Tap chi Khoa hoc Tru&ng Dgi bgc Cdn Tho Phdn 4'''' Klioahgc Tu nhien Cdng nghe vd Mdi tru&ng 28(2013} 4~ 53 Tap chi Khoa hpc Tru''''dng Dai hoc Can Thd website sJ ctu edu vn THlTC T R i ^ G svf DUNG THUOC B[.]
Trang 1Tap chi Khoa hpc Tru'dng Dai hoc Can Thd
website: sJ ctu edu vn
THlTC T R i ^ G svf DUNG THUOC BAO VE THU'C VAT
VA MOT SO GIAI PHAP GIAM THiEU VlEC SLT DUNG THUOC KHONG HQfP LY
TRONG SAN XUAT LUA d DONG BANG SONG C&V LONG
Pham Van Toan'
' Khoa Mdi truong & Tdi nguyen Thien nhien Trudng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha
Thdng tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 01/05/2013
Ngdy chdp nhgn: 29/10/2013
Title:
The situation of pesticide use
and several of reduced
measures for improper
pesticide use in rice
production in the Mekong
Delta
Td khda:
Thudc bdo vi thuc vdt, sdn
xudt Ida, chdt thdi
Keywords:
Pesticides, rice production,
wastes
Rice production is considered as an important aspect of economic development in the Mekong Delta Recently, aiming at ensuring domestic food security and exporting demand, intensive cultivation has been stepped up in the whole delta Contemporarily the use of agri-chemical in rice production has been increased rapidly Results of study on the currenl practice of pesticides showed that farmers often applied variaties of pesticides belonging
to categories of II (moderately hctzadous) and III (lightly hazadous) according
to World Health Organization (WHO) classification Pesticides were not properly applied in terms of frequency, lime and dosage of use Unscife in use
On the other hand wastes originated from pesticide use were often not managed and treated properly on the fields as well as at storage places in house This practice caused risks to public health and the surrounding environment Nevertheless the majority of interviewed farmers neglected resorts avoiding or reducing exposure to pesticide residues although most of them perceived the negative effects of pesticides How to reduce improper pesticide use and management as well as its wastes are urgent problems to ensure a sustainably agricultural development arui to reduce unwanted impacts from pesticide application
Sdn xudt Ilia dugc xem Id ngdnh kinh li mui nhgn cua ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long Ddc biet de ddm bdo an mnh luang ihijrc trong nudc vd nhu cdu xudt khdu viec thdm canh tdng vu dang dugc day mgnh trong lodn vitng Song song
do viic su dung hda chdt Irong sdn xudt lua cUng tdng theo Ket qua diiu tra nghiin ciru ve thuc trgng qudn ly vd sir dung thudc cho thdy ngudi ddn thudng
su dung cdc logi thudc cd dg dpe logi II vd III theo phdn logi cua Td chuc Y ti The gidi (WHO) Thudc thudng khdng dugc sii dung hap ly vi tdn sudt thdi gian vd lieu luang Khdng an todn trong viic su dung vd bdo qudn Id vdn di ddng quan tdm trong so hg ddn duge phdng vdn Ngodi ra chdt thdi tir qua rudng cUng nhu lai nai edt gm Nhitng ihuc trgng ndy tgo rui ro dot vdi sue khde cgng ddng vd mdi trudng xung quanh Tt^ nhien, phdn ldn ngudi ddn dugc phong vdn thd a trong viec trdnh su phai nhiim thudc mdc dit da s6 hg nhdn ihuc dugc nhitng fdc hgi do dnh huang cua thudc Ldm ihi ndo di hgn chi vi^c sudung vd qudn ly thudc vd chdt ihdi tir thudc khong hgp ly Id vdn di rat can thiet di ddm bdo nin ndng nghiip phdt triin bin vihig, gidm thiiu cdc tdc dgng khdng mong mudn lir thudc bdo ve thuc vdt
