, ^ ~ 5 iaL"JLiiCl ''''*^ '''' ''''" '''' Tfiat trien nguon nhdn bic tfuri tqi day manh CX ^, fC''''B^ ^''''t / 4 rr^^ NGUON NHAN LlfC TRONG GIAO DUG DAI HOC, CAO DANG d CAC TINH NAM BO HIEN NAY THlfC TRANG VA MOT SO G[.]
Trang 1' Tfiat trien nguon nhdn bic tfuri tqi day manh CX.^, fC'B^
^'t
/ 4 rr^^
NGUON NHAN LlfC TRONG GIAO DUG DAI HOC, CAO DANG d CAC TINH NAM BO HIEN NAY
- THlfC TRANG VA MOT SO GIAI PHAP"
ThS NGUYIN THI HUYNH NHI/'"'
I Hign nay, the gldi dang bfldc vao
nfen kinh te' tri thfle, 6 dd sflc canh
• tranh efla nen kinh te chfl yeu dfldc
tao nen bdi tri thfle v l s f l s i n g tao Tri thfle
n g i y d n g trd t h i n h y e u tb then chfit trong
q u i trinh p h i t t r i l n kinh te - xa hfii Do'i vdl
Viet Nam, x i y dflng nfen kinh te tri thfle la
dieu can thiet d l rflt ngan sfl nghiep dol
mdi, C N H , HDH di't nfldc De tien tdi kinh
tfe tri thfle, van de ed b i n I I p h l l phat trien
mdt d e h t o i n dign ngufin n h l n ldc (NNL),
khuyen khieh bbi dflfing va d i o tgo n h l n t l i
Tgi Dgi hpi lan thfl X I , D i n g Cdng san Vifit
Nam khang djnh: "Kinh te tri thfle p h i t trien
manh, do dd eon ngfldi v l tri thfle d n g trd
t h i n h n h l n tb quye't djnh sfl p h i t t r i l n eua
mfei qufi'c gia""' Tuy nhifin, d l thfle hien dflpe
'•'Bai viet la ket^quS nghien cflu cua detai cap Nha
ky day manh CNH, HDH dit nUdcf- Ma so KX
03-19/11-15
<•"> Hoc vien Chinh trj khu vUc II, Hgc vien CTQG
Hb Chi Minh
'*' DCSVN, Vin kiin Dai hdi dai biiu toin qud'c
fin thdXI, Nxb CTQG, HN 2011, tr.97
t^' DCSVN, Van kien Dai hdi dai biiu toin qud'c
fin thdX, Nxb CTQG, HN 2006, tr.96
y b u d u n i y , d n p h i t trien g i l o due - dao tgo, nhat ta giao due dgi hpe, eao dang Do dfi, N N L trong d a o tgo dgi hpc, eao dang co vai trfi dac bifet q u a n trpng
Nam bfi I I vflng di't p h i t trien, efi nhifeu trung t i m cfing nghiep ldn Nhflng nam g i n
d i y Nam bfi khdng ngflng day manh vi^c
p h i t t r i l n g i l o due - dao tgo, d^e bl#t I I giao dye dgi hoe, cao d i n g nham phgc vu qua trinh C N H , H D H Difeu n i y phfl hpp vdi chi) trfldng cfla D i n g Cfing san Viet Nam dflpc dfla ra t f l Dai hpi lan thfl X: "Doi mdi he t h i n g
g i l o due dai hpc v l s a u dat hpc, gan vdi sfl
d y n g , trflc tiep phue vu e h u y i n doi c d cau lao dfing, p h i t trien nhanh N N L c h i t Ifldng cao, nhi't I I c h u y e n gia d i u nglnh"'^' Mac dfl vgy, NNL trong giao dye dgi hpe, cao dang
d Nam bfi cdn mbt sb b i t d p , han c h l Do vay, vigc d l n h gia thfle trgng v l dfla ra nhOng
