Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn A Khoa hgc Ty nhiin Cdng nghi vd Mdi irudng 32 (2014) 87 93 Tap chf Khoa hoc TriTdng Dai hpc Can Thd website sj ctu edu vn KHOA HOC irdC TfNH LlTgfNG VA CA[.]
Trang 1Tap chf Khoa hoc TriTdng Dai hpc Can Thd
website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
KHOA HOC
irdC TfNH LlTgfNG VA CAC BI?N P H A P XU" LY RCfM RA
d MQT SO TINH DONG BANG S 6 N G CUtJ LONG
Trin Sy Nam', Nguydn Thi Huynh Nhu^, Nguydn HiJU Chidm', Nguyin Vo Chiu Ngan',
Ld Hoing Viet' va Kjeld Ingvorsen^
^ Khoa Mdi trudng & Tdi nguyen Thien nhien Trudng Bgi hgc Cdn Tha
^ Chi Cyc Bdo ve Mdi trudng, Sd Tdi nguyen vd Mdi trucmg Kien Giang
^ Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University Denmark
Thdng tin chung:
Ngdy nhdn: 19/11/2013
Ngdy chdp nhgn: 30/06/2014
Title:
To quantify the seasonal
rice straw and its use in
different provinces in the
Vietnamese Mekong Delta
TOT khoa:
Ram rg, dot ram, xu ly rom,
phdt thai, Ddng bang sdng
Cuu Long
Keywords:
Rice straw, burning, rice
straw treatment, emission,
the Mekong Delta
ABSTRACT
The estimated quantity of rice straw and its use in different provinces (An Giang, Dong Thap, Kien Giang and Can Tho) in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta were investigated based on a prepared questionnaire and field survey The results showed that local farmers used six common types of rice straw treatment and management, including: burning, burying, mushroom cultivation, breeding, sale and giving to neighbors The usage of rice straw also varied seasonally In the winter-spring season, straw burning is the most common activity (98.2%), whereas the remaining activities are mushroom cultivation and sale In the summer-autumn season, the proportion of straw burning decreased to 89.7% level, burying was accounted for 6.65% In the autumn-winter season, burning had lowest level (54.1%) while the proportion of straw burying was quite high (26.1%) followed by mushroom cultivation (8.1%) and the rest Annually, the estimated quantity of rice straw in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta was approximated of about 26.2 million tons, in which 20.9 million tons was burned directly on the fields This led to an accumulated release approximately 17.95 million tons of C02, 485.58 thousand tons of CO and 10.38 thousand tons oj NOx in the atmosphere The results also showed that most of farmers tended to continue burning rice straw as a habit in the coming years
Lugng ram rg sau thu hogch vd cdc biin phdp sic dyng rom rg a mgt si tinh Bdng bdng song Cuu Long dugc khdo sdt thdng qua phdng vdn kit hgp thu mdu tren ddng ru^ng Igi cdc tinh An Giang, Bdng Thdp, Kien Giang vd Cdn Tha Kit qud khdo sdt cho thdy cd 6 hinh thuc qudn ly vd xir ly luong rom rg dugc ngudi ddn lya chon phd biin Id ddt ram, vui rom trdng ndm, chan nudi bdn vd cho ngudi khdc Cdc hinh thuc xir ly ram tren mgng thay ddi tiiy theo miia vy O vyBongXudn, ddt ram Id hinh thuc dugc su dyng phd biin nhdt (98,2%), cdn lai trdng ndm, hdn ram, cho rom chiim ty le rdt thdp O vy He Thu, ty li dot ram gidm xudng cdn 89,7%, viii ram chiim 6,7% Vy Thu Bong cdtyl4 dit ram (8,1%), cdc hinh thirc khdc chiim ^ le nhd Kit qud udc tinh lugng ram rg phdt sinh d Bdng bang song Cdu Long ndm 2011 vdo khodng 26.2 trieu Idn/nSm, trong do khodng 20,9 triiu tdn/ndm Id ngirdi ddn ddt Luang ram ddt udc tinh hdng ndm phdt thdi 17,95 trieu tdn C02, 485,58 nghin tdn CO vd 10,38 nghin tdn NOx vdo khi quyin Kit qud diiu tra cdn ghi nhgn da so ndng ddn diu cd