Trang 21 GlOfI THI|:U CHUNG
Cling vdi viec diy manfa sdn xuat nfing nghiip
viec sur dung hda chit nong nghiep da gia ting
nhanh chdng 6 Viet Nam Lugng va loai tfaudc bdo
ve thuc vdt (BVTV) bit ddu tang lir nfaiing nam
1970s, d^c biet tdng nhanh tir cufii nhung nam
1980s din 2010 (Trin Thi Ut, 2002) Tii chd chi cd
77 logi hogt chat dugc cho phep su dung nam
1991, din ndm 2010 cd 437 thudc trir siu, 304
thuoc diet ndm va 160 thudt di|t cd dugc cho phep
sir dung (Bfi Nfing nghiip & PTNT, 2010) Trong
hai thdp niin nay sfi lupng thufic BVTV nhdp khau
tdng tir 20.300 lln 72.560 tin (Nguyin Huu Hudn,
2005; Bfi Ndng nghiip & PTNT 2010) 6 ddng
bdng sdng Cuu Long (DBSCL) vile sii dyng vd
quan ly thudc BVTV da bdt diu li mdi quan tdm
lon frong qua frinh phdt frien ndng nghiip Vile sii
dyng thudc d khu vyc ndy cao hon so vdi nhiing
vung khic trong nudc Chang han nhu, trung binh
sfi lin phun thuoc trir siu d khu vyc nay (5.3
Idn/vy) cao hon dfing bing sfing Hong (1.0 lan/vy)
(Uy ban Sfing MIkong, 2007) Ngudi nfing din vin
sii' dung cac thufic trii' sdu thudc gfic chlor hiru co
va lan hiiu co, tuy nhien xu hudng sii dyng nhdm
cue tdng hop ngiy cing gia ting (Nguyin Hiiu
dyng tuy nhiin van cdn phdt hiln, chang ban nhu
hogt chit endosulfan (Meisnner, 2005; Sebesvari
rfing, su biing phdt ciia siu benh vd sy quin ly yeu
la nhiing nguyen nhan chinh cho thyc trang nay
Thufic BVTV dupe xem li tie nhdn cd ich
frong vi|c kiem sodt vi phdng ngira sdu benh Tuy
nhiin chiing la nhiing chdt doc hai ddi vdi cic thien
dich cac logi sinh v^t c6 ich khac kl ca con nguai
Mpl khi bj phat tan vio frong mdi tnrdng thudc
BVTV giy ra nfaihig tac hgi cho con ngudi, ciy
frdng, vit nufii va mfii truong khac (Ohkawa vd
ctv., 2007) 6 DBSCL, du lirgng thufic BVTV da
nghiem vd day co thi la nguyen nhin gay ra nhiing
benh nguy hilm nhu ung thu vi cac dang u budu
khic (Dasgupta va ctv., 2005) 6 nhilm du lugng
thufic BVTV con gay ra nhiing tdc hai nghiem
ttpng khac dnh hudng din mdi frudng nudc ngdn
cin sy sinh tmdng va cdu tnic ciia he sinh thai thuy
vyc (Margni vi ctv , 2002) 6 nhiem du lugng
thufic lam cho nguon nudc mit gia tri sir dyng
( D ^ g Minh Phuang vd Gopalakrisfanan, 2003),
nhdt Ii ngudn nudc mdt d viing nfing thon DBSCL
vi day li ngudn nudc chinh cho tudi tllu trong
nfing nghiip cho sinh hogt hdng ngay ddc bilt
li ngudn nudc diing cho muc dich nau in vd nudc udng
Viec phdt tan du lupng thudc BVTV gay d nhiem mfii truong cd the duge gdy ra bdi nhilu nguyin nhdn, ttong dd viec su dung vd quin ly thufic kfafing hop ly frong hoat dfing nfing nghiip
cd tfal Id ngudn anh hudng chinh Trong bii vilt ndy thyc frgng quan ly va six dung thudc ctia ngudi ndng din d DBSCL dugc dieu tra vd danh gid Dya fren kit qud nghiin ciiu va thuc frgng ciia khu vyc, mpt sfi biln phdp cd klii nang khic phuc vile quan
