TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM s6 9(75) ndm 2015 THlTC T R A N G , GIAI P H A P XAY D I / N G VA SlT D V N G G I A O T R I N H D I E N T\S T H E O HlTOfNG P H A T T R I E N NANG LlTC TlT H O C C H O SINH[.]
Trang 1T H l T C T R A N G , G I A I P H A P X A Y D I / N G V A SlT D V N G
G I A O T R I N H D I E N T\S T H E O HlTOfNG P H A T T R I E N N A N G LlTC T l T H O C
C H O S I N H V I E N SlT P H A M D I A L I C U A T R l T O N G D A I H Q C C A N T H O
LE VAN NHUONG*
T O M T A T
Bdi viit dd kit hgp phuang phdp nghien cuu li thuyet vd khdo sat thuc te de phdn
tich thuc trgng xdy dung vd sir dung gido trinh diin tu trong dgy hgc & Tru&ng Dgi hoc Cdn Tha ndi chung cho sinh vien Su phgm Dia li ndi rieng Kit qud nghien cuu cho thdy
gido trinh diin tir v&i su tdng cuang phim, dnh, bdn do, biiu do, bdi tap tu hgc Id cdng
cu rdt phii hap di phdt triin ndng luc tu hgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dia li Tir do tdc gid
dd de xudt mdt quy trinh xdy dung vd cdc gidi phdp su dung gido trinh dien tu di ndng cao ndng luc tu hgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dja li cua Truang Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
Tir khda: nang lyc ty hpc, giao trinh dien tir, dpng co hpc lap, thai dp hpc lap, kl
nang ly hoc
ABSTRACT
The reality of and solutions to developing and using electronic textbooks to enhance self-study competency of geography pedagogical students at Can Tho university
This paper has combined theoretical research and practical survey methods to analyze the reality of developing and using electronic textbooks in teaching at Can Tho University in general, and for Geography pedagogical students in particular The study results show that an electronic textbook enhanced with movies, photos, maps, diagrams, self-study exercises is a very suitable tool for developing selfstudy competency of Geography pedagogical students Based on these findings, the author has proposed a developing process and solutions to using electronic textbooks to enhance self-study competency of Geography pedagogical students at Can Tho University
Keywords: self-study competency, electronic textbook (E-texlbook) learning
motivation, learning attitude, self-study skills
1 D a t van de hien tai d nudc ta Tu hgc dugc xem la
Phat trien nang lyc la xu the day mpt trong nhung nang lyc chung quan hgc da va dang phd bien d nhieu qudc gia trgng, can dugc phat trien d tat ca cac
cd nen giao due phat trien tren t h i gidi mon hgc O bac Dai hgc (DH) trong dieu nhu Hoa Ki Uc, Lien minh chau A u 6 kien l i t ca cac trudng da ap dung dao tao Viet Nam, day hpc phat trien nang lyc theo He thdng tin chi thi viec phat trien dugc Bd Giao due va Dao lao dua vao ap nang lyc tu hgc cho S \ ' da trd thanh yeu dung chinh thiic d bac phd thdng tir cudi c l u b i t budc ddi vdi lat ca giao \ien nam 2013, d i n nay da thu dugc nhiing (GV) K i t qua khao sat cho thay, nhiiu ket qua tich cue Trong xu the day hpc GV da lua chpn giao trinh dien lir
ThS Tofffng Oai hoc Can Tha, Email: lvnhuong@ctu edu.vn
Trang 2(GTDT) nhu mdt cdng cu td chiic day
hpc giiip sinh vien (SV) ty hoc rit hieu
qua
Giao trinh dien tii la khai niem
ididng con xa la d6i vdi nhihig ngudi lam
cdng tac giao due d nudc ta Tuy nhien,
hien tai van cdn nhieu each hieu khac
nhau ve ndi ham cua khai niem n&y Du
hieu d goc dp nao, muc tieu quan trpng
nhat ciia cac GTDT van la phat huy tdi da
