No OS June 2018|Sd OS Thing 6 nam 2018!p 120 124 TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC TAN TRAO ISSN 2354 1431 http //tckh daihoctantrao edu vn/ Kha nang sir dung ngon ngfl cua tre 5 6 tu6i trong viec chuan bi vao[.]
Trang 1T A P CHi K H O A H Q C DAI H Q C T A N T R A O ISSN: 2 3 5 4 - 1 4 3 1
http://tckh.daihoctantrao.edu.vn/
Kha nang sir dung ngon ngfl- cua tre 5 - 6 tu6i trong viec chuan bi vao hoc I6*p 1 fr trucmg tieu h9c
VU Thi Kiiu Tranf
"Trudng Dgi hpc Tdn Trdo
Email: baotrangiikl^gmailcom
T h d n g tin bki viet
Ngdy nhdn bdt:
02/4/2018
Ngdy duyit dang:
12/6/2018
Khd ndng ngdn ngu,
ehuan b{ vdo hpc lap 1
T o m tfit
Nghien cttu 280 khfich thd gdm 110 tte miu giio 5-6 tudi, 40 giao vicn raam non; 110 php huynh v i 20 chuyfin gia frong luih vpc gifio dye mim non, tiiuOc 4 frudng mim non frfin dja bfin Tinh TuySn Quang cho tiily, kha ning stt dung ngdn ngft cfia tre 5-6 tudi ttong vific chuan bj vio hpc ldp 1 d brudng Tidu hpc dat trung binh Trong dd, bieu hifin khfi ning stt dpng ldi ndi de giao tidp dat mttc dd cao nhit; khfi nang nghe, hidu ldi ndi trong giao tidp d vj fri flitt hai v i khi nang hidu bidt ban diu vd viec doe, viet cd mfic
dp thip nhit Kdt qufi phfin anh dung thpc tifin khfi ning ctta frfi em dfi tudi niy v i tic dpng cfia gifio due cung nhu vai frd ctta gia duih frong viec phit trien ngdn ngft cbo frfi
1 S i t van de
Trfi em ndi chung v i tte 5 - 6 tudi ndi rifing Ifi mdt
thanh phan frong nhdm x§ hpi ydu thd Trfi non ndt vd
thd ehit, ydu dudi vd bnh thin vfi dfi dfing gip phii
nhihig khd khin frd ngai nhthig nguy hidm frong
cufic sdng Chinh vi vfiy, vific frfi 5-6 tudi cd thd vupt
qua nhttng khd khin, sv ydu thd ctta bin tiifin dd hda
nhfip, tdn tai v i phit trien frong mdi ttudng x i hpi l i
mpt dieu hdt sttc quan frong,
Trfi 5-6 tuoi tien vio budc ngoit quan frpng cfia
cupc ddi, do lfi vific tre chuydn ttt trudng mira non sang
hpc tfip d hudng Tidu hpc Giai doan niy danh dlu qufi
frinh chuydn qua mpt ldi sdng mdi vdi nhthig hoat ddng
radi, VI tri xa bdi radi, moi quan hfi mdi cua mpt ngudi
hpc smh thuc thy Dong nghia vdi dd, trfi chuydn sang
hogt dpng chfi dgo mdi dd li hogt dpng hpc tgp tiiay thd
cho hogt ddng vui choi d trudng mim non Gifip frfi cd
dupc rapt tfim thd sin sfing, rafit hfinh ttang day dtt ve
mit kien flific de cd flie hofi nhgp nhanh nhat vdi hanh
ttinh mdi niy cin ddn su chuin bj cdng phu vfi ty ray
cfia ngudi Idn Chttih vi dieu niy, ttt nim hpc
2012-2013, Bp giio due vfi dio tao dfi flipc bifin chuang ttinh
