ứng dụng lược đồ tư duy nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả của các phương pháp dạy học tích cực trong dạy học hóa học ở trường trung học phổ thông

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF TTNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075 2016 0005 Educational Sci , 2016, Vol 61, No 1 pp 39 49 This paper is available online at hap //sldb hnue edu vn UNG DUNG L U p c DO TU DUY NHAM NANG[.]

Educational Sci., 2016, Vol 61, No 1 pp 39-49

This paper is available online at hap://sldb.hnue.edu.vn

UNG DUNG L U p c DO TU DUY NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA CUA CAC PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TICH CUC TRONG DAY HOC HOA

H O C 6 T R U d N G TRUNG HOC PHO THONG

Nguyen Thj Than', Pham Hdng Bac^

^Tnrdng Trung hoc phd thong Chuyen Hd Giang Hd Giang

^Nhd xual bdn Dgi hgc Supham, Tnfdng Dgt hoc Suphgm Hd Not

Tom tat Ltfdc do ttf duy (con ggi lii sd dd tif duy ban dd ttf duy, LDTD) ta mot kl ihuai

day hoc da dtfde sff dung rpng rai d cac nudc tien tiln tren the gidi, dac biet dtfde ap dung nhieu d cac phtfdng phap day hoc (PPDH) tfch etfc phai huy kha nang lich etfc, chu ddng, sang Iao cua hoc sinh (HS) Bai bao niiy gidi ihieu mot so ffng dung Itfdc dd ttf duy vao mol sd phtfdng phap day hoc tich etfc nha phUdng phap day hoc theo hdp ddng, day hqc theo goc day hpc theo dtf an trong giang day hoa hoc t^ tmtlng Trung hoc phd thong nham nang cao chat ltfdng day hgc mon Hoa hoc cf trtfdng Trung hoc phd thong (THPT) trong giai doan mdi

Tirkhoa: Ltfdc do ttf duy day hoc hoii hoc, trung hpc phd thong, day htic tich etfc

1 Mol dau

Trong muc lieu eua giao due phd Ihdng trong giai doan mdi theo nghi quyet hgi nghi Trung tfdng 8 khoa XI, ddi mdi PPDH dffoc coi la mot trong nhflng gial phap then chdt ve ddi mdi can ban toan dien giao due Viet Nam Qua Ihtfe te ap dung trtmg giang day cac PPDH tieh cUe dang trien khai hien nay, chung toi nhan thay tac PPDH theo htlp ddng, day hgc theo gdc, day hgc theo dtf an la cac phtfdng phap day htic phai huy kha nang ttf htic, Itf sang tao, phiii trien ki nang mem choHS thtfc hien dung muc tieu ddi mdi giao due [I], [2], Cac phtfdng phap nay diu cd dac diem chung la chuyen ngi dung bai hgc thanb cac nhiem vu hgc lap, ma khi thtfc hien xong cac nhiem

vu nay, HS se ITnh hoi dtfde noi dung bai hgc Tuy nhien cat nhiem vu nay thtfdng dtfde Ihtfc hien mgt cae rieng le chtfa ed stf gdn ket vdi nhau Khi sff dung kT thuat LDTD [3] bang each he thdng hoa eac ngi dung bai hgc Ihanh LDTD se giflp HS hieu kiln thffc mtit each sau sac trong mdi quan

he qua lai vdi nhau, iff dd gdp phan nang cao hieu qua eua ciic PPDH niiy Trong bai bao niiy, ehung tdi gidi thieu ve cac PPDH theo hdp ddng, day hgc theo gdc day htic iheo dtf an va gdi y ve ciich sff dung LDTD trting cdc phtfdng phap day htic nay trtmg giang day hoa hoc d tmdng THT*T

