Tối ưu hóa quá trình xử lý SO2 trong khí thải phát sinh từ lò đốt chất thải rắn nguy hại bằng phương pháp quy hoạch thực nghiệm

TAP (Hi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE CAC TRUING D̂ l HQC KV THUAT • S6 92 2013 TOI VV HOA QUA TRINH XU LY SO2 TRONG KHI THAI PHAT SINH TU LO DOT CHAT THAI RAN NGUY HAi BANG PHU^OfNG PHAP QUY HOACH THirC NGHIE[.]

TOI VV HOA QUA TRINH XU LY SO2 TRONG KHI THAI

PHAT SINH TU LO DOT CHAT THAI RAN NGUY HAi BANG PHU^OfNG PHAP

QUY HOACH THirC NGHIEM

OPIIMI/INOTHETRI A I MENT PROCESS FOR SO3 IN THE WASTE GAS FROM INCINERATORS BY EXPERIMENTAL PLANNING METHOD

Pham Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen Bin

Trif&ng Dai hoc Kinh It' - Ky thudt Cdng nghiep Trmmg Dgt hpc Bdch khoa Hd Ndi

Den 1 da soan 13-10-2012, chap nhan dang 27-12-2012

TOM TAT

Xu' ly khi that phit smh tir Id dSt chit thii rin nguy h^i hien nay li vin de can thiit di dip ung ttiu chuin vi khi thit ra mdi trudng trong dd S02 li khi thit cd ndng dp eao nhit trong khi thai phat smh tu' 16 dot Trong pham vi bit bio nay, di/a vio ket qui thi/c nghi$m vi bing phuung phip quy hoach thpc nghiem da dua ra him toin thdng ke md ta mSi quan h$ gli/a hi$u suit xir ly vi cie thong s6 inh hudng tu' do xac dmh du'cc thong so tot wu eua qui tnnh

Til' khoa khi thai, SO2, cyclon

ABSTRACT

The treatment process for exhaust emission from noxious solid waste incinerators is a matter of necessity to meet the environmental emissions standards S02 makes up the highest composition in the exhaust emission from incinerators Within the scope, based on the expenmental results and expenmental planning method,a statistical model was calculated, that desenbing the relation between treatment efficiency and process parameters From the model, a optimal process parameters will be proposed

I.MODAU

Thieu ddt la phuong phap xir I\' rac thai

ngu\ hai dugc ap dung rdng rai nhat hien na}'

Tai cac nudc lien lien Id ddt rac thai ngu)' hai

ludn dl ddng bd vdi he thdng xu ly khi thai Ddt

chat thai la qua Irinh dx\' hoa chat thai bang d\)'

ciia khdng khi d nhiet do cao, pha huy cac hgp

chat, phirc chat nguj' hai thanh cac chat khong

hoac It ddc hai cho mdi trudng

Tu)' nhien khi ddt bat cir chat thai nguy

hai nao Ihi khdi tao ra cung cd kha nang gay d

nhiem indi irudng ngay ca vdi nhung Id dot

ilicn dai nhai Vi vay can phai cd nhung phuong

phap de xir ly Iugng khi thai phat sinh tii' cac Id

ddt chat thai ran nay dc dam bao chat lugng

mdi irudng khdng khi,

Tren CO sd ly thuyet va khao sat thuc t^

ve cdng nghe xir ly rac thai nguy hai tai Viet

Nam chiing tdi da lua chgn he thdng cdng nghe

ddt va xir Iy khi thai phii hgp vdi yeu cau thyc

tien, xay dung mo hinh thi nghiem lya chon

cong nghe thich hgp xu ly khi phat sinh tir Id

ddt Viec dua ra ham loan thdng kc md ta mdi

quan he giua hieu suat xii ly va cac thong sd

anh hudng thdng qua ket qua thuc nghiem lacu

sd cho viec danh gia chinh xac muc do anh huong ciia cac thdng sd tdi qua trinh xu Iy SO2 tren he thdng xu I\' khi phat smh tir Id ddt vdi thiet bj hap thy la Venturi va chat hap thu Ca(OH): Trong pham vi ciia bai bao, anh hudng c:ic thdng sd nhu' ndng dd chat hap thu, iiru lugng Idng tudi va luu lugng khi vao thiet

bi Venturi dugc tap trung nahien ciru qua do xac dinh thdng sd Idi uu nham dam bao hieu suat xir ly khi thai tdt nhat va dat cac tieu chuan cho phep ve khi thai hien hanh tai Viet Nam

