TLK lieu tham khao S6 11(77) ndm 2015 XAY DUTVG BO TD LIEU CARTOGRAMS PHUC VU DAY HOC PHAN DIA LI KINH TE XA HOI CHU*aNG TRINH LOTp 10 HUYNH PHAM DUNG PHAT'''' TOM TAT Bdi vih gidi ibieu vl'''' bd lu lieu c[.]
Trang 1TLK lieu tham khao S6 11(77) ndm 2015
XAY DUTVG BO TD LIEU CARTOGRAMS PHUC VU DAY HOC PHAN DIA LI KINH TE - XA HOI CHU*aNG TRINH LOTp 10
HUYNH PHAM DUNG PHAT'
TOM TAT
Bdi vih gidi ibieu vl' bd lu lieu cartogram - mdt dang bdn do true quan chira dugc
.sir dung pho biin a \ 'iel \'ain - dugc xdy dung de phuc vu cong tdc gidng dgy vd hgc lap phdn Dja li Kinh li - Xu hdi lap 10 Irung hoc pho ihdng (THPT) Iheo he ihong bdi hgc vd
de xudl mdl so dinh hudng img dung hd lu lieu ndy
Tir khoa: cartograms ban dd Dia li ldp 10 trung hpc phd thdng
ABSTRACT
Building the Cartograms resources for teaching Economic
and Social geography In grade 10
The article aims al inlroducing ihe collection of cartograms teaching resources - a form gi visual maps which has noi been used widely in Vietnam - lo serve the leaching and learning of social-economic geography of 10" graders in senior high schools through sysiemulic le.ssons The ariicle also suggests some directions for utilizing these teaching resources
Keywords: cartogram map grade 10 Geography syllabus
1 Dat van de
Ban dd la phuang tien, ngudn tu
lieu quan trpng giiip cho qua trinh day
hpc Dja li dat dupc ket qua cao, phat huy
tinh tieh cue sy lien he phdn tieh va ldng
h a p trong qud trinh ITnh hdi kiln thiie eiia
ngudi hpe
Cartograms la mdl dang dac biet
ciia ban dd Vdi hinh dang ddc biel cua
minh cartograms cd nhflng lpi t h i nhdt
djnh Irong viec the hien true quan cac
yeu Id kinh te - xd hdi ma cac dang ban
dd truyln thdng chua lam ndi bat dupc
Ngudn tu lieu ve cartograms tren
the gidi kha phd bien nhung viec sir dyng
chung trong gidng day va hpc tap tai Viet
Nam cdn chua phd biln va hdu nhu chua
cd mdt cdng trinh nao trong viec xdy dyng mpt he thdng cartograms phyc vu viec day hpc dia li d edp THPT Trude yeu eau ddi mdi trong cdng tac day va hpc viec dp dung eae p h u a n g tien mdi trong qua trinh day hpc la d i l u tdt y l u , vi vay viec thanh lap mdt bd tu lieu ve cartograms phuc vu giang day va hpc tap chuong trinh Dja li T H P T la cdn thilt trong giai doan hien nay
Bai viet gidi thieu v l bd tu lieu cartograms do chiing tdi xay dung phuc
vu giang day phdn Dia II Kinh t l - Xa hdi chuong trinh Dia Ii Idp 10 nhdm phd biln phuong tien day hpc true quan nay trong thdi gian tdi
NCS, Trudrig Oai hpc Su- phgm TPHCM, Email: hpdphal@gmail com
Trang 2Huynh Phdm Diing Phdt
2 Npi dung nghien ciru
2.1 Khdi qudt ve cartograms
Ban dd dupc gpi la cartograms khi
no cd sy bien dang ve kich thudc, ddi
khi ca vc hinh dang hoac khoang each
giu'a cdc Ianh thd dia li mot each ro
rang Thdng thudng lanh thd dia
phuang tren cartograms dupc bien ddi
de kich thudc eiia chung ti le thudn vdi
quy md ciia cac ddi tupng dja li bdt ki
CO ttnh nang do ludng dupc can the hien
tren lanh thd dd [3]
Cartograms la mdt ioai do hpa md
la thudc tinh cua cac ddi tupng dia li
bdng dien tich cua ddi tupng [4] Bdi vi
mpt cartograms khdng md ta khdng
gian dia li, nhung viec thay ddi kich cd
eiia cac ddi tupng phu thudc vao mdl thudc tinh nhdt dinh cartograms cd thi
ed hinh dang khae nhau lii; thudc vao mirc dp thay ddi kich cd lanh thd Mdl