Ngay nhiin bai: 15/7/2015 Ngiiy nhan dang 10/2/2016

Lien he: Pham Hfing Bac e-mail, bacph@hnue.edu.vn

2 Noi dung nghien cihi

2,1 Mpt so phtfdng phap day hoc tieh circ

2.1.L Day hoc theo htfp dong

a Khdi niem

Hgc theo hdp ddng ta mgt hoat ddng hgc tap trong dd mdi HS dtftlc mgt hdp ddng Iron

gdi bao gdm ciic nhiem vu/bai tap bat buoc khac nhau irong mdt khoang thdi gian nhat dinh HS

ehfl dgng va ddc lap quylt dinh ve thdi gian eho mdi nhiem vu/bai tap va thff iff thffc hien cac bai

tap/nhiem vu dd theo kba nang cua minh

Hgc theo hdp ddng la mgt blnh thfle td chffc day hgc cho phep giao vien (GV) quan If, kiem

soat va danh gia dfldc nang ltfc hgc tap eua tflng HS nghia la tao cd hoi hoe tap cho tat ea HS

trong Idp theo trinh do, nhip dd va Iheo nang liJc [1, 2]

b Quy trinh id chdc dgy hoc ihco hgp dong [I, 2]:

GIAI DOAN I: CHUAN Bl

Budc 1: Chgn ngi dung va ihdi gian phit

hdp-+ Npi dung: GV chgn ndi dung to chflc day hgc; HS ttf quyet dinh thff ttf thtfc hien cac

nhiem vu dtfde giao

+ Thdi gian: Tiiy theo ndi dung hgc tap Nhffng HS cd nhip do cham thi hoan thimh nhiem

vu bat budc tren ldp trong gid hoc; nhiem vu ttf chon cd the thtfc hien ngoai gid hge hoac d nha

Iheo hdp ddng

Budc 2: Thiit ke bdn hop dong idp hoc tdp

Can cff vao ngi dung, thdi gian va dieu kien cu the, GV td the Itfa chtm va thili kl ban hdp

ddng phu hdp Ban hdp ddng phai dfl ehi tiet de HS cd the tim hieu de dang, ki hgp ddng va thtfc

hien nhiem vu mdt each dot lap va hdp lac, bao gdm cac nhiem vu bat bugc (dtfde xiiy dtfng dtfa

tren chuan kien thffc - kT nang cua mon hgc) va nhiem vu ttf chgn (mang tfnh eung eo, md rong,

nang cao hoac lien he thtfc tl)

GIAI DOAN II: TO CHLfC D/\Y HOC

Budc I: Gidi ihieu bai hgc/ndi dung hge tap vii hdp ddng hgc tap, thdi gian tdi da de thtfc

hien eac nhiem vu

Budc 2: Td chflc cho HS nghien eflu va kf hdp ddng GV kf xae nhan va ban hdp dong To

chffc va hd trd HS eho cd hieu qua

Budc 3: GV td chffc, htfdng dan HS thtfc hien hdp ddng Sau khi hoan thanh nhiem vu, HS

cd the Iff sffa Idi, Iff danh gia qua viec ddi chilu kit qua vdi dap an cfla GV, hoac eham cheo bai

hoac sffa loi eho nhau trong nhdm

Budc 4 Td chflc nghiem thu, thanh If hdp ddng

- Nlu giao nhiem vu HS hoan thanh d nha, GV nghiem thu hdp ddng tai Idp hoc

- GV nghiem thu hdp ddng dffa Iren cd sd ttf danh gia (he thdng sfla ldi hoac dap an) va

danh gia ddng ddng (danh gia gifla cac HS vdi nhau)

2.1.2 Day hoc theo goc

a Khdi niem: Day hge theo gde la mgt PPDH theo dd HS thtfc hien cdc nhiem vu khac

nhau tai cae vi tri eu the trong khdng gian ldp hgc nhtfng eflng hffdng tdi ehilm ITnh mgt ndi dung

hge tap theo cac phong each hge khac nhau [I]

b Quy trinh thuc hien hgc theo gdc

fijaniu

I

* Giai doan I: Chuan bi

Btfdc I: Xem xei cac ylu td can thiet de hgc theo gdc dat hieu qua ve ngi dung bai hgc, dia diem, ddi ttfdng HS (kha nang ttf dinh htfdng, mffc do liim viec chu dgng, tfch cffc)

Btfdc 2: Thiet kl kl hoach bai hgc dffa vao mue tieu bai hoc, cac PPDH can phdi hdp vdi PPDH theo gde; chuan bi cu the vl thiet bj, phtfdng tien, dd dung day hoe, nhiem vu cu the va ket qua can dat dtfde d mdi gdc

* Giai doan 2 Td chffc day hoe theo gdc

Bfftic I: Bd trf khdng gian Idp hoc/gdc phfl htlp vdi nhiem vu hoat ddng hoc tap (dam bao

du tai lieu phfftlng tien, dd dflng hoe tap cin thili d mdi gdc)

Btfdc 2: Gidi thieu bai hoe/ndi dung hge tap va cac gde hoe tap

Bffdc 3: To ehflc eho HS hge tap tai cac gtie theo cap, ta nhan hay nhdm nhd tai mdi gdc (Iheo yeu cau cua hoat dgng)

Btfdc 4: To chffc cho HS trao ddi va diinh gia ket qua htic tap

2,1.3 Day hoc theo du an

a Khdi niem: Day hge theo dtf an la mdt hinh thfle day hgc, trong dd ngtfdi htic thtfc hien

mdt nhiem vu hgc tap phffc bdp, ed stf ket hdp gifla li thuyet va thtfc hiinh, lao ra cae san pham qua trinh hgc tap, tfl viec xac dinh muc dfch, lap ke hoach, den viec ihiJc hien dU an, kiem tra, dieu chinh, danh gla qua trinh va ket qua thtfc hien [ 1, 2, 4]

b Quy trinh td chifc day hoc iheo du dn fl 2 4}

Budc 1 HS quyet dinh ehfl de va xac dmh muc lieu dtf an

Budc 2 HS xay dffng ke hoaeh thtfc hien bao gdm nhffng cdng viee can lam, thdi gian dtf

kien, vat lieu, kinh phi, phtfdng pbap tiln hiinh va phan tdng cdng viec irong nhdm

Budc 3: Thffc hien dU an hgc tap Iheo ke hoach da de ra cho nhdm va ca nhan Bifdc 4: Thu thap kel qua va cong bd san pham

Kit qua ihtfc hien dtf an hoc tap cd the dtfdt tdng bd dtfdi dang biii thu hoach, bao cao bang van ban, bai trinh dien PowerPoint, poster, mo hinh, lap trang web tati md hinh hay vai that, Hoac nhflng hanh dong phi vat that, nhtf bieu dien mdt vd kieh, viec id chffc mot budi tuyen truyin nhdm tao ra cac tac ddng xa hgi, phdng trien lam trtfng bay tianh anh, quay video clip,,,,

Budc 5: Danh gla dff an hgc tap, do GV vii HS danh gia ea qua trinh thtfc hien va kel qua

dat dtfde Viec danh gia ed the tiln hanh tmdc trong va sau khi kit thuc dff an, bang ea eac phtfdng pliap quan sat, van dap va viel Hoat dong xem xet lai dtf an de rut ra nhffng kinh nghiem cho viec phat trien dtf an hoac thtfc hien cac dtf an tiep iheo,

2.2 Svt d u n g ItfOc d o tiT duy t r o n g day hoc h o a hoc suf d u n g cae phiTdng p h a p

day h o c tich etfc

2.2.1 Sur dung luoc do tu duy trong day hoc theo hop ddng

Trong day hgc Iheo hdp ddng, HS ttf ilm hieu, kham pha ndi dung kiln thffc bai hgc thdng qua viec thffc hien eae nhiem vu trong hdp ddng GV ed the sff dung LDTD trong day hgc theo hdp ddng bdng each them nhiem vu hoan thanh ndi dung kien thfle toiin bai hay mdi phan eila biii hge thdng qua LDTD, cac nhiem vu khac HS van tiln hanh blnh thffdng Khi bao cao kit qua thffc hien nhi£m vu, HS bao eao san pha'm la cac ndi dung trong phieu hgc lap GV giao vii LDTD cfla minh Nhtf vay ben canb viec ITnh hdi dtfde kien thffc bai hgc, HS ed the he ihdng lai ngi dung biii hgc thdng qua LDTD Dieu nay se giup HS lien he dtfde cat nhiem vu htit tap tua minh vdi ngi

«

dung bai hge, ddng thdi giup cac em hie'u rd hdn nhiem vu cua minh cung nhtf ndi dung bai hoc Viec ap dung P P D H theo htlp ddng dat hieu qua tdt nhat khi thtft hien eac ndi dung dn tip, luyen tap [5, 6, 7]