nang lyc ty hpc cua ngudi hoc, cung cap
day du thdng tin giup ngudi hpc ty kham
pha va lya chpn con dudng chiem ITnh tri
Ihiic phil hgp nhat vdi kha nang cua
minh Tir thue te nay, bai viet mudn dua
ra mpt khai niem co the bao quat dugc y
nghTa va muc tieu ma GTDT hudng tdi,
dong thdi phan loai GTDT theo cac tieu
chi khac nhau Qua bai hpc kinh nghiem
tir viec xay dyng va sir dung GTDT,
chiing tdi de xuat cac phuong phap day
hpc theo hudng phat trien nang lyc ly hpc
hieu qua hon cho SV Su pham Dia li
2 Phirong phap nghien cihi
Cac nghien ciiu li thuyet ve ty hpe,
phat trien nang lyc ty hpc va giao trinh
dien lii dugc chiing tdi tdng hgp tir nhieu
ngu6n lai lieu dam bao dp tin eay ve mat
khoa hpe nhu: sach, tap ehi khoa hpc, tap
chi chuyen nganh giao due, luan van
khoa hpc Day chinh la eo sd li luan de
tiin hanh khao sal, danh gia vi thuc trang
sir dung GTDT trong day hgc ndi chung
va day hgc Dia li ndi rieng
Ben canh eac nghien ciiu li thuyet,
tac gia cdn tiin hanh cac boat dpng khao
sat tai Khoa Su pham, Trudng Dai hgc
Cin Tho vao thang 4 nam 2014 Ddi
tuong dugc khao sat la 172 SV nam thir
Hai, Ba va Tu chuyen nganh Su pham Dia li, sau dd chpn ngau nhien 100 mlu
de xu li bang phln mim SPSS Chiing tdi khdng chgn SV nam Nhlt tham gia khao sat vi nhung SV nay chi mdi lam quen vdi mdi trudng dai hpc, viec ty hgc chua
cd dinh hudng ro rang Ket qua khao sat dugc diing de khang dinh ve tinh cap thiet ciia viec xay dyng va sii dung GTDT trong day hpc Dia li theo hudng phat trien nang luc ty hpc
Tir thyc te td chiic day hpc tren LMS eae hpc phan Dia li Ty nhien Ban
do hgc vdi GTDT, dong thdi dya tren nang lyc hien lai ciia SV Su pham Dia li, chiing loi de xuat nhutig yeu cau can thiet trong viec xay dyng va sir dung GTDT nham phat huy tot nhat nang lye tu hge cua SV
3 Ket qua nghien ciiii
3.1 Phdt trien n&ng luc tu hgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dia li
u Phdt trien ndng luc tu hoc
Nhiiu tac gia da neu quan diem cua minh vi ty hge nhu: Nguyin Canh Toan (1997), Thai Duy Tuyen (1998), Nguyin
Ky (1998), Trln Phuang (2005) [6], [7] Tuy nhien, eae quan diem nay ehu yiu tap trung vao nhiing kT nang ty hge
di chiim ITnh tri thiic ma khong de cap din khia canh dgng co va thai do hgc tap Nhdm tac gia Tnnh Quoc Lap (2008) [3]
da nghien ciiu va dua khai niem kha day dil ve nang lyc ty hgc, trong do nhan manh mdi quan he giiia dpng co va thai
do hpc tap
Tdng hgp quan diem cua nhieu tae
gia, cd the khang dinh ndng luc tu hgc
cua timg chu the (ngudi hgc) ludn co sy
Trang 3khac biet nhlt dinh, phat trien nang luc tu
hgc la dua tren nhiing diem gjdng va
khac biet ciia cac chu the de giiip ngucri
hpc cd dugc [3]:
Dgng CO hgc tap diing din;
Kha nang tu quan li viec hgc, tu
lam viec, ly danh gia ket qua hgc tap va
ty dieu chinh viec hgc ciia minh;
Kha nang lam viec dgc lap \ a hgp
tac vdi ngudi khac;
Thai do lich cyc ddi vdi viec hgc
b Phdt trien ndng luc tu hgc cho sinh
vien Supham Dia li
Trong 4 nhdm cdng viec can lam de
phat trien nang luc ly hgc thi ^up S\" cd
dugc dgng co hgc tap dung din va thai
do hpc tap tich cue la nhihig cong viec
chung, dugc thuc hien gidng nhau ddi vdi
tit ca S\' trong dd cd SV su pham; 2
cdng viec cdn lai la phat trien kha nang
ty quan li tu danh gia, ty dieu chinh va
kha nang lam viec ddc lap, hgp tac vdi
ngudi khac la nhiing cdng viec mang tinh
dac thil ciia timg chuyen nganh Ddi vdi
S\' Su pham Dia li tinh dac tfaii nay dugc
the hien qua 4 nhdm nang lyc ty hgc can
dugc phat trien gdm: nang lyc lap ki
hoach nang lyc chuyen mdn, nang lyc
nghiep \u su pham, nang lyc kiem tra
danh gja, cu the:
Nliom nang lyc lap ke hoach gdm:
lap ke hoach hgc tap, dang ki hpc phln
Nhdm nang lyc chuyen mdn gdm:
nang luc tu duy tdng hgp lanh thd nang
Iuc su dung phuong lien da\ hgc (ban dd,
bieu dd phim, anh ), nang luc nghien
Cliu khoa hgc Dia H
Nhom nang luc nghiep vu su pham
gdm: trinh ba> van de phan tich ndi dung
tai lieu, soam giao an, tap giang, quan sat, hgp tac vdi giao vien khac va hgc sinh Nhdm nang luc Idem tra danh gia:
ra de, lam bai kiem tra
3.2 Gido trinh dien tu vd vai tro cda
nd doi vdi viec phdt trien ndng iuc tu hgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dia li
u Khdi niem Gido trinh dien tu
Hien tai cd nhieu quan diem khac nhau \ e GTDT Theo trang web vi GTDT ciia Bg Giao due va Dao tao Viet Nam (ebook.edu.vn), GTDT la cac tap tin dien tii cd ndi dung it nhlt ciing bang giao trinh in; Nhdm day hpc Intel thi cho rang GTDT la loai tai lieu hd irg hgc tap hieu qua thdng qua kenh hinh va kenh phim; Mang day hgc true tuyen Moodie lai tap trung phat trien cac GTDT d dang lap tin word, pdf hoac html phuc vu day hgc true tuyen
Qua qua trinh xay dyng, sii dung GTDT trong day hgc cho sinh vien ehuyen nganh Su pham Dia Ii va tdng hgp nhieu quan diem khac nhau, chiing
tdi dua ra khai niem sau: Gido trinh diin
tir Id mgt dgng tdi lieu dien tu phuc vu dgy hoc duac tgo ra bdng cdc phdn mem mdy tinh Tdi lieu nay tdn tgi a nhieu dinh dang vd co the sic dung du&i hinh thuc ofline hoac online Ngi dung GTDT dugc thiet ke thdnh nhieu tap hgp bdi hgc
CO thai lirgngphii hgp v&i tung ddi tugng ngu&i hoc khde nhau tren ca sa tdng cuang kenh phim, dnh, bdn do, sado O mdi chd de kien thuc (bdi hgc hogc chuang) deu cd tdi lieu tham khdo; cdu hdi bdi tap tu hgc; ggi y, hir&ng ddn phuang phap hgc; cdc cdng cu hd trg tuang tdc giira ngu&i hpc vdi tdi lieu, v&i
Trang 4ngu&i hgc khac vd v&i tdc gid giiip phdt
huy tdi da ndng luc tu hgc cua ngu&i hgc
b Phdn logi Gido trinh dien tic
Dua tren cac lieu chi khac nhau, cd
thi phan loai GTDT nhu sau:
Theo dinh dgng, cd GTDT d cac
dang file word, pdf, html, aps, php,
77760 mice do tuang tdc: GTDT
tuong tac mpt chieu, hai chieu va da
chieu
Theo chuyen ngdnh, GTDT xay
dyng theo cac ehuyen nganh Toan, Van
hpc, Dia li hoac chuyen nganh hep hon
nhu: Khoa hgc Trai Dat, Van hgc Viet
Nam, Lich su Viet Nam can dai,
Theo muc do su dung, GTDT dugc
chia tnanh 3 cap do nhu sau:
+ Cdp do I: 6 cap dp nay, GTDT
dugc sd hda thanh tap tin word, PDF
hoac mpt dang tap lin dpc tuong ty lir
giao trinh in No dugc sir dung gidng nhu
mpt giao trinh in va chi cd kha nang
tuong tac 1 chieu tir giao trinh den ngudi
dpc
+ Cdp do 2: GTDT dugc trinh bay
dudi dang cae trang web sieu Hen ket, cd
sy h6 trg cua anh, phim, ban dd, bieu
do, Ngudi hpc CO the tuong lac vdi
giao trinh Ihdng qua eac bai tap (cd dap
an, chim diim va phan h6i) d timg bai
hoac timg chuong
+ Cdp do 3: GTDT dugc trinh bay
dudi dang eac trang web sieu lien kit, co
sy ho trg cua anh, phim, ban dd, biiu
dd va dugc sii dung de td chiic day hgc
thdng qua he thong ho trg day hpc tryc
tuyin (LMS - Learning Manage System)
Ngudi hpc cd the tuong tac vdi giao
trinh, vdi giao vien va nhung ngudi hgc
khae qua cac cdng cu hd trg cua LMS ma khdng cin tryc tiip din ldp GV td chiic cac boat dpng day hpc, kiim tra danh gia tren eo sd kit hgp giao trinh vdi LMS
Trong qua trinh day hge, GV co thi xay dung GTDT ciia chuyen nganh minh theo 3 c^p dp nhu da n^u Tiiy theo nang luc ngudi hpc ma sii dung giao trinh d cap do phil hgp de td chuc day hgc thi hieu qua mang lai se cao hon
c Vai tro cda GTDT trong viic phdt trien nang luc tu hgc cho SV Su phgm Dia li
* Tdc dgng den dgng ca hgc tap ciia sinh vien
Dgng CO hpc tap la yeu to quyet dinh den sy thanh cdng trong hpc tap 6 bac Dai hpc, dgng co hpc tap phan Idn bal ngudn ty sy dam me va y thiic vuon len lam chu nghe nghiep ciia SV Trong day hpc Dia li, chinh sy kit hgp hai hda giira kien thiic chuyen nganh va cae tien
bg ciia khoa hgc cdng nghe cua GTDT, dac biet la sy tang cudng ve am thanh, hinh anh, phim, ban do, bieu dd da dem lai sy hung thii trong hpc tap cho
SV, tir do lam tang niem dam me kham pha, chiem ITnh tri thirc chuyen nganh Hpc tap vdi GTDT cung chinh la co hpi
de SV ren luyen kT nang tin hpe - mpt trong nhiing cdng cu quyet dinh den sy thanh cdng cua nghe nghiep trong tuong lai
*• Tdc dgng den khd ndng tu qudn li,
tu ldm viic, tu ddnh gid vd tu dieu chinh
Trong diiu kien hgc tap theo He thdng tin chi, SV phai chu dpng trong tat
ca cac boat dpng tir lap ke hogch hpc tap
Trang 5loan khda den dang ki hpc phan, xay
dyng ke hoach de hoan thanh eac hpc
phan; Hay don gian ban la lap ke hoach
di hoan thanh cac nhiem vu do GV dat
ra C) dau moi giao trinh hoac dau mdi
chuemg cua GTDT deu cd phan gidi thieu
chi tiet ve ndi dung, muc lieu can dat va
hudng dan ty hpe, SV de dang dya tren
nhiing ggi y nay de lap ke hoach hpc tap
phil hgp cho minh Cac bai tap ty luan,
trac nghiem khach quan hoac dy an (cd
the dugc thiet ke dudi dang Webquesl)
chinh la cdng cu hd trg dac lye giiip SV
ty kiem Ira, danh gia nang lyc de ty dieu
chinh d timg giai doan nham dat dugc
muc tieu dat ra d miic dp cao nhat
* Tdc ddng den khd ndng ldm viec
ddc lap vd hgp tdc v&i ngu&i khde
Trong day hgc Dia H, hge tap vdi
GTDT doi hdi SV phai chu ddng hoan
loan ve tien dp hpc tap cua minh Khi xay
dyng GTDT, GV da xac dinh ro muc lieu
va nhiem vu can hoan thanh d timg giai
doan va ca hpc phan De hoan thanh cac
nhiem vu dd, SV phai tu than nd lyc
yong viec tim kiim tai lieu, xay dyng ki
hoach hpc lap, ddng thdi phai chii ddng
trong viec hgp tac vdi ban be, trao ddi
vdi GV, lam viec nhom, lam dy an
Trong qua trinh nd lyc hoan thanh nhiem
vy ban than mdi SV se phat triin dugc
nang lyc lam viee ca nhan va hgp tae vdi
ngudi khac (ban be, GV )
* Tdc dgng den thdi do hgc tap cua
sinh vien
Thai dp hgc tap la trang thai tam 11
cua SV dugc cau thanh bdi 3 yiu t6:
nhan thiic, xiie cam - tinh cam va hanh
vi Thai do hgc tap chiu tac ddng bdi
nhan td gia dinh, nha trudng va nhan thiic eua ban than ngudi hpc CJ bac dfii hpc, nhan td lac ddng manh me nhat den thai
dp hpc tap cua SV ehinh la mdi trudng hpc tap va nhan thiic ciia ban than GTDT tao mdi trudng hpc tap mpi liic, mpi noi Dac biet vdi cdng cu dac trung
la sieu lien ket (Hyperlink), GTDT giiip ngudi hpc ed the lien ket den bat cii noi dau ma cdng nghe Internet cho phep, ngudi hpc de dang tim kiem cac thdng tin
ma hg can trong ngi dung giao trinh va ca nhimg thdng tin md rpng tir mang Internet Mdi trudng hpc tap thoai mai, Ihdng tin tim kiem de dang giup ngudi hgc ty tin hon vao nang lyc eua ban than, nhan thiic tich cue hon ve nganh nghe eiia minh dang theo dudi
4.4 Xdy d^ng vd sir dung GTDT phuc
