JOURNAt OF COMMUNITY MEOICINE YHOC CONG DONG 2015 PHAN TICH MOT SO YEU TO UEN QUAN DEN HANH VI BAO VE MOI TRUdNG CUA DONG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO TINH THAI NGUYEN Pham Hong Har, Phqm Huy Dung'''' TOM TAT Ng[.]
Trang 1JOURNAt OF COMMUNITY MEOICINE
YHOC CONG DONG 2015
PHAN TICH MOT SO YEU TO UEN QUAN DEN
HANH VI BAO VE MOI TRUdNG CUA DONG
BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO TINH THAI NGUYEN
Pham Hong Har, Phqm Huy Dung'
TOM TAT:
Nghifn cihi dupc tifn hanh tren 129 hd gia dinh tai xa
Phucmg Giao, huyfn Vo Nhai, tinh Thai Nguyfn Phucmg
phap nghifn ctiu rad ta thift kf cdt ngang, phdn tich moi
lifn quan vdi cac yeu td bang test -f Kft qua nghifn
cim cho thdy Ngudi dan toe thifu sd chifm 55,8% Nghf
nghifp chu yfu la Idm rupng (79,1%), ho gia dinh ngheo
chifm 42,6% Ngudn nude sinh hoat: mang Ian 78,3%;
cd 5,4% nude sudi va 3,9% nude ao ho Ty If khong
cd ho xi (94,6%), khdng cd nhd tam (66,6%); tha rdng
gia siie chifm 47,3% Cd 89,1% hp gia dinh khdng cd
kifn thiic vf vf sinh mdi trudng Ty If khdng xii Iy rac
chifm 66,7%; 41,1% hd gia dinh sir dung phan tuoi bon
rudng; 84,5% hp gia dinh sii dung hda chat trong trdng
trpt; 82,9% rira dung cu sau khi phun hda chdt tai sudi,
ao, rudng, muong Thoi quen phdng ue bira bat chifm
86% Nhdn lire y tf: Can bd tram y tf tham gia truyfn
thdng ehilm 31,7%, nhdn vifn y tf thdn bdn 63,4%, cdng
tac vifn ddn sd 4,7% Ngudn thdng tin: Phdn Idn ngudi
dan tai cac hf gia dinh khdng dupc nghe truyfn thong vf
vf sinh mdi trudng, trong do khdng dupc nghe vf xu ly
rdc chifm 91,5%; xii ly phan chilm 90,7%; xii ly ngudn
nude chiem 83,7% Co mdi lifn quan chat che giiia nghf
nghifp, difu kifn kinh te, yfu td ddn tpc, kifn thiic, thai
dp ciia ngudi dan va ngudn thdng tin vf sinh mdi trudng
md ngudi dan nhan dupe vdi hanh vi vf sinh mdi trudng (p < 0,01), Khuyen nghi; Tram y te can day manh hoat dpng truyfn thdng ve vf sinh moi trudng den timg hd gia dinh Cdc cdp chinh quyfn vd ede ban nganh doan the can quan tdm ban nu:a dfn cdng tde vf sinh mdi trudng ciia dia phucmg nhu chi dao cdc boat ddng, cap kinh phi, dao tao can bf Ho trp, khuyfn khich, hudng ddn ngudi dan
tu xti Iy nguon nude stnh hoat, xir ly rde thai Sir dung hda chat trong trdng trpt, chan nudi ddm bdo an toan cho siic khde cho gia dinh va cpng ddng
ABSTRACT:
The study was conducted on 129 households at Phuong Giao Commune, Vo Nhai district Thai Nguyen province Methods of study was cross-sectional desenptive design,
analysis with respect to the elements by the •^ test Research
results showed that: Ethnic minorities accounted for 55.8% Main occupation is farming (79.1%), poor households accounted for 42.6% Source water: bamboo tube water 78.3%; stream water 5.4% and 3.9% water ponds No toilets (94.6%), no batiiroom (66.6%) Cattie grazing accounted
L Vien Kinh te y tf va Cac van de xa hgi, DH Thai Nguyen
2 Vifn Chien lu(jfc va Chinh sdch y te, B6 V te
ynhdnbai: 17/06/2015 | Ngay phan bifn: 23/07/2015 | Ngay duyet dang: 03/08/2015
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for 47.3% Having 89.1% of households have no
knowledge of sanitation The rate not use waste
accounted for66.7%; 41.l%ofhousdioldsuse fotilizer fresh