Vf du bai: Luyen tap Hidrticacbon khdng no (Hoa hoc k'Jp 11)

Diic diem eua bai luyen tap cd 2 p h i n

Phdn kien Ihdc cdn nhd: Tdng hop nhflng ngi dung, kien thflc trgng lam L D T D hieu qua

de HS khai quat va lien ket cilc kien thfle Nhiem vu lap L D T D niiy nen la nhiem vu bdt buoc, giao cho HS thtfc hien d nha va lam viec theo td de H S cd thdi gian iff dn tap, trao ddi va trinh bay san pha'm cua nhdm Viec giao nhiem vu nay cd the chia thiinh cac mffc:

+ Mffc I: L D T D cd can hdi GV xac dinh eae k i l n ihffe trong tam, vii dffa ra LDTD dtfdi dang he thdng cac cau hdi cu the, rd rang HS khting phai itf xac d m h nhffng k i l n thffc trong iam,

ma chi can tim cac thting tin tia Itli cac cau hdi cfla GV va dn tap iheo he Ihdng ndi dung dd

Bai 44: Luyen tap

hidrocacbon khdng no

j A '•'-•••""« H , -Nc„™„„.,cViM".M;

/ H anken .iiik.uIion ankjii

^ -, - l „ i , 1 dM mmlt IK,;,

.^.JL

-HiinlD]

TKTH

'Lull

Mitc 2: L D T D cam (Hinh 2)

GV se neu nhifng noi dung chi'nh can on tap dm'li dang cac tif khoa, HS tU long ket cac kien thiJc Clia cac noi dung dd, 0 mttc do nay, HS cSn tU duy v i tim toi nhicu hOn,

Mile 3: HS tu xay dilng L D T D

O miic dl) nay, GV chi neu len yeu cau lap L D T D tong ket noi d u n g kien thilc ctia bai, hoac cua chuong HS sc tu xac dinh cac noi dung chinh va cac noi d u n g trong tain Day la irnic dtj kho,

HS CO CO h()i the hien nhiing sting tao, phong each rieng ciia minh Tuy nhien, cung cti nhOng han che nhat dinh khi HS khtmg nhan inanh dtloc nhiing niji dung chinh, tiing htip mijt ciich Ian man

Ckl 'Mir

«HM

Cfttn tlung lutlc M lit (tu\ nbclm nditfi cao luell cjtui tliu tiicphlftlnt; phiiptlay hoi

1 C A U TRIjC 2 TlNH C H A T V A T LI

"Mb

(KUONG HIDROCACBON KH6NG NO

mllli 4 oi£u CHC V A <M& DUNG 3, TlNH CHAT HdA HOC

- Phan luyen tap; GV cho HS liim cac bin tiip dinh lirting va dinh tinh de HS nam vttng cac kien thtic cin nhd Vdi phiin niiy, GV co the diia ra m(")t PHT cti he thong cac bai tap tang d5n mile

VIJ yeu cau hoan thanh cac bai tap do

Tmdng T

Lap 11:

Hi.1 va ten

Nhiem

vu

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

HOP DONG

Biki 44: Luy^n tSp Hitlrocacbon kh6ng no

HS Thai gian tir: den

Ngi dung

Giai BTI

Giai BT 2

Giai BT 3

Giai BT 4

Giai BT 5

Giai BT 6

GiaiBT?

Giai BT 8

Giai BT 9

Yeu cau

• -

*

*

*

*

*

*

9

•

Hinh ihirc

t

(HI ittt

t t

t

t

t 1

t

t

(phut)

10

10

7

S

7

5

5

5

8

i /

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• i

• s

^

^

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> ? i

- V

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,-v

danh gia

©©©

©<gl©

© © g l

@®S

©e©

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© © ©

© © 8

© © ©

Cac ki hieu:

* Nhiem vu b5t huge • Nhi?m vu ttf chyn '"' Tiln trien toi

! Hoat dong ea nhan t t Nhdm titi! '^ Gap kho khiin

iW Hoat dgng theo nhom dong G Tlioi gian tfii da © Riit thoili mai

</ Da hoan thanh l- Hoan thanh a nha © Binh thirong

^ Co philu hd tro ^ Cfi dap in © Gap kho khan

Tfli cam ket thyc hj^n dung theo hi/p dong Hoc sinh (kl, ghi ro hg ten) Oiao vien (ki, ghi ro hg len)