Trang 21 GIOflTHlEU
Ddng birig sdng Cftu Long (DBSCL) li mot
vimg sin xuit Ifta Upng dilm cfta Viet Nam, vdi
dien tich cbi chilm 12,1% difn tich cfta ca nude,
iihung san Iugng lua chidm khoang 51,5% v i ddng
gdp hem 90% Iugng gao xuit khiu cfta c i nude
Difn tich tidng Ma cfta DBSCL da khdng ngui^
tang qua cie nam, ddn nam 2011 dien tich liia da
dgt khoMg 4 trifu ha vdi sin Iugng 23 trieu tin
(Tdng cyc thdng kd, 2012) Tuong ling vdi didn
tich canh tac v i sin lugng lua thi lugng ram
ftiiai bd hoac ddt hing nam d DBSCL la rit Idn
(Bo tai nguyen va Mdi trudng, 2010) CJ Chiu
' A, tugng ram rg thm bd khoing 667 Uifu tin/nam
(Yoswathana et al, 2010) Hifn nay, hiu hit cac
ngudn tii nguyen phd thai niy chira dugc khai thie
vi sft dung mdt each tiifu qui d mpt sd khu vyc,
phin Idn rom ra dupe logi bd khdi ddng mdng
bing each ciy viii, ddt hogc dugc sft dimg dd ft
phan (He et al, 2008; Wati et al, 2007; Vlasenko
et ai, 1997) diy la mdt sy I§ng phi ngudn nang
lugng cac-bon huu ca rit Idn Ddt rom ra tien ddng
mdng giy d nliiem Idn va chi tdi cung cap rapt
phin eic etiit dinh dudng vo ca cbo dat, nhung
cung cd till thfte diy rfta tidi eic chit dinh dudng
quan tipng tft dit hoac tam "etiai dit" Cay vui ram
ra tryc tilp vao dit se giy hifn tugng bit dpng dinh
dudng tiong dit hoac tiong qua tiinh phan huy se
giy ra hien tiigng ngd ddc hftu ea cho ciy liia
O^guyln Ttiinh Hdi, 2008) Mdt sd ngtiidn cuu gin
day da cho thiy ram rg cd till phdi tidn vdi cac vat
lifu khac dl sdn xuat ktii sinh hpc (Chandra et al,
2012; Nguyin V6 Chiu Ngan et al, 2012; Nguyin
Van Thu, 2010), diy ti mot tiiln vpng tdn dl giai
quydt cic vin dl ve xft ly phd phim tiong ndng
nghifp ddng thai tii sft dyng ning lugng tft rom ra
mdt cich hidu qua nhit Vi till, viec tim bilu cic
phuong thfte sft dyng ngudn chit hiru ca tft rom ra
vi udc tinh lupng rom ra du thfta trdn ddng mdng
sau thu hogch li didu rit can thilt de cung cap
thdng tin lupng ram ra du thira cd thi tdi sft dyng
tidn ddng radng Vifc nghidn cftu dl tim ra giii
phip quin 1;^ hifu qua lupng rom du thiia sau thu
hogch la mdt van dd quan upng nliim ning cao
nang suit ndng nghifp, cii thifn ddi sdng ngudi
din v i giim thidu d nhiem mdi trudng
2 PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN c u t !
2.1 Thu thap sd lieu thd cap
So lifu thft cip ve difn tich Ifta, sin lupng Iiia
dugc tdng hpp tft Tdng cyc Thdng kd Viet Nam,
Giang, Ddng Thap, Cin Tha vi cae dd tii nghidn eihi cd lien quan
2.2 Phong vin nong hp Mdt tiam hd trdng Ida t ^ moi dia diem nghidn eftu: Chiu Thanh - An Giang, Gidng Ridng - Kidn Giang, Thip Mudi - Ddng Thip, Thdi Lai - Can Tha dugc lua chpn de thyc hien phdng vin Ndng