ly va sii dung thufic khfing hgp ly dugc de xuit
2 PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN c u t !
Dl dieu fra ve tinh hinh quin ly va sii dung thudc ciia ngudi dan, phuong phip phong vin ndng
hd bing philu dilu tra soan sin dugc tiln hdnh thong tin liln quan den kiln thiic vi thdi quen sir dung vi qudn ly tfaudc BVTV Phdng van dupe thuc hien bfii tac gii va cdng tic viin Nhiing fafi phdng van frln dia bin nghiin ciiu se dugc chpn ngau nhiin Hfi dugc phdng van se dupe hdi nhung cau hdi fren phieu phong vin va ngudi phong vin phdng vin
3 THV'C TRANG SU" DUNG THUOC BAO
VE THV'C VAT Kit qua dieu fra cho thay cd 97 thuoc BVTV thuang phim, thufic 55 hoat chat khdc nfaau ciia 20 nhdm hda hpc dupe su dung Nhu trinh biy frong Bdng 1, nhdm thuoc trii benh conazole gdm hexaconazole, propiconazole vd difenoconazole la logi thudc dugc sii dyng nhilu nhit chiem 11,8% Theo sau li thudc trir sdu nhdm ciic tdng hgp pyrethroids (alpha-cypermethrin va cypermetfarin), nhdm biopesticides (abamectin vi validamycin), carbamates (fenobucarb) vd nhdm khing sinh tong hgp (buprofezin), chiem ty le ldn lugt la 9,8; 8,8; 6,9 vi 5,9% Cac loai thufic thudc nhom lan huu co dung kha thudng xuyen Thufic diet cfi thupc cac nhdm chlorinate phenoxy (2,4D, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl) vi amide (butachlor and pretilachlor) ciing dugc sir dung pho biln
Cd mpt sy thay doi vl ty le giiia cic logi thudc trir sau tir kit qua dilu fra so vdi kit qua thfing kl cdp qufic gia ciia Chi cyc Bio ve Thyc vgt nam
2007 Cy the la cd sy gia tang ve ty 11 sir dyng thufic frii sau trong qua trinh dieu fra, c6 11 do sy bimg phit ciia siu hgi, ddc bilt td sy bpc phat cua
Trang 3Cfi khoang 50% logi thudc BVTV dugc sii
dyng thudc nhdm 11 vd 111 (miic dp doc ttung binh
va nhe) theo phan loai ciia Tfi chiic Y ti The gidi
(WHO) Nhdm Ian vd chlor hiiu co van dugc ngudi
nfadm 11 Gdc lin hiiu ca dugc sir dung phd bien
hom gdc chlor hiiu co Mdt hogt chat chlor hiiu ca,
endosulfan, van cdn dugc sir dyng mic dii nd dd bi
cam su: dyng frln loin qudc tir nim 2005 Nfadm
thudc ciic tdng hgp dugc sir dung phd biln han
nhdm biopesticides vd carbamates So vdi nfaung
nghien ciiu tnrde ddy (Nguyen Hiiu Huin vd ctv.,
DBSCL thi tfaiy ring ngudi ddn thay ddi xu hudng
sii dung thudc Nhfim lan vd chlor htm co da dugc
hgp, carbamate cd chilu hudng gia ting Nhdm ciic
tfing hgp vi carbamates dugc su dung phd biln dl
kiem soit siu benfa Hai hoat chat nay li nhiing hoa
chat dpe ddi vdi dpng vdt ddy, cac loai ca
(Cagauan, 1995; Nguyin Van Cdng va ctv, 2008)
Cdc loai sdu benh cd kfaa nang khing hai hgp chat
Nguyen nhdn ciia sy biing phat nay cd thi do viec
sii dung khdng dung nhiing hop chit frln (He va
ctv, 2007; Heong vi ctv, 2008) Khodng 30% thufic
thupc nhdm IV (khdng dpe khi dugc sii dyng binh
thudng) theo phdn loai eiia WHO va thufic nhdm
NL (khdng dugc dua vao danh myc) Phin ldn cic
hgp chdt thudc diet cd dugc su dung eiing thufic
nhfim IV va NL, ngoai trii hoat chit 2,4D thufic
