Tap chi Khoa hoc DHQGHN Khoa hoc Tu nhien \ a Cong ngh? Tap 30 S6 2 (2014) 33 39 Cac vdn d̂ trong phat tri^n dien gio 6 Viet Nam Nghien cuu tu truong hop Nha may dien gio Binh Thuan Nguyin Thi Hoang L[.]
Trang 1Cac vdn d^ trong phat tri^n dien gio 6 Viet Nam - Nghien cuu
tu truong hop Nha may dien gio Binh Thuan
Nguyin Thi Hoang Lien^*, Pham Manh Cucmg^
^Khoa Moi trudng Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Tif nhien, DHQDHN 334 Nguyin Trai, Hd Ngi, Viet Nam
^Trung tdm quan trdc moi trudng Quang Ninh
Nhan ngay 02 thdng 01 nSm 2014 Chinh siia nga> 16thangOI nam 2014; Chap nhan dSngngay 30 thangOl n5m 2014
Tdm t^t; Bai bao phSn tich cac vin de lien quan d^n phat trien dien gio tai Xha may dien gio Ion
p h ^ phan tich he thong voi phan tich SWOT d l xem xet va danh gia mot each day dii nhihig khac phuc nhihig kho khan hien t^i, thuc day su phat trien hieu qua cho dien gio khu v u c Nhiing van de dugc phan tich trong nghiSn ciJu dong thoi se la nhung bai hoc va kinh nghiem huu ich cho cSc du an phat trien dien gio trong tuong lai cua Viet Nam
Tir khoa: Dien gio, nSng lugng tai tao, SWOT
Theo chuong Irinh danh gia nang lugng 6
Chau A ciia NgSn hang T h i giai, Viet Nam co
tiem nang doi dao ve nSng lugng gio khoang
513.360 M W ; trong do tap tnmg nhilu a cac
tinh Nam Trung bo, dong bang song Cuu Long,
Tay Nguyen va khu vuc cac dao [1] Voi tilm
nang Ion ve nang luong gio, Viet Nam co hang
chuc du dn Idiai thac nang lugng gio (m6i d u an
CO cong s u i t tir 6-150MW) da dugc lap tai Bmh
Dinh, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, Khanh Hoa
voi s6 v6n d i u tu len den hang tram trieu do la
My Tuy nhien hSu het cac du an noi tren, qua
nhieu nam, v i n dang trong tinh trang dinh tre
hoac cham thi cong D i n nay moi chi co Nha
may phong dien 1 tai huyen Tuy Phong, tinh Binh Thuan, vai quy m o Ion nhat khu vuc Dong Nam A da dugc dua vao hoat dgng Ngoai ra, con CO Nha may dien gio Bac Lieu ciing moi dugc d u a vao van hanh voi cong suit nho Thuc
te cho thay con nhieu kho khan trong viec phat
trien dien gio a Viet Nam n h u nhirng v i n dh v6
c a che, chinh sach dau t u xay dung d u an, v6n,
khoa hoc k j thu^t va dac biet la v i n dS vh d i u
ra (gia thanh) cua dien gio Trong khuon khd ciia bai bao nay, cac tac gia se t i l n hanh phan tich v a danh gia mgt each toan di^n nhimg thugn Igi va kho khan, cac c o hgi va thach thiic doi vai phat friln dien gio o Viet Nam noi chung thong qua nhiing phan tich va nghien cuu truong hgp dien gio o Binh Thuan qua thirc t i l n trien khai trong nhiing nam qua
Tac gia lien he DT: 84-936234533
Trang 22 Phuvng phap ngbien cu-u
Phuong phap chinh dugc sii dung trong
nghien ciiu la phan tich SWOT, giiip cho viec
lam r6 4 van de (Strength - Diem manh,
Weakness-Diem yeiu Opportunity-Co hgi
Threat - Thach thiic) de lya chgn phuong an
hay giai phap toi uu [2] Cung vcri phan tich
SWOT, nghien ciiu sic dung phuong phap phan
tich cac ben iien quan de lam ro cac van de
trong viec phat triSn dien gio a Binh Thuan
hien nay nhu: cac doi tugng, thanh p h ^ quan
trgng anh huong den viec phat trien dien gio,
