudng tdi mpt nin ndng
nghifp ben virng
Anh hudng cua hda chat BVTV tdi sire
khoe con nguoi, mdi tnrdng
Bdng 8 Ty 14 mgt sd benh thirdng gdp tai hi^en
Tdn Yen - Bdc Giang
STT
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
M$t si bfnh
Mui hgng
Mat
Co, xuong, khdp
Tam thin kinh
Da lieu
Tieu hda
H d h i p
Tiet nieu
Tim m^ch
s d phieu
phdng
v^n
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
T y l f
(%)
Cd Khdng
86,9 84,8 63,7 51,1 40,1
16,2
11,1
9,1
13,1
36,3 48,9 59,9 76,3 83,8 88,9 90,9
(Ngudn- Tdng hgp phiiu diiu tra, de tdi thuc
hiin 2013}
Tren thyc te dieu tra cho thay nhieu ngudi
dan pha hda chdt BVTV dac hon chi din, pha
nhifu logi hda chat trong cung mpt binh phun
Ngoai ra, dl phun cho nhanh, hp cdn phun
ngupc chieu gid, di tien khi phun hda chdt
BVTV, Ngudi dan vdn cdn tam ly chu quan
khi tilp xiic vdi hod chat, thdi bd bao bi hod
chdt sau khi su dung chua diing quy djnh nen
mot so benh cd ty le cao da dugc phdt hifn
nhu: mui hgng (86,9%), bfnh vl mdt (84,8%),
CO xuang khdp (63,7%), tam than kinh
(51,1%) Ddy la cac bfnh thudng gap nhdt
ciia nhung ngudi thudng xuyen phai tilp xuc
vdi hda chat BVTV
Bdng 9 Hiin trgng d nhiem mdi trudng khu vifc
nghien ciru
S6 Ty le (%)~ philu
Mdi trudng bj 6 nhilm thuoc „ „ , BVTV phdng Cd Kh6ng
v^n Moitrudngddt 150 49 51 Moi trudng nude 150 53 47 M6i trudng
khi
(Ngudn: Tdng hgp phieu diiu tra, di tdi thuc hiin 2013)
Theo nhu ngudi dan dugc phdng van mo ta lai thi dd Id nhu'ng dau hieu ciia d nhiem hda chdt BVTV, cac dau hifu nhu: ddt, nude, khdng khi cd mui cua hda chdt BVTV blc len vao nhiJng ngdy ndng ndng, oi bdc Lugng hod chdt thyc sy xam nhgp va cd tdc dgng tryc tiep den sdu benh cdn thdp Phdn lon lupng hod chdt tac dgng den cac ddi tugng khdng dy dinh phdng tru Do dd, so loai thien dich ciia sau benh hai ngay nay dang bi suy gidm
De xuat mot so giai phap nham nang cao
cong tac quan Iy va six dung hda chat BVTV
Tan Yen la mdt huyen dang trong qua trinh phdt trien ve kinh te, trong dd cd phdt trien manh ve ndng nghifp, viec sd dyng hda chat BVTV trong sdn xuat ndng nghiep ngay cdng nhieu Iam anh hudng khdng nhd tdi mdi trudng song cua con ngudi cung nhu cac sinh vat khac Vi vdy can ndng cao cdng tae qudn
ly vd su dung hda chat BVTV De lam tdt dugc cdng tac ndy nhdm tac gid de xudt Md hinh Cgng ddng su dung an toan thudc BVTV (Hinh 1)
KET LUAN Tinh hinh quan ly cdc co sd kinh doanh thupc BVTV tren dia ban huyen Tan Yen Bac Giang da dupe cdc cdp chinh quyen quan tam, tuy nhien van cdn mpt sd lupng co sd kinh doanh, budn ban hda chdt BVTVcua tu nhdn khdng dugc cdp giay phep hdnh nghe chiem 34,62% tdng sd cac co so kinh doanh chua cd giay phep Vifc su dung thudc bao ve thyc vdt cd ngudn gdc sinh hoc da dupe ngudi dan
Trang 6dp dung trong sdn xuat nong nghifp nhifng ty
If ndy van cdn khiem ton (chilm 27,91%)
Vifc tuyen truyln cdc tdc hgi ciia vifc su
dyng thuoc BVTV cho ngudi dan dd dupe
chinh quyen huyfn quan tdm tuyen truyen,
tuy nhien, so lupng ngudi hilu bilt day dCi ve
phuang thuc su dyng, bdo hg lao dpng vd thu
gom tieu huy bao bt sau su dyng vgn cdn thap
chi ti> 6,3% den 53 % dan den vifc anh hudng
tdi sue khde cua ngudi ndng dan va d nhiem mdi trudng