phd cip giio due cho tre mim non 5 tudi vdi muc dich tgo nhihig didu kifin tdi uu nhat de chuin bj cbo tte tittch ttng vdi cac hogt dpng hpc tfip d trudng Tieu hpc bao gdm 4 npi dung ca bfin dd Ifi: hogt ddng phfit tnen the chit, hogt dfing phit tridn nhin thttc, hoat d^ing phat ttidn ngfin ngft hoat dpng phit fridn tinh cam vi quan hfi xa hdi [6] Trong dd hoat ddng phit bidn ngdn ngfl cho tre nhgn duoc rat nhidu su quan tim cfia phu huynh
v i giio vien mira non
Nhttng bidu hifin vd khi ning sfi dung ngdn ngft cfia tre 5-6 tudi bao gdm kha nfing nghe hidu ldi noi, khi nang stt dpng Idi ndi dd giao tidp; hidu biel ban dau vd vific dpc, vidt, Dfiy lfi nhfhig khfi ning rit cin thidt v i l i tidn dd quan frpng dd chuin bj cho ttfi vio hpc Idp 1 d trudng Tidu hpc
2 Kliach the va phwffng p h i p nghien cihi
2.1 Khdch thi nghiin cuu
Tdng sd khadi tiid khao sit 280 ngudi, Trong dd 110 fri raau giio 5 - 6 tiidi (55 frfi nam 55 ttfi nft) 110 phfi huynh (cfia 110 trd 5 - 6 tiidi dupc Iva chpn), 40 giao vifin mam non day ldp mau gifio 5 - 6 tiidi vfi 20 chuyen gia trong lmh vuc gifio due mim non tiiudc 4
Trang 2frUOTig mam non tai dja bfin Thinh phd Tuyfin Quang
vfi huyfin Chifim H o i tinh Tuyfin Quang,
2.2 Phuang phdp nghien cuu
Phuang phip nghifin cttu: chfi ydu lfi phuong phip
nghifin cfiu tii lifiu, didu fra bang bfing hdi, phuong
phip quan sit phdng vin siu, tiidng ke toin hpc,
Thang do dua vfio tdng didm (TD) cfia raoi fre, didm
ttung bmh (BTB) vfi dd Ifich chuin (Ett-C) ctta mlu
Bang 1 Bieu hi^n kha nang su dung ngon ngir ciia tre 5 - 6 tudi
nghien curu, tre dupc phin vd 3 mttc dp tiiich ttng: mttc
dp cao, rattc dp trung binh v i mttc dp thip Phin mem SPSS 20.0 dupc stt dpng de xtt ly kdt qua nghifin cttu
3 Ket qua nghien ciiu Kdt qua nghien cttu cho fliay ngdn ngft cfia tre 5-6 tudi cd su tuang ddng gifta cac khfi nfing' nghe hieu ldi ndi; stt dung ldi ndi dd giao tiep; hidu bidt ban dau
ve vific dpc viet
" ' K e L ^ u ^ d a n h gia
Ho^t d$llg " , ^ ^
1 Kha n ^ g nghe, hieu lot noi trong giao t i ^
2 Khd ning sii dyng lcri noi de giao tiep
3 Hieu biet ban dau ve viec doc, viet
Biem t m n g binh chung
BTB
3,34 3,44 2,84 3,21
B L C
0,73 0.54 0,72 0.55
M u e At}
TB
TB
TB
TB
Thii-b^c
2
1
3
Ghi chu: Tkdp: 1.0-2.61; Trung bink: 2.62-4.06; Cao: 4.07-5,0
Vdi DTB chung = 3,21 va DLC 0,55 cho thiy bidu
hifin khfi nfing sfi dung ngdn ngtt ctta frfi 5-6 tudi d
mttc trung bhih Trong ba k h i nang stt dung ngdn ngtt
ctta tte thi khi ning bidu bidt ban dau vd vific doc vidt
ban che ban hai k h i nang cdn lat Kha ning nghe hieu
Idi ndi frong giao tiep v i k b i ning stt dpng ldi ndi de
giao tiep ed mttc dp tuong ddng nhau Tuy vgy, mttc
dp chfinh Ifich gifta cfic k h i nang nfiy khdng dang ke
Chttng ta cd thd xem xfit bidu hifin cp flid ctta cfic khfi
nfing niy
3.1 Biiu hi$n & khd ndng nghe, hiiu ldi ndi trong giao Hep
