REN Ki NANG NOI CHO HOC SINH LOP 1 NHIN TIT CHUONG TRINH, SACH GIAO KHOA TIENG VIET HIEN HANH VA CONG NGHE GIAO DUC Vu Thi Thanh Tam* TOM TAT Viec day hpc Tieng Viet cho hpe sinh lap 1 noi chung a tru[.]
Trang 1REN Ki NANG NOI CHO HOC SINH LOP 1 NHIN TIT CHUONG TRINH, SACH GIAO KHOA TIENG VIET HIEN HANH VA CONG NGHE GIAO DUC
Vu Thi Thanh Tam*
TOM TAT
Viec day hpc Tieng Viet cho hpe sinh lap 1 noi chung a truong ti6u hpe hien nay dang dugc tign hanh dong thai tbeo nhieu mo hinh, nhieu bp ehuang trinh, sdch giao khoa v6i muc tieu ehung la hinh thanh va phat trien a hpc sinh cac ki nang sii dung tieng Viet lam phuang tien hpc t|p va giao tiep Xem xet rieng ve n^i dung dgy hpc ki nang noi, chung toi nhan thiy co nhiing diSm khae biet, cSn dugc quan tam khi t6 chiic day hpc giira chuang hinh, saeh gido khoa Tigng Viet hi?n hanh va chuang trinh, sach giao khoa tiSng Viet - Cong nghS gido due Bcri vay, bai vilt nay di vdo phan tieh, lam ro nhiing dac di^m ca ban cua mSi bo ehuang trinh, sach gido khoa lam ea sa giup giao vi&i co thS van dung t6t vao hogt dong day hpc ciia minh
Tir khda: Id nang noi, ehucmg trinh, sach gido khoa Tigng Viet, eong nghe gido due,
D R I L L I N G SPEAKING SKILLS F O R 1ST GRADERS,
AN ANALYSIS F R O M T H E C U R R E N T CURRICULUM AND
T H E VIETNAMESE T E X T B O O K AND T H E EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Teaching the \^etnamese lai^uage for first graders at elementary school in general is currently being carried out simultaneously with several models, programs and textbooks, bearing the common goal of forming and developing leaners'skills of usmg Vietnamese as a means of study and eomraunieation Regarding the teaching of speaking skiUs alone, we find diversities which should be considered when organizing teaching activities between the current Vietnaraese program and textbook and the program and textbook of Vietnamese-educational technology Therefore, this article intends to analyze, clarify the basic characteristics of each program and textbook, as a basement for teachers to utilizmg their teaching job more effectively
Keywords: speaking skills, program ofVietnamese, textbook of Vietnaraese, educational technology
1 Md flAU sii dwig ti^ng Viet lam phuang tien hpc tap va
giao tiep tiong cae m6i tru6ng hoat dOng ciia liia Trong chuang trinh (CT) gido dye pho thong ^ = „ ; , , , , , ^
,^T. cap tieu hpe, mon Tieng Viet rat duge coi tipng ^,^i^^.^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^^ y^^^ „ ^ 2000 (con
voi raye tieu quan tipng nhdt la hinh thanh v^ g^j i^ cT, SGK TiSng Viet hien hanh) eiing nhu phdt triln 6 hpc sinh (HS) cae kT nang sii dung C6ng ngh? giao due lop 1 diu dupe xay dimg tiSng Vi?t (nghe, noi, doc, viet) de giiip cdc em theo quan diem giao tiep, dae biet la vai sir thiet
• CN, Trudng Tieu hQC thvc hdnh
Trang 2dpc ldp voi eae ki nang bp ph|n edn ren luyen
a cde miic dO khae nhau Tir thi^e te triSn khai
thyc hien song song hai bp CT, SGK nay a lop
1, d p tieu hpc, bdi viet rau6n tap trung phan tieh
de dua ra rapt cdi nhin khdi qudt ve nhimg net
gi6ng va khde biSt ttong vi§c thue hien ciing rapt
raye tieu dgy hpc ve ki nang noi a moi bp CT,
SGK nay
Chuang trinh mon Tilng Vi^t 1 a tiiu hpc yeu eau viec day hpe phai dam bao raue tieu hmh thanh va phdt trien cho HS day dii 4 ky nang (nghe, noi, dpc, vifit) Trong do ky nang noi dupe luySn tap dpc ldp vd ket hcrp vai cae ky nang dpc, nghe, viet theo tiing ki nang bp phan ciia ki nang noi vd theo cdc raiie dp can dat cu thS nhu sau:
f^ Chi5 d^ J | | ^ ^ ^ L _ ^'^'^ ^9 '^^^ ^^^
1 Phdt dra
2 Su dyng nghi thiic
lai noi
3 Dat va tia lai
edu hoi
4 Thuat viec,
kS ehuy?n
5 Phat bieu
thuyet trinh
- Noi ro rang, dii nghe Noi liSn raaeh ca eau
- Bude dau eo y thiie khac phue loi phat ara
- Co thdi dp lieh su tu nhien khi noi
- Biet noi loi chdo hoi, chia tay tiong gia dinh,
truong hpc
- Biet trd Icri diing vao npi dung cau hoi Noi
thanh cau
- Buac dau biet dat eau hoi dan gian
- Ke duac ra6t doan hoae cd mdu chuy$n e6
nOi dung dan gian duge nghe thay, co ke tien
16p (ket hpp voi nhin tranh minh hpa, dpc 16i
ggi y dudi tranh)
Bigt gioi thieu rapt vai eau ve minh, ve nguai
than hoae ve rapt vdi d6 vat quen thupc,
:^ Ghi chii ^ ^ ^ |
Noi dung lugt lai, nhbi vao ngucfi nghe khi noi
"1
(Theo Le Thi Phuang Nga vd cdc cpng su, Gido trinh phuong phdp dqy hgc Tieng Viit d Tieu hgc I Nxb Suphqm)
Til nhihig yeu cdu cu the can dat cho m6i ki
nang noi bp phan nhu tien, viec day hgc vk ki
nang noi cho HS 16p 1 hi?n nay c6 thg dupe lira
ehpn tiln hanh theo mpt tiong hai bp CT, SGK
la CT, SGK Tilng Viet tiiu hpc nam 2000 vd CT,
SGK Tieng Viet - Cong nghe giao dye Qua phan
tieh, ehiing toi nhgn thay c6 nhiing diera khdc
biet ca ban ve npi dung dgy hpe ciing nhu h^
thdng bai tap dl t6 ehuc, hu6ng din cho HS flnic
banh, luy?n tap kT nang noi nhu sau:
2.L Ve npi dung dqy hgc kindng ndi 2.1.1 Chuang trinh, Sdch gido khoa Tieng Viet hiin hdnh
Chuang trinh Tieng Viet nara 2000 dugc bien soan dua tien nhihig dinh hudng: dgy tieng Viet thong qua boat dpng giao tiep; tan dyng nhftng kinh nghiera sii dung tilng Viet ciia HS; van dung quan diem tich hgp trong day tieng Vi?t; kit hgp day tilng Vi?t vcri day van boa va day
Trang 3rto qua tat ea cac gia hpc nhung tdp trung nhat
la a cae gio Ke chuyen va Tap lam van Rieng
d ldp 1, HS ehu yeu dupe ren Id nang noi thong
qua luy?n noi theo ehii dl a eu6i m6i bai Hge
van, cdc bdi Luyen tap tdng hgp va trong cde tiet
K I chuy?n
Saeh gido khoa radn Tieng Vi$t hi?n hanh tgo
ra nhi6u ca hgi cho HS luyfn noi cho HS Ngay
tu nhiing bai hpe dau tien ciia lap 1, HS da dugc
luy?n noi theo chii de Nhihig ehii de luyen noi
eu6i raoi bai hpc van a 16p 1 neu thyc hi?n tot
se vira giiip HS on cae dm van vira hpc, viia tao
khong khi hge tap thodi mdi, thdn thiSn, viia g6p
phdn ren kT nang noi theo chii dl cho HS, Nhimg
chu dl nay giin giii vdi ddi sdng hdng ngay va cac
hoat dpng giao tiSp thong thudng ciia HS nhu;
Some, ba md; Nhd tre; Be vd bqn be; Ngucri ban
tdt; Diim 10; Bua com, Win cdc chii dl nay,
khi thyc hi?n npi dung dgy hpc r^n kT nang ndi,
GV CO thi cho HS sdm vai nhdn vdt, thi hien tinh
cdm ciia dng ba, ba me da yeu thucmg, quan tdm,
eham sdc em, hoae nhung tinh cam, vi?c lara cua
em thi hien su hiiu thdo cua rapt nguoi chdu,
ngudi con ddi vdi ong bd, cha m? eiia minh Dieu
ndy phii hgp vdi tam li HS Idp 1 va thu|ui Igi eho
viee dgy hpc theo nguyen tac giao tiep Miie do
yeu cdu va hinb thue thi hien eua he thdng bai
tap di tir dan gian din phiic tap Neu nhu tiong
phin luyen dm vdn ehi yeu cdu HS ndi mdt cau
hay nhilu eau gin vdi am vdn mdi hpc thi tiong
phdn Luyen tgp tdng hgp Igi yeu cdu HS co kT
nang ndi a mire dg eao han nhu ndi tiong hdi
thogi, noi ddc thogi, ndi cae eau lien kit vdi nhau
tgo thanh y Ngi dung cac bai tap thi hien thdng
qua cac hinh thiic khac nhau; hinh thiic sii dyng
nghi thiic ldi ndi, hinh thiic dat cdu hdi va tia ldi
cdu hdi, hinh thiic thuat vi?e va kl ehuy?n, hinh
thuc nhdn xet, dinh gid
nghi gido due
Ciing nhu trong CT Tieng Vi6t nam 2000, trong CT Tieng Viet - Cdng nghe giao due, viee hinh thanh va phdt trien cdc kT nang sir dung tieng Viet ludn dugc ehu tiong eimg vdi yeu cau eung cap tri thiic tieng Viet cho HS Dac biet, CT Tieng Viet 1- Cdng nghe giao due da xem xet cdc
kT nang trong raoi quan he chat che khdng the tdeh rdi KT nang nghe - ndi la nhung kJ nang eo ban, tgo tien de viing chac cho kT nang dpe va viet Cd bdn kT nang nghe - ndi - dpe - viet duge tdng hgp va kiera soat trong quy trinh hinh thanh
vd phat triSn kT nang viet Chinh vi vay, ngodi vi?e ty ehiem ITnh eae kien thirc qua boat ddng
tu tidi nghiera, HS edn dupe hinh thanh cac kT nang tuong img rapt each tu nhien Tu tudng do
da dugc the hien ngay tien ten ggi hg thdng viSe lam ey the raa moi bdi hpe yeu eau: Viee 1 - Chiera IThh ngii am: giup HS ed kT nang phan tich, kT nang khdi quat hda Viec 2 - Vilt: hpc sinh dung ki ty de ma hda
am thanh dudi dang chir viSt va eung co cae kT nang khac
Viec 3 - Dgc: dua ti^n kit qua da duge hinh thanh mdt cdeh vung ehae tu viee 1 va viec 2,
HS dge va phan biet chinh ta mot each chinh xae Viec 4 - Vilt chinh ta: thdng qua quy trinh vilt chinh ta, HS khdng ehi dugc luyen tap cung
cd kiln thirc vd kT nang da dugc hge trong qud trinh hoat ddng ma gido vien edn kiem sodt dugc ket qud eudi ciing cua HS qua san pham
Cd thi khing dinh, CT Tilng Viet 1 - Cdng nghe giao dye khdng chi giiip tie nam chac kien thuc ngir am, hinh thdnh eae KN ngdn ngir nhu mdt cdng cu dae lire tiong hge tap ma cdn giiip
HS phat trien khd nang phan tich va tu duy ngon ngii rapt cdeh ehae chan thdng qua he thdng viec lam khoa hpc, tudng rainh Tuy nhien, viec sir