cac thu|n Igi, kho khan, thach thuc dat ra cho
viec phat trien dien gio khu virc
3 Ket qua nghiSn ciru va thao luin
3.1 Phdn tich cdc ben lien quan den viec phdt
trien di$n gio a Binh Thudn
Cac ben lien quan den viec phat trien dien
gio a Binh Thuan dugc thS hi^n trong Bang I
duoi day
Bang 1 Vai tro va tac dong cua cac ben lien quan
den phat trien dien gi6 cr Binh Thuan
Cac ben
lien
quan
Chinh
cdc cdp
Cdc hp
ddn
trong
viing d(c
an
Ban
quan ly
difdn
dien gio
(nha
REm
Anh hnrong ciia c i c
ben lien quan d i n
d v a n
Anh huong true tiep
cac chinh sach phat
trien
Viec cac ho dan
khong ung ho se gay
nhting kho khan
nhit dinh
Quylt dinh viec
thuc hien du an tir
ban dau, su phat
trien ciia du an ve
sau
T£c dSng ciia
dir ia din cdc
bSn liSn quan Dem den sir dau
tu til cac nha dau tu trong va ngoai nuoc Tac dgng true tiep len dai song cua nhSn dan (khong gian s6ng, viec lam ) Dem lai igi nhuan kinh te
Tap dodn diin luc Viet Nam (EVN)
Chinh phti
Cdc phuong tien thong tin dai chung Dai khi tuang thuy vdn
Cac nhd tdi tra
D6i tac CO quyen mua dien duy nhat 6 den dau ra ciia dien gio-mgt yeu t i quan tri va phat trien dien gio Ngoai ra, cac
du an dien gio mudn dugc c3p phep deu phai yeu cau ki thoa thuan mua ban dien voi EVN Tac dgng den du an
va chinh sach Giiip dua cac thong tin ve tiem n5ng phat trien dien gi6 den voi cac nha diu
tu Cung cap nhirng thong tin quan trong giiip xac dinh tiem nang nang lugng gio, vi tri dat cac nha may, tua bin gio
Dau tu nguon vin duan
Dem lai mgt lugng dien ddi dao, it gay tac dgng moi trudng
Gop phan thuc hien muc tieu nSng lugng quoc gia
Cung cap mgt phan nguon ngSn sach hoat dong
Dem l^ii nguin Igi nhan neu du
in kha thi
3 2 Phdn tich cdc vdn de lien quan din phdt trien di?n gio d Binh Thudn
3.2.1 Diem manh (Strength)
SI Chinh quyen dia phuong co nhirng chu truong, chinh sach khuyen khichphdt trien dien gio
- Quy hoach phat trien di|n gio tren dia ban
tinh giai doan 2010-2015 co xet din nam 2020
- Quy dinh quan ly nha nuoc ve "Khao sat, nghien ciiu va dau tu dien gio" de thong nhat ap dung tren dia ban tinh
- Van ban s6 2418/QD-UBND \k viec phe
duyet dieu chinh quy hoach sii dyng dat den
Trang 3nam 2010, kl hoach sir dung dit ky cuoi giai
doan 2006-2010 huyen Tuy phong
- Quy hoach phat triln nganh du lich voi
tam nhin 2015-2020, UBND huyen Tuy Phong
da dl xuit nang dien tich cac dir an phong dien
len tren 1.000 ha (nay moi chi dat 100 ha) de
cong nhan thanh khu du lich, thay vi diem du
Uch nhu hien nay dl co miic diu tu xung tim
hon
52 Khu v^c Binh Thanh, Tuy Phong co doi
bd biin ddi co tiim ndng ndng lugng gid lan,
quy ddi phdt trien xdy dung Idn
- Chilu dai ba biin Tuy phong la 50 km
(bing 26% chilu dai bo biin Bmh Thuan) T6C
dp gio a khu vuc Binh Thanh, Tuy Phong do a
do cao 60-80m la tii 6 din 8,5 m/s (trung binh
dat 6,7 m/s) rit I^ tuong cho viec phat dien (voi
t6c dfl gio 3-4 m/s thi canh quat da co the quay
va phat dien [3]
- M^t d6 dan s6 xa Bmh Thanh, huyen Tuy
Phong chi la 107 nguai/km' nen dl dang trong
vi^c giai phong mat blng xay duiig, giam bat
nguy CO tac dgng ciia du an len con nguoi Phia