Trfi 5-6 tudi, dfi bidt stt dung tidng me de mpt cich thinh thao frong sinh hoat hing ngiy [2] Dieu niy dupc thd hifin thdng qua ngdn ngtt mgch lgc cfia tre Mdt frong nhftng bidu hifin cfia ngdn ngft mach lac dd chinh l i khfi ning nghe hieu Idi ndi frong giao tiep Vific nghe, hidu ldi ndi la fre nghe va hidu cfic ttt, cum tfi khii quit, hidu ndi dung cfia bi ngft thdng qua cac tic phira vin hpc, cao hon nfta lfi fre phii hidu dupc sic tbii bidu cfim cfia ldi ndi khi giao tiep
Bang 2 Bieu hien kha nang nghe, hieu ldi ndi trong giao tiep cua tre S-6 tuoi
' K e t q u a
RiMi h i ^ n
1 Nh|n ra diroc sic thai bieu cdm ciia \6i noi klii vui, bu6n, tijrc, gian, ngae
nhien, sp hai
2 Nghe hi^u va thuc hien duoc cac chi dSn Ii6n quan den 2, 3 hanh d$ng
3 Hi^u nghia mpt so tir khai quat chi s\r v5t, luen tupng don gian gan giii
nhu: nhom gia cam, nhom do dung hoc t§p
4, Nghe hieu nOi dung cau chuydn, tho, dong dao, ca dao danh cho liia tu6i
ciia tre
Biem trung binh chung
BTB
3,45
3,23
3.29
3,39
3,34
B L C
0,84
1,00
0,92
0,88
0,73
Mitc do
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
Ghi cku: Thdp: 1,0-2,61; Trung binh: 2.62-4.06; Cao: 4,07-5,0
Kdt q u i khio sit tai b i n g 2 cho thiy, trong sd giao tiep thi khfi nfing nhdn ra duge sdc that biiu
Trang 3sg hdi dgt mttc dfi cao nhit (DTB: 3,45) Nhu vfiy,
fre khdng nhflng nghe, hidu ldi ndi mi cdn cd thd
nhin ra sic thii bidu cfira cfia ldi ndi, Dieu nay cho
thay kinh nghifira ctta tre frong giao tidp bfing ngdn
ngft da dat d rapt trinh dp nhlt djnh Tuy nhien, vific
nghe kieu vd ihifc htfn duge cdc cki ddn lien quan
din 2, 3 kdnh dgng lai d mfic dd thip nhit (DTB
3,23; DLC: 1,00) Kdt qufi phfin inh thvc tifin' cho
du tre 5-6 tudi dfi cd su phit fridn ve tri nhd v i chfi
y ed chtt djnh nhung fre vfin bj hgn chd khi thvc
hifin nhthig nhifim vu kem su "thfi vj" Ket q u i nfiy
eung the hifin su chfinh Ifich tuang ddi cao gifta c i c
fre (DLC; 1,00), cho thay sv mat tfip trung, ghi nhd
khdng dn dinh chi xfiy ra d mdt sd fre v i cd sv
chfinh lech vdi nhfhig tre cdn lgi
J.Z Bieu bi$B d kba nang sir dgng ldi noi de
giao tiep
Trong nhftng bieu hifin khfi nang stt dung ngdn
ngtt thi khd ndng sit dyng ldi ndi di giaa liep cd
mttc dp cao nhit (DTB: 3,44) Didu niy chttng td su phfit fridn ngdn ngft ctta frfi diln ra theo dfing quy lufit phit fridn Itta tudi Ddi vdi tre rain giio sp phit fridn ngdn ngft dat tdc dd nhanh, ddn 5-6 tudi trfi
n i m dupc ngft i m , ngft difiu, phfit tiidn ngft phfip vfi ngdn ngft mgch lac [2], D$c bifit, vdi vdn ttt phong phtt, biet stt dung cic kidu ngdn ngft khfic nhau khidn cho vific nghe hidu ldi ndi, stt dung ldi ndi vfi thuc hifin nhihig quy t i c tiidng thudng frong giao hep trd nfin d i ding hem,