hp deu dugc chpn r^iu nhidn vi phdng vin true tidp thdng qua phieu phdng van soan san vdi cic npi dung chinh ve difn tich dit tidng liia, cic hinh thuc sft dung ram, bifn phap xft l^ rom sau thu hoach, sd vy lua san xuat trong nam, hinh thfte thu hoach, gidr^ Ifta sft dyng, nang suit,
Qui trinh phdng van dupe tien hanh qua cac budc:
Budc 1: Soan phieu phdng vin
- Budc 2: Tien hanh phdng vin thft 05 hd dan Udng lua dS kilm Ua tinh phft hgp cua philu phdng vin
- Budc 3: Hifu chinb phieu phdng vin cho phft hpp
— Budc 4: Tidn hanh phdng van tgi khu vuc dugc lya chpn
2.3 Xic dinh t j If rom rg: san lugng lia Trong qua Uinh phdng van va khao sat tidn hanh chpn nam rudng canh tac gidng liia phd bidn nhit Uong vung Mdi rudng chpn 05 d (Im x Im)
dk tiln hanh thu toan bp ram ra, hgt (rom ra tiong
gdc Ud len, khdng bao gdm phin rl), Sau khi xic djnh tipng lugng tuai, toan bg miu dugc dua ve phdng thi nghidm Khoa Mdi trudng vd Tai nguydn Thien nhien dl xac djnh tignglupng khd ^ _ 2.4 Phmmg phap tinli toan^a xir ly so lifu
2.4.1 Ty le ram rg:liia
T5' Id ram ra: liia dugc tinh theo cdng thdc:
R W^
W,
R: Ty le ram rg: lua Wr: trpng lugng khd cfta ram rg (kg) Wh: Upng lugng liia (im dp 14%) (kg)
2.4.2 Lugng rom rgphdt sinh sau thu hogch
Lugng ram ra phit sinh eia mdi vu dugc tinh theo cdng thfte sau:
Trang 3Lugng ram ra phit sinh = San lugng Ida * Ty Id
rom rg: liia (2)
2.4.3 Udc lugng rom rg ddt ngoai ddng
San lupng rom ra ddt ngoai ddng mdng dugc
udc tinh theo cdng thuc (Gadde et al., 2009):
Qs = Q p x R x k (3)
Trong do:
Qst: sin lugng rom ra ddt ngoai ddng mdng
(tin);
Qp: sin lugng liia (tin);
R: tj Id ram ra so vdi san lugng Iiia;
k: ^ If ram rg ddt ngoai ddng mdng so vdi
tdng sdn Iugng ram rg
2.4.4 Lugng khi thdi phdt thdi tu viec ddt rom
rg dugc udc tinh theo cdng thuc:
Ei = Qfl x Epi X Fco (4)
Trong do.'
Ei: lupng khi thai i phat thai vao mdi tnrdng
do ddt rom rg ngoii ddng rudng (tin);
EFi: he sd phat tiiii khi tiiii i tft vide ddt rom rg ngoai ddng mgng (g/kg) (cin eft tidn ket qui nghien eftu ciia Gadde et al (2009) vdi EC02
= 1464; ECO - 34,7; ENOx = 3,1);
Fco: ty If chimin ddi thanh khi thii khi ddt
ram ra Fco ^ 0,8 (Aalde et al., 2006; Gadde et al.,
2009)
3 KET QUA VA THAO LU4.N 3.1 Cic hinh thuc sir dung rom ra phd biln
d DBSCL Theo kdt qui khio sit d Bing I cho thiy co 6 bien phap xft ly ram dupe ngudi din lya chpn Ii: ddt rcfm Uen ddng, viii trong dat, tidng nam, ban, chin nudi vi cho ram 6 vy Ddng Xuin cd 4 hinh thue su dung rom la ddt rom, tidng nim, bdn vi cho ram Trong dd, cd 98,23% sd hd khio sit la ddt ram rg sau thu hogch, 0,99% ti tidng nim, 0,73% hp ban rom v i 0,06% hd Ii cho rom Kit qua khao sat cho thiy ddt rom li bifn phip duge sft dyng pho bien nhit d vy Ddng Xuin
Bang 1: Cac hinh thuc sudung rmn rg phd bidn qua cic mfta vu nam 2012
Hinh thuc
su dung
Dong Xuan He Thu Difn tich
(ha) Tyle
_1%L
Dien tich Tyle
Thu Bong Dien tich Tyll
JM
Ban
Dot
Trong nam