d6ng nam tinh Binh Thuan con vung doi cat
ven biin rgng hon 50 nghin ha chua sii dung
thich hgp cho viec xay dung nha may phong
di^n [4]
53 Khu vuc it cdc thien tai nhu mua bdo
lan, dong ddt
- Tir nam 1954-2008, so can bao do bg vao
khu v\rc moi nam lan nhat la 1 va s6 con bao co
tac dgng true tiep va tac dgng Ion la rat hiem
nhu con bao so 11 nam 2009
54 Dien gio Id nguon ndng luang tdi tao
sgch cua tirang lai it gdy tdc dgng tdi moi
trudng vd sire khde con ngucri
- Di^n gio ciing tranh dugc viec tiiai cac
chat doc hai ra moi truong, dac biet la khong
- Tac dgng it toi moi truong dat dai: cac hoat dgng nong nghifp, cong nghiep, du lich vin CO thi phat triln xung quanh khu v\rc do
3.2.2 Dilm yeu {Vi/eakness)
WI Mat dg ndng luang cua phong di?n (duoc do bdng yeu cdu ddt tren mgt dan vi ndng luong duac sdn xudt) Id thdp so vai ndng luang hoa thach vd mgt so ndng lu(mg khdc W2 Qud trinh van hdnh co the gdy tieng 6n, hg dm gdy dnh huong den sua khde con ngudi
W3 Gia thdnh phdt di^n con cao hon so vai cdc nguSn dien khdc (nhu thuy dien, nhiet dien) nen sir canh tranh con thdp
- Hien nay, dien gio co gia khoang 2000
VND/kwh cao hon nhilu so voi thuy dien (300 VND/kwh) va nhiet dien (500 VND/kwh)
W4 Ngudn ddu tu ban ddu tuang doi lan
- Chi phi diu tu cho dign gio vao khoang 2
trieu d6 la My/MW trong khi diu tu cho thiiy dien chi cin khoang 1,3 trieu do la My/MW [5]
- Dl vSn hanh nhiing nha may di?n gi6, REVN phai dua cong nhan, ky su sang Diic dao tao Toan bg thiet bj cho cong trinh dien gio diu phai nhSp khau tir Diic va phai thu8 chuyen gia nuac ngoai sang lap rap va chuyen giao kj thuat van hanh, siia chiia
W5 Chi phi bdo dir&ng tuang doi lan do chiu dnh huong nhieu cua dieu kiin tu nhien
- Tuoi thg trung binh cua tua-bin la 20 nSm,
trong thai gian hoat d^ng cin phai bao tri, giam sat thirang xuyen [5]
W6 Thieu cdc he thong die lieu tin cgy ve ndng lugng gio, cong nghe cao vai muc gid chdp nhan duac
- Hien co 30 don vi do nang lugng gi6 ciia Viet Nam, nhung cac to chiic n&y chua phoi
Trang 4chuan do dac Hi?n nay tat ca cac tram do gio
chu yeu o Viet Nam deu do bang may cim tay
a dg cao 12 met Tuy nhien, is do cao nay gio bi
anh huong nhieu boi dia hinh xung quanh, mat
khic che do do khong dugc li6n tuc [5]
3.2.3 Co hOi (Opportunity)
01 Tham khdo y kien nguoi ddn vd cdc
chuyen gia co kinh nghiem de dua ra cdc huong
phdt trien dien gio hgp ly
02 Su ddu tu, giiip da cua cdc to chuc
trong nude va ngoai nude vi mgi nguon lifc
(von, congngh^)
- Nguon kinh phi tii QuJ bao ve m6i truong
Viet Nam
- T6 chiic Hgp tac KJ thuat Diic (GTZ) h§
trg 1 trilu euro cho Viet Nam thuc hien du an
"Xay dimg khung phap I>f va h§ trg kj thuat
chg diSn gig noi luoi tai Viet Nam"' trong giai
doan 2009-2011 [6]
03 Mgt so uu ddi cho cdc du an ndng
lugng tai tao
- Quylt dinh s6 18/2008/QD-BCT cua Bg
Cong Thuang ve viec ban hanh Quy djnh ve
bieu gia chi phi tranh dugc va Hgp dong mua
ban dien mau ap dung cho cac nha may dien
nho sii dung nang lugng tai tao
- Quylt dinh 130/2007/QD-TTg vl m6t s6
ca chi chinh s^ch tai chinh d6i voi du an dau tu