Nguyen Thi Thgn Pham Hdng Bac t

Ban hdp ddng se bao gdm cat nhiem vu bat budc va nhiem vu tu chgn, cung vdi nhflng kf hieu ehi ddn cu the vl thdi gian, each thflc hoat dting Nhflng bai tap dtfara ddi hdi yeu eau tdi thieu

la HS dat dtfde nhffng chuii'n kiln thfle vii kl nang, dat dtfde yeu eiu cua bin hgc

2.2.2 Sur dung ItfOc dd tU duy trong day hoc theo goc [7, 8]

Trong PPDH theo gdc, cae nhdm HS ITnh hgi ngi dung kien thffc bai hoe thdng qua viec Ihtfc hien nhiem vu tai ciie gdc vii Ira ldi eau hdi trong cac phieu hgc tap Viee cho HS he thfing hoa lai kiln thfle dd dtfdi dang LDTD se giup HS hieu va ghi nhd ndi dung bai hgc sau sdc hdn

GV ed the thffc hien viec nay bang each yeu tiu HS he Ihdng lai kien ihffc trt)ng cae philu htic tap dffdi dang LDTD Khi bao tao san pham, ndi dung If thuylt HS se bao ciio dtfdi dang LDTD, ngi dung bai tap HS se bao cao dtfdi dang phieu hgc tap

Vf dli: Day hoe bai Axit sunfuric (Hoii hgc Idp 11)

Hoai ddng / (15 phut)

- GV neu mue tieu, each thtfc hien nhiem vu theo gde, thdi gian mdi gdc: 12 phut

- Neu tdm tat miic tieu, nhiem vu cua mdi gtie Yeu cau HS Itfa chtm gdc phu hdp theo phong each hoc sd thfch vii nang ltfc cua minh

- GV htfdng dan HS thtfc hien eae gtie hge tap theo nhdm

Hogt dgng 2 (50 phui)

- HS chia thanh 3 gde hge tap' gdc phan tfch, gdc quan sat, gdc trai nghiem GV phat muc

tieu, nhiem vii, phieu hgc lap lai eat got hgc tap eho mdi HS

GV giai dap cat thac mac cfla HS, nhdm HS, trd giup neu can thiet

- GV nhiic nhd HS luan cbuyen gdc htic tap trong irai ttf

Hogt ddng 5(15 phut) Tdng kit

GV yeu can dai dien nhdm HS len trinh bay siin pham hoe tap dtfdi dang LDTD

Yeu cau cat HS khiie lang nghe, danh gia cac san pham htic tap cua nhdm minh vii nhom khae Cac nhdm bd sung, hoan thien cho san pha'm cua minh

GV trinh ehilu dap an de HS so siinh va tff danh gia

Hogt dpng 4 (5 phiit)

GV tdng kit lai bai hgc tren LDTD (may ehilu), cung cd the chgn mot san pham LDTD

do HS trinh bay de long kit ndi dung biii htic, gulp HS khai quiil Iai kien thffc trong tam can nam (Hinh 3)

*Nhiim vu ciia cdc gdc

Muc tieu

GOC PHAN TICH

- Trinh bay dtfde can tao phan tff, tfnh chat vat li,

each nhan bilt axit sunfuric va mudi sunfat

tfnh axit cua H2SO4, san xuat HjSO^,

- Chffng minh dtftle HiSO,, dac cd tfnh oxi htia manh

Nhiem vu

- Ca nhan nghien effu SGK biii axit sunfunc va mudi sunfat

CQDSiS''

EE^TSTtTH

- Chia cdng viec eho mdi cd nhan hoan thanh Phieu htic tap sd I

- Nhdm hoan thanh san pham vao LDTD

Phieu hgc tap sd 1

1 Axit sunfuric

- Viet cong thffc eau tao cua H2SO4, xac dinh sd 0x1 hoa cua S

- Neu mgt sd tinh chit vat Ii eua H2SO4: trang thai, mau sdc, tfnh tan

-Neu, giai thfch va so sanh tinh chit hoa hoc efla H2SO4 loang va dac (vilt PTHH minh hoa)