VCii trSn rugng
Cho
C h ^ nuoi
Bo trgn rufing
6,24 842,31
8,45 0,52
0,73 98,23 0,99
-0,06
10,92 768,98 10,79 57,01 9,69 0,13
1,27 89,67 1,26 6,65 1,13 0,02
-25,03 463,89 69,81 223,78 14,11 3,12 57,78
2,92 54,1 8,14 26,1 1,65 0,36 6,74 K6t qud thdng ke (Bang I) cho thay djvu He
Thu cd 6 hinh thfte sft dmig Tom; nhidu'hon Ddng
Xuan hai tiinh thfte li vui rom vd dung rom lam
hoach bing bidn phap ddt li 89,67%, viii la 6,65%,
sft dyng dl Udng nim Ii 1,26%, bin la 1,27%, chan
nudi la 0,02% va cho ngudi khac la 1,13% Ddt
ram vin la bidn phap xft ly phd bien nhit cua ndng
hp d vy He Thu Tuy nhien, ty If ddt rom da giam
di so vdi vy Ddng Xuin, giim tft 98,2% xudng cdn
89,7% (Bang I)
Vy Thu Ddng, cic tiinh thfte sft dur^ rom cua
ngudi din ta da dgng nhit so vdi cic mua vu khic
Uong nim O vy Thu Ddng, ddt ram vin chiem ty
tf Idn nhung di giam nhieu so vdi Ddng Xuan va
He Thu, ty If ddt rom giam ctii edn 54,1%, cie
bifn phip khac ngoii ddt rom diu tang ty If Ty If
sd hd tidng nam ting len 8,14%, bdn ram li 2,92%, chan nudi la 0,36% va cho rom li 1,65% (Bing I) Phuang phip sft dyng rom cua ngudi din va tj If pban tram mdi phuong phip sft dyng rom d cic mua vu trong nam la rit Idiac nhau Trong ba vy Ilia, ngudi din ddt rom d vy Ddng Xuin nhilu nhat Nguyen nhan li do thdi gian thu hogch vy Ddng Xuin cd thai tilt thuan Igi, Udi thudng ning gian chiy cung nhanh hon Vy He Thu v i Thu Ddng do thdi tiet khdng dugc thuan Igi nhu vy Ddng Xuin thudng cd mua nhieu nen t j If cic hp ddt rom giam, cic hd ndng din thudng ddt rom khi udi nir^ va ciy vui ram rg khi Udi mua Theo tgp quin canh tic, ngudi din ddt rom de vf sinh ddng mdng chuin bj sdn xuit vy tilp theo, ddng cho rudng
Trang 4Trong nhihig nam gdn diy, miy gat d|p hen
hgp dk vi dang dugc sft dung ngay cang nhilu tgi
cic tinh DBSCL Tuy nhien, lugng ram sau khi
diing miy gat dip lidn hgp de thu hogch dugc ddn
trii tidn raOng nen rit kho thu gom Vi viy, ngudi
dan thudng khdng thu gom mi ddt tryc tidp neu
thdi tiet ning, khd rio hoic vui I ^ nlu gap thdi
tiet bit Ipi nhu mua hay mdng ngap nude, Ben
canh dd, vy He Thu v i Thu Ddng Ii tiai vu lua
ehinh cung cip rom cho nhiing hd din tidng nim
nen vio hai vy nay ngudi mua ram nhieu Didu niy
giii thich cho vifc ^ If bin ram cao d mdt sd khu
vyc khdo sdt Tuy nhidn, ddi vdi nhin^ rudng gft
tay, do dilu kifn thdi tilt mua nhilu, giao thdng
khdng thuan tifn nen khdng the ban ram hay mang
rom ve nhi cho muc dich sft dyng, vi viy ngudi
dan bd ram ngoii ddng cho ram ty phin buy Kdt
qui didu tra cdn cho thiy da sd ndng din (hon
95%) ed kliuynh hudng gift nguyen tip quan ddt
ram trong eic nim tilp theo
Bang 2: Ty If hp dan sijr dung hinh thdc ddt rorm
tren dong rugng sau thu hogch
Phan tram so hp dot
„ -.s rom
Dja didm =ri —,—=r—
* Dong He Thu
Xuin Thu Ddng
Gidng Ridng- Kidn Giang 76 ^ 7