theo ca che phat trien sach (ca che ho gia)
- Thong tu lien tich s6
58/2008/TTLT-BCT-BTN&MT huong din thuc hien mgt s6 dilu
ciia quylt dinh s6 130/2007/QD-TTg
- Quylt dinh s6 74/QD-DTDL ban hanh
bilu gia chi phi tranh dugc nam 2009 dp dung
cho cac nha may dien nho sii dung nang lugng
tai tao dau n6i voi luoi dien quoc gia dap ling
cac dieu kien ap dung quy dinh tai Quyet ditih
s6l8/2008/QD/BCT
04 Nimng khuyen khich vd khung phdp ly ddn tdi thi truong canh tranh co the dugc nhd nuac xdy d\mg ti'ong tuong lai
- Quylt dinh s6 26/2006/QD-TTg phe duyet
10 trinh, cac dieu kien hinh thanh va phat trien cac cap dg th| truong dien luc tai Viet Nam
- Quyit dinh sd 30/2006/QD-BCN cua Bo Cong nghiep ve viec ban hdnh guy dinh vi quan
ly ddu tu xdy dung cdc du dn dien doc Idp
- Nghi dinh so 78/2007/ND-CP vl diu ur
theo hinh thiic hgp dong xSy dung-kinh doanh-chuyen giao, hgp dong xay dimg-doanh-chuyen giao-kitih doanh, hgp dong xay dtmg-chuyen giao
- Quylt djnh s6 IlO/2007/QD-TTg phe duyet Quy hogch phat trien dien luc Quic gia giai doan 2006-2015 co x^t din 2025
- (Juy hoach ting the phat trien nang lugng tai tgo, trong do d^t muc tieu den nam 2020, san lugng diln tai tao chiem khoang 5% tong nguon dien
05 Nhu cdu vi dien ndng tir nguon ndng lugng tdi tao cua Viet Nam se tdng manh trong nhung ndm tdi day
- Trong vong 20 -30 nam tai, trii lugng diu
tho va khi thien nhien ciia Viet Nam se can kiet
- Du doan Viet Nam se phai nhip khiu khoang 100 nghin tin than/nam khi cdc dir an nhiet dien hien nay di vao san xuat
- Nhu cdu ve di6n cua Viet Nam sS tang tii 17-20 % trong thoi ky tii 2010-2015 Moi nam Viet Nam cin khoang 4000MW bo sung vao luai dien quoc gia [7]
3.2.4 Thach thiic (Threat)
Tl Viec cgnh tranh mdt bdng xdy d\rng vdi cdc dir dn phdt trien kinh te
- Du dien tich ciia cac du an dien gio cua
Binh Thuan chi chiem khoang gin 10% dien tich quy hoach phai tham do tru lugng cat den
Trang 5(titan), nhung cac du an dien gio vIn phai cho,
boi theo thong bao cua Van phong Chiiih phti
ngay 8/8/2008: "Trong khi chua co kit qua
khao sat ciia Bg Tai nguyen va Moi truong thi
tinh chua dugc cap phep dau tu them cac du an
moi CO lien quan" [8]
72 Dien Id ddu vdo cho cdc nganh sdn xudt
dich vu dong thai Id mat hang mang tinh xa hgi
do Nhd nuac quyit dinh gid Them vdo do Id su
doc quyen cua EVN trong mua bdn dien vd gid
mua diin cung chua phdn dnh ddy du cdc chi
phi (xd hgi vd moi irucmg)
- Gia ban le dien con thap do chua phan anh
day du nhung chi phi ve moi truong va xa hgi,
lam anh huong den kha nang kinh te va kha
nang canh tranh ciia cac du an dien gio
T3 Rdo can ve co chi chinh sach vd to
chuc thjfc hi?n
- Cac quy dinh khat khe doi voi cac du an
dien doc Igp: Nha dau tu phai dugc van ban
chap nhan mua dien ciia EVN truac khi trinh ca
quan cho cap phep dau tu; Phai c6 dugc cam ket cho vay von ciia to chiic tin dung, ngan hang truac khi dugc cip giay chiing nhan diu tir [9]
- He th6ng van ban phap luat, co chi chinh sach ve phat triSn dien gio chua dong bg, chua
CO quy hoach phat triln dien gio nen m6i du dn diu phai xin Bg Cong thuang de lap thii tuc b6 sung quy hoach moi dugc tri6n khai [9]