vu dgy hpc theo hu&ng phdt trien nang Iuc tuhgc cho sinh vien Suphgm Dja li
a Thuc trgng sic dung gido trinh diin tic trong dgy hgc vd dgy hgc Dia li (khdo sdt tgi Tru&ng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha)
Ket qua khao sat tir co sd dir lieu cua Trung tam hgc lieu - Trudng DH Cin Tho din thang 02 nam 2015 cho thay Trung tam dang luu trii 706 GTDT cua cac khoa/vien/bp mdn/trung tam (gpi chung la khoa) Hlu hit GTDT dugc xay dyng dudi dang PDF, trong do khoa Su pham chiem sd lugng nhieu nhat vdi 200 giao trinh Tuy nhien, cae cac giao trinh nay chu yeu dugc su dung vdi vai tro la tai lieu tham khao ma khdng phuc vu trye tiip di td chiic day hge
Khao sat ve cac khda hge tryc tryc tuyin tren he thdng quan li day hgc tryc tuyin DOKEOS cua Trudng DH Cin
Trang 6Tho cho thay s6 lugng khda hpc dugc td
chiie tren he thdng nay len den 1478 d ca
bac cao hpe va dai hpc Trong do, Khoa
Kinh le va Quan tri kinh doanh la khoa
cd sd lugng khda hpe tryc tuyen nhieu
nhat vdi 554 khoa, Khoa Su pham xep
thii tu tren tdng sd 16 khoa Tuy nhien, sd
lugng GTDT dugc xay dyng de phuc vu
tryc tiep cho cae khoa hpe nay chi la 317,
chiem 21,4% tong sd khda hpc Khao sat
cung cho thay, cac GTDT phan Idn dugc
xay dung dudi dang PFD, chuyen tir giao
trinh in sang dien tir Cac giao trinh nay
chua dam bao dugc yeu cau giup SV ty
hpc hieu qua dan den chat lugng day hge
vdi GTDT chua cao
Khoa Su pham hien cd 10 bp mdn,
rieng bO mdn Su pham Dja li cd 17/200
GTDT dugc luu trir d Trung tam hgc lieu
va 11/152 khda hpc dugc td chuc tren he
lh6ng DOKEOS, chiim lln lugt la 8,5%
va 7,2% sd lugng GTDT va khda hpc
tryc tuyen ciia Khoa Qua dd cd thi khing dinh, mac dii da cd mot sd GV xay dyng va sir dung GTDT trong day hpc Dia li nhung s6 lugng va ti Ie vin chua cao so vdi mat blng chung ciia Trudng
va Khoa, do la chua xet vi khia chit lugng va miic dp sir dung Thyc trang tren doi hdi phai cd nhung nghien ciiu quy cii ve viec xay dyng va sir dung GTDT trong day hpc Dia li, giiip nang cao hieu qua sir dung GTDT nhlt ia sir dung de phat trien nang lyc ty hgc cho
SV
b Xdy dung GTDT phuc vu dgy hgc cho SV Su phgm Dia li theo hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc tu hgc
* Su cdn thiit phdi xdy dung GTDT phuc vu dgy hgc Dja li & bdc Dgi hgc
Khao sal 100 SV Su pham Dia li nam thii hai, ba va tu ve kenh ty hgc mang lai hieu qua trong hgc tap, ket qua thu dugc nhu sau:
Bdng 4.1 Mice do t^c hoc v&i cdc kenh hd trg cua sinh vien Suphgm Dia li
Kenh tu* hoc
Bai giang tren giay cua giao vien
Giao trinh dien tu
Sach ttr trung tam hgc lieu Truang
Cac bao va tgp chi chuyen nganh
Mang xa hoi
Internet
Mirc do tu- hoc (%) Thirtmg
xuyen
65
84
66
57
68
72
Thinh thoang
13
3
16
4
6
4
Khong thu'ong xuyen
22
13
18
39
26
24
(Kit qud Ichdo sdt tal Khoa Supham, Trudng BH Cdn Tha, thdng 4/2014 n=lOO)
Trang 7TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
Nhu vay, cd den 84% SV Su pham
Dia li ty hgc thudng xuyen vdi GTDT,
con sd nay cao hon nhieu so vdi bai
giang tren giay (65%) va eae lai lieu in
khac nhu: sach tir trung tam hpc lieu
Trudng (66%) va bao, tap chi chuyen
nganh (57%) Nhu vay, tai lieu in khdng
cdn dugc nhieu SV lya chpn de ly hpc
nhu tai lieu so Neu phoi hgp giira GTDT
vdi mang Internet (LMS, Webquest, thu
vien tryc tuyin ) thi hieu qua day hgc
mang lai cdn eao hon Dieu do dugc
ehiing minh qua ti le SV lya chgn mang
Internet ndi chimg va mang xa hpi ndi
rieng lam kenh ty hpc thudng xuyen cho