Trang 4chua dugc quan tdra nhieu
2.2 Ve he thdng bdi tqp ren kindng noi
2.2.1 He thong bdi tqp ren ki ndng ndi trong
Sdch gido khoa Tieng Viit
- Bdi tap luyin ndi trong phdn Hgc vdn:
Trong phdn Hpc van, cd the eho HS ren kl
nang ndi qua he thdng eae bai tiip Iam quen vdi
dm va chir va eae bai tdp luyen tap cac am van
mdi Mdi he thdng bai tap nay cd th6 co chia
thdnh ede kilu, logi khdc nhau dl ren kT nang
ndi nhu;
LuySn ndi theo ehu de tianh (ttong bdi "Lam
quen vdi am va chir") (06 bai tap) Vi du: bdi 2
(b), Luy^n ndi: Tre em vd loai vat dang bpc bai,
Cac be chai xep hinh (C6 5 ttanh ve cdnh dang
hpe bdi); bdi 4 (ddu ?): ndi vS "be", tde dung ciia
nd tiong ddi sdng
Luy?n ndi theo ehu de e6 li6n quan den am
-vin mdi hgc (86 bai) Vi dy bdi 10: (d, a) Luyen
ndi theo chii de "Bd hd"; bai 34 (ui, ui): Luy?n
noi theo chii de "Ddi niii"
Luy^n ndi theo nghi thiie ldi ndi (02 bdi) Vi
du bai 48 (m, un): Ndi ldi xin ldi; bdi 60 (on,
am): Ndi ldi cam an,
- Bdi tqp ren kindng noi trongphdn Luyen
tap tong hgp:
Trong noi dung day hpe nay cd cac dang bai
tap ren ki nang ndi cu the nhu: Bai t§p ren ki
nang ndi eae cau chiia tieng cd van cdn luyen vd
bdi tdp ren kT nang ndi theo ehii de Trong dd, vdi
dang bdi tap r^n kJ nang ndi cdc cau chiia tieng
cd vdn cdn !uy$n, ed the td chiie cho HS luy^n
ndi cau chira tieng cd van cho trude (20 bdi)
Vidy: Ndi eau ehiia tieng co vdn "ao" hoae "au"
Mau:
- Sao sang tten bau tidi
- Cac ban ni nhau di hpc
ndi cae edu chiia tieng ed van cho trudc (01 bai)
Vi dy Nhin ttanh ndi cau ehiia tilng cd vin
"at, ac"
Vdi dgng bai tap ren kT nang ndi theo ehu dl, SGK dua ra cdc bdi tdp ndi theo bai vdi edc yeu cdu nhu tra ldi cdu bdi theo tranh (01 bai)
Vidy:
+ Tranh 1 - Mau: Ai nau com cho bgn an?
+ Tranh 2 - Mau: Ai raua quan ao radi eho ban? -I- Tranh 3 - Mdu: Ai cham sdc khi ban dm? +Tranh 4 - MSu: Ai vui khi ban dugc dilm mudi? Hay luyen ndi ve rapt sy vat, sv viee lien quan den ndi dung bai tap dge (9 bai), vi du nhu: Ndi ve ngdi nha ma udc; Ndi ve nhiing con vat raa em yeu thich,
Ben eanh dd, SGK Tieng Viet 1 hien hanh Cling xdy dung cdc dang bdi tap hdi - ddp rat linh
hoat d% giup HS cd the luyen ndi ttong chinh cac
boat ddng hdi thoai giiia HS vdi giao vien hogc giiia cde HS vdi nhau, bao gdm;
Dgng 1; Hdi - dap ve rapt sy viee, mdt ngudi, mdt su vat, bien tugng lien quan den nOi dung bai tap dge (10 bai)
Dgng 2: Hdi dap theo ndi dung bai tap dpc (01 bai)
- Bdi tap ren Id ndng ndi theo nghi thiec ldi noi
Saeh giao khoa Tilng Viet 1 budc ddu ciing xdy dung cae dang bai tap ren kT nang ndi theo cac nghi thiic Idi ndi de giiip HS budc ddu lam quen, hieu duge cde nghi thiic giao tiep ngdn ngii ciia ngudi Viet, bao gdra:
Kilu 1: Ndi lin chao theo tinh hudng giao tiSp
tunhiSn(OI bdi)
Vi dy: Tap ndi ldi chao cua be vcri me tmdc khi be vdo ldp, ldi ndi eiia b6 vdi ed giao trudc
khi be ra ve
Trang 5hudng ttong bai bpc Kilu nay cung ehi cd 01 bdi