sd cartograms rut gidng vdi ban dd giao khoa thudng gap tuy nhien mdt sd lai trdng khdng gidng mdt ban dd ndo ca Viec thanh lap eae cartograms ciia nhieu lieu ehi khac nhau vdi nhung hinh dang da dang eung se giiip ngudi dpc ban
dd tiep can sy khac biet mdt each ro rang Hinh IB the hien qu\ md dun so cac qudc gia tren the gidi cd hinh dang hoan loan khac biet so vdi hinh dang lanh tho qudc gia thudng thdy d cde ban do truyen thdng the hien d hinh I A
Trang 3Tu" lieu tham khao
Qua hinh 1 chung ta co the khai
thac mot each true quan va nhanh nhat
cac gia tri so sanh sir chenh lech giira cac
dia phuang thi hien tren ban do dua vao
dien tich lanh Ihl duoc phiing to hay thu
nho D^ bi^t gia tri chi tiSt ciia d6i tuong
chiing ta co thi xem Ihiim file so lieu chi
tiet cua timg quiic gia kem theo ban do
22 CSu true layout mgt cartograms
dirffc thdnh lap
DJ thuan lpi trong viec khai thac sir dung trong giang day va hpc tap cau triic mgt cartograms gom co ba phan chinh: phSn th^ hien ten cartograms M:I don \ i tinh ciia tieu chi mil cartograms the- hien phjn ban do the hien dien lich lanh thd cac chau luc theo each tru\cn thdng, phfin cartograms (hinh 2)
BAN DO
eiA TRI SAN X U A T C O N G N G H I $ P
CAC QUOC GIA TRCN THE GIOI
NAM 2010
BOTVJ USD ^ _ _
Hinh 2 Cau true layout mgt cartograms trong bo tu lieu
\'e mau sac, de tang them tinh true
quan, cac khu vuc/chau luc se dupc mo ta
bang nhiing he mau khac nhau, moi quoc
gia St! dupc bieu hien bang cac cap dp
mau khac nhau trong he mau do theo
nguyen tac cac quoc gia co chung bien
gioi se khong co mau giong nhau giiip
nguoi khai thac ban do de nhan dang cac
quoc gia hon
Cac cartograms dupc thanh lap
Ngan hang 'Ihe giai cong bo eho tirng chi tieu kinh te - xa hpi Sau khi khai thac cartograms neu muon biet so lieu
chi tiet nguai dpc ban d6 co thi xem b
file do lieu excel dinh kem M6i file se
CO hai sheet, mpt sheet s5p xSp dO lieu theo thli tu ten cac qu6c gia (ten qu6c gia xep theo thir tu bang chO cai) nhu hinh 3A, mpt sheet sip xSp dir lieu theo thir til gia tri ciia chi tieu tir cao din thip
Trang 4Huynh Phdm Dung Phdi
Hlnh 3 File dir Uiu chi tiet dinh kem cartograms
2.3 Bg tu- lieu cartograms phuc vu dgy
hgc chuffng trinh Dja li Idp 10 phan
kinh te - xd hpi
Dya tren ehuang trinh ciia sach
gido khoa Dia li ldp 10, chimg tdi da
Ihanh lap 46 cartograms phii hop npi
dung chirang trinh hd trp day va hpc cac
miic CO the ling dung cartograms trong
phin kinh te - xa hdi
Moi tieu chi kinh tl - xa hdi edn
bieu hien tryc quan bdng cartograms se
duac thanh lap mdl cartograms vdi mdc
thai gian la nam 2005 dl cd tbi so sanh
vdi cac ban dd dang truyen thong in trong sach gido khoa va n dt cartograms vdi mdc thdi gian mdi nhdt do Ngan hang The gidi cdng bd (cac nam 2010 din
2012 tiiy tieu chi)
Cac cartograms trong bd tu lieu budc dau dupc phan loai (xem hinh 4) theo he thdng cdc bai hpc trong chuong trinh tir bai 22 den bai 40 sach giao khoa Dia Ii 10 Ban eo ban (trir cac bai thyc hanh va giam tdi)
T-ir
i^ti
J K "
Trang 5Trong timg bai, eae cartograms va file dfl lieu dinh kem se duac phdn loai theo timg muc cu the ciia he thong bai hpc trong sdch giao khoa Hinh 5 minh hpa cho vipc phan Ioai d bai 37 Cac loai hinh giao thdng van tai Vdi each phan loai chi tiet, cd ngudi day vd ngudi hpe deu cd the nhanh chdng lya chpn cac cartograms phii hpp phuc