nhom 11
Sii dung thuoc BVTV dugc coi li phuong phip
chinfa de khfing chl sdu benfa ciia ngudi ddn Kit
qui dilu tta cho thdy cd tten 85% ndng fad dugc
phdng vdn chi dung thudc BVTV ttong viec kfafing
chl siu benh Ly do chinh cua vile sir dung nay la
do failu qui tiic thi ciia thudc sau khi sir dung
Khfing cd su thay dfii nio vl vile uu tien sii dung
nhimg ngfailn ciiu trudc (Heong vi Escalada,
1997) Nguoi ddn thudng dp dung tfaudc voi tiiu
lugng cao hon so vdi chi ddn ghi tten nhdn thufic
hudng dan nhung hp de dang tang liiu niu ldn
phun xit ddu tien khdng hieu qua Kfafing cd truong
hop ngudi ddn sii dyng il hon lieu lugng chi din
Ly do chinh ciia vile sii dung vdi lieu cao hem chi
dan li de chdc chin dat hieu qua sau khi phun
Ngoii ra, ngudi din con frdn hai hogc nhiiu hon
loai thufic ttong mfit lin phun xit L> do ciia thyc te
nay Id do hp khfing tin chdt lugng ciia thufic Ben
cgnh dd cdn cd ly do kfaic eho thyc tl niy li de tilt kilm tfadi gian va cdng lao dfing dl ngira vd diy lili dugc nhieu loai sdu benh sau khi phun, vd don gidn la chf lam theo ngudi ben canh khi hp nhan tiiiy hieu qui cua cdcfa ldm nay
Bang 1: Ty 11 cdc goc thu6c BVTV dirge sir duDg
STT Nhdm tfaudc Tylldu^rc
sir dung (%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
20
Conazoles Pyrethroids Biopesticides Carbamates Chlorinate phenoxy Organophosphates Chitin synthesis inhibitor Amide MoUuscicide Nicotinoid Phosphorothiolate Pyrazole Sulfonylure Nereistoxin Organochlorines Bipyridylim Nitroguanidine Anilide Quinolinecarboxylic acid
Chit Ichac
11,8 9.8 8,8 6,9 6,9 5,9 5,9 3,9 3.9 3,9 2,9 2,9 2,0 1,0 1,0 1.0 1,0 1.0 15.7 Kit qud quan sdt cung cfao thay ring viec trii thufic BVTV khfing an loan Da sfi ngudi din khong bd tri ncri an toan cho viec trir thudc Thuoc dygc cat trii frong nha d nhirng nai khdng hgp ly nhu frong nhi bip, freo frln tudng, dl gin chudng vdi thudc chua sir dung
4 TINH HINH XlT LY CHAT THAI TU* THUOC BVTV
Sau khi dugc sir dung pfaan lon hop, chai va vfi thufic BVTV bj viit tryc tiep tai nai sii dyng Khodng 70% nfing ho dugc phong van viit bd vd thufic sau khi sir dyng ngay tgi nai phun thudc Rat
dl tim thdy chai tp tfaudc da sii dung d ngoai ddng, cfadng han nhu dgc tfaeo cdc bd rudng, dudi kinh faay frong vudn Cfai mpt phdn nhd nfing hp (17%) giii lai cac chai Ip thudc cd tfal bin phe lieu Tuy nhien, chiing thudng dugc thu gom vd cat giii khdng an toin tgi rugng, vudn hay xung quanh
Trang 4hodc chon lap mpt cdch khdng an todn ngay tai
rufing, vuon
Phan ldn ndng dan dugc dilu fra (88%) rira
binh phun thufic ngay frong kenh nfii dfing hoac
trong cdc muong, ao frong rupng Nudc thii tir vile
riia cdc dung cu phun thufic dugc dfi ngay frong
rupng Nhiing ngudi con lai mang binfa pfaun tfaudc
nia va dfi nudc thai true tiep trong kenh Cd tfal
vio nudc trong kenh rgch, nd la mdt ngufin gdy fi
nhilm nudc mat
Liln quan din hdn hop thudc cdn du sau khi
phun thudc, gin phin nira sfi hfi dugc dilu fra
phdng van (48%) xii ly hdn hop thufic cdn du bdng