Kdt qua bieu bifin khfi stt dpng Idi ndi dd giao tidp cfia tre 5-6 tudi duac dinh gii d mttc trung binh Didu niy chfing td tre d i budc dau cd vdn ttt phong phtt, cd k h i ning nira b i t dupc ca elu ngft phip vfi cich diln dgt ngdn ngft Trong do bidu hifin
vific sit dyng ldi ndi de bdy td cdm xuc, nhu cau, ^
nghi vd kink ngkifm cua bdn than dat rattc dfi cao
nhlt (DTB 3.60)
Bang 3 Bieu hi$n kha sir dung Idi noi dk giao tiep cua tre S-6 tudi
• Ket qua
Bieu hi|n
1 Noi ndng r5 rang, mach lac
2 Biet silr dung cac loai cau khac nhau tiong giao tiep nhu cau hoi, cau cam than
3 Sii dung 16i n6i de bay to cam xiic, nhu can, y nghi va kinh nghiem ciia ban
thSnnhu: con thich ban Mai, conmu6n dichoi, con biet each Um
4 Sii dung len noi dS trao doi va chi din ban be trong boat dong
5 Ke lai dupc npi dung chuyen d3 nghe theo trinh tu nhat dinh
6 Biet each khpi xupng cupc tro chuydn
7 Biet dieu chinh gipng noi phil hpp vdi tinh hu6ng va nhu cau giao ti^p
Biem trung binh chung
BTB
3,41
3,45
3,60
3,45 3,28 3,45 3,44 3,44
BLC
0,88
0 76
0,71
0,81 0,91 0.77 0,84 0,54
M i n d«
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
Gki cku: Thdp: 1.0-2.61; Trung binh: 2,62-4,06; Cao: 4,07-5,0
Qua thuc te frao ddi frd chuyfin vdi fre cfing nhfin
fliiy cd nhieu frfi tu tin, bdn nhifin "biy td" tinh cira,
suy nghT cfia minh vfi rit mgnh dgn hdi chuyfin cac
nghifim vifin Diy lfi mdt frong nhflng didu kifin quan
frpng gifip ttfi hpc tgp tdt ban khi vio ldp I
3.3 Bieu kifn dkhd ndng hiiu biil ban ddu vi vifc
dgc viet
Trong cac bidu hifin khi nang stt dpng ngdn ngft
dlu vd vific dpc, viet cd mttc dp tblp nhit (DTB' 2,84)
va cd su phan logi rd rfit ban eac bidu hifin khic Trong 8 bidu hifin dupc dd cfip flii cd 3 bieu hifin d mttc dp fliip, cdn lai d mttc dO bung buih Ding chfi y
la cd tdi 5 bidu hifin cd DLC cao tt^n 1,00, dieu nay chttng td cd dp chfinh Ifich Idn gifta timg tt^ vdi nhau frong vific chuin bj dpc, vidt
Trang 4Bang 4 Bieu hien kha nang bieu biet ban dau ve vi|c dpc, viet cua tre 5 - 6 tudi
Ket quii
B i l u h i l n ' •
1 "Dpc" theo truyen tranh da biet
2 Ke chuyfin theo tranh
3 Biet chit viet co th^ doc v i thay cho loi npi
4 Bi^t diuig cac ky hifiu ho^c hinh vg de the hien cim xiic, nhu cau, y nghi v i
kinh nghifim ciia bin thin
3 Bit chucrc hinh vi viet v i sao chep tii, cha cii
6 Bi^t tir "vi^t" tfin ciia bin thin minh theo cich ciia rifing minh
7 Biet "viet" chft theo thii ttr tir trii qua phai, tir trfin xuong duoi
8 Nban dang dupc chii cii trong bang chtt cai tieng Viet
Biem trung hinh chung
BTB
2.88
2,81 2,45
2,25
2.86
2.49 3.42 3,56
2,84
B L C
1.14
0.98 1,14
1,12
1,00 1,24
0,90 0,65
0,72
Mue dp