for fields; 84.5% of households use chemicals in cultivation;
82.9% wash equipment after spraying chemicals in
streams, ponds, fields, and ditches Habits defecate
indiscriminately accoimting for 86% Human resources
for health: health staff participating media accounted
for 31.7%, 63.4% of village health woricers, collaborators
over 4.7% Sources of mformation: The majority of
people in the household are not listening and
communication on environmental sanitation, which
is not about handle waste accounted for 91.5%; in stool
processing 90.7%; about water treatment 83.7% There is
a close relaUonship between occupation, economic
conditions, ethnic factors, knowledge and attitude of
people and the source of sanitation information people
receive with environmental hygiene behavior (p <0.01)
Recommendation: CHCs (Commune Health Centres)
should promote activities and communication
on environmental sanitation to every household
Levels of government and corporate departments
need to pay more attention to the work of local
environmental sanitation as directing the activities,
funding, staff training Support, encourage and guide
people to use water resource management, waste
Using chemicals for crops, livestock safety for family
and community health
LDATVANDE
Huyfn V6 Nhai, tinh Thdi Nguyen la huyfn vung
eao ddc bift khd khdn, la noi cu tni ciia 4 ddn tpc: Dao,
Niing H'Mdng vd ngudi Kinh Thu nhdp chii yfu Id tii
chdn nudi vd trdng trpt, cdc chuong trinh ve sinh mdi
trudng chua dupc ngudi ddn quan tam nfn nguy co mde
cdc bfnh lifn quan den vf sinh mdi trudng cao Nhiing
nguyfn nhdn nhu trinh dp dan hi thap, kinh tf ngheo
ndn, canh tde ndng nghifp lac hau, thifu ngudn thdng
tin, cdc chuong trinh vf sinh mdi trudng chua dupc thuc
hifn dfu dan tdi tung hp gia dinh, thifu nhdn luc y tf
da anh hudng khdng nhd dfn nhdn thuc cua ngudi dan
vf vf sinh mdi trudng Bfn canh dd, cdc yfu td vdn hda
- xa hoi nhu mdt sd tap quan, thdi quen khdng cd Ipi cho siic khde vdn tdn tai tir nhifu thf hf trude df lai Do dd, nghifn curu vf vf sinh mdi trudng ndng thdn mifn niii td hft siic can thift va quan trpng cho qua trinh du phdng
vd ngan chan cac nguy co mde cdc bfnh cd lien quan dfn vf sinh mdi trudng gdy ra
Muc tifu:
1 Md td thuc trang ve sinh mdi trudng tai mpt sd xa mifn nui tinh Thdi Nguyfn
2 Phdn tich mdt sd yfu td Hfn quan dfn vf sinh moi trudng tai dia ban nghifn ciiu
n DOI TirptNG VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ
1 Doi tuvng nghien ciiu: Cdc hp gia dinh
2 Dia diem nghifn cijii: Xa Phuang Giao, huyfn V6 Nhai, Thai Nguyfn
3.Thdi gian nghifn cihi: 12 ttiang (tir 12/2013-12/2014)
4 Phirong phdp nghifn cihi: Phuong phdp md td theo thift kf cat ngang,
5 Phutmg phap chpn mau:
- Cd man: Theo cdng thuc:
Z V a / , ) p ( l - p )
p = 0,05 Theo nghifn ciiu ciia Bp Y tf cd 5% so hp gia dmh tai cae xa mifn niii phia Bdc cd hd xi hpp vf sinh[l]
q = 1 - p - 0,95
d la do tin cay, d = 0,05 (a = 0,05 Zj - o/j = 1,96; df chinh xdc mong muon 95%)
Thay vdo cdng thirc tinh duoc n = 73 (Hp gia dinh) Thuc tf difu tra dupc 129 (Hd gia dinh)
- Cach chpn mdu: Chpn chu dich xd Phuong Giao, huyfn Vd Nhai, Thai Nguyfn
a 24 I S 6 Z ( - T h a n g 10/2015