each phun lai cho liia hay hoa mdu ven bd rudng
hay nhiing nai cd miic dp sau benh tin pha nhiiu
Khoang 43% ngudi dugc hoi do hdn hgp thufic cdn
dugc phdng vin do thudc cdn du tryc tiep xufing
kinh racfa Vi|c xii ly hfin hgp thuoc dy khdng hgp
ly nay ldm cfao du lupng thufic BVTV phat tin
frong ngufin nudc mat, dan den su phoi nhilm
thufic khi sir dung nudc cho nhu cau an udng, vl
sinh vi tdc ddng den he thuy sinh vat
5 CAC BIfN PHAP GIAM THifeU VIEC
SU*DUNG THU6C KHONG HOP LY
Khd nfaiiu bi|n phdp da dugc dp dung de gidm
rui ro do thufic BVTV da dugc ip dyng d DBSCL
vd cac khu vyc khdc frong ca nudc Trong bdi vilt
nay xin diem lgi vd cung nhu xin dl xudt mdt sfi
giai phdp cd thi dp dung frong thdi gian tdi
Cue Bio vl Thuc vat da xay dyng dugc mdt
mgng ludi den cap fauypn frln toan qudc Tir nam
1993, Cyc da ban hinh nhiiu qui dinh vi sir dung
thufic, kilm djnh vi bio vl thyc vat Trong quyet
dinh vl kilm djcfa vd bao vl tfauc vdt, cy thi vl
hda chdt bdo vl thyc vat, mdt sd quy dinh rdt cd
y nghia trong viec giam thilu nii ro tir thufic
BVTV nhu:
+ Ban hinh danfa sach cdc loai thufic dugc
phep sii dung, han che sir dung va cam sii dung
hang ndm
+ Phai bio dam an toan cho con nguoi va
mdi tnrdng ttong cac khau sdn xudt, tdn tru: vi van
chuyin hda chat bio v | thyc vat
Kfai ddng ky mdt loai thudc phdi dap iing
vlu cdu vl hi?u lyc ky thuit, dp an toan dfii vdi
con ngudi vi mfii ttudng vi cic yeu ciu khac theo
qui djnh Trung tim Kiim djnfa tiiufie BVTV da
dugc thinh lap tir ndm 1994 nhu la mdt ea quan
ciia Nfad nudc cd chiic ndng qudn ly thufic BVTV
ve mil chit lupng, du lugng tiiudc trong ndng va ldm nghiip vi kiem dinh cic logi thufic mdi Cue Bao V? Thyc vdt da cim sir dung tat
c i cic loai thufic cd dp dfic xip nhdm I tir nam
1995 Danh sdcfa cic loai thufic dupe phep six dyng hgn che su dung vd cam su dung dugc cap nhit hing nam
- Bd tdi chinh da dp thul cho mot sfi logi thufic tir ndm 1996 Thuc te, vile dp tfaui chii yiu
cd myc dich la nham tdng ngudn thu thul han Id nhim tic dpng din vile sii dung thudc (McCann, 2005) Do do, dl CO thi giim vipc sii dung thudc thi he thong thue nen cfi sy dilu chinh, thul nin dugc dp cho lit ca cac loai thuoc dugc nhgp va xiy dyng va ip dung cho cic logi thufic cd tinh dpe cao dl han chl sii dung Ngufin lgi tii thul nin duge sii dung dl khuyen khich vdo vile nghiin cuu tim ra cac loai thufic BVTV than thien vdi mdi truong hon
- Thyc tl cho thay ty le sfi hp dp dyng IPM rdt thap (khoang 15% theo dilu tra cua tac gid), ngudi nfing dan it ap dung IPM la do mpt sd nguyen nhan nhu: hp khfing dugc tham gia cdc ldp 1PM chinh thiic, that sy riii ro khi ap dyng ky thudt IPM lln thua rufing ciia minh frong khi khfing cd
sy dp dung 1PM d cdc thiia rufing-xung quanfa, sy phy thupc vio hda chat do nhirng tie dpng tir ngudi ban thufic Tuy nhiin, chuong trinh IPM da dugc chiing minh la bien phap cd hieu qui frong vile thay doi thii dp, nhan thiirc va thdi quen ciia ngudi nfing dan trong thyc li qudn ly dich b|nh (Escalada