glal phap de ndng cao sb Iflpng vk chat Iflpng
NNL giao dye dgi hpe, eao dang d d|a ban
n i y I I v l n de h i t sflc c a n thie't, nham dap flng nhiem vu phat trien efla khu vfle va di't nfldc trong nhflng nam tdi
2 T h e o nghTa rpng, N N L dflpc h i l u ta ngufin lflc con ngfldi cfla qufi'c gia, vflng lanh thb, I I bp p h i n efla d c ngubn tfle ed k h i
Trang 2n l n g huy dfing, q u a n ly de tham gia v i o qua
trinh p h i t trien kinh tfe - xa hbi Theo nghTa
hgp, N N L tudng d f l d n g vdi ngubn lao ddng, I I
bp phan dan sb trong dp tuoi lao dfing cd k h i
nang lao d f i n g N N L dflpe nghien qflu tren
giae dp s b Ifldng, ehi't Idpng Bdi vay, cfi the
hieu p h i t t r i l n N N L I I q u i trinh lam bien doi
vfe sb Iflpng, ehat Iflpng v a c d d u N N L n g i y
e i n g d i p flng tfi't hdn y l u d u cua nen kinh
t l - x l hfii
NNL trong g i l o due dgi hpe, eao dang I I
tfle Iflpng lao dbng d a n g l i m viee trong ITnh
vfle g i l o dye dai hpe, cao d a n g NNL nay
nhifeu hay it, c h i ' t iflpng c a o hay thap phu
thupe vao quy mb, chinh saeh p h i t trien g i l o
due - dao tgo cua qud'c gia, c d c h e dai ngd,
chfnh s i c h thu hflt n h l n tai; chfnh s i e h boi
dflfing, sfl d u n g , sap xep NNL N N L trong
g i l o due - dao tao ndi c h u n g , g i l o due dgi
hpc, eao dang nfii rieng bao gbm tfle Ifldng
g i l n g day, lflc lupng khfing l i m c d n g t i c g i l n g
dgy Bai viet n i y tap trung I l m rd thfle trgng
NNL la d c g i l n g vien trflc tie'p lam cfing tac
g i l n g day, truyfen dat kien thfle c h o sinh vien
d d c trfldng dat hpc, cao d a n g tai Nam bp
Difeu n i y the hien tren mgt so phuong diin
Ctf the sau:
- Ve sd IQdng: T h e o thbng kfe, tfnh de'n
n i m 2013, ea nude c d 4 2 7 trflfing dgi hpc v l
eao dang, trong do khu vtfc Nam bp cfi k h o i n g
200 trfldng H l u hb't d e tinh, t h i n h p h b t r o n g
khu vfle cd trudng dai hpc, eao d a n g Rifeng
Tp Hb C h i Minh c b 75 t r d d n g , t h i n h phb C l n
Thd cb 8 trflfing V d i sb Ifldng eae trfldng dgi
hpc, cao dang n h f l vay, n h u c a u N N L I I g i l n g
'" Tong cue Thbng kS, NiSn giim thdng ke 2013,
Nxb Thbng kfi, HN 2013, tr 675
'*' Bo Giao dgc va Dao tao - Vien Khoa hpc giao
dgc Viet Nam, Nguyen My Loan, Quan ly phat
triin ddi ngu giang vien trudng caa dang nghi dap
tfng nhu ciu dao tao nhin Itfc vOng Dong bang
Sdng Ctfu Long Luan an tien sT khoa hoc giao
dgc, HN.2014, tr.70
vien d l thfle hign nhiem vg glao due - dao tgo n g i y d n g eao v a ed sfl e h u y i n bie'n nhi't