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB Cap
TB
Gki chu: Thdp: 1.0-2.61; Tntng binh: 2.62-4,06; Cao: 4,07-5.0
Cd rapt thvc te phin inh rit rd net frong kdt qui
nghifin cfiu dd Ifi vific tre ed the nhgn dgng dugc chU
cdi Irong bdng cku cdi tieng Viet Ifi bieu hifin cd mttc
dp cao nhit (DTB, 3,56), Kdt qua niy cd dupc do
xuat phit ttt quan didra fre phii bidt chft, biet so
ttudc khi vfio Idp 1 nfin rapi sp nd luc ctta gia dinh,
nha trudng va b i n thin dtta fre duoc tip trung de giii
quydt nhifim vp niy Trd chuyfin vdi phu huynh
chfing tdi nhfin thay, cd den 90% cho ring viec bidt
chft lfi can thidt trudc khi con vfio Idp 1 Cho nen cd
nhidu phu huynh dfi cho con di hpc trudc de chuan bj
cho con tu tin v i vftng ving hon cho giai dogn tiep
flieo Cdn ddi vdi gifio vifin raim non thi coi diy nhu
"ap luc", l i mpt nhiem vu quan trpng nhlt frong
cdng vific day tre Itta tudi nfiy Bfin cgnh dd viec dgy
Ire biit "viet" ckH ikeo thii tu tit trdi qua pkdi lit
Iren xudng dudi ciing dupc ren riia tirong doi kJ
fftTB' 3.42), Mfic du theo quy dmh tbi tre chua phfii
tgp td, Viet, nhung hau nhu fre vfin dupc cha m? hofic
cd nai Ii c i cd giio hudng dan tip vidt, tip td theo
nfit chira md, Trong khi dd hing logt nhihig bidu
hifin can thidt khfic nhu, cd tke "dgc" ikeo truyfn
trank dd biet; biet dung cdc k^ kifu hogc hinh vi di
thi kifn edm xue nku cdu y nght vd hnh nghifm
cua bdn thdn; biet tif "viet" ten eua bdn thdn minh
theo each cda riing minh thi fre lai cd kdt qui flilp
han va cd d0 chfinh ifich cao gifta tttng frfi vdi nhau
vi fre it dupc quan tim budng din ban
4 Ket luan Nhu vfiy, khi ning stt dung ngdn ngft cfia frfi S-6 tudi tuy chi dat mttc dfi trung binh, nhung di phfin finh dfing thuc tien khi ning cfia frfi era do tudi nay v i tie ddng ctta giio due cttng nhu vai trd cfia gta dinh trong vific phat trien ngdn ngft cho fre Ket qui fren cung phtt hpp vdi ket qufi didu fra ttt gifio vifin raam non; cd 50% giio vien mira non cho ring fre cd khfi nfing nghe hidu ldi ndi frong giao tiep dat mttc dd cao; 55% cho ring fre cd khi ning cao trong vific stt dung ldi ndi frong giao tidp, frong khi dd chi cd 37,5% cho ring frfi cd mttc dd tdt ban d khfi nfing hidu biet ban diu vd dpc, vidt, Trong cac bidu hifin ndi dung chuan
bl cho frfi 5 - 6 tudi vao ldp 1 d trudng Tieu hpc flii vific chuin bi vd khfi ning stt dung ngdn ngft cd nhthig ddi hdi khd hon, cfic npi dung bidu hifin gin vdi hoat dOng d trudng Tidu hpc nhit Do dd, vific cdn ed fre ban chd d ITnh vuc niy l i dieu bidn nhien Vific hidu rd nguyen nhfin, tim ra hudng khic phuc dd fre cd khfi ning stt dpng ngdn ngtt tdt ban v i phfi hop vdi fre bon frong cic hogt dfing chuin bi den trudng Tidu hpc la vific lfim cin thidt v i cd y nghTa