Thip Mudi- Ddng Thip 100 99 96
Thdi Lai - Cin Tha 100 94 5
Chau Thanh - An Giang 100 97 74
Trung binh 94 89 45,5
Kdt qua khio sit d cic khu vyc r ^ e n cftu vl
ty If ndng hd lya chpn bifn phip ddt rom tien ddn^
sau khi thu hogch dugc tilnh bay d Bang 2 Da sd
cic ndng hp deu chpn phuong phap ddt rom d vy
Dong Xuin va vy He 'liiu 6 vy Thu Ddng thi ty If
hf dot ddng it hon la do vao vu Thu Ddng cd mua
nhieu, khd khin tiong vifc ddt ddng 6 huyfn
Gidng Rilng, tj If hf ddt ram thip ban so vdi cac
huyfn khic do die thii dja hinh noi diy uung thap
phuang pliap vui rom vio di}
3.2 Khuynh hudng su dung rom rg ciia
ngudi dan d DBSCL
Khuynh hudn^ sft dung rom rg Uen ddng mdng
phy thupc rat nhidu vio sd vy canh tic liia Uong
ciia timg ndng hd, d cic ^ a phuang khao sat, dot
rom van li bifn phip ma ngudi din sft dung phd
biln nhit (Bdng 1), tiong 4 tinh thanh khao sat cd 3
khuynh hudng ddt rom li nhieu rdiit, Kien Giai^
ti dia phuang co lupng ram ra duge sft dung da dgng nhat
Bang 3: Khuynh hudng sir dung rum rg trong nhiing nam tiep theo
dung Bot Trong nam Ban hoac cho Vui rom Chan nuoi
Phan tram so ho Ddng XnSn 98,75 0,75 0,5
-He Thu 96,5 0,5 1,25 1,75
-Thu Bong 91,25 0,5 1,5 6,5 0,25 Ben canh hinh thfte ddt rom Uyc tilp tidn ddng mdng thi vui ram van la hinh thfte khd phd bien d DBSCL do die didm ve dilu kifn klti hgu Vy Ddng Xuin cd dilu kifn thuin Igi nhat cho vifc sin xuat liia tiong nam, ddng thdi khi thu hoach thudng CO nai^ ndng nen thu|in Im cho vifc ddt rom ngom ddng CI vu He Thu vi vy Thu Ddng do mua nhieu nen viec ddt ram Ididng thuin Igi nbu
vu Ddng Xuin, cae hf ndng din thudng chpn vui rom true tiep tien ddng mdng Cic hinh thfte sft dyng rom rg khac thi it dugc phd bien ban, phy thufc vio diSu kifn canh tic cda timg ndng hd Kdt qua khao sit cho thiy hiu nhu tit c i ngudi din ddu CO khuynh hudng lya chpn bifn phap ddt rom Uen ddng mpng cho cac nim tidp theo (Bang 3) Ket qua phong van cho thiy 98,75% (vy Ddng Xuin), 96,5% (vu He Thu) va 91,25% (vy Thu Ddng) hp dan se van lua chpn bifn phdp ddt rom nhihig nam tilp theo, tiong khi cie hmh thfte xft ly
ram khdc chidm ty/ If rit thip (Bing 3) Ket qua
356/400 hp (vy He Thu) vi 182/400 hd (vu Thu Ddng) ddt rom ti'dn ddng rupng sau thu hogch Ket qui khao sat cho tiiiy nhfn tilifte ciia ngudi din vl dnh hudr^ ciia ddt ram din mdi trudng con hgn ehl Ngudi dan lya chpn hinh thfte xft l;y rom bing phuang phap ddt phu thupc Idn vio dieu kifn thdi cua vftng DBSCL se inh budng Idn ddn mdi Uudng dit, khdng khi, irdi hudng sftc khde con ngudi va gdp phan lam gia tang biln ddi khi tiiu
(IPCC, 2007; Gadde et al, 2009), gay tang phi mpt
ngudn tai nguyen smh khdi to Idn (Ngd Thj Thanh Tnic, 2005) Vi vgy, xic djnh dupe khuynh budng sft dyng rom Uong cac mua vu tiep theo ciia ngudi