minh vdi ti le lln lugt la 72% va 68%
Cung tir cugc khao sat tren, da sd
sinh vien chpn dia diem ty hpc la d nha
hoac phdng trp (89%) va chi ty hgc khi
dugc GV giao nhiem vu (92%) Ket qua
nay ciing vdi dieu kien hau het sinh vien
da dugc trang bi may tinh ca nhan co ndi
mang Internet thi cdng cu thich hgp nhat
cho SV ty hgc chinh la GTDT Tuy
nhien, de viec ty hpc cua SV dat hieu qua
cao, GTDT phai dugc xay dyng sao cho
thdi gian va cudng do hoat dgng ty hgc
cua SV phai nhieu hon thdi gian len ldp
* Yiu cdu ve noi dung vd hinh thirc
ciia GTDT dugc xdy dung theo hu&ng
phdt trien ndng luc tu hgc cho SV Su
phgm Dia li
De dam bao hieu qua trong viec td
chuc day hgc theo hudng phat triin nang
lyc ty hge cho SV Su pham Dia li, mdt
GTDT dugc xay dyng phai dap irng cac
yeu clu ve hinh thiic lan ngi dung nhu
sau [1]:
Vi hinh thuc: Cac GTDT thudng
dugc xay dyng va chay tren trinh duyet web vdi cdng cu quan trpng nhat la cac sieu lien kit Cac bai hpc ed dp dai va thdi lugng phii hgp (khoang 2 din 3 trang) di SV khdng cam thay nang ni Ben canh dd, can chu y:
+ Mau sac cua GTDT phai nhe nhang, hai hda Chii viet phai can doi, ggn gang Hinh anh, video phai rd net,
cd ngi dung phii hgp, dam bao tinh giao due Cae video minh hpa cho ngi dung thudng khdng qua 3 phiit, video thi nghiem va GV giang bai thi co thS d^ hon Can bd tri trang tra curu cac thult ngii xuat hien trong giao trinh d noi de tim kiem nhat
+ Can phdi hgp van ban vdi kenh
hd trg nhu anh, ban do, video, so do, d nhiing phan can thiet
+ Cac bai tap, bai kiem tra, bai trac nghiem nen bd tri theo timg chuong, timg chCi de hoae bai tdng hgp, theo dp kho khac nhau
- Ve noi dung: phai day dii, chi tiet it
nhat nhu giao trinh dang an pham Ben canh do can dap iing eac yeu cau sau: + Md dau giao trinh phai cd phan npi dung hoac video gidi thieu chuong trinh mdn hpc Npi dung hoac video nay phai chiia cac thdng tin co ban de SV de dang dang ki hpc phan va lap ke hoach hge tap nhu: sd tin ehi, thdi gian md va ket thiic hpc phan, sd lugng eac chuong, muc tieu va nhiem vu dau ra, yeu cau v£ kiem tra danh gia, lai lieu can tham khao,
+ DIU mdi chuong cd sy hudng din cua giao vien, eudi chuong co tdm tit va nhan manh nhihig ndi dung chii yeu can
Trang 8TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
nam viing trong chuong va neu each lam
cac loai bai tap, bai thyc hanh trong
chuong Cin chii y tang cudng va phdi
hgp hinh anh, ban dd, bieu dd, video,
vdi van ban mpt each hgp li de khdng
lam rdi npi dung Trong cac bai hpc, cung
cin CO cae eau hdi hoac hudng dan tu hgc
de SV nam dugc ngi dung trong tam ciia
bai
+ Kit thiic GTDT cd phln tdm tit
npi dung kien thdc va cd the nSu nhihig
ldi khuyen cua GV ddi vdi SV khi xong
GTDT
* Quy trlnh xdy dung GTDT theo
hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc tu hoc cho
sinh vien Suphgm Dia li
Khi xay dyng GTDT can xac dinh
rO rang cac nhiem vu theo mpt quy trinh
sau: xac dinh muc tieu va lap ki hoach,
thu thap tu lieu, xay dyng giao trinh, sii
dung va cap nhat giao trinh
Bu&c 1 Xdc dinh muc tieu vd lap
ki hogch: Trudc het, can xac djnh ro xay
dyng GTDT di t6 chirc day hpc theo
hudng phat trien nang lyc cho SV Su
pham Dia li Dya tren muc tieu da xac
dinh, GV cin gidi han ndi dung giao Mnh
de phil hgp vdi ddi tugng sinh vien nam
Nhlt, nam Hai, nam Ba hoac nam Tu va
lap mpt ki hoach chi tiet de hoan thanh
cdc npi dung nay Chlng ban, khi xay
dyng GTDT "Khoa hpe Trai Dat" di td