vu cho viec day va hpc
Hinh 5 Phdn logi cartograms theo di muc a mdt bdi cu the
Trang 6Cac cartograms, file dir lieu ciia bd
tu lieu dupc phan loai theo he ihdrig cac
bai hpc cu the nhu sau:
Bdi 22: Ddn sd vd sir gia tdng ddn
sd:
Cartograms ve dan sd cac qudc gia
Iren thi gidi ndm 2005, 2012 phuc vu
phdn I Dan sd va tinh hinh phat trien dan
sd the gidi
Cartograms ve ti sual sinh ihd d
cac quoc gia tren the gidi nam 2005,
2012 phuc vu phdn II Gia tang ddn sd,
muc 1 Gia tang ty nhien diem a Ti
suat sinh Ihd
Cartograms ve ti sudt tir thd d cdc
qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2012;
Cartograms ve ti le tre em tir vong d cac
quoc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2012
phuc vu phan II Gia tdng ddn sd, muc 1
Gia tang ty nhien, diem b Ti suat tir thd
Cartograms ve ti Ie gia tang dan sd
6 cac qudc gia tren the gid! nam 2005,
2012 phuc vu phan II Gia tdng dan sd,
muc 3 Gia tang dan sd
Bdi 23 Ca cdu ddn sd:
Cartograms ve ti Ie ddn sd tir 0-14
tuoi; 15-64 tudi; 65 tudi trd len d cac
qudc gia tren thi gidi nam 2005, 2012
phuc vu phdn I Ca cdu sinh hpc, myc 2
Co cau dan sd theo tudi
Bdi 24 Phdn bd ddn cu Cdc logi
hlnh qudn cu vd dd thi hoa:
Cartograms ve ti le dan thanh thi d
cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005,
2012 phuc vu phdn III Dd thj hda, muc
2 Ddc dilm
Bdi 25 Thuc hdnh phdn tich bdn do
phan bd ddn cu thi gidi:
Cartograms ve mat dp dan sd cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005 2012: phuc vu phan 11 Ndi dung thyc hanh
Bdi 26 Ca cdu nen kinh le:
Cartograms ve ti trpng ndng nghiep trong GDP cue qudc gia tren the gidi nam
2005 2010; Cartograms ve ti trpng edng nghiep trong GDP cue qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2010 va Cartograms \e ti trpng dich vy trong GDP cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005 2010 phuc vu phdn II Co cdu nen kinh te, muc 2 Cae
bp phdn hop thanh co cdu nen kinh te, diem a Ca eau nganh kinh te
Bdi 27 Vai trd dgc diem, cdc nhdn
to dnh hu&ng tai phdn bd ndng nghiep Mdt sd hlnh thuc td chirc lanh thd ndng nghiep:
Cartograms ve dien tieh ddt ty nhien d cac qudc gia tren the gidi ndm
2005, 2011; Cartograms ve ti le ddt ndng nghiep d cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam
2005, 2011 phuc vu phdn II Cac nhdn td anh hudng tdi su phan bd ndng nghiep, nhdm Nhdn td tu nhien, muc Quy ddt
Bdi 28 Dia li ngdnh trong trgt:
Cartograms ve san luang ngu cdc phuc vu phan I Cay luong thuc Cartograms ve ti Ie dien tich ddt rimg so vdi tdng dien tich dat tu nhien d cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005, 2011; Cartograms ve dien tich rimg d cdc qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005 2011 phuc vu phdn III Nganh trdng rimg, muc
2 Tinh hinh trdng rimg
Bdi 29 Dia li ngdnh chdn nudi:
Cartograms vl san lupng thit phuc
vu phdn II Cac nganh chan nudi
Trang 7Tu- li$u tham khao
Bdi 32 Dia li cdc ngdnh cong
nghiep:
Cartograms ve dien ndng tieu thu
binh qudn dau ngudi d cac qude gia tren
t h i gidi nam 2005, 2011 phuc vu phdn 1
Cdng nghiep ndng Iupng
Bdi 35 Vai tro, cdc nhdn to dnh
hirdng den sir phdt trien vd phdn bd
ngdnh dich vu:
Cartograms ve tl trpng dieh vu
trong GDP cdc qudc gia tren the gidi
nam 2005 2010 phyc vu phdn III Ddc
diem phdn bd cac nganh dich vu tren
the gidi
Bdi 37 Dia U cdc ngdnh giao thong