din la rit quan tipng &k cd nhftng kiln nghj, liifn
phap han che viec ddt rom ciia ngudi din, ddng
Trang 5thdi tai sft dyng ngudn tii nguyen niy mdt cich
hop ly v i hifu qui nhit
3.3 Udc tinh Iugng rom rg phat sinh sau
thu hogch
3.3.1 Ty li ram rg: lua
Ty If rom ra: lua duge tmh theo cdng thfte (I)
tgi cic dja dilm khao sat dao ddng uong khoang
0,92 - 1,33 Uong dd thip oliit la d Thai Lm vu
Ddng Xuin ty tf 0,92±0,10 va cao nhit l i d T h ^
Mudi vu Thu Ddng vdi ty Id I,33iO,09 (Bang 4)
Bang 4: Ty If rum rg: lua vu Thu Dong va vu Ddng
Ty If rom rg: lua cd lidn quan m§t thilt vdi giong lua v i nang su& lua d mdi mua vu Kdt qui n ^ d n cuu d Bang 4 cho thiy ty If rom ra d vy Ddng Xuin thudng t h ^ hon so vdi vy Thu Ddng, Dieu oiy cd till dugc ly giii Ii do d vu Ddng Xuan, Iiia cho nang suit cao nhit trong nim cdn vu Thu Ddi^ thudng cd ning suit thip Thip Mudi vi Chiu Thanh Ii bai dja phuang cd t j If rom rg: Ilia cao d hai miia vu, uong tdii dd Gidng Rieng vi Chau Thinh thi cd ty If thip hon (Bing 4)
Bja diem
Gi6ng Rieng - KiSn Giang
Thap Muoi- D^ng Thap
Th« Lai - CSn Tho
ChSu Thanh - An Giang
Trung binh
Thu Truug hiuh 1,02±0,07 1,33±0,09 1,08±0,05 1,21±0,12 1,16±0,08
Dong Lou nhSt 1,10 1,14 1,34 1,24
Nho nhat 0,92 1,27 1,01 1,12 1,08
Ddng Trung binh 0,98*0,11 1,28±0,09 0,92±O,10 1,27±0,10 1,11±0,0I
Xnln LAn
nhit
1,10 1,42 1,07 1,39 1,25
Nh6
nhit
0,85 1,19 0,80 1,21 1,01
So liiu dugc trinh bdy bdng TB±SD, n=25
3.3.2 Udc tinh lugng ram rg sau thu hogch
phdt sinh d cdc tinh BBSCL
Lugng icfm phit smh d cac tinh DBSCL dugc
udc tfnh tiieo cdng thfte (2) dya tidn san Iugng lua
ram rg: Ifta (Bing 4) Ty If rom ra: lua trung binh
cfta cac dja phuang khio sat duge sft dung dk udc
tinh lugng ram phat sinh cho c i DBSCL, Ket qui udc ti'nh cho thiy lugng ram phdt smh vao vy Ddng Xuan d cac tinh khao sit vi toin vung DBSCL nhilu hon so vdi vy Thu Ddng do tiong vy Ddng Xuan difn tich canb tic cQng nhu sin lugng cao hem so vdi vu Thu Ddng (Bdng 5) Bang 5: San lugng liia va udc tinh lugng rom rg phat sinh
Ban vj tinh: triiu tdn
Bia dilm
Kien Giang
Dong Thdp
can Tho
An Giang
SBSCL
Vu Thu Bong
San l u ^ g
liia'
0,20
0,02
1,62
Luyng rorm ra 0,20
0,03 1,88
Vu Ddng XuSn San lirQTng lua' 1,99 1,48 0,64 1,77 10,48
Liryng rom ra 1,96 1,36 0,82 11,70
Nam 2011 Sau Iirgng Ilia
= ' 3 , 9 4 -3,10 1,29 3,84 23,19
Lugmg rom r9
- "3,94 2,86 1,68 4,78 26,23
'Sdn lugng lua ciia cdc rinh dugc trich lir Tong cue Thdng ki (2012)
Theo udc tinh thi iugng rom phat sinh nam
2011 cua toin vimg DBSCL li 26,23 trifu tin,
Uong cic dia phuang khio sit thi nhieu nhit la tinh
An Giang (4,78 Uifu tin) v i thap ntiat la Can Tha
(1,68 trifu tin), sy khac bift vd lugng rom phit
sinh gifta cie vftng khao sit chu ydu l i do sy khic
bift vd difn tich canh tie giiia cic viing tiong nam
2011 Difn tich canh tic liia d An Giang li 603,9