- Chua CO co quan tap trung d6 dieu tiet hoat dgng phat trien va su dung nSng lugng gio
T4 Anh hudng cua thien tai tai hogt dgng ciia cdc nhd mdy dien gio
- Voi tinh hinh khi hau biin doi phiic tap
nhu hien nay, viec xuat hien cac thiSn tai bSt thuong ciing cin dugc can nhic, the hien qua so con bao do bg vao khu vuc ngay cang co tac dgng Ion hon va tan suat gia tang tir 2004-2008 Tong hgp cac van de lien quan den phat
trien dien gio a Binh Thuan tu cac phan tich
tren dugc trinh bay trong Hinh 1
1 Mai d$ nang lugng ciia dien gio thip hem so voi ning lugng hoa th^ch vk mgt so nSng lugng
khac
2 Qua Uinh v^n hanh co thi gSy tiSng 6n anh huong din si>c khde con ngu&i
3 Gia thanh phat di^n con cao han so vol cdc ngu6n di^n khac
4 NguSn dSu tu ban dau, chi phi bao ducmg tuong d6i Ion
5 Thilu cac he th6ng dO ii6u tin c|y v l nang lugng gi6, c6ng nglie \di miic gii tit
1 Chfnh quyen co chii truong, chinh sach
33y m^nh phat trien diSn gio
2._ Khu vgc Tu\' Phong vdi bo biln dai c6
tiem nang nSng tugng gio Icm, quy dit phai
trien xay dgng lan
J Khu vuc it cac thien tai nhu mua bSo \dn,
dgng dti
i Difn gio la ngu6n nSng lugng tai tao
sgch, it gay tac dgng tdi m6i trucmg va s
khoe con ngucri
lec c^nh tranh mat bang xSy d^mg vdi dir an phat triln kinh te khdc
Rao can v l ca chi chinh sdch va to chiic
thuc hien
Su dpc quyin mua ban di^n ciia T|p d o ^ dien luc Vi6t Nam (EVN) cac quy djnh ciia nha nuac v l tinh gid san xuit di^n chua thyc
su hop ly
4 Anh hudng ciia cac thien tai bit thuimg
1 Y k i e n n g u ^ dan \'a cac chuyen gia c6 kinh nghiem
2 Su dau tu, giiip d5 ciia cac to chiic trong va ngoai nude vk moi ngudn luc
3 Mgt so uu dai cho cdc du an nang lugng idi tao
4 Khung phap ly huong tdi thi truong canh tranh co thi dugc nha nude xay dung trong tuong
5 Nhu cau vh dien nang tir nguon nang lugng tai tao se tang ra^nh trong tuong lai
Trang 64 Ket luan va kiln nghi
Tir cac phan tich tren day chg thay Viet
Nam noi chung va Binh Thuln noi rieng co rit
nhieu thuan Igi va co hoi trong phat triln dien
gio Tuy nhien, qua thuc tien triln khai con g?p
phai nhilu kho khan va thach thiic vl v6n, c6ng
nghe, nhan lire Nghien ciiu dl xuit mgt s6
kien nghi nham nfing cao hiSu qua phat triln
dien gio a khu vyc Binh Thu^n va tren ca nuac
cu the nhu sau:
- Chinh quyen dia phuong cSn phoi hgp voi
cac nha dau tu, cac ca quan khi tugng thuc hiln
cac nghien ciiu ve tiem nang diSn gio 6 khu vuc
mgt each cu thS, va can thuc hiSn cac bien phap
tuyen truyen, quang ba vl tiem nang dien gio
ciia dia phuong den cac nha diu tu
- Chinh quyIn dia phuong cin phai xay
dung mgt chien luge phat trien dien gio chi tilt
voi muc tieu cu the va kha thi, phii hgp voi dilu
kiSn dia phuang, va can tilp tuc dua ra cac
chinh sach khuyin khich phat triln cac du an
dien gio
- Quy hoach dien gio can tan dung cac vung
dat phii hgp cho cac du an dien gio, tranh xung
dgt vdi cac dir an hoac loai hinh sii dung dat
khac 6 dia phuang
- Nha nuac, chinh phu can tiep tuc thuc
hien cac uu dai cho cac du an nang lugng
gio-de tang sue canh tranh cho dang nang lugng tai