ctv., 1999; Escalada and Heong, 2007; Heong ctv
2008b) Vi vay chuong trinh IPM cin dugc phd biln rpng rdi hon dl khuyen khich ngudi ndng dan, dat biet ti bi con d viing sau, vimg xa, noi it cd dilu kiln tilp can Cic chuong frinh nen tilp tyc td chiic thyc hien va nhdn rdng tuong ty nhu da dygc thuc hien nhy hpi thio dau bd, cdu lgc bfi nhd
ed sy tham gia ciia nhilu ben bao gdm ndng din doanh ngfaiep, nhi khoa hpc va chinfa quyin dja phuong
- Thufic BVTV nin dugc chpn sir dung mgt cdch can nhic, cdc hogt cfadt cd tinh ddc cao khdng nin su dyng nhu gdc chlor hiiu eo NIn chuyin sang sir dung cdc hoat chat it dfic, cd chu ky bdn phan huy ngdn frong mfii fruo^ng vd co hieu qua phdng trii li chiin lupc quan frpng di gidm thiiu d nhilm du lugng thudc BVTV Tuy nhiin, viec sii dung thufic khfin ngoan bi tac ddng bfii diiu kiln
Trang 5kuifa ti nfadt l i ngudi nong ddn ngheo Hp cd thi
de dang phun cac loai thudc tfing hgp dfic, dugc
ban bit hgp phap do gia cd thudng khfing cao va
hiiu qua duy fri tau sau sii dung Quy djnh chit che
va chi tdi nghiim nggt di ngdn chdn vile nhgp
khiu, sdn xudt, budn bdn vi sir dung cae logi thufic
BVTV dfic hgi la rdt cdp thiit
- Nhu ciu su dung tiiudc BVTV cd till gidm
thfing qua vile dp dung cac bi|n phap frfing frpt ca
bdn nhu vl sinfa dfing rugng, ciy bira hgp 1), luan
canh miia vu, xen canh, sii dung giong khing va
tuan thii ljch canh tdc Cic biln phdp ndy ciing cd
the ldm cho siu benh it xuit faien Sir dung gidng
sach benfa dugc xac nfain se giim viec phun thuoc
frong thdi gian dau miia vu Khfing hoac it sii dung
thuoc BVTV lim cho cac logi tiiien djch va cac
lodi sinh vat cd ich duy tri frln dfing rudng
- Phuang phdp kiem soit smh hpc nen dugc
ap dung, can thiep vdo he sinh thdi dfing mpng theo
hudng cd ich cho thiin dich/cac sinh vdt cd ich vi
tdn hai ddi voi siu benh Sy hiiu dung ciia cic
bing cdch cung cip tinic an cho chiing vi gidm su
dung tfaudc Chang ban nfau kiln ving Oecophylla
dupe chuyin lir mpt noi kfaic din mpl vimg moi
ndo dfi, cic loii siu hgi cd d viin^ mdi se Id ngudn
thiic an phong phii cua chiing Kit qud Id qudn the
sdu hai se bi khdng chl, mat khdc chdt lugng nfing
Ciic 2003) Cdng nghe sinh thai cung cd thi dp
dung dl khdng chl sau benh fren rufing lua, lira
giam vile sii dung thufic BVTV Cac loii hoa mau,
cdy kieng cd hoa dupe frdng cdp bd rufing phdn
hoa cita chiing li ngufin tfaiic an vd ciing dupe xem
la chat dan dy cac logi thien dich frudc khi chiing
bay vao bin frong rudng dl sin mdi Nhd dd sy da
dang sinfa hpc fren rudng tang len vi qudn the sau
benh dugc khdng chl d mirc kilm sodt dugc
(Nguyin Hiiu Huan vd ctv., 2010) Ting cuong sir
dung cic logi thudc sinh hpc Bacillus thuriniensis
(Bt) hoic vinit nuclear polyhedrosis cung Id mfit
bien phap him hieu de gidm fi nfailm du lugng
thuoc BVTV (Trin Vin Hai vd en-., 2008; SP-IPM,
2009) Thudc sinh hpc Id loai thuoc BVTV ma
thanh phan hoat chit cfainh Id cdc logi vi sinh vit
nhu vi khuin, vi nit nim, tuyln tning vd ddng vdt