van tdi:
Cartograms \ e ehieu dai dudng sdt
cac qudc gia tren the gidi nam 2005,
2011 Cartograms \ e van chuyen hanh
khach bang dudng sat va Cartograms ve
\ d n chuyen hang hda bang dudng sal
phyc vy phdn I Dudng sat
Cartograms ve mang ludi dudng d
td va cartograms ve van chuyen hanh
khdeh bdng dudng d Id Cartograms v l
lupng khi thai COT d cue qudc gia tren
t h i gidi ndm 2005 2010 phuc vu phan II
Duimg d td
Cartograms ve cang container va
ban dd (cartograms) ve tdu chd ddu, phuc
vy phan V Dudng bien
Cartograms ve van chuyin hanh
khach bang dudng hang khdng;
cartograms ve van chuyen hang hda bdng
dudng hang khdng va cartograms v l
quang dudng bay bang dudng hang
khdng phyc vy phdn VI Duimg hang
khdng
Bdi 40 Dia li ngdnh thuang mgi:
Cartograms v l ehi sd gia tri xuat khdu d cdc qude gia tren the gidi ndm
2005, 2 0 1 1 ; cartograms ve chi sd gia tri nhap khdu d cde qudc gia tren thg gidi nam 2005, 2011 phuc vy phdn UT Ddc diem ciia thi trudng the gidi
Ngoai ra, trong qud trinh giang day thuc l l , gido vien cd the van dyng cac
cartograms da dupc tde gia thanh l^p vdo
cdc d l muc khac khi cdn thiet ma d pham
vi bai bao nay khdng trinh bay chi tilt,
2.4 Dfnh hudng irng dung bg ttr U^u cartograms trong gidng dgy
Ngoai viee sir dyng bd tu Upu cartograms nhu da phdn lo^i theo he thdng bai hpc d sach giao khoa Dia Ii ldp
10, ngudi sir dyng bd t u lieu cd the linh ddng trong viec sii dung cac cartograms trong qua trinh gidng day
Thli nhdt, cdc cartograms trong bd
t u lieu cd the d u p e sir d u n g de giang day trong e h u o n g trinh D i a li ldp 11 va ldp 12
Thir hai, cac cartograms cd the dupc tap h a p de giang day cac chuyen d l ngoai khda, cdc chuyen de chuyen mdn nhu chuyen d l ddn sd [4] hay chuyen d l
ve giao due thien tai [1]
Thli ba dya tren bp t u Ueu da dupc thanh lap cd the phat t r i l n h u d n g nghien eim ve viec sir dung cartograms h-ong gidng day vd hpc tap Dia li d trudng
T H P T cung nhu nhung k i t qua do cdng
eu nay mang Iai
3 K e t luan Cartograms da t h i hien d u a c nhimg uu d.em ve tinh tryc quan, khoa hpe Viec thdnh Idp bd t u lieu cartograms b u d c ddu dam bao c a bdn
Trang 8vi mat s6 lugng cartograms, tinh tien
dung trong khai thac phuc vu viec
giang day cac bai hpc trpng phan Dia 11
Kinh ti - Xa hpi ehuang trinh lap 10
THPT va cac chuyen di Ngoai ra, bp
tu lieu cartograms cung se ma ra huang nghien ciru mai trong viee irng dung va danh gia hieu qua sii dung cua cartograms trong day va hpc Dja li tai Viet Nam
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
Huynh PhSm Dung Phat va tgk (2013), "Thanh lap cartogram phuc vu giao due thien
tai trong chuong trlnh Dia li trung hpc pho thong" Tap chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hoc Suphgm Thanhphd HO ChiMinh, (45) tr.l73-180
Huynh Ph4m Dung Phat va tgk (2014), "Danh gia viec sir dung Contiguous
cartograms trong giang day chuyen de dan s6'\ Tgp chi Khoa hoc & Gido due Truimg Dgi hgc Su phgm Dd Ndng (13) tr.109-112
Daniel Dorling (1996) Area Cartograms: Their Use and Creation CATMOGS
Oastner, M Newman (2004), "Diffusion-based method for producing
density-equalizing Maps", Proceedings of Ihe National Academy of Sciences USA No.101,
p.7499-7504
(WgS/ Tda soan nhin dirge bai 16-6-2015: ngay phan bien dinh gia: 20-6-2015, ngiycliip nt>$n dSng- 24-11-2015)