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Trang 3YHOC JOUHNAL OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE ^ ^ J I N i w w O l N w ^ U I 0
HI KET QUA NGHIEN CUtl
Bdng I Bdc diim cde hp gia £nh tgi dia bdn nghien curu
Daic difm
Nam 2014 Solupng (n = 129) Ty 16 (%) Ddn toe
Kmh
Dan tpc thifu s6
57
72
44,2 55,8 Difu kifn kinh tf
Ngheo
Khdng ngheo
55
74
42,6 57,4 Nghf nghiep
Lam rufng
Nghf khde
102
27
79,1 20,9
Nhdn xet: Tai x3 Phuang Giao, ngudi Nung va yen la lam rudng (79,1%) hd gia dinh ngheo chiem
ngudi dan tpc thifu sd chifm 55,8% Nghf nghifp chii 42.6''»
Bdng 2 Nguon nu&e su dgng cua cdc iio gia dinh tgi dia bdn nghien eiru
Ngu6iiilir*c So lirrnig (n = 129) j (%) Nuac mang Ian
Gieng dao
NuCTC suoi
Nuoc ao, ho
Nuoc mua
102 1 78,3
14
7
5
2
10,9 5,4 3.9 1,6
Nhdn xet: Ngu^n nude sti dung cho sinh hoat gia dinh dung nirdc suot va 3,9% hd gia dinh sir dung nude ao ho
phdn Idn la nude mdng ldn chifm 78,3%; eo 5,4% hp sti lam nuoc sinh hoat
S r t 2 4 - T h a n g l 0 ; 2 0 l ^ rj
Trang 4NGAIEN Ciru KHOA HOC
Bang 3 Tmh hinh s* dung hi xi, nhd tim vi chudng gia sue cua cdc ho gia dinh tgi did bdn nghien cdu
Hoxi
H9P ve sinh
Khong hop ve sinh
Khong CO
2
5
122
1,6 3,9 94,6 Nha tam
Hop ve sinh
Khong hop ve sinh
Khong CO
2
41
86
1,6 31,8 66,7 Chuong gia sue
Caehnhad< 10 m
Tha rong gia sue
63
61
48,8 47,3
Midii xet: Phan ldn eae hp gia dinh khdng ed ho xi rdng gia siic chifm 47,3%; sd hd gia dinh chan nuoi
(94.6"o), khdng cd nha tam (66,7%) So hp gia dinh tha gia sue gdn nha chifm 48,8%
Bdng 4 Kien Ihuc eua cdc hp gia dinh vi ve sinh moi iru&ng lgi dia bdn nghien euu
Kien thiix
Co kien thiic
Khong CO kien thuc
So luyng (n = 129)
14
115
(%)
10,9 89,1
\7;(//j xet: Kifn thtic ctia cdc hd gia dinh ve^vf sinh hifu bift kifn thuc vk vf sinh mdi trudng
mn inrimg cdn rat han chf, 89,1% hp gia ^',,h khdng
Bdng 5 Thdi dp eua r , np gia dinh vi vi sinh moi tru&ng tgi dia bdn nghiin cuu
Thai df
Cd thai do tot
Cd thai dp khdng tdt
S6 luvng (n = 129) (%)
52,7 47,3
.\lnhi xel • Nhin chung, ngudi dan ciing nhan thire dupc ve sinh moi tmdng la rdt cdn Ihift, sd hp cd thai dp tdt chifm 52,7%
jg 26 j S 6 Z 4 - T h d n g 10/2015 I Website yhoccoagdong.vi
Trang 5JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY M E D I C I H E
YHOC CONG DONG 2015
Bdng 6 Hdnh vi ve ve sinh moi tru&ng cua cdc ho gia dinh Igi dia bdn nghiin ciiu
Xir ly rac sinh hoat
Co xti ly rac
Khong xir ly rac
43
86
33,3 66,7
Sir dung phan tiroi bdn ruong
Co su dung
Khong sir dung
53
76
41,1 58,9
Sir dyng h6a ch^t trong trdng trot
Co sir dung
Khong sir dung
109
20
84,5 15,5
Rira dung cu sau Ichi phun hoa chat
Tai suoi, muong, ao, mong
Tai nha
107
22
82,9 17,1
Thdi quen dai tifn
Ph6ng ue bira bai
Di vao nha ve sinh hoae ho dao
111
18
86
14
Nhdn xet: Phdn ldn hd gia dinh khdng xii Iy rac sinh trdng trpt; 82,9% nia diing ciJ sau khi phun hda chdt t^i
boat chiem 66,7%; 41,l%hogiadinhsir dung phan tuoi suoi, ao, rudng, muong Thdt quen phdng uf bira bai bdn rudng; 84,5% hd gia dinh sir dung hoa chat trong chiem 86%
Bdng 7 Sd cdn bg y ti ldm cong tde truyen thong vi sinh moi tru&ng tgi dia bdn nghiin ctiu
C^n bd lam truyin thdng
Nhan vien y te thon ban
Cpng tac vien dan so
Can bo y te xa
s6lirmg(SL=41)
26
2
13
(%)