2 HE THONG THI NGHIEM

Hi?n nay tai Viet Nam thi Id dot hai buong loai tmh da dugc che tao va su dung rdng rai dot chat thai ran nguy hai Vdi viec xii

ly khi sau Id dot thi hap thy la mdt phuang phap pho bien He thong thi nghiem de nghien cuu xir ly khi phat sinh tir Id ddt chat thai nguy hai gom 3 phan chinh:

Ld dot tmh loai hai budng dot

He thdng xir ly khi thai phat sinh (thiet bj xil' ly khi, bcrm, quat )

Hinh I Sa do he thdng cong nghe dot va xir ly khi thai

1- Lo d6t tmh hai buong dot

2- Ong thoat khoi 16

3-Thi^t bi trao d6i nhiet

4-Thigtbitach bui kho

5- Thiet bi chua hoa chat hap tht

6- Van dieu chinh luu lupng

100 i - » - x 1

! x1

95 -j

1»= ^ • • / yi

l-so /

»= / V2

75 •

7- Bam cap chat hap thu 8- Ddng hd do luu lugng Idng 9- Van tuan hoan 10-Thiel bi hap thu Venturi

11 - Thimg chiia trung gian

=5,x3=50G0

= 10,x3=2000

= 6 613in(x) + 76.04 R' = 0,933

M 294ln(x) + 79 07 R' = 0 9a6

55

SI

i S5

79

/

12-Thiet bi tach 13- Cira lay mau 14- Cira lay mau 15- Quat hiit 16-Van xa day

^ - "

/

mil khi vao khi ra

vl S S J S n ;

'•-'ji'l

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Liru Ivorng tudi (m3/h )

Kinh 2 Anh huang cita liru hrang tuai tat hieu

sitdl xir ly

So do he thdng cdng nghe cd bd tri cac

Ihiet hi do the hien dhinh I,

Trong 16 ddt, chat thai ran duoc dua vao

bong so cap, mdt phan chat thai bi chay va

cliuyen sang dang khi, phan cdn lai tiep tuc

chay cho tdi khi phan buy hoan toan thanh tro

Tro Id dugc tao thanh tir cac chat vd co, xi va

cac chat khong chay khac se rai xudng khay Ibu

tro dat ngay phan dudi ciia Id ddt Buong ddt

thli cap dugc sir dung de tieu huy hoan loan cac

hup chat hifu co thoat ra tir budng so cap

Khi thai phat sinh tii Id dot dugc dan qua

thiet bj trao ddi nhiet gian tiep kieu dng chiim

de lam mat vol tac nhan trao ddi nhiet la nudc,

\iiU£i1o('j((ltli:i*tkhDili/crne)

Hinh 3 Anh huang cua ndng do dung dich Ca(0H)2 tdl hieu sudl xir ly

khd tbiSt bi sii' dung trong he thdng day chuyen cdng nghe la cyclon chiim 64 dan vi, tai thiet bi nay bui do qua trinh chay lao ra se dugc tach bd hlu h^t, Sau khi tach bui, khi tiep tuc dugc dugc dua sang Ihi^ bi hap thu SOi kieu Venturi, SOi dugc hap thu bang dung dich sCra vdi, djch sau hap thu dugc lgc trudc khi ve be tuan hoan, D^ dam bao cho qua trinh hoat ddng dugc lien luc luang sira vdi can diroc cung cap dfiu dan, Khi sach trudc khi thai ra ngoai mdi trudng qua ong khdi se dugc dua qua thiet bi tach gigt nhiim lach not cac hat Idng phat sinh trong qua trinh tiep xuc vdi pha Idng d van tdc cao ciia ddng khi, Ddng luc ciia qua trinh tang nhd quat hiit ly tam