chiic day hgc cho SV nSm Hai, tac gia da
chia ndi dung giao b-inb thanh 5 chuong
(Trdi Ddt trong Vd Tru vd He Mat Tr&i,
Cdc dgc trung ca bdn ciia Trdi Ddt, Van
dgng cua Trdi Ddt, Cdc hgp phdn ciia
Trdi Bdt, Cdc quy ludt chung cda Trdi
Ddt) vdi hon 20 bai hpc Sau khi da hoan
thanh ndi dung moi bai hpc nhu giao trinh in, tac gia liet ke chi tiit ten cac phim, arih, ban do, bieu do, cac cdng cu tuong tae va hd trg cin thiit di hoan tit ngi dung bai hpc do
Bu&c 2 Thu thgp tu lieu: Cong
viec quan trpng hang dau sau khi lap ke hoaeh la thu thap cac tai lieu can thiet eho viec xay dung giao trinh Ddi vdi GTDT "Khoa hpc Trai Dat", tae gia da chgn igc thdng tin, so lieu, bieu d6 tir cac tai lieu chinh thuc ciia nha xuSt ban Giao due, nha xuat ban DH Su pham, ; eac hinh anh, video chii yiu dugc chpn lpc tir trang web chinh thiic cua NASA (http://www.nasa.gov), trang youtube eiia NASA va trang Thu vien Val li (http://thuvienvatly.eom) Tir cac ngudn tai lieu da cd, tac gia da sii dung phln mim xii li anh (photoshop, paintnet, )
de them hoae bdt cac chi tiet can thiet va phln mim xii li phim (Total video covert, Proshow Gold, ) de chuyen dinh dang, elt hoac ghep de eo dugc doan phim phii hgp vdi npi dung ciia moi bai hpc Mdt luu y tuy nhd nhimg rit quan trpng trong qua trinh thu thap tu lieu giiip GV do mat thdi gian khi tiin hanh xay dyng GTDT
la cac nguon tai lieu, thdng tin phai dugc phan loai theo chii de va ghi chu ngudn
di truy van khi can thiet
Bu&c 3 Xdy dung gido trinh: Dya
tren ki hoach da lap va nhiing tu lieu thu thap dugc, GV se tiin hanh lln lugt cac cong viec sau:
+ Lua chgn ngdn ngir: Vi§c lya
ehpn ngon ngii cung nhu phan mim ho trg ngdn ngii phu thuoc vao nang lue sir dung cdng nghe thdng tin va yeu cau ve
Trang 9miic dp sii dung GTDT trong day hpc Co
nhieu ngdn ngir dugc sir dung trong viec
xay dung cac trang GTDT dudi dang sieu
lien k i t nhung cd hai dang phd bien hien
nay la HTML va PHP P h l n m i m hfi trg
2 ngdn ngir nay cung rat da dang, GV co
t h i lya chgn Microsoft Frontpage, Adobe
Acrobat Dreamweaver, Web Studio
Antenna, Joomla Khi thiit ke cac trang
cua GTDT "Khoa hgc Trai Dlt", tac gia
da lya ehpn ngdn ngir la HLML vdi p h l n
m i m hd tro la Web Studio Antenna bdi
Trang Dang nhap
phln m i m d i su dung va ed day du cac cong cu ho trg
-I- Thiet ki sa dd cdu true ciia gido trinh: Day la giai doan giup GV co cai
nhin tong quat nhlt v i nhiing cdng viec minh se lam So dd cau tnic the hien tinh khoa hgc cua mdt giao trinh, nd phai phu hgp vdi muc tieu da dat ra va phu thugc rat Idn vao viec phan doan npi dung giao trinh Cd the tham khao so dd ciia GTDT
"Khoa hpc Trai Dat" dugc tac gia gidi thieu dudi day:
Gidi thieu, yeu cau, npi dung, tai lieu tham khao, bai t|ip,.-
Trang Gidi thieu
Trang Cac chuong
Trang Tai lieu TK
-+ Chuong 2
Chuong 1
Gidi thi$u, yeu cau, npi dung, tai lieu tham khao, bai t$p,
Chuong Gidi thieu, yeu cau, noi dung, tai lieu tham khao, bai tap,
Trang Thuat ngir
On tap, kiem tra
>^ Cac d^ng bai tpp ty lu§n va trac nghiem khach quan, ggi y,.,
Hinh 4.1 Sa do web cho viec xdy dung GTDT "Khoa hgc Trdi Ddt"
(Luu y: Mdi trang cua GTDT cung cdn duac thiet ke sa dd chi tiet vi ndi dung, trong
do Hit ke cdc hinh dnh, video, cdu hdi tdi lieu tham khdo cdn sic dung Cdc bdi hgc the hien dugc muc tieu cua bdi hgc, xdc dinh dugc nhicng kien thuc trgng tdm vd kien thuc md rdng xdc dinh cdc thudt ngir quan trgng vd thudt ngir cd lien quan, sdp xep cdc dan vi kien thicc theo mgt trinh tu hap li, xdy dung md hinh cdu triic ndi dung, xdc dinh thai gian hodn thdnh viec tu hgc, )