63,4 4,7 31,7
Nhdn xel Cdn bp lam cdng tde truyen thdng vf vf tf tham gia truyfn thdng chifm 31,7% Dpi ngu cdng
smh mdi trudng chu yfu la nhdn vifn y tf thon ban tde vifn dan sf hau nhu khdng ±am gia truyen thdng vf chiem 63,4%; cac cdn bd y tl dang cdng tac tai tram y sinh mdi hTrdng (4,7%)
Bdng 8 Npi dung truyin tltong vi vp sinh mdi tru&ng ngu&i dan duffc nghe tgi dia bdn nghien cuu (n = 129)
N§i dung truyen thdng
Xij ly rac thai
Xir ly nguon nuoc
Xir ly phan
Diruc nghe
Sd lirong
11
21
12
%
8,5 16,3 9,3
Khong du'^rc nghe Sdlu^g
118
108
117
%
91,5 83,7 90,7
S0 24 niang 10/2015
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Trang 6V N G H I E N CUfU KHOA HOC
Nhdn xet: Phan Idn ngudi dan tai cac hg gia dinh khdng khdng dupc nghe vf xti ly rac chifm 91,5%; ve xu ly phan
dupc nghe truyfn thdng vf vf sinh mdi trudng, trong do chifm 90,7%; vf xii ly ngudn nude chifm 83,7%
Bdng 9 Mdi Uin quan giita nghi nghipp v&i hdnh vi su dung hda chdt cua cdc hp gia dinh
Hinh vi SKMT
Nghe nghiep
Lam rudng
Nghe khac
Tdng
Cdsu
SL
i 82
27
109
dung
%
75
25
87
Khdng sir dung
SL
20
0
20
%
100
0
16
Tong
102
27
129
P.X2 p<0,01
f = 6,26
Nhdn xef Co mdi lien quan chat che gitJa nghf nghifp co thdi quen sii di^ng hda chat trong trdng trpt vd chan nufi
va hdnh vi sit dijng hda chat, nhirng ngudi Iam mpng thudng chifm 75% so vdi nghf nghifp khac 25% (p < 0,01)
Bdng 10 Moi lien quan giira dieu kien kinh te v&i hdnh vi xu ly rdc thdi cua cdc hp gia ^nh
Hinh vi SKMT
Kinhte
Ngheo
iChong ngheo
Tong
Cd xir ly rac
SL
10
33
43
%
23
77
33
Khdng xir ly ric
SL
45
41
86
%
52
48
67
Tong
55
74
129
P.X2 p<0,01
Nhdn xet: Cd mdi Hfn quan chdt che giiia difu kifn cd thdi quen xir ly rac thai thdp han so vdi cdc hp gia
kinh tf va hanh vi xu ly rac thdi, nhung hp gia dinh ngheo dinh khdng ngheo (23% so vdi 77%) vdi p < 0,01
Bdng II Moi liin quan giiia dan tpc v&i hdnh vl di ve sinh cua cdc hp gia dinh
Hanh vi SKMT
Dan t9c
Dan tde thieu so
Dan tde Kinh
Tong
Dai ti^n vao hd xi
SL
33
12 67
18 _l_ 14
Phdng ue bira bai
SL
66
45
111
%
59
41
86
T6ng
72
57
129
P.Z2 p<0,01 Z' = 4,28
Nh^n xef Cd mdi lien quan chat che giBa yju td dan dan tpc thidu s6 co thoi quen phong uS bira bai nhiSu htm
toe va hanh vi dai Uen cua nguoi dan Nhimg hd gia dinh ngudi dan toe Kinh (59% so voi 41%) v « p < 0,01
Bang tj MOI lien quan giua kie
Hanh vi SKMT
Kien thirc
Co kicn (hire
Khdng CO kien thirc
Tdnt;
11hirc vm han h VI lira dung cu sau khi sir
Rua DC tai nha
SL
9
13
22
%
41
59
17
iung hda chit eua cdc hg gia dmh
Rua DC tai ao, ho
SL
5
102
107
%
5
95
83
Tdng
14
115
129
P,Z2
p < 0,01 Z' = 24,76
t& 'JQ I s b 24-Thang 10/2015
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YHOC CONG DONG 2015
Nhgn xet: Cd mdi lien quan chat ehe giira kifn ditic ehdt, cd 95% hd gia dinh thifu kifn thirc da rira dung cu tai
ciia ngudi dan va hdnh vi nia dung cu sau khi sii dung hda ao, hd, sdng, sudi vdi p < 0,01
Bdng 13 Moi lien quan giiia Ihdi dp v&i hdnh vi su dung phan tuai bdn rupng cua cdc hp gia Smh
Hinh vi SKMT
Thai do
Cd thai do tdt
Co thai dp khong tdl
Tdng
Cd sir dung
SL
12
41
53
%
23
77
41
Khdng sij* dung
SL
56
26
76
%
74
26
59
Tdng
68
61
129
P,Z2
p < 0,01 X"-32,63
Nhgn xet: C6 mdi lien quan chat che giua thai dp cita hp gia dinh cd thai dp khdng tft eo sti dung phdn tuai bdn
ngudi ddn va hdnh vi su dyng phdn tuoi bdn rupng, 77% rudng, vdi p < 0,01
Bdng 14 Mdi lien quan gida npi dung truyen thong (TT) vi xu Iy rdc v&i hdnh vi xu ly rdc eua cdc hp gia dinh
Hinh vi SKMT
Nguon thong tin
Duoc nghe TT
Khong dupc nghe TT
Tdng
Cdxu
SL
7
36
43
y rac
%
16
84
33
Khdng sir ly ric
SL
4
82
86
%
5
95
67
Tdng
11
118
129
P.X2
p<0,01 X' = 4,96
Nhdn xet Cd mdi lifn quan giira ndi dung truyfn thdng hd gia dinh khong dupc nghe tmyfn thdng vf xir ly rdc thi
vf xti ly rac vdi hanh vi xii ly rac ciia cac hd gia dinh 95% khdng cd hdnh vi xir ly rac (p < 0,01)
Bdng 15 Moi lien quan giira npi dung truyin thong (TT) vi xu ly ngudn nu&c v&i
hdnh vi rua dgng cg (BC) sau khi su dung hda chdt cua cac hp gia Sink
Hinh vi SKMT
Ngudn thdng tin
Duoc nghe TT
Khdng dupc nghe TT
Tdng
Rira DC tai nhi
SL
7
15
22
%
32
68
17
Rira DC tai ao hd
SL
14
93
107
%
13
87
83
Tdng
21
108
129
P.Z2
p < 0,01
x'-4,69
Nhgn xet: Cd mdi lifn quan giua npi dung tmyfn thong vf chdt cua cac hp gia dinh, 87% hp gia dinh khdng dupe nghe
xti Iy ngudn nude vdi hdnh vi rua dung cij sau khi sti dung hoa tmyfn thong co nia dijng cii tai ao, hd, sdng, sudi (p < 0,01)
Bdt^ 16 Mil lien quan giua nguon tiidng dn truyin thot^ (TJ) vix^lyphdn vdi hdnh vi ^ve sinh cua cdc hp gia Oidt
Hanh vi SKMT
Ngudn thdng tin
Duoc nghe TT
ichdng dupc nghe TT
Tdng
Dai ti|n diing chd
SL
7
11
18
%
39
61
14
Phdng ue bira bai
SL
5
106
111
%
5
95
86
Tdng
12
117
129
P,X2
p<0,01
X' = 21,7
S624-Th^g 10/2015 I f j '
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NGHIEN ClJfU KHOA HOC
• anxel: Cd mdi hfn quan chat che giiia ngudn thdng tin lm>en thdng ve xit Iy phdn vdi hanh \i di \e sinh cua cac
dinh 95% h p ^ dinh khdng Arpcn^e tmyfn thdng CO hanh vi phdng ue biia bai (p<0.01)
i\ :BA.NLI.\N
1 Thuc trang vf sinh moi tnrdng cda cac hp gia
dmh lai dia ban ngbien CDU
•v: t qud nghifn dhi cho thdy, tai xa Phuang Giao ngudi
-Ir c thifu sd chifm 55.8*o, ngudi dan chu >eu Id lam
- : - (79.1%) hp gia dinh ngheo chifm 42.6% (Bang
i i K nh te ehua phat trien, thdi quen canh tac lac hau,
hieu biet \e ve sinh mdi trudng cdn han chf nfn phdn Idn
cac hp gia dinh khdng xu ly rdc sinh boat ehtem 66,7%;
' ' ' I hp gia dinh sir dung phdn tuoi bdn rupng: 84.5° o
- - dinh sir dung hda chat trong trdng trot; 82,9% rira
^ rj ju sau khi phun hda chdt tai sudi ao rudng, muang
T: ^uen phdng ue bira bdi chifm 86° i (Bdng 6) Kft qua
^^" -1 cihi nay cung phu hpp vdi tac gia Vii Thanh Hien
[4j khi nghifn cthi ve eham sdc siic khde ban ddu eho
nguoi ngheo d tinh Ha Giang
Ket qud bdng 2 vd 3 cho thdy, ty If ngudi ddn dugc
su dung nude sach rat thdp, cd den 78.3'"o id nude mang
lan CO 5.4°o hd sir dung nude sudi va 3,9% hd gia dinh su
dung nude ao hd Idm nude sinh boat Pbdn Idn cdc hp gia
dmh khdng cd hd xi 194.6%), khdng cd nha tdm (66,6%)
So hi5 gia dmh tha rdng gia siic chiem 47.3"^; so hp gia
dmh chan nudi gia siie gan nhd chifm 48,8% E)dy ciing
la nei ddc thu \ e t ^ qudn cua ddng bao mifn mii Ngudn
nuiT^ sinh hoat da thieu lai cdn hi d nhiem do cdc ngudn
nude mang ldn, khe sudt dupc diing chung cho ca ngudi
\a doig vat Han nira, kifn thiic vd thai dp ciia cac hd