2 Muoi sunfat

- Trinh bay tinh tan cfla mgt sd mudi sunfat

- Trinh bay phtfdng phap nhdn biet ion sunfat va vilt PTHH minh hoa

GOC QUAN SAT

Muc tieu: Tien hanh quan sat cac video thf nghiem cho bill tfnh vat If, ti'nh chat hoa hgc, phtfdng

phap dieu chl H2SO4, each nhan biet ion sunfat

Nhiem 'vu:

- Tff dac diem cau tao phan iff sd oxi htia cua S Irong phan tff, hay dtf doan tfnh chit hoa hoc cd ban eua H2SO4 va de xuat cae phan ffng hoa hge de kiem chffng

- Quan sal clip thi nghiem Thdo Iuan nhdm va hoan thanh Philu hgc tap sd 2

- Hoan thanh san pham cua nhdm dtfdi dang LDTD

Phieu hflt tdp sd 2

Stt

1

2

3

Ten t h i n g h i e m

Quan sat Io H2SO4 dac

GV tiln hanh thi nghiem: C h o khoilng

2ml ntfdc vao d n g nghiem, them viii

gigt H2SO4 d a t viio, H S Iheo ddi stf

thay ddi nhiet dd eiia dung dich (sd lay

ben ngoai dng nghiem)

HS quan sat clip thf nghiem

T N I ' C h o mot manh Cu vao dung tlich

H a S 0 4 dae, quan sat hien Wdng

T N 2 : N h d H2SO4 d a c vao difdng

s a t t a r o z o

H i e n lUtmg, giai thich Yeu cau

Nhiin xet irang thai, miiu, miii, Nhan xet ifnh tan cua HjSOi dac

HS quan sat, mfi

la thf nghiem Neu ifnh chat

c u a H i S O i d a c

Quan sat day c h u y i n san xuat axii 1 i Tdm liu cac giai H2SO4 i ddan

GOC TRAI NGHIEM

Muc tieu: Tiln hanh Iam cac thf nghiem dtfdi sir htfdng diin cua GV nham kiein chtfng lai

mot sd tfnh chat cua H2SO4 va each nhan bici um sunfal

Nhiem vu:

- HS trong nhdm thtfc hien thf nghiem iht:o lurdng dim cua GV iiong Phieu hoc tiip so ?

- Thdng nhat kit qua va thao Iuan nhdm hoiin ihiinh phicu hoc tap sd 3

Phieu hoc tap sd 3

Stt

1

2

3

Ten t h i n g h i e m

Cho vai gigt H2SO4 loang vao giay L|uy

tim

Cd 2 ong nghiem, mdi ong cho viio

khoang 2ml dung dich H2SO4 loang

Ong I: cho mdt vien Zn, quan sat

Ong 2: eho mot manh Cu vao, quan sat

hien ttfdng, rdi dun sdi dng nghiem n e n

nggn Iffa den edn den khi ed khi nun

hae thoat ra ihl dflng lai, cho bdng (am

xul len mieng dng nghiem

Cho H2S0., + B a C b : cho vao dng

nghiem 2ml H2SO4 loang, cho vai gioi

BaCl2 vao

H i e n tUdng, giai thich Yeu cau

Nhan xel

T C H H Clia

H j S O , loang

So sanh tinh chill tlia dung dich HjSOi loiing vil diic

Neu phtfdng phiip hoa hiic nhiin biel ion siinrai

GOC AP DUNG

Muc tieu: Tfl kiln thtfc da ehuan bj litfiit dp dung hoan thimh cdc bin lap

Nhiem vu: Hoan ihiinh Philu hoc tap sd 4

Phieu hoc tap sd 4 Bai 1 Hoan thanh ehudi phan ffng boa hge sau (ca nhan)

FeS2 -> SO2 -> SO3 -^ H2SO4 -> SO2 -> Na2SO;j -^ Na2S0j ^ NaCI -> NaNOs

i

HCl -^ H2S ~» H2S0i

Bai 2 Cho cac dung dich khdng mau cfla tac chat sau NaCI, KjCO;,, Na2S04, HCl, Ba(N0})2-Phan biet cae dung dich da cho mil khting dung them hoa chat nao khac