dinh T h e o M e n giim thdng ki 2013, tbng sb
g i l n g vien eao d a n g , dai hpe d Nam bb I I 30.021 (trong dfi 2/3 so Iflpng n i y dang efing
t i c tgi Tp Hb C h i Minh) Cung theo thbng ke
n i y , sfe lfldng sinh vien dai hpc, cao dang tai Nam bp I I 723.771 sinh vien'^' Bang phep chia ddn g i l n c h f l n g ta c d the thi'y, ty te sinh
v l e n / g i l n g vten dgi hpc, eao dang tat Vflng xa'p xi con so 24 D d la d c h tinh ehung, dbi vdi cae trfldng n g d l cbng lap thi ty tfe n i y ed
le ebn ldn hdn nhieu Theo mfit k h i o s i t tai
vung Ddng bing Sdng Cdu Long, sb Iflpng
g i l n g vten, giao vien d eae trfldng k h i o s i t tang ten k h o i n g 3 1 % trong 3 nam hpe theo Sfl phat t r i l n cua qui mfi sinh vien dao tgo, nhflng d e trfldng dfeu thie'u giang vifen v l phai thinh giang tfl 2 2 % - 2 9 , 5 % so vdi sb giang vien'"'
Trfen thuc te, de d l n h g i l NNL, d n d n
c d vao nhifeu tieu ehi khae nhau, nhflng sb Ifldng cung la ye'u t b q u a n trpng T i t c a d e he thb'ng xep hgng trflfing dgi hpe efla US News and World Report, T i m e s Higher Education Supplement (THES), Maclean University Ranking, T h e Guardian University guide, Dal hpc Giao thfing T h u p n g Hal deu dda ra t i l u
c h i ve s b Iflpng sinh vifen/giang vien Chang han, vdi Maclean University Ranking thi trpng
sb n i y la 3 4 % , vdl Guardian University Guide
I I 3 5 % 6 Viet N a m , do mdi bfldc v i o q u i trinh dbi mdi tren nhieu mat, g i l o dye - d i o tgo edn non y e u nen Bfi Giao dye - Dao tao quy dinh ty le sinh vien/giang vien dgi hpe, cao dang la 20 Dbi ehieu vdi so tflpng g i l n g vifen dai hoe, cao dang d Nam bd cd the thi'y, eon so nay hien nay tuy da dap flng ddpe phan nao y e u c l u cfla sfl nghiep gtao due, nhflng v i n eon thife'u r i t nhifeu ( k h o i n g 6.130
g i l n g vien)
- V'e chat IUdng: D l d i m b l o c h i t Iflpng
g i l o due - dao tao, bbi dfldng NNL chi't Iflpng cao phyc vy edng eude C N H , HDH eua
Trang 3Bdng: Th6ng ke trtnh dQ chuySn mdn cOa giing vien 6 mit sd trudng d^i hQC viing Nam bQ
Ten trUdng
Cdc trudng thu6c
BHQG TPHCM
Dai hpc Su pham
TPHCM
Dai iioc Quoc te mien
Dong
Dai iipc
ThCi DSu Mot
Dai hpc Kinh ti Ky
Thuat Binh DUdng
Oai hpc CSn Tho
Dai hpc Y Dupc Can
Ttio
Dai hpc Ky thudt - Cong
nghe Can Tho
Dai hpc Nam Cdn Tho
Dgi hpc Tay Do
Dai hpc Dong Thdp
Tong
sd gidng vidn 3.000
691
192
559
207
1207
209
150
159
429
464
Gido sU, Pho g i d o s u
Sd iU0ng
250
26
7
8
4
85
7
1
5
17
03
(%)
8,3 4,4 3,6 1,4
2
7 3,3 0,7 3,1 4,0 0,6
Tidn sT
Sd IU0ng
850
120
17
60
12
263
22
15
29
31
45
1*1?