gia dmh ve\f sinh mdi tnrdng cdn rat han chf, 89.1% hd
giadiohkhdnghifubiet kifn thiic \ e \ e sinh mdi tmdng
(Bang 12, 13) Kft qua nay phii hpp vdi ket qua cua tac
gia \ gu> hi E)mh Hpc [7] khi n ^ a i ciiu \e md hinh benh
lai cua tre em ddn Ipc Dao tmh Bic Kan: Da sd hd gia
dmh -u dung ngudn nude khdng dat tieu chudn vf smh,
bo g ic ng dap ddt thdp hoac quay bdng tre nua 42.2%; 50%
so ho gia dinh sit dung nuoc mdi^ ldn
BLO canh cac yfu td trinh dp dan tri thdp, ciing phai ndi
den nyudn tue > if lam cdng tac truyin thdng ve sinh mdi
iruLmg cdn thifu nhifu Can bd lam cdng tac truyfn thdng
ve \e smh mdi trudng chii yfu la nhdn \ifn y te thdn ban chiem 63.4"o cac can bp y le dang cdng lac tai tram \ le tham gia truyen thdng chiem 3!.7"o Dpi ngu cdng tac vien dan sd hau nhu khong tham gia tni> en thdng vf sinh mdi truang (4.7" o) (Bang 7) Do thieu cdn bd nen cac hoai dpng tru>en thdng khdng dupe tien hanh thudng xuyen npi dung thdng tm khdng den dupc timg hp gia dinh Kei qua lit phdn Idn ngudi ddn tai cac hp gia dinh khdng dtiijc
oghe truven thdng \e \e sinh mdi trudng trong do khong
dupc nghe \ f xir ly rdc chiem 91.5" o: \ e xu ly phan chietu 90.7°o: vf \ u Iy ngudn nude chiem 83.7''o (Bang 8) Kei qua ctia chting tdi thap hon ket qua cua Le Thi Hoiis Thom [9] va Xguven \'an Hien [5] khi nghien ciru cac hoai ddng tm\en thdng cho khu \"vc ddng bang Dieu do cho tha\ hoat dong iru\en thdng tai khu \"uc nong thon mien niit con gap rat nhifu bat cap- Dang Chinh phu va Kha nude can cd cac giai phap uu tien phat trien mien ntil
de riit ngan khoang each giau ngheo khoang each trinh do dan tri Tai dia phuong cac hoat ddng iru\ en ihdng cart tuan thu nguyen tac huy ddng cong ddng cimg tham gia thi mai dem lai hieu qua va tinh ben vung
2 Mot so vlu to lien quan den \e sinh moi trudng
cua cac hp gia dinh tai dia ban nghien ctiu
- -Mdi lien quan giiia nghi nghiep vd hdnh vi ve sinh
moi tru&ng: Kei qua bang 9 cho thav co mdi lien quan
cliai che giua nghe nghiep va hanh vi su dung hda chat KhCrng ngudi lam mdng thudng co thdi quen su dung hoa
chat trong trdng trot v a chan nuoi chiem 15% so v di ndie
nghiep khac 25''o (p < 0.01) Hanh vi su dung phan boo thudc tni sau thudc kich thich tang mrdng dupc ngudi dan str dung tii\ tien khdng man thu hudng ddn hoac khong dupc hudng dan cd the gay hdu qua lau diti vf sue khoe Hon the nita ihdi quen rua dung cu tai ao hd song SUOI sau khi su dung hoa chat se gdy d nhiem nguon nirdc
vi chmh ban than hp dang su dung ngudn nude nay lam nude an uong sinh hoat hang ngay (Bang 2 bang 12) Phan Idn ngudi dan tai dia ban nghien ciiu sdng chu veu dua vdo ndng nghiep ddn tri thap it nhan dupc thong
ta 30 I S O 24-Thang I 0 2 0 i 5
I ttebsiie >iKKCongdong
Trang 9JOURNAL OF t^OMMUNITY M E D I C I N E
YHOC CONG£)ONG2015
tin y tf nfn cd hdnh vi chua diing khi sii dung hda chdt
dimg trong ndng nghiep Chinh quyin, cac ban nganh,
doan thf tai dja phuong cdn giiip dd, hudng ddn hp each
sti dung dling phan bon, thudc trir sau df tang ndng sudt
cay hdng md khdng dnh hudng xdu dfn stie khde
- Moi lien quan giu-a kinh ti vd hdnh vi vi sinh mdi
tru&ng: Kft qua bang 10 cho thay, cd mdi lifn quan chat
che giua difu kifn kinh If vd hdnh vi xti ly rac thdi, nhirng
hp gia dinh ngheo co thdi quen xti ly rac thdi thdp hem
so vdi cdc hd gia dinh khdng ngheo (23% so vdi 77%)
vdi p < 0,01 Ket qua nay eung phii hop vdi kit qua cita
tac gid Nguyfn Thi Mai Hifn [6] Difu ndy eho thdy vai
trd va trdch nhifm to ldn cua eae td chiic doan thf va dpi
ngii nhdn vifn y tf thdn ban trong vifc hudng ddn trudng
thdn, bdn vd ba con each xir 1^ rac don gian tai hp gia
dinh nhu phan lo^i rdc, chdn rac, dot rdc, ii rac Khuyfn
khich ngudi ddn cd ngay tdng vf sinh dudng lang ngd
xdm, phdt dpng thanh phong trdo thdn ban xanh, sach,
dep
- Mdi lien quan giira dan tpc vd hdnh vl vi sinh moi
tru&ng: Co mdi lifn quan chdt che giira yfu td dan tpc
va hdnh vi dai tifn ciia ngudi dan Nhiing ho gia dinh
dan tpc thifu sd cd thdi quen phdng ue bira bai nhifu
han ngudi ddn tpc Kinh (59% sovdi41%) vdip<0,01
Phdng uf bira bai la thdi quen tir nhifu ddi nay cua ddng
bao dan tpc thieu sd, hp khdng cd thdi quen lam nha vf
sinh De thay dpi dupc tap quan ndy cdn phai cd thdi
gian, cd cdc chuang trinh ho trp va hudng ddn ngudi ddn
lam, bao quan va sii dung hd xi hpp ve sinh phii hpp vdi
difu kifn tiing gia dinh Tac gia Nguyfn Huy Nga [8] da
dua ra cac loai nha vf sinh d Vift Nam nhu hd xi cau, nha
tifu chim, nha tifu chim cd thdng hai, nhd tifu thdm dpi
nude, nha tifu hai ngan it phdn tai chd, nhd tifu I ngan,
cdu tifu ao ca, hd xi thung, tu hoai Mdi loai nhd vf sinh
cd uu nhupe difm rifng nen can phai tu van cho cac hd
gia dinh d6 hp tu nguyfn lua chpn vd lam cho gia dinh
minh mpt nha vf sinh phii hpp
- Mdi liin quan giira kiin thuc, thdi dp vd hdnh vi
Vf sinh mdi tru&ng: Cd mdi lien quan chat ch6 giua kifn
thirc, thai dp ctia ngudi dan va hanh vi nia dung cu sau
khi su dung hda chdt, cd 95% hd gia dinh thifu kifn thtic
da nia dung cu tat ao, hd, sdng, sudi Co 77% hd gia dinh
cd thai dp khdng tdt cd sii dung phdn tuai bdn rupng (p < 0,01) Kifn thuc va thai dd la nfn tang df cd quyet dinh ddn dfn thay ddi hanh vi Kft qua nghifn ctiu ndy eao hon cdc tac gid Lf Thi Hdng Thorn [9], Nguyfn Thi Mai Hifn [6], Lf Van Thfm [10] khi nghifn cuu kifn thiic, thdi dp ctia ngudi dan vimg ddng bdng
- Mdi liin quan giiia cde npi dung truyen Ihdng vd hdnh vi vp sinh mdi tru&ng: Co moi lifn quan gifta dupc
nghe ndi dung truyfn thdng (TT) ve xir ly rac, nguon nude, xir ly phdn vdi hdnh vi cua cac hd gia dinh Cd 95% hd gia dinh khdng dupc nghe truyfn Ihdng ve xir ly rac thi khdng cd hdnh vi xii ly rac, 87% hp gia dinh rira dung cu tai ao, hd, sdng, sudi, 95% hd gia dinh cd hanh vi phdng uf bira bat (p < 0,01) Difu nay eho thdy vifc cung cap thdng tin df ngudi dan tang nhdn thirc, hifu bift vf
vf sinh mdl trudng Id rat quan trpng Chinh vi vdy, vifc giao due va ddo tao nhdn vifn y tf ldm cdng tde truyfn thdng da dupc Bd Y tf rat quan tdm [1],[2]
V KET LUAN
1 Thi^e trang vf sinb moi trudng cua cdc hf gia dinh tai dia bdn nghien eiru
- Ngudi dan tpc thifu sd chifm 55,8% Nghf nghifp chli yeu la lam rudng (79,1%), hd gia dinh ngheo chifm 42,6%
- Ngudn nude sinh boat: Mang Ian 78,3%; cd 5,4% nude sudi vd 3,9% nude ao hd
- Ty If khdng cd hd xi (94,6%), khdng ed nha tam (66,6%) Tha rdng gia site chifm 47,3%
- Cd 89,1% hp gia dinh khdng cd kifn thuc vf vf sinh mdi tnrdng