nghin ha, con d Cin Tho la 224,7 nghin ha (Tdng
Cue Thdng Kd, 2011),
3.4 LTd-c ti'nh phat thai khi nba kinh khi ddt rom
Kdt qua khio ski trinh biy d Bing 1 cho thiy
da sd cac hp ddu cbpn phuang phip ddt rom d vy
ty Id hd ddt ddng it ban 6 huyen Gidng Rilng ^ If
hp ddt rom thip hon so vdi cic huyfn khic do d|c thft dia liinh tiung tiiip bdn cgnh chpn phuong phap
Trang 6Lugng rom ddt ngoai ddng (Bing 6) dugc udc
tinh dua theo ty If ddt rom vi Iugng rom phat sinh
d tftng vung theo cdng thfte (3) Ty If trung binh
dugc sft dung d l udc tinh cho quy md todn
DBSCL O hiu hit eic dja phuang Idiio sat Iugng
rom ddt ngoii ddng it d vy Thu Ddng vi nhidu d
rom ddt trong 3 vu cua c i viing DBSCL trong nam
2011 la 20,93 tiifu tin, trong do vy Ddng Xuan
it nhit Ii vu Thu Ddng 0,91 tiifu tin Troi^ cae dja
phuang khio sat thi Iugng rom dupe dot nhilu rtiiit
li tai An Giang 4,63 tiifu tin va it nhit li d Cin
Tha 1,20 Uifu tin Tai Kien Giang mic du cd
lugng ram phat sinh nhieu (3,94 trifu tin), nhung
lugng ram ngudi din ddt khdng cao do dja phuong
nay cd ty If hd chpn phuang phip ddt ram thip
(49,7%) (Bing 2)
Bang 6: Lirgng rom ddt ngoai ddog ciia cic tinh
va DBSCL
Bja dilm
Kien Giang
Can Tho
An Giang
BBSCL
Thu BSng
0,01
0,02
0,91
Dan vi tinh: >
Bdng Xutn 1,48 0,82 11,23
trieu tdn
2011 1,96 3,05 1,20 4,63 20,93
Lugng khi thai nha kinh tft vide dot rom dugc tinh theo cdng thfte (4) cd moi quan hf ty If thuan vdi lugng rom ddt Trong sd cae dja phuang khao sit thi An Giang cd Iugng phit thii khi nha kinh Idn nhit, thudng tip trung vao vy Ddng Xuin, thdi didm ma cd lupng ram phit sinh nhidu va tj tf hd Thip va Kien Giang thi cd tupng phat tiiii khi nhi kinh tuong duong nhau (tren 1100 nghhi tin khi CO2), cdn d Cin Tho thi cd lupng phit thdi thip nhit (703,23 ngliin tin khi CO2) Trong tiianh phin khi nha kinh phat sinh tft vide ddt rom thi khi CO2 ctiidm ly le tdn nhat, chiem tidn 97% tdng lupng CO2 phit smh cho toan vftng DBSCL li 17.949,57 nghin tin Trong do, vy Ddng Xudn ddng gdp 53,7% lupng khi CO2 sinh ra cua c i nim Lugi^
khi CO va NOx thi chilm ty If nhd trong tdng
lugng khi phit sinh (Bing 7)
Theo Vifn Khoa hpc Ndng nghifp Vift Nam (2010), mdi nam Iugng phit thdi khi nhd kinh tft boat dpng ndng nghifp la 65 trifu tan COi, chidm 43% tdng Iugng khi nhi kinh ciia cd nude Trong
do lupng khi CO2 phat thai tft ddt ram ciia DBSCL chilm khoang gan mdt phin ba lugng khi CO2 phit thii tu boat ddng ndng nghifp ciia ca nude
Bang 7: Lugng phat thai khi nhi kinh sau khi ddt rmn cua cac tinh va DBSCL
KiSn Giang
D^ng Thap
CanTho
;-An Giang
DBSCL
VuThu
COi
8,58
~ 17,15
780,42
BOng
CO 0,23
0,46 21,11
NO, 0,00
0,01 0,45
Vy Bong Xuka
COi 1.269,25 1.166,34 703,23 2.092,54 9.630,85
CO 34,34 19,02 56,61 260,54
NO, 0,73 0,67 0,41 1,21 5,57
Dm