Vl du: Ndi ldi chdo hdi eua Mmh: Khi ggp
bdc dua thu, khi mdi bae uong nude
2.2.2 Hi thdng bdi tap ren kindng ndi trong
Sdch gido khoa Cdng nghi gido due
Chuang trinh, SGK Tilng Viet - Cdng nghe
gido due khdng ed phan luyen ndi rieng biet
Nguyen Iy phat trien eiia bai hpe ttong ehuang
trinh day hpe nay la di tir tdng quat den cu the
nghTa Id tdch ddi tupng ehiem Imh ra thanh eae
phgm tni rieng biet: ldi ndi, tieng, am, van Npi
dung luy^n ndi duac long ghep ttong tiing phan
va ttong m6i bdi hgc Ndi dung day hpc eua CT
Tieng Viet - Cdng nghe gido due dugc bien sogn
tiong 3 tap SGK, ttong dd tap 1,2 ed bdn bai hgc
Tilng Viet, rieng tap 3 gom cde bdi luyen tgp
ting hpp dl GV hudng ddn HS tu hpe Cy till
nhu sau:
Bdi 1: Tieng
Saeh giao khoa Tieng Viet - Cong nghe giao
due chi ra ring: tieng la mdt khdi am todn ven
nhu mpt "khdi liln" dugc tach ra tir Idi noi Bang
vd thdng qua viee luyen phdt am, HS se nhdn biet
nhiing tiSng gidng nhau, nhiing tieng khae nhau
hoan toan hogc nhung tieng khdc nhau mgt phdn
Mdi tilng duge phan tieh thanh cac bd phgn
cdu thdnh: phdn diu, phdn vin, thanh Theo
do, HS se hgc danh vin mdt tilng theo ea che
hai budc:
- Budc I: ddnh vin phin diu vd phin van,
Vi du; ba - /ba/ - /bd/ - /a/ - /ba/ (tilng
thanh ngang)
- Bude 2: danh vin phin thanh
Vi du; ba - /ba / - /ba/ - /huyen/ - /bd/ (them
edc thanh khae)
Bdi 2: Am
Theo CT, SGK Tilng Viet - Cdng nghe giao
ngii am nhd nhdt, dd la am vi Qua phdt dm, HS phdn bi?t duge phy am, nguydn dra, xult hi?n theo thii tu ciia bdng cbii cai tieng Viet Khi nam dugc ban chat mdi am, cdc em dung ky hieu de ghi lai Nhu vay chuang trinh Tieng Viet - Cdng nghp giao due di tir am den chir
Mgt am c6 the viet bang nhieu chii vd cd the
ed nhieu nghTa nen phdi viet dung luat ehinh ta
Do dd, eae luat ehinh ta duge dua ngay vdo tii ldp
1 vd CT, SGK Tilng Vet - Cdng nghe giao due lam rd mdi quan he giua ara va ehu ciia tieng Viet
Bdi 3: Van
Bai nay giiip HS nim dugc: Cdeh tao 4 kieu vdn tiSng ViSt; cdu tnic van tieng Viet: dm ddu, dra d?m, ara chinh, am eudi; phdt ttiln kiln thirc
vl ngii dm, phat trien nang lue phan tich vd tdng hpp ngii am dl tgo ra tieng mdi, vin radi Trong
dd, HS se dugc hpe va nara chac quy tac cau tgo bdn kilu vin eua tilng Viet thdng qua viec thuc hanh luy^n ndi, ghep vin,
- Ki6u 1 Van ehi ed am chinh
M I U 1: ba
- Kilu 2 Van ed dm dera va am chinh Mdu 2: oa
- Kilu 3 Van cd am chinh va dm cuoi Mau 3: an
- Kilu 4 Vin ed dil am dera, am chinh va am eudi Mau 4; oan
Bdi 4: Nguyin dm doi
Bai hpe nay gidi thieu eho HS cac nguyen dm
ddi eiia tilng Viet (ie, u6, ud) vl each dpc, cdch
ghi nguyen am ddi (ludt chmh ta) cung nhu cae vin chiia nguyen dra ddi, radi quan he giua eae vdn va giiip HS nhgn biet, luyen ndi tat ca cac van tiong ti6ng Vi?t
Trang 6Sdch giao khoa Tieng Viet - Cdng nghe giao
due tap 3 ddnh rieng cho phdn Luy?n tap tong