nguyin sinh Thudc sinfa fapc cung dugc sir dung
tuong ty nhu thudc hda hpc nfaimg hoat chdt
"sfing" cua chiing cd the sinh sdn vi tgo ra kha
sinh hpc khdc la dya vio pheromone gioi linh tfing
hgp cung cd the dp dung d DBSCL (Ll Vin Ving
vd cfi' 2008) Cac pheromone gidi tinh tdng hgp
thudc dgng chit thu faiit, li cac chdt smh hda ta^ nin tir cic loai cdn trimg khic nhau Cfaat tdng hgp nay cd thi gay kich thich ede cd the ciing lodi hoac tttong tac giua cic cd the khdc lodi Cac bay pheromone gidi tinfa li bien phip dugc sit dung hieu qud nhit ttong chuong trinh IPM (SP-IPM, 2006) Muc dich ehinh ciia bay pheromone gidi tfnh la han che hien tugng bat cip nin ldm giam qudn thi sdu benh Dira vdo cde loii sdu hai dupe phdt hien ttong bdy, ngudi ndng din quyet dinh co phun thudc hay khfing
Sir dyng tfaudc BVTV Id mfit frong nfaiing phuong pfaip sau ciing klii ma sy ldn pfad cua dich hgi vugt mdt nguomg nao do duge phdt hien thdng liiudc BVTV liln quan din qud ttinh ra quylt dmfa cua ngudi ndi^ din Dilu na\ phu thupc vio nhin thiic, thai dp va tfayc t l sii dung thudc Phuoi^ rdng rai bfii Bp Nong nghiep vi Phdt triln Nfing thon bao gdm: diing loai thudc, diing lilu, diing thdi gian va diing cdch 6 nhiem ngudn nudc mat bdi du lupng thudc cd thi gidm thilu bang each ndng cao kha ndng quylt dinh ciia ngudi ddn trong viec phun thufic diing vd tiiao tdc an toin Kfau vyc pha thufic nen dugc bd tri tranh ngufin nudc mat cang xa cang tfit va nufifc thai nlu cd nin dugc thu gom va xii ly bang cdc he thdng xii ly dupe bfi tri hgp Iv, ching fagn nfau dim sinfa fapc TTiudc BVTV khfing nin dugc phim gin cde kenh, muong hay voi pfaun nen dugc ha thdp sat ciy frfing kfai phun xit Lirgng thudc tfin du la khdng mong muon va diln tich dit di bd tri h | tfafing xu ly nudc thii tao
ra do hoat ddng ndng ngfailp Nudc ttong rupng liia khdng nen dugc giii nhilu ttong suot qud trinfa phun, nlu cd tfai nin giii nudc cing liu frong rupng nlu CO till sau khi pfaun thudc Bdo dim dung cu diing cho qua trinh phun thuoc khdng bi rd ri Binh phun thufic va cdc dyng cy dung ttong qud trinh phun thufic phdi dugc nia tai he thdng xir ly Vile viit bd vd Ihudc sau khi su dung phii dugc tfayc hien an toan Cac chai lo thudc da sii dyng nin dugc xuc nia trudc khi viit bo va nuoc xiic riia phii dupe xii: ly dung cdch Ngudi ndng din phai
cd ttich nhilm thu gom vd edt ttii bao bi, vd thufic hgp ly sau khi su dung Cdc each lim frln nin dugc phd biln rfing rii thfing qua cdc phuang tiln truyin thong
- Tilp tue md rdng dp dung chuong frinfa Mot phdi Nam giim li mgt biln phdp tot de gidm sir dyng thufic BVTV ciing nfau phdn bdn Chuai^
Trang 6cua md fainh Ba Giam Ba Tang dugc triln khai ttr
nim 2003 Cae nghiin ciiu cho thiy rang Icri nhuin
ciia vile dp dyng chuong frinh nay tmng binh ldn
lugt la 35 va 58 US ddla/hecta trong vy Iiia He Tfau
vd Ddng Xudn (Nguyen Hiiu Huin, 2005) Tii viec
gidm mat dp gieo xg, thufic vd phan bdn tfai nudc
tudi va thdt thoat sau thu hoach (5 giam) da dugc