+ Sic dung cong cu thiit ke web vd
cdng cu ho trg hodn thien ngi dung
GTDT: Day la giai doan sir dung cac
cdng cu tin hpc de thiet ke ndi dung va
quyit dinh hinh thiic hoat dpng cho mot
GTDT De giao trinh phat huy toi da hieu
qua trong day hgc Dia li theo hudng phat
trien nang lyc, ben canh eac eong cu lap
trinh va thiet ke web nhu da neu d phan lya ehgn ngdn ngii, tae gia da sir dung tdng hgp cac cong cu xOr li anh, phim, bd Microsoft Office, cdng cu tao eau hoi trac nghiem,
+ Gidng dgy vd ddnh gid gido trlnh: Giang day thu nghiem la budc Idt
nhlt d i danh gia hieu qua ciia giao trinh
Trang 10Thdng qua cac bang cau hdi tryc tiep cho
SV va qua thdng ke tir LMS, GV cd thi
danh gia nhihig uu va nhugc diem ciia
giao trinh tir do cd nhimg dieu chinh phii
hgp Qua qua trinh td chuc day hpc vdi
cac GTDT "Khoa hge Trai Dlt", "Ban dd
hgc" tac gia da nhan dugc nhiiu y kiin
danh gia ciia SV nhu: cac doan phim
thiiu phu di tiing Viet, mot sd anh bi
mit lien kit, mdt sd cau hdi trie nghiem
thieu thdng tin phan hoi (feedback), Tir
cac danh gia phan hdi nay, tac gia da
chpn lpc va tien hanh dieu chinh di hoan
thien npi dung cac GTDT, lam cho cac
giao trinh ngay eang phii hgp hon vdi
nhu cau ty hpe ciia SV Su pham Dia li
Bu&c 4 Su dung vd cap nhdt gido
trinh: Chi tiet phuong phap sir dung
GTDT trong day hgc Dia li theo hudng
phat triin nang lyc ty hge dugc chimg tdi
gidi thieu d muc c ben dudi Trong qua
trinh su dung, ben c^nh viec chgn lpc eac
y kien ciia SV ve hinh thiic, npi dung
GV cd the tu minh phat hien nhihig van
de con ton tai eua GTDT de cap nhat cho
phil hgp vdi tinh hinh thyc te Mdt sd ndi
dung cLia giao trinh se bi lac hau theo thdi
gian, vi vay GV can nhanh chong cap nhat thdng tin di giao yinh mang tinh thdi su hon Thdi gian cap nhat t6t nhlt
la sau mdi khda hpc Niu dam bao tdl cdng viec chinh sua va c$p nhat, chi sau vai khoa hpc GV se cd dugc mdt GTDT khdng chi dep ve hinh thiic ma con phong phli, hieu qua vi npi dung Chlng han, GTDT "Khoa hpc Trai Dlt" da dugc chiing tdi cap nhat thudng xuyen vi hinh thuc nhu: thay ddi mau sic theo hudng nhe nhang hem, xii li lai cac anh ro va dep hon, va npi dung nhu: bo sung cac hinh anh, video mdi tir trang web cua NASA, thay ddi eac doan phim khdng con phii hgp ve sd lugng cac hanh tinh trong He Mat Trdi
c Sir dung GTDT trong dgy hgc Dia litheo hu&ng phdt trien ndng luce tue hgc
GTDT cd the sii dung dudi 2 hinh thiic: sii dung tren ldp gidng nhu giao trinh in nhung d dang tap tm dien tir (offlme) hoac sir dung de to chuc day hgc true luyen qua LMS (online) Su khae biet khi sii dung GTDT dudi 2 hinh thiic nay dugc the hien qua bang 4.2 ben dudi
Bang 4.2 Su khde biet giica sic dung GTDT offline vd online
Su
khde biet
Hinh thirc
sii dung
Tuong tac
Md rgng tim
kiem thong
tin
Gido trlnh su dgng offline
Sir dung tryc ti6p tren cac thiit bi
luu trii nhu: 6 ciing may tinh, USB,
dia CD, DVD
Chi CO kha nang sii dyng di tuong
tac hai chiiu: giiia GTDT vdi SV
Khong cho phep md rpng cac lien
kit ngoai de tim kiem thong tin khi
can thiit
Gido trinh su dung online
Su dung tren mgi may tinh co ket noi mang Internet
Co kha nang tuong tac da chieu: giiia GTDT vdi SV, SV vdi GV va cac SV khac Cho phep md rpng kha nang tim kiem thdng tin td cac lien ket ngoai da dugc GV thiit ki frong GTDT