2.2.3 Sir dung lUdc do tu duy trong day hgc theo du an

Cac du dn hgc tap trong day hgc theo dtf an cd the phan thanh 3 Ioai lien quan tdi thdi gian: dtf an nhd (thtfc hien ngay trong tiet hgc), diJ an trung blnh (ihtfc hien ngoai gid, bao cao kit qua dtf an d tiet hoc tuin ke tiep) va dtf an Idn (thtfc hien ngoai gid, bao eao ket qua dtf an sau 2 - 10 m"an)[4, 8, 9, 10]

* Du dn nho

a Cdc ndi dung kien thifc dexdy difng du dn nhd

Cdc de tdi mang tinh tdng quat de xay dtfng du an nhd la eac ndi dung lien quan tdi ehat: Tinh chat cua chat A; Vai trd cua chat A trong thtfc tien ddi song, sdn xuat; Phuong phap dieu che, bao quan va sff dung chat A

b Muc tieu chinh: Tim hieu cac tinh chit vat If hoac tinh chat hoa hgc hoae tfng dung eua

chat A d mffc dd liet ke; Hieu sd ltfdc cd sd li thuyet va ndi dung cua cac tfng dung dd, Ren luyen

kl nang thu thap thong tin tff cac ngudn ttf lieu SGK, saeh tham khao; Lap LDTD noi dung chfl dl; Trinh bay san pham d dang LDTD ddn gian

c Phuang phdp thuc hien: GV neu chfl de dU an, muc tieu tua dtf an va cac cau hdi dinh

htfdng ngi dung dff an (qua philu hoc tap) =^ Td ehflc cbo HS lam viec Iheti nhdm ed stf phan cdng cong viec cbo ca nhan trong nhdm ^ HS lam viec ca nhan, nhdm theo kl hoach ^ To chffc bao cdo san pham ciia dtf an

* Du dn trung binh

a Cdc ndi dung kien thuc dexdy dimg du dn trung binh

De tai cac dtf an trung binh thtfdng ve cd ban gidng htfdng de tai cua dtf an nhd, khac vl quy mo va thdi gian thtfc hien du an, bao gdm- Tfnh chat cua chat A; Vai trd cua chat A trong thffc tien ddi sdng, san xual; phtfdng phap dilu chl, bao quan va sfl dung chat A; Anh htfdng cac chat din mdi trtfdng khong khi ntfdc, dat; cae bien phap khac phue

b Muc lieu chinh: Tim hieu eac tinh chat vat If, hoa hgc bode ffng dung cua chat A d mffc

do sau sac; Hieu cd sd li thuylt va ndi dung eua cac tfnh chdt va ffng dung dd, Ren luyen ki nang thu thap thong tin tff cae ngudn ttf lieu ngoai SGK; Lap LDTD ndi dung chu de; Trinh bay sin pham bang LDTD va bao eao cd ap dung CNTT

c Phtfdng phap thUc hien dtf an Irung binh: GV gidi Ihieu kl hoaeh hoc tap chUdng va xac dinh noi dung dtf an ^ Chia nhdm HS xay dtfng dtfde bd cau hdi (3inh htfdng, xae dinh muc tieu cffa duan => GV dtfa ra nhffng yeu cau ve qua trinh thtfc hien vii ve san pham cua dtf an, dffa chi

din \k each thffc td chflc, thtfc hien, tai lieu tham khao, ke hoach danh gia va each thflc danh gia

=?• GV quy dinh thdi gian nop san pham dtf an HS phan edng eong viee va thtfc hien ke hoa^eh da dat ra GV giam sat, theo ddi, danh gia qua trinh thtfc hien dtf an =?• GV to chtfc I - 2 liet hgc de' cac nhdm bdo eao san pha'm GV cflng vdi HS tdng hdp cac kil qua danh gia (cac bang kiem, phieu danh gia) va cbo diem dtf an nhdm va tflng ca nhan