tao nay voi cac dang nang lugng truyen thong
khac Chinh phii co the dai dien keu ggi su dau
tu, giiip d5 ciia cac to chiic trong va ngoai nuoc
d6i vai cac du an dien gio
- Nha nuac can thanh I$p co quan hay to
chiic d6c lip tu van ve ky thuat va chien luge
kinh te cho cac du an dien gio, can day nhanh
qua trinh thi truong hoa ve san xuit va mua ban
dign trong ca nuoc, tirng buac xay dimg thi truong canh tranh
- Nha nuoc c^n cung co M thSng ban nganh
lien quan, cac van bin, chinh sach hinh thanh
ca quan quan ly nha nuoc dieu tilt hoat dgng
xay dung vk phat triln dien gio Dong thai xoa
bo nhung rao can chua hgp ly
- Cac CO quan y te can thuc hi#n nhung danh gia anh huong den siic khoe nhan dan khu vuc du an
Tai lieu tham khao [1] Nguyen Chan Giac, Dau la rao can doi vdi phat trien nang lugng tdi t ^ d Viet Nam, Tap chf 16-18
[2] Nguyen Dinh Hoe, Vu Van Hieu, 2005, Tiep can
he thong trong nghiSn cmi m6i trudng \h phat
trien, NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi
[3] Vi^n Chien luge phat trien, Danh gia hieu qua
dy an dSu tu xay dyng cong trinh Phong diSn 1 -Binh Thuan theo co che phat trien sach, 2007 [4] http ://wWW chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinh phu/cactinhvathanhpho/linhbinhthuan [5] Tran Son Nghia Giai bai todn: gia thanh cao — gia bdn thap, http://www.thesaigontimes.vn/ Home/xahoi/sukien/2 6613 /Gi ai -bai -toan-gi a-thanh-cao-gi a-ban-thap htm I [6] GIZ, Du an nang lugng tai tao http://www, rene wabl eenergy.org.vn/index.phpTm act=Ne ws, cnmtOI,detail,0&cntnt01anicleid=37&cntnt01or igid=]28&cntnt0ldetailtemplate=wind_energy_i n_vietnam_vn&cntnt01retumid=l 28 [7] Vien Nang lugng, Quy hoach dien VII Nhin djnh, de xuat ban dau cho trien khai hieu chinh http ://nangluongv ietnam vn/ne ws/v n/hoi -thao- truc-tuyen/quy-hoach-dien-vii-nhan-dinh-de-xuat-ban-dau-cho-trien-khai-hieu-chinhhlml [8] Dang Dung, Trao doi y kien: Titan d Birih ThuSn -khai thdc hay khong kbai thac? httpV/baohinhthuan com vn/vn/de!auh.aspx?oews_id=32852 [9] Oliver Massmann, Cac tid ngai phap ly doi vdi phat liien ning lugng tai tao d Viet Nam Duane Morris LCP 2007
Trang 7Problems of Wind Power Development in Vietnam - Lessons
Learnt from Binh Thuan Wind Power Plant
Nguyin Thi Hoang Lien\ Pham Manh Cucmg^
^Faculty of Environmental Sciences, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyin Trdi Hanoi, Vietnam
^Centre for Environmental Monitoring, Quang Ninh Province
Abstract: This paper analyzes the issues related to development of wind power at Binh Thuan wind power plant which is the largest wind power plant in Southeast Asia The research applies systematic analysis methods with SWOT to review and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of wind power development in Binh Thuan It also proposes a number of solutions to overcome the current difficulties in order to promote efficient development of wind power in the region These issues would be useful lessons and experiences for the future projects of wind power development in Vietnam
Keywords: Wind power, renewable energy, SWOT