(%)
28,3 20,3 8,9 10,7 5,8 21,8 10,5
10 18,2 7,2 9,7
Thgc sT
Sd
IU(>ng 1.600
310
88
445
70
666
122
98
90
242
279
T * l #
(%)
53,3 52,4 45,8 79,6 33,8 55,1 58,3 65,3 56,6 56,4 60,1
Ngudn: Sb ligu thfi'ng ke dfla v i o trang web cua c i c trfldng
vung cQng nhfl d nfldc, gilng vien trong eic
trfldng dgi hpc, cao dang dflpc tao dieu kifin
de nlng eao trinh dp ehuyen mfin, nang lflc
gilng day va nghiln cflu khoa hpc Sb Iflpng
gilng vien cb hpe him, hpc vj cao ngiy d n g
nhifeu Tuy nhien, so vfii nhu eau d i o tao va
|5| Bfi Giao due va Dao tgo - Vign Khoa hpc giao
due Vi$t Nam, Nguyen My Loan, Quan ly phat
tnen dgi ngu giing viin trudng cao ding ngh^ dap
tfng nhu cau dao t^o nhan Itfc vOng Ddng bang
Song Ctfu Long Luan an tifen sT khoa hpc giao
dye, HN.2014, tr.74
'^' http://www.vnuhcm edu vn/Default
aspx?Pageld=c486f71d-a0ad-4389-b6f2-6362-a49b7d0a
Iflpng sinh vlbn dang theo hpc thi con sb nay cfin kha khifem tfen Sfe lifeu thbng ke cho thay, sfe lfldng gilng vifen 6 d e trfldng eao dang nghfe khu vfle Tiy Nam bfi chf cfi 8,8% dat trinh dp sau dgi hpc, cbn chfl yeu la trinh db dgi hpe'^' Ngay d dd'i vdi Dgi hpc Qubc gia
Tp Hfe ChiMlnh - m p t trong nhflng trung tim dio tgo efla d khu vyc eung chl cd khoing
250 gilo Sfl, phd gido sfl'^' Dbi vfii cac trfldng khbng nam trong khbi cdng lap, trinh dp cua gilng vien d n g han chfe Khfing nhflng v§y,
do sb Iflpng gilng vifen ft, sinh vien dfing nln nhifeu gilng vien thuan tuy chf lim efing tac gilng day, khfing ed thdi gian d l nang cao chuyen mon, nghifin eflu khoa hpc Nhifeu gilng vien cd sb gid gilng trong 01 nam
Trang 4Ibn den hang ngan gid, dac bifit I I dbi vdi
nhflng mdn thufic khbi kie'n thfle dai efldng
Khic han 6 bic trung hpc, trpng trieh
cua gilng vien dai hoc, cao dang rit ldn Hp
khfeng chi la ngudi truyfen dgt kiln thfle cho
sinh vien, m l con phai hfldng d i n sinh vifen
cich tfl dio tgo, tfl tim tdi, tieh luy nhflng tri
thfle mdi; hp phli ludn tiep can vdi kie'n thfle
mfii de d p nhgt v i o b l i gilng v l sfl dyng
phfldng phip giang dgy mdi, Difeu dfi ybu d u
ngudi gilng vien thfle thy phli I I chuyin gia
ve chuyen nganh nhi't dinh Chflc nang nay
chi cd the hinh thanh qua thfle tien nghien
cflu va triln khai Do do, giang vien bit bufec
phli tham gia cbng vige nghign eflu khoa hpe,
ho§e van dung nhflng kiln thfle mdi m l v i o
hoat dfeng thfle tibn, dong thdi ed nhigm vy
hfldng dan, to ehfle sinh vien trong nhflng
hogt dpng nhfl vay, xem dfi la mfit trong nhflng
nhigm vu chfnh Nfi'u lay tifeu chi dfi de cd t h i
dlnh g i l chat Iflpng thi NNL gilo due dgi hpc,
cao dang b Nam bd cfin nhifeu hgn chfi' Sfe
cdng trinh khoa hpc that sfl ed chat Iflfing v l
dflpc ghi nhan d trong nfldc va qud'c te khbng
nhieu Dieu nay cd the xem xet qua bing sb
ligu the hien sb Iflpng cong trinh nghien cflu
khoa hpe efla d e giang vien Dai hpe Qud'c
gia Tp Hb Chi Minh'^: trong vdng 4 nam
{2010 - 2013), so lfldng efing trinh nghien
cflu eua gllng vifen Dai hpc Qufi'c gia Tp Ho
Chi Minh dang tai trfen d c tgp chi khoa hpe