Ca nam 2011 COi 1.680,90 2.615,68 1.029,12 3.970,69 17.949,57
I vj tinh:,
CO 45,47 70,76 27,84 107,42 485,58
nghin tdn
NO, 0,97 1,51 0,60 2,30 10,38
4 KET LUAN VA DE XUAT
4.1 Ketlngn
Ddt ram tryc tidp tidn ddng mfng li bien phap
xft ly ram phd bidn nhit hifn nay, Uong do miia vu
cd ^ If ddt rom cao nhit la Ddng Xuin, tilp din li
H^ Thu v i Thu Ddng T>' If ngudi din vfti rom trdn
tu^ng vk trdng nam cao nhit d vy Thu Ddng lin
lugt chilm 26,1% va 8,14%; tiong khi eic bifn
phap xft ly rom ra khac nhu chin nudi, bin hoic
cho li chilm t^ If rit thip Da sd ndng din deu ed
khuynh hudng gift nguyen tgp quin ddt ram tiong
cic nim tilp tiieo
Lugng ram rg phit smh d DBSCL hin^ nim Ii
ddt bd Vide nay giy lang phi ngudn sinh khdi ddi dio tft ndng nghiep va phat thai mpt lupng Idn khi CO2, CO, NOx vao biu khi quydn
4.2 Dd xuit Nghien eftu cac bifn phap tin dyng ngudn rom
rg sau thu hoach nbu sft dung dl san xuit khi smh hpc nhim han chd vifc ddt ram giy ling phi ngudn tii nguyen sinh khdi va d nhilm mdi trudng TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Aalde, H., (2006) Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use - Generic Methodologies Applicable to Multiple Landuse Categories Instimte for Global Environmental Strategies
Trang 72 Bp Tii nguyen vi Mdi trudng, 2010 Bao
cio Mdi tmdng Qudc gia nSm 2010 - Tdng
quan Mdi trudng Vift Nam
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UooeZeL9Whs Tmy cap ngay 18 thdng 11
nam 2013,
6 Ngd Thj Thanh Tnic, 2005 Dinh gia tie
dpng kinh td - mdi trudng eia tip qudn ddt
ram d Ddng bang sdng Cftu Long Luin van
thgc sT chuyen nginh Khoa hpc mdi trudng
Tmdng Dm hpc C§n Tha
7 Ngd Thj Thanh Tnic, 2005 Danh gia tic
dfng kinh te - mdi trudng ciia tip quan ddt
rom d Ddng bing sdng Cim Long Luan vin
thgc sT chuyen nganh Khoa hpc mdi trudng
Tmdng Dgi hpc Cin Tho
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chon vui ram ra tuai Uong dit ngip nude ddn
sinh tmdng eiia lua (Oryza sativa L.) d Ddng
bing sdng Cftu Long Luan in Tiln sT Ndng
nghifp Trudng Dgi hpc Can Tho, U 46-55
9 Nguydn Vin Thu,2010.Kltquibudcdiu
khio sat sft dung cic loai thyc vgt de sin
xuit kbi smh hpc pjiogas) Kj- ydu khoa hpc Khep kin cac qui tiinh tuin hoin dinh dudng ve chit co ban vd hgi ddn vf sinh tft cac be thdng thuy Ipi phi tgp trung d Ddng bing sdng Md Kdng (SANSEDII) 01/2010 Tr 8 8 - 9 2
I O.Nguyen V6 Chiu Ngin, 2012 Khi ning sft dyng lye bmh vi rom lam nguyen lifu ngp
bd sung cho him ft biogas Tap ctu Khoa hoc 2012:22a 213-221 Dai hpc Cin Tha
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2010 http://www,vaas,org.vn/khai-giang- lop-tap-huan-cac-bien-phap-tiem-nang- giam-thai-kbi-nha-kinh-tiong-san-xuat- nong-nghiep-tai-thanh-pho-ho-ehi-minh-a6660.html Tmy cap ngay 15/04/2014
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