hgp vdi viee khai qudt Igi he thdng tri thire ngu
dm vd ludt ehinh ta, tii do gidi thieu eho HS cac
bai dge nhim raye dieh giup edc era dn tap Igi
kien thire ve cau tnie ngii ara tieng Viet va ren
luy?n edc kTnang nghe - ndi - dpc - viet (ehii ttpng
dpe - vilt) Tilng Vift, Gido vien se su dung tdp
saeh nay song song vdi tap 1, tap 2 de eung edp,
hudng din HS thue hanh, luyen tap edc kT nang
tilng Viet nhat la kT nang phat am, ki nang ndi
Theo CT, SGK Tilng Viet - Cdng nghe gido
dye, mdi tudn co 10 tiSt cho day hpe tieng Viet
Mdi ti6t la ragt ndi dung day hpc mdi, rat eu thg
v6 dm, tilng, van, nhung khdng ed nhiing tiet
luyen tap rieng, khdng cd bai thue hanh luyen
ndi cho HS Chinh vi the, dii cdc lilt hpc ve
dra, tidng, van,,,, nhieu nhung s6 HS duge thara
gia ndi ve ndi dung eua bai hpc lai khdng duge
nhieu vdi thue trgng sT so cac ldp bdc tieu hpe
vdn thudng tir 35 - 45 hge sinh/ldp nhu hien nay
3 K^T L U A N
Nhu vdy, nhin mgt each ehung nhat, hai bo
CT vd SGK day hge tieng Viet ldp 1 hien nay da
vd myc tieu dat ra ddi vdi vifc day hpc tilng Vift - ngdn ngii eho HS Idp 1 Cung vdi cae kT nang ngon ngii khdc, kT nang ndi dugc ea hai bO
CT, SGK chli ttpng tiang hi vdi nhiing ngi dung day hpc dugc xdy dung theo dinh hudng giao tiep Tii npi dung mdi bai hpc eho den he thdng cdc bdi tap luy?n tap, thue hanh deu the hi?n ro yeu cau td cbire, dan dat cho HS tiep thu kien thiic mdi hogc eimg co kien thiic, hinh thdnh va phat trien ki nang thdng qua viee tham gia thyc hien cdc hanh dpng ngdn ngir - hanh ddng ndi cy thi eiia chinh HS Dae biet SGK Tieng Vi?t hi?n hdnh da tao lap nhieu ea hpi, nhieu tinh hudng luyen ndi sat hpp vdi thuc t6 giao tiep eho HS Ngay tu nhiing bai hge dau tien ciia ldp 1, HS da dupe luyen ndi theo chii de Nhung chii de luyen noi cudi m§i bai hgc vdn d ldp 1 neu thuc hien tdt
se vira giup HS dn cac am van vira hoc, vua tgo khdng khi hpc tap thoai mai, than thien, vua gdp phan ren Id nang ndi tbeo chu de cho HS Cac bai Luyen tap tdng hop, cae tiet KS ehuyen d hgc ki 11 ldp 1 da tiing budc gdp phdn ren luyln vd phat trien
kl nang ndi cho HS tieu hgc
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 BpGiaoduc va Dao tao (2013),/fifowgiian thuc hiin chudn kiin thiec, ky ndng cdc mon hgc d Tiiu hgc - Ldp 1, Nxb Gido due
2 Hd Ngpe Dai (2013), Dqy Tiing Viet lop 1 - Cdng nghe gido due, tai lieu tgp huan giao viln,
Nxb Gido due
3 Hd Ngpe Dai, Ngd Hien Tuyin (2013), Thiit ki Tiing Viet lop 1 - Cdng nghe gido due, NXb
Giao due
4 H6 Nggc Dgi (2014), Tiing Viet lop 1 - Cdng nghe gido dye, Nxb Giao due
5 Ll Phuang Nga (Chu bien), Le A, Dgng Kira Nga, Dd Xudn Thdo (2015), Gido trinh phuong phdp day hoc Tiing Viet a Tiiu hgc 1, NXB DH Su phara
6 Nguyin Tri (2003), Dqy vd hgc mdn Tiing Viet a Tiiu hgc, Nxb Gido due
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 19/01/2017
Ngdy PB ddnh gid: 09/02/2017
Ngdy duyit ddng: 11/02/2017