*DU dn ldn

Day hgc theo dtf an cd the ndi Iii PPDH dac biet sff dung hieu qua trong day hgc theo chu

d l tieh hdp, hen he t a c kiln (hiVc giffa ciic mun hoc gim lien t a c kien thffc tren Itip vdi kiln ihijc thtfc lien Cac dif an miy ihtfdng lii cac tltf an Itin, HS thtfc hicn irong khoang 2 - 1 0 tuan Sau khi

HS hoc xong mot niii dung niio dd lien hip - thtfdng luii dung theo bin h o t hoac chtftlng, GV cho

HS thtfc hien cac dtf iin hen quan

Vi du, s a u k h i h o t xtmg bin G l u L o / i u H d i i IHK Kip 12) HS xiiy dirng dtf iin hoc tap tim hieu

v l gltfcozd thdng qua bang kc hoacli sau

Nhiem

vu

I

2

3

4

Noi d u n g

hoat d d n g

Tim hieu

chung ve

glucozd

Vai trd \'a

chffc niing

eua glucozd

trong ddi

sdng

Stf chu>en

hoa gkiLozif

trong CO the

va benh neu

dtfdng

Sfl dung tnoi

SO ngudn

glucozd ttf

nhien

Kc hoach t h u c hicn

- Thiel ke L D T D bai Glucozti

- Xiiy dtfng kich ban md diiu eho dtf iin

- Liim video md dau cho dtf an (cac

Ihiinh vien iiong nhdm ttf ddng kich)

- Tim kiem ttf lieu ve vai lid vii chffc

nang cua glucozd trong ct' (he (rong

ddi sdng

- Xiiy dtfng bin biio cao PouerPouK

- Tim kiem (tf lieu

- Bcio Ciio PoweiPoini \ e qua tiinh

chuyen hoa glucoztl tiong cti the

- Bao cao PowerPoint ve benh tieu

dtfimg vil each phimg tiiinh

- Tim kiem ttf lieu, di thtfc te dm

hieu ve ciic phtfdng phiip che hien stf

dung, biio quan nid( sii ihtfc phi'mi chtfa

gluct)Zti

- Thtfc hanh Iam artfu tff qua diiu vii

liim giiim chudi

- Biio Clio PtiwerPoint vc quy tiinh liim

nftiu diiu, giam chudi

- Mau giam va atdu (tf liiiii

T h d i gian

3 ngiiy

2 ngiiy

2 ngiiy

4 ngiiy

2 ngiiy

2 ngiiv

3 ngiiy

2 ngay

3 ngiiy

10 ngiiy

S a n pham

LDTD vil video

LDTD va bill PowerPoint

LDTD va bai PowerPoint

LDTD vii bill PowerPoint

\ii iriiiu rtfdu, giam

2.3 Tien hanh thtrc nghiem str pham va ket qua

Chting toi dii lien hanh thirc nghiem sir pham de kiem ngliitim linti hieu qua vit klui ihi ciia viec day hgc hoa hoc sif dung cac PPDH then hdp dong da> hoc Iheo gtie day hoc theo dU an co sii diang L D T D trong giang day hoa hoc li tiuilng T H P T T N S P dlWc ticn hiinh viio niim hoc 2015 •

2016 tai 6 ldp 10, I I 12 ctia 1 tmilng T H P T lai lmh Hii Gi.iiig la Tuliliig T H P T Chuyen Hit Giang thanh pho Ha Giang, T H P T ViSl Vinh T H P T Quan Ba vi'li long s6 HS th«c nghiem lit 244 vii doi chliiig la 240 H S , 22 giao vien K a qua ihiTc nghitim diroc Ihli ihiip vii xti li theo phuong phap thong ke toan hoc vc ca cac miit dmh tinh vii dmh Itfong qua cac ket qua biing kiem quan siit, phieu hoi, danh gia san pham vii bin kiem tra 15 phiit cua HS vii cac phieu hiii ciia GV Do khuon kho

CO han ctia bai bao niiy nhiing phiin iich vii diinh gui cu the chiing toi se tiinh hay ti bai bao khac de^chi rd tiu diem ciia viec sit dung L D T D n o n g mfil so P P D H lich cite, gdp ph.an nhiim n.ang cao chat lUdng day hoc mdn Hii.l hoc li Irilinu: T H P T