3 KET QUA VA THAO LUAN

Cac thdng s6 anh hudng tdi hieu suat xir

Iy SO; gdm: nhiet dg khi thai, lo?i chat hap thu,

km Iugng ludi, nong do khi, luu lugng khi vao

thiet bj Tuy nhien trong pham vi nghien cuu

chi xet ba yeu td chinh la: nong dg chat hap thy

(dung djch Ca(0H)2: 2%- 10%), luu lugng khi

vao Qk (1000-5000inVh), luu lugng ldng tudi

Qi(l-12mVh)

Ket qua tir hinh 2 cho thay trong dieu

ki?n ndng dg Ca(0H)2, luu lugng khi Qk lan

lugt la 5%, 5000mVh vii 10%, 2000mVh thi

hieu suat xu ly t5ng khi lugng tudi tang trong

khoang tir 3-10 mVh Chgn khoang quy hoach

luu lugng tudi QI tir 3-1 Om /h

Ket qua tir hinh 3 cho lhay trong dieu

kien luu lugng khi Qk, luu Iugng tudi QI Ian

lugt la 7mVh, SOOOmVh va lOmVh, SOOOmVh

thi hieu suat xii ly tang cao khi ndng dg dung

djch Ca(0H)2 trong khoang 3-7% Chgn

khoang quy hoach ndng do dung dich Ca(0H)2

tir 3-7%,

Ket qua tir hinh 4 cho thay trong dieu

kien nong do Ca(0H)2, luu Iugng tudi Qk Ian

luot la 5%, 7m-/h; 5%, lOmVh va 10%, 7m^/h

thi hieu suat xu ly tang khi tang luu lugng khi

vao thia bi xit ly tir 2000-5000 m^/h Chgn

khoang quy hoach luu lugng khi Qk tir

2000-5000 mVh

De xac dinh cac thdng sd tdi uu cua qua

trinh su dung phuang phap quy hoach thuc

nghiem nghien ciiru anh hudng ddng thdi cac

yeu td:

Bdng 1 Ma trdn ke hogch

(1)

+ Nong dg dung djch Z, = 0,03 - 0,07 (phan khoi lugng)

+ Ltru iugng tudi Z2= 3 - 1 0 (m^/h)

+ Liru lugng khi Z,= 2000 - 5000 (mVh)

Md hinh thdng ke cd dang:

y = b,, +6,;C| +6;J:J +byXy +b^^x^x^ •^^[3^\^i + b^,x.^x, +b^^xf +AjjX3 +bjjxl +^123^1^2^3

y : hieu suat xu ly, phan trSm Xj: bien ma hoa ndng do dung dich x^: bien ma hoa luu lugng tuai xi: bien ma hoa luru lugng khi

Bt xac dinh cac tham so cua (1) ta phai

tien hanh thi nghi?m theo ke hoach thyc nghiem tryc giao bac hai ciia Box - Wilson Ke hoach

va cac ket cho d bang 1

xl=5.x2=7 xl=5.x2=10

yl = 2 792ln(x) + 67 28

R' = 0 833

y2 = 2 558ln{x) + 67 65

R' = 0 913

94 _ 9 2

S.90

•"I 88

I 86

I 84

82

80

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Liru lugrng khi ni3/h

Hinh 4 Anh hu&ng cua liru luang khi vdo ldi hieu sudl xir ly

thirc nghiem vd cdc kel qud

1

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Z|

0,03

(1,07

0,03

0.03

0,03

0,07

0,0257

0 05

1)05

0 05

Z 2

3

10

3

10

6,5

6 5

2 247=;

10,7525

6,5

U^

Z 3

2000

2000

5000

5000

3500

3500 3';(i()

1677 5 5322,^

Bien ma

^0

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

i

1

Xl -1

1 -1

1 -1

1 -t

1 -1 215 1,215

0

0

X2 -1

1

1 -1

1

0 -1 215 1,215

0

Xj -1 -1 -1

1

1

!

0

0 -1,215 1.215

X l ' 0,27 0,27 0.27 0,27 0,27 0.746 -0.73 -0,73

X 2 ' 0,27 0,27 0,27 0.27 0,27 -0.73 0,746 -0,73

X3' 0,27 0,27 0.27 0,27 -0,73 -0.73 0.476

"

y

86,90 85,43 80,15 78.69 85.97 87.4 SS.4 86,27

De xac dinh S n ta phai tien hiinh cac thi

nghiem lap d tam ke hoach, ket qua cho d bang

2

Bdng 2 Cdc thi nghiem d tdm ke hogch

a

1

2

3

4

Z|

0,05

0,05

0,05

0,05

z;

6,5

6,5

6,5

6,5

Z)

3500

3500

3500

3500

Ham muc tieu 91,88 91,38 91,55 91,06 Sir dung phan mem Design - Expert 8.0 nhap so

lieu ta dugc phuang trinh:

y = +91,42 + l,91xi + 1,14x2 - 0,96x.i +

l,88x,X2 + 2,42xix, 0,l3x2X, 2,l4xi^

1,81x2= -2,77x32 + 0,18x1X2X3(2)

Bien thyc

y = +72,36189+ 213,07486Z| + 1,29945Z2

+4,67059E-003Z, + 20,65476Z|Z2

+0,069l3IZ|Z,i 1,I3333E-004Z2Z,

5337,9l8102i2 0,14748Z22 l,22896E

OO6Z32 + |,76190E-003Z,Z2Z3 (3)

Nhir vay tir phuang trinh (2) va (3) nhan thay:

• Hieu suat xii ly khi SOi phu thudc phi tuyen

vao cac yeu td ndng do dung dich hap thu

Ca(0H)2, luu lugng khi va luu lugng ldng tudi

vao thiet bi hap thu Venturi

- Hieu suat xu Iy khi SO2 cd diem toi uu la diem

circ dai tuang ung vdi cac thdng sd dugc xac

dinh nhd giai phuang trinh theo phan mem

Design-Expert 8.0

Ket qua giai cu the vdi phan mem Design -Expert 8.0 ta cd d diem tdi uu:

Z| Zj Z3 y 0,07 9,88 4461,58 92,217 Z| - ndng do dung djch Ca(OH)2: 7%

Z2-luu Iugng tudi: 9,88 mVh Z3- luu lugng khi: 4461,58 mVh

Hieu suat xd ly dat 92,217%

4 KET LUAN Tir cac ket qua thyc nghiem va bang phuong phap quy hoach thyc nghiem nhdm nghien ciru da tim ra ham toan thdng ke md ta quan he giua hieu suat hap thu va cac thdng so anh hudng: ndng dp dung djch Ca(0H)2, luu lugng tudi, luu lugng khi Day la ham phi tuyen

va cd cue dai vdi diem tdi uu la: ndng do Ca(0H)3: 7%; luu lugng tudi: 9,88 mVh; luu lugng khi: 4461,58 m /h khi dd hieu suat xii ly khi SO2 dat 92,217%

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1, C;ic biio cao quan ly cluil thai nguy hai, bao cao giam sat mdi trudng djnh ky ve tieu hiiy chat thai iigii\ hai (2009)

2 I'ham Thi Thu Hoai Nghien ciru \ u ly khi tir Id ddt chat thai ran Benh vien Luan van Thac sT (2005)

3 Cicrald II Newton.John Kramlich, Roy Payne, Modeling the SO: - slurry droplet reaction, Aiche Journal Vol.6 No 12.1990,1865 - 1872

4 1 lidcrahu Yagi, Koyosukc Okamott), Keiji Naka and Haruo Hikita Chemical absorption of CO2 and SO: inloCa(Oll), slurry, chem Hng.Commun Vol 26.1984,1 - 9 ,

5 Nguyen Minh Tuyen, Pham Van Thicni, Ky thuat he thdng cdng ngh? hda hgc, tap I: Co sd md hinh hda qua trinh cdng nghe hda hgc, NXB Khoa hgc va Ky thuat Ha Ngi (2005)

Diu chi lien he- Pham Thi Thu Hoai - T e l ' 0947 485,555, Email" ptthoai^/ uncti-cdu,\n

Trudng Dai hoc Kmh lc - Ky thuat Cdng nghiep

456, Minh Khai, Hai Ba Trung Ha Ndi