- Ty If khdng xu ly rac ehifm 66,7%; 41,1% hp gia diiih su dung phan tuoi bdn mgng; 84,5% ho gia dinh sii dung hoa ehdt trong trdng trpt; 82,9% rira dung cu sau khi phun hda chat tai suoi, ao, mong, muong Thdi quen phdng uf btia bai ehifm 86%
- Nhdn luc y te: Can bp tram y te tham gia truyfn thdng ehifm 31,7%, nhan vien y te thon ban 63,4%, cong Idc vifn dan sd 4,7%
- Ngudn thdng tin: Phan Idn ngudi dan tai cdc hp
s o 24-Thang 10/2015 [
31
Trang 10NGHIEN Cl/U KHOA HOC
gia dinh khdng dupe nghe tmyfn thdng vf vf smh mdi
trudng, trong dd khdng dupc nghe vf xir ly rdc chifm
91,5%; vf xii ly phan chifm 90,7%; ve xti ly ngudn nude
chifm 83,7%
2 Mot so yfu to lien quan den ve sinh moi truong
cua cdc hp gia dinh tai dia ban ngbien eiru
Cd moi lien quan eh^t che giua nghf nghiep, difu kifn
kinh tf, yeu td ddn tde, kifn thiic, thai dp ctia ngudi ddn
vd ngudn thong tin vf sinh mdi tmtmg ma ngudi dan nhan
dupc vdi hdnh VI vf sinh mdi tmdng (p< 0,01)
KHUYEN NGHI
- Tram y tf can cd ke hoach ddy manh hoat dpng tmyfn thdng vf vf sinh mdi hudng dfn timg hp gia dinh
- Cac c ^ chinh quyfn vd cac ban ngdnh dodn thf cdn quan tdm hon niia dfn cdng tac vf sinh mdi trudng ciia dia phuong nhu ehi dao cac hoat ddng, cdp kinh phi, dao tao can bp
- Hd trp, khuyfn khich, hudng ddn ngudi dan ttr xir
ly ngudn nude sinh hoat, xii ly rac thai, sii dung hda chSt trong trdng trpt, chan nudi ddm bdo an toan eho siie khoe cho gia dinh va cpng dong
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O ^ J
1 Bp Y tl (2006), Khoa hpc hanh vi vd giao due siic khde, NXB Y hpc Ha Ndi, h.33
2 Bp Y te - Vu khoa hpe va ddo tao (2011), Giao due va dao tao nhdn luc y If, tr.3471
3 Bao cao kft qua hpc tap Ihyc dia (2013), Thue trang cdng tac vf sinh mdi tmdng tai xa Phuang Giao, Vo Nhai, Thdi Nguyfn Nhdm sinh vien Chuyfn tu Y 42, Dai hpc Y Dupe Thdi Nguyfn
4 Vu Thanh Hifn (2003), Thuc trang cdng tac chdm sdc siic khde ban ddu cho ngudi ngheo tinh Ha GJang, luan vdn Thac si chuyfn nganh Y hpc du phdng, Dai hpc Y Dupc Thai Nguyfn
5 Nguyen Van Hiin (2004), Nghien ciiu hoat dfng giao due siic khoe tai mdt sd xa d mdt huyfn ddng bdng Bdc bf
vd Ihti nghifm md hinh can thifp giao due sij-c khde, Luan an Tifn sT Y hpc, Tmdng Dai hpc Y Ha Ndi
6 Nguyen Thi Mai Hifn (2007), Danh gia hifu qua can thifp sir dung thudc hpp ly frong xti tri nhifm khuan ho hdp cdp tai tuyfn y tf co sd nham gdp phdn ddm bdo cdng bdng hong kham chiia benh, Ludn an Tifn si Y hpc, Trudng Dai hoc Y Ha Npi
7 Nguyfn Dinh Hpc (2004), Nghien eihi phdt triln thf chdt md hinh bfnh tat va mpt sd yfu Id anh hudng d he dan tfc Dao Bdc Thai, Lufn an Tiln sT Y hpc, Tmdng D^i hpc Y Ha Nf i
8 Nguyfn Huy Nga (1998), Cac loai nha vf sinh d Viet Nam, NXB Y hpe
9 Le Thi Hdng Thom (2006), Nghifn ctiu vf tilp can, su dung dich vu khdm chua bfnh cho phu nu ndng thdn va ddnh gia gidi phdp ean thifp tai mdt xa, Ludn an Tifn sT Y hpc, Tmdng Dai hpe Y Ha Ndi
10 Lf Van Thfm (2007), Thye hang boat ddng cua bae sT tai tram y tf xa va ddnh gia hifu qua gidi phap can thiep nhdm ndng eao chdt lupng hoat dpng cua tram y If xa tai tinh Hai Duang, Luan an Tifn sT Y hpc, Tmdng D^i hpc
il T ' > I SO 24-Thang 10/2015
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