Ddi vdi fre mfiu giio su phit tridn ngdn ngtt dat tdc
dd nhanh, den 5-6 tudi fre nira dupc ngft fira, ngft dieu phfit tndn ngtt phip v i ngdn ngft mgch lgc [2] Die bifit, vdi vdn ti^ phong phfi, biet stt dung cfic kidu
Trang 5ngdn ngft khic nhau khidn cho vific nghe hidu ldi ndi,
stt dung ldi ndi vfi thuc hien nhttng quy tic flidng
diudng frong giao tidp frd nen de dfing ban khi frfi
budc vio hpc Idp 1 d trudng Tidu hpc
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Phgm Thi Dfic (1991), Chudn bi tdm ly cho tre
vdo ldp 1, Tgp chi nghien cttu giio due, sd fliing 12,
2 Duong Thi Difiu Hoa (chtt bien) (2012), Gido trinh
Tdm ly hgc pkdt tnen, Nxb Dgi hpc Su phgra, Hfi Npi;
3 Vu Thi Nho (1998), Mot sd dgc diim vi su thick
nghi vdi hogt d^ng hpc tap cua hpc sinh dau bgc tiiu
hoc Tap chi Tim ly hpc sd 5, fr 28-34;
4 Quydt dinh 239/QD-TTG cfia Thtt tudng Chinh
phtt ngfiy 09/02/2010, Q^tdinhpf^di^l didn Phd e^
^do c^c mdm non cko Ire 5 ludi giai dogn 2010-2015;
5, Dinh Hdng Tbii (2013), Gido Irinhphdt trien ngon
ngU tudi mdm non, Nxb Dgi hpc Su pham, H i Npi;
6, Thdng tir sd 23/2010/TT-BGDDT ngfiy 23/7/2010 cfia Bd trudng Bp Giao due v i Dio tgo ve vific ban hfinh quy djnh ve bp chuin phat ttidn tre em
5 tudi;
7, Trln Thj Ngoc Trfic (2008), Cdn chudn bf
nhirng gi cho tre vdo ldp mpi, Nxb tdng hqrp Thfinh
phd Ho Chi Minb;
8 Nguyin Anh Tuydt (chtt bifin) (1999), Chudn bi
cho Ire 5 tuoi vdo irttdng pko thdng, Nxb Giio due,
H i Ndi;
9, Nguyfin Anh Tuydt (chfi bifin) (2014), Tdm l^i
hpc Ire em lua tudi mdm non, Nxb Dai hpc Su phgm
H i Npi,
The ability of using language of 5-6 years old children in the preparation of enrolling grade 1 at primary schools
Vu Thi Kieu Trang
Article info
Recieved:
02/4/2018
12/6/2018
Keywords:
Abilly; Language; Prepanng
activities to grade 1
A b s t r a c t
The reseach was conducted on 280 participants including* 110 preschoolers aged 5-6 years old, 40 pre-school teachers who are teaching kindergarten;
110 parents and 20 experts in the field of kindergarten education The research earned out a survey in 4 preschools in Tuyfin Quang provmce The results of study showed that The ability to use language of children aged
5-6 years old in the preparation of enrolling grade 1 at primary school was at average level In addition, expression of ability to use language to communicate was at the fist level; listening ability and understandability in communication was at flie second level and being acquainted with reading, writing was at the third level The results reflected flie real abilty of children at this age It also showed the impact of education and the role of family on developuig children laguage