qubc te (Institute for Scientific Information ISl)
II 778 Tuy nhien, chl tinh rieng nam 2006
cGng trong danh saeh ISI, Dai hpc qufee gia
Seoul - Han Quoc cd 4.556 an pham khoa
hpc; Dgi hpe Bac Kinh: 3.000<^' Vifee so sanh
niy eho thay, NNL d i o tao dai hpe, cao dang
cua Vflng cfin ri't yeu so vfii d c trfldng dai
Cl http://khcn.vnuhcm.edu.vn/website/public
aspx?_Pageld=7
lei http.//www.cpv org vn/cpv/Modules/News/
NewsDetail.aspx?coJd=0&cn_id=204877
hpc, eao dang efla d c nflde trong khu vfle Nhfl vay, eb t h i thi'y, NNL giao dye dgi hpe, cao dang tai Nam bfe tuy cfi nhflng chuyen bien ding ke, nhflng vln edn nhieu van de ding lo nggi Dfi I I sb Ifldng cfin thife'u,
ty le sinh vifen trfen gilng vten cdn cao; sfe Iflpng giang vten eb hpe ham, hpe vj cao edn it; giang vien chi t i p trung gilng day, ehfla cfi nhieu efing trinh khoa hpc Ben eanh dfi, d c gilng vien ed trinh dp va tim huyfe't tubl tie ngiy cang eao, trong khi dd, dbi nglj kfe e$n
ehfla phat triln kip, thieu vang ckc chuyfin gia
dau nganh Diy ciJng I I van de can quan tim trong vibe phat huy NNL dgi hpc, cao ding d vflng Nam bfi
Nhflng han chfe, ybu kim nfeu trfen bit nguon tfl mfit sb nguyen nhan, nhfl ngin sich danh cho giao dye d nflde ta, trong dd cd giao dye dai hpc, cao dang d Nam bd hien nay rit thap so vdi d c nude trong khu vfle Mfit sb trfldng phli trfch mfit phan ngin quy tfl cd de ehi eho dpi ngu nhln lflc di hpe nang eao trinh
dp (song cung ri't han che) 6 mot sb trfldng,
de nlng cao trinh dp, nhifeu giang vifen phli tfl bd tifen ra d l tra kinh phi dio tgo, do vay tl
le ddi ngO nhln Iflc dgt ehuin, dim blo chi't Iflpng dip flng yeu eau, nhi't II d d c trfldng dai hpe, cao dang dan lap, la rat thap, Chinh sich dot vdi NNL giao due dai hpc, cao ding cdn nhieu bat cap Che dp dai ngd hgn che, tifen Iflpng thap nen nhieu gilng vifen cb trinh
dp ehuyen mbn gioi chuyin sang nhflng finh vfle hoat dfing khic CIc d p quin ly cfin ehfla chu dfing trong viee tuyen chpn, bbi dfldng NNL nen de xay ra tinh trgng mat d n dbi, thieu hut gilng vien
3 De xiy dflng va phat huy NNL gilo due dai hpc, eao dang d Nam bb trong thdi
gian tdi, can thtfC hign dong bd nhtfng giii
phap cd ban sau:
Mot li, xay dflng ke hoaeh, quy hogch
NNL gido due dgi hpc, eao dang nham dim bao du so Iflpng, nlng eao chi't Ifldng khbng chi cho nhflng nam trflde mat, ma cdn de dap
Trang 5flng nhu d u phat triln cua Vflng va di't nflde
trong tfldng lai N h i nflde, ehinh quyen dja
phfldng v l nginh glao due phai can efl tfl thfle
trgng phit trien he thb'ng gilo due dai hpc,
cao ding cua Vflng va nhu d u dio tgo b i c
dai hpc, cao dang trong giai dogn tdi de xay
dflng quy hogch mot d e h tbng the, khoa hpc
Hai la, can bbi dfldng nlng cao trinh dp
chuyen mdn, nghigp vy quan ly, sfl pham cho
NNL gilo due dai hpe, cao dang dfldi nhieu
hinh thfle khae nhau: tap trung v l khdng t i p
trung, bbi dfldng ngan hgn, d l i han Nhflng
gilng vien nio khfing du nang lflc, trinh dp
ho$c khfing ed dfl dieu kien (tubi cao, sflc
khoi ) d l nlng cao trinh dp chuyen mfin,