Nam Gidm dugc ap dyng a cdc tinh An Giang va
Cin Tho frong nhiing nam gdn day Ben canh do,
din viec giim sir dung thufic BVTV
Su hinh thanh md hinfa "cdnh ddng mdu
lon" tuy moi khdi phat tir thing 3 ndm 2011 nhung
no dd dygc phan tich, danh gia la mfi hinh diing
din ddm bao nen ndng nghiip phit friin bin virng
Voi vile dp dyng mfi hinh nay vile ap dung ky
thuat tiln tiln se dong bd, nit ngdn khoang cdch
chenh l?ch vi ndng suit giiia cic ndng hO, hinh
thdng qua viec liln kit bdn nhi Voi viec dp dung
mfi hinh nay, viec sii dung thufic BVTV se dugc
giim thilu ding ke do tdc dpng tir nhilu m^t: ap
dung cic tiln bp ky thugt ttong kilm sodt sdu benh,
nfing din si fagn che phun thudc theo dang tilp thi,
quang cdo lir cdc cfing ty kinh dognh thuoc BVTV,
chit lupng liia gao bao ddm tiiu chudn xuat khdu
6 KET LUAN
Thyc trgng ve su" dyng va quan ly thufic bao vl
tfauc vgt di lam noi lln van di ding bio dfing la
phin Ion ngudi ndng din d DBSCL sir dung vd bdo
quin thudc BVTV khdng hgp ty Phun thufic
BVTV dugc xem la phuang phdp chinh trong vile
khfing che sdu benh Ngudi dan van con sii dung
hiiu CO Vi|c sii dung cac hogt chdt thufic nhom ciic
tfing hgp, carbamate cfi chilu hudng tang Cfi hon
50% thuic dugc sir dung thudc nhdm cfi dp ddc II
va III theo phdn loai ciia Td chirc Y li Tfai gioi
Thufic BVTV chua dugc sii dyng diing each, diing
liic va dung phuang phap Ddc biet la ngudi cdn
thd o, chua cfi y thirc vdi sy phoi nhiem thudc qua
viee sii dung thufic khfing hgp ly Vile qudn ly va
xii ly chdt thdi lir vi|c sir dung thufic cung chua
hgp ly Vile xd ly thudc thira, nia dung cy phun
thufic khfing diing cich Day la nhihig nguyin nhan
ciia sy phat tan du lugng thudc vdo frong mfii
tmdng nudc; cd thi ldm gidm chit lugng mfii
tmang va sire khfie cpng dfing Anh faudng den
tiim ndng xudt khiu ndng sin dgc bill Id sy phat
triin ndng nghiep bin vifaig ciia khu vyc
Cdn thiet phai nghiin eiiu ddy manfa triln khai
dp dung cdc bien phdp han chl vile phit tin du lugng thudc BVTV vao frong mfii frudng Ap dung cac gidi phdp gidm thilu du lygng thufic BVTV ttong nudc ddm bdo ngufin nudc phyc vy cho sinh hoat d cdc vung nfing thdn Day Id mpt ttong nhiing diem dugc di cap frong tiiu chi mfii trudng ttong chuang frinfa muc tiiu qufic gia vl xay dyng nfing thon moi giai doan 2010-2020
TAI LI$U THAM KHAO
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2 Bfi Ndng nghiep & Phat triln Ndng thdn
2010 Danh muc thuoc dugc cho phep, hgn chl va cdm sir dyng d Viet Nam Thdng tu ciia Bd Nfing nghiep vd Phat trien Nfing thfin, duoc ban hanh thing 4 nam 2010.231 trang
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pfaip sii dyng thudc bdo \ e thyc vit frong
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md fainfa "Ba giim - Ba tdng" tai Tien
Giang, "Mpl phdi - Ndm gidm" tai An
Giang trong san xudt Ilia gao theo VietGAP
d vims dfing bing sdng Cim Long 4 frang
18 Ngu> en Hiru Hudn Vd MaL Escalada,
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