Tu day, nhdm nghien cuu de nghj cac ca quan chdc ndng tilp tyc cd them cac nghien cuu sau, rpng vl van de ndy han de dua ra them cdc kit lugn sdc ben vd cd cdc bifn phdp qudn
ly phii hi;^
Mo hjiil] ccmsdone EwdiEOfaxi laanhdacluTBVTV' I
Ba [cj,> la chuc quui ];
- Y ie
- T m y ^ Tliaiiti
-Tniam"hcic
- H t i j j lu>'4nv« Kt3a -ptuc 3a
cuu niu i m doc
- X a y dimg Tii ilmac c ^ •niu
- Gissi due sifz i^^
k ainh ni3i TTTKms
- Tim hieu v e triKmsTHCS -Iltaxigqiuic
- PHaTihajiii^
tap dan a a o
o c i i i c n r « n 4zilaacdaxa
li d u n g KCB''.'T\'
Tap liuan p h u t n ^ pha.p duos Tbuoc Theo 4
duaa DuiLf luc
- S u n j T l i u o c
- E i u s i lieu l u o a s
- B u n s each
• Q u i a lv huDrii= daajdma iMioc
-Quizi ly cia-i, vo lo Thuac ssusu
• Kh'oiiE Ga duus Thuoc c i i c
-D-nagphuqngphap sinh toe
Quan ]v CUJ15 cap thuoc
Hinh I Md hinh cgng ddng su dgng an todn hda chdt BVTV
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
1 Le Huy Bd, (2008), Dpc chdt mdi trudng, Nxb khoa hpc vd ky diugl, H^ N^i
2 Bp Nong nghiep v^ Phdt triln ndng thdn, (2011), Thong tu 36/201 l/TT - BNNPTNT, " Vi viic ban hdnh danh muc thudc B VTV du<;rc phep su dyng hgn chi sir dung, cdm sir dung d Viet Nam "
3 Bo Nong nghifp PTNT (2009), "Danh myc thudc bdo vi thyc vdt dugc phip sudyng, hgn chi sir dung, cdm su dyng d Viet Nam"Jh6ng tu so 09/2009/TTBNN ngdy 03/3/2009 cua BNN & PTNT
4 Tran Van Hai (2008), Nhirng hieu biet ca bdn vi thudc bdo vi thuc vgt, Bg mon Bdo vf thuc v3t, khoa
Nong nghifp sinh hpc dng dung, Trudng Dgi hpc Cdn Tha
5 Do Ham, Nguyin Tuan Khanh, Nguyin Ngyc Anh (2007), Hod chdt dirng trong ndng nghiep vd sik khoi cgng ddng, Nxb Lao dgng & Xa hf i, Hd Nf i
6 Nguyen Thi Hong Hgnh, (2006), Bdi gidng hda BVTV, Trudng Dai Hpc Nong Ldm Thdi Nguyen
Trang 7S U M M A R Y
U S E A N D I M P A C T S O F P E S T I C I D E S O N T H E E N V I R O N M E N T
A N D P E O P L E ' S H E A L T H IN T A N Y E N D I S T R I C T , B A C G I A N G P R O V I N C E
Ha Xuan Linh'', Diem Thi Bi^h^ Hoang Thanh Lam^
Thai Nguyen University College of Agricullure and Forestry - TNU
'Tuyen Quang C
Tan Yen disUict of Bac Giang province is an agricultural district The habits of people in the abused use of pesticides have been impacting on the environment and people's health This study was conducted to determine the current use and impact of pesticides to human health and the environment
as a basis for future researches to further study the effects of pesticides The study conducted in Tan Yen showed that there were still 34.62Vo of private shop of pesticides had not license The use of
used on the district is biological pesticides Most people have knowledge of safety use and harmful effects of pesticides on environment and health However, the rate of people who have full understanding how to use pesticides safety is still low This leads to significant effect of pesticides on the health of fanners and their negative impact on the environment
Key words: Impact of pesticides, pesticides in use Tan Yen district
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 23/7/2013; Ngdy phdn bien-05/8/2013; Ngdy duyit ddng- 10/9/2013
Phdn biin khoa hoc: PGS TS Nguyin Thi Hung - Trudng Dgi hgc Ndng Ldm - DH Thdi Nguyen
Tel 0914.584 886