nlng Iflc quin ly cln ra soil, sing loc, bb tri,
sap xep lal cho phfl hpp Uu tien vige dao tgo
bbi dfldng dpi ngu nhln Iflc d nhflng chuyfin
nginh cdn thie'u, dpi ngu nhln Iflc d d c ITnh
vfle mui nhpn
Ba li, d e ban, nganh chflc nang can chfl
trpng hpp tie qud'c te ve phat triln NNL giao
due dgi hpc, cao dang thdng qua d c chfldng
trinh, dfl I n ngin han v l dai han trong viee
dao tgo, boi dfldng nang cao, chuan hoi trinh
dfi cho dfil ngu gilng vifen dai hpe, cao ding
efla Vflng Tin dung d c nguon vien trd thfeng
qua d c chfldng trinh hpp tie song phflpng,
da phflong vdl d c nudc, d c to ehfle qud'c te
v l cic tb chflc phi ehfnh phu de ting eudng
dau tfl cho dio tao va phit trien NNL gilo due
dai hpe, eao dang hien eo
Bdn la, xky dflng dpi ngu giang vifin du
vfe sb Ifldng v l ed trinh dp ehuyen mfin cao,
thu hut nhln t l i v l cd che dfi dai ngd hpp ly
Hifin nay, sb Ifldng gilng vifin d d e trudng
dgi hpe, eao dang cfin thie'u rat nhieu, trinh dp
chuyen mfin ehfla eao; nhieu trfldng dgi hpc
khbng ed phfi gilo sfl, dfii ngu gilng vien mfit
sb it I I tle'n sy, thge sy, cbn lal phan ddng II
cfl nhln Vi vay, c l n tang efldng cfing tac xay
dflng dfii ngu gllng vien cfi pham chit dgo
dflc v l nlng luc tfi't; tao dfing lue de giang
vifen phl'n dl'u hpc tap v l ren luyen Mat
khac, can thu hflt nhln t l i , cae n h i gilo, nhi khoa hpc d nudc ngoai, Vigt kibu v i o phgc vg trong d c trfldng dai hpc Mubn vay, can c6 ehe db dai ngfe xflng ding; phli tgo dflpe mbi trfldng Ilm vific tfi't, hi'p din, khife'n cho gilng vien yfeu nginh, yeu nghfe, nhflng nhi khoa hpc Viet Nam 6 nudc ngoli mufen ve phyc vg di't nfldc
Nam li, xky dflng chinh sich dai ngp
thoa dang cho dfii ngu gilng vifen, nhfl ehinh sach tifen Ifldng, thudng, phy d p flu dai hpp
ly D I sfl dung cd higu q u i nhln Iflc gilo dye dai hpc, eao dang v l nlng cao chit lupng nhln Iflc giao dye dgi hpe, cao ding thi tifen Iflpng II mfit trong nhflng yfeu tb quan trpng
Nb I I dbn biy kieh thfch ngfldi lao dbng nlng eao trinh dp chuyen mon nghigp vy, nhifit tinh cbng tic D l ngfldi lao dfing dim blo cufec sfi'ng, ybn tim cbng t i c gilng dgy, quin ly giao dye vl sfl nghiep doi mdi toin di^n nen giao due nfldc nhi, d n eb ehe dp chinh sach tien Ifldng dflng dan, hpp ly (mfle IflPng tot thieu phll dam blo dflpe mflc sbng thge te eua dpi ngu nhan Ifle glao dye trong dieu klen
g i l c l lufin bie'n dpng trong nen kinh te thj trudng d mdi thdi ky) H d n thinh viec xay dung djnh mflc lao dbng, che dp tam vtec cOa dfil ngu nhln lflc gilo dye - dio tao Cln tiln tdi cb hlnh thfle chi t r i lfldng theo hpc him, hpc vj nhim khuyin khieh nhflng ngfldi eb trinh dfi eao, dong thdi kich thich ngfldi lao dfing nlng cao kie'n thfle ehuyen mbn nghe nghigp, nhfl hoc cao hpc, nghien cflu sinh, nang eao trinh dp chuyen mbn n
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Chli'n lugc phat trien giao dtfC Viet
Nam giai doan 2011 - 2020
2 Nghiem Dinh Vy - Nguyin Die Hflng,
Phit trien giio dtfC vi dio tao nhan tii, Nxb
CTQG, HN 2002