TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM So 8(74) nam 201S V ROI NHIEU TAM TRf VA SU LIEN HE DEN CAC HANH VI VI PHAM NOI QUY, BAO LUC TRONG TRUOTVC HOC CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC TINH LAM DONG NGUYEN DiNH CHAT'''' TOM TA[.]
Trang 1V ROI NHIEU TAM TRf VA SU LIEN HE DEN CAC HANH VI
VI PHAM NOI QUY, BAO LUC TRONG TRUOTVC HOC
CUA HOC SINH TRUNG HOC TINH LAM DONG
NGUYEN DiNH CHAT' TOM TAT
Bill viil nay phan lich thuc trang rdi nhieu lam Iri ciia fl09 hoc sinh (HS) Irung hoc Lam Ddng v5 cdc mat: rdi nhiiu chung cac loai roi nhieu Ihdnh phdn roi nhieu theo giai tinh hac hoc hodn cdnh gia dinh Ddng Ihdi chi ra riii nhieu Idm tri Id mat trong nhiing ngiiyHn nhdn cua tinh Irgng HS vi pham noi cpn: bao lire Irong trucmg hoc Tren co sa da /mt vdn de dua Idm li hoc dirang vdo truimg Irung hoc
Tir khoa: thuc trang r6i nhieu tam tri, bao luc hpc ducmg, hoc sinh trung hpc, tinh
Lam Dong
ABSTRACT
Mental and behavioral disorders - its connection with the discipline violations and school violence of high school students in Lam Dong province
This article analyses the current situations of 809 high school 'Students in Lam Dong province who are suffering from the mental and behavioral disorders on Ihe following aspects, common disorders, kinds of componenlial disorders, disorders according lo gender, educational level, and.family circumstances Besides, the article indicates menial and behavioral disorders are one of the causes for students' violations of rules and school violence Then propose lo make use of psychology in high schools
Keywords: mental and behavioral disorders, school violence, high school students
Lam Dong province
1 Dat van de chu va kiem soat duac hanh vi de thich Hanh vi vi pham npi quy hpc tap, ling xa hpi Nguac lai, dai s6ng tinh thita bao lire trpng truang hpc cua HS trung ciia HS khong binh thuong (roi nhieu) s5 hpc dang la mpt hien tupng nhiic nh6i can tra cac em thyc hien npi quy nhi trong du luan xa hpi Nguyen nhan ciia trucmg, do kho kiSm soat hanh vi ciii hien tuang tren co the la nguyen nhan xa minh nen hay vi pham npi quy nha hpi (moi truang xa hpi, cpng dong noi truang, tham chi co nhihig hanh vi ch6iig sinh song hpc tap, gia dinh, truang hpc, dfii, thach thiic
nhom ban) va nguyen nhan tam li (dpng Theo NguySn Thi My Lpc va Dang
CO kha nang thich img, lech lac tam li, Hoang Minh [3], khi siic khoe tinh thin nhan each) Nhimg HS co doi s6ng tinh cua HS bi tdn thuong thi thuang co biJo
than binh thuong khoe manh thi se tham hien ben ngoai nhu r6i loan %\k ngii,
gia hoat dpng hpc tap binh thuong, lam bieng an, met moi, giam chii y, qua hifu
ThS, Tnrcmg Cao dSng S u pham Oa Lgt; Email: nguyendinhchat@gmail com
Trang 2ddng, giam sut hgc lap, thifiu hiing thu
xa lanh, ngai giao tiep lo sg , hdl
hoang, budn chan, tu tu, rdi loan hanh vi
chdng ddi, vi pham phap luat
Hien lugng trfin dat ra van dfi la trong
cac trudng trung hgc d Lam Dong, tinh
hinh HS bi rdi nhifiu tam tri nhu thfi nao?
Sd HS bi rdi nhieu lien he gi den hanh vi vi
pham ngi quy, bao lire trong trudng hgc va
giai phap nao cho nha irudng trung hgc
Lam Ddng dfi gdp phan giai quyfit van dfi
nay? Bai bao nay la mdt phan kfit qua
nghien cuu giai doan 1 ciia dfi tai: "Nghifin
cim tham van hgc dudng trong trudng
trung hgc tinh Lam Ddng"
2 Mot so khai niem cc ban
2 / Roi nhieu tdm tri
Rdi loan tam than va rdi nhieu tam
H la khai nifim ed ciing ddi tugng nghien
cim, dd la nhung ngudi khdng binh
thudng ve sire khde tinh than
Dac tnmg hanh vi ciia nhung ngudi
khdng binh thudng vfi siic khde tinh than
(cac nghien cim dich tfi hgc cho bifit sd nay
ehifim 15%) [5] so vdi nhung ngudi cd ddi
sdng tinh than binh thudng (ti le djch tfi
hgc 80%) la hg khdng the hifin, thuc hien
dugc thai dp iing xir, hanh vi mdt each
binh thudng nhu nhiing ngudi cd ddi sdng
Hnh than binh thudng (khde manh)
Theo Lfi Khanh, "rdi nhieu tam li
difin ra khi dira tre cd nhimg thai dp dap
ling hoac hanh vi khdng binh thudng,
khdng phu hgp vdi each iing xii nhu
nhirng diia tre khac cung dp ludl, tre ed
nhirng han chfi vt giac quan, vfi van
dpng" [2] Rdi nhifiu tam li la rdi loan
lam ih^n thfi nhe la md hinh ciia trifiu
chiing hanh vi khdng binh thudng da
hinh thanh mdt co cau ndi tam phan nao
cd dinh, do dd de giai tda nd rat can den nhung giai phap he thdng, bfin vttng ca bfin trong va bfin ngoai giao due tam li
va tri lieu tam li
Nguyin Khac Vien eho rang rdi nhifiu lam li "tiie la chua den loan lam, chua den lan ra nhan each gay mat djnh hudng, nhung cilng da hinh thanh mpt co cau ndi tam phan nao cd dinh can dugc thao gd mgt each cd he thdng chir khdng phai la phan iing nhat thdi) [8, tr.l 01] Pham Song, Tran Tuan [6] de nghi
sii dung khai nifim roi nhieu tdm tri vi roi nhieu tdm H hay roi logn tdm thdn la
nhung ngudi khdng binh thudng vfi mat siic khde tinh than ma tam than hpc gpi la
"mental disorders", tam li hpc ggi la ''mental health problems" Hai tac gia de
xual sir dung khai nifim roi nhieu tdm tri
vi nhiing li do sau:
Khai nifim "rdi nhifiu tam tri" ddi hdi su can thifip cua ca nhan, gia dinh xa hdi dfin viec cham chu:a sire khde tinh than cho ngudi benh va trien vpng hdi phuc nfiu dugc can thiep:
Khai nifim ''rdi nhifiu lam tri" thfi hien dugc su phire tap cua ca chfi benh sinh trong siic khde tam than, hau qua tat yfiu nfiu khdng dugc dieu trj;
Khai nifim "rdi nhifiu tam tri'* thfi hifin mirc do rdi loan tam than nhe hon,
cd thfi difiu tri trd lal binh thudng hon so vdi "benh tam than - mental Illnesses" Xet trong bdi canh van hda Viet Nam, cd dinh kifin sai Iam ve bfinh tam than, do do dung thuat ngtr "rdi nhifiu tam tri" dem lai mdt hinh anh than thifin vdi nhung ngudi nay dfi xa hdi khdng di
Trang 3TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM So 8(74) nam 2015 '^1
nghi la bfinh tam than
Theo chiing tdi, rdi nhieu tam tri la
rdi loan tam than thfi nhe dSn dfin mk kha
nang kiem soat hanh vi khien cho chu the
khdng the hifin dugc thai dp, thuc hien
dugc cae hanh vi img xii nhu nhtmg ngudi
kh^c van the hifin va thuc hifin mdt each
binh thudng Trfin co sd dd, rdi nhieu tam
tri d HS tmng hgc la nhflng khd khan tam
li d mirc nd gay ra trang thai tam li khdng
binh thudng va lech lac cua ca nhan vugt
qua ngudng kiem soal eua y thiic, sinh ra
nhung hanh vi khdng binh thudng, khdng
phu hgp vdi each iing xir thdng ihuimg
nhu nhimg HS khac trong vific chap hanh
difiu le, ngi quy nha trudng
Rdi nhifiu lam tri d HS trung hpc
khdng phai la nhiing hanh vi nhk thdi
phan ling lai hoan canh ma la mdt cdu true
ndi tam dang hinh thanh phan nao dn dinh
can phai dugc can thifip he thdng dfi trd lai
binh thudng HS rdi nhifiu tam tri dupc
xem la rdi loan tam than the nhe nhung
chua phai la bfinh tam than, ed thfi can
thiep dfi hdi phue bang giai phap tam li
hgc dudng va tri lieu tam li
2.2 Hanh vi vi phgm npi quy, bgo lire
trong tr irang hgc
Cac dau hifiu bfin ngoai ciia rdi
nhifiu lam tri da dugc nhifiu nha khoa hgc
nghifin cim va dugc tdng kfit trong y van
thfi gidi
Theo tai lieu So tay thong ke vd chdn
dodn cdc roi logn tdm than riit gon
-IV-cdc tieu chudn chdn dodn cua Hifip hdi tam
than qudc tfi [1] thi rdi loan tang ddng giam
chu y chia ra 2 dau hieu ehinh:
D4U hieu thii nhat ggi la m^t chii y,
tieu chuan chan doan cd 9 d§u hifiu
- D4U hieu thir hai cd hai bifiu hien, bifiu hifin thii nhal ggi la gia tang ho^t ddng, tifiu chuan chan doan cd 6 dau hieu Bifiu hifin thir hai ggi la linh xung dpng, tifiu chuan chan doan cd 3 dau hifiu Cung theo lal lieu trfin, mdt datng rdi loan hanh vi difin hinh khac la rdi loan
cu xir va rdi loan thach thiic chdng doi Cac tifiu ehuan chan doan rdi loan cu xir gdm 14 dau hifiu Cac tifiu chuan ch^ doan rdi loan chdng ddi, khifiu khich gfim
8 dau hieu
Can cti cac tieu ehuan chan doan tren chung tdi cho rang hanh vi vi pham ndi quy, bao lire trong trudng hpc ciia HS trung hpc cd thfi xem nhu la cac hanh vi rdi nhieu hpe tap va rdi loan cu xir, rfii loan thach thiic chdng ddi
Mdt trong nhung nguyen nhan gay
ra hanh vi rdi nhifiu hgc tap la nhiing HS
dd mac phai lang ddng giam ehu y (ADHD) Rdi loan cu xir, rdi loan chfing ddi, khieu khich la mdt trong nhthig nguyen nhan gay ra hanh vi mang tinh bao Iyc cua HS trong nha trudng
Nhung HS mac phai cac rdi loan hanh vi thudc rdi loan cu xir d miic nhe
va trung binh thudc loai rdi loan hanh vi ciia nhimg ngudi cdn cd kha nang thich ling xa hdi
2.3 Sdng lgc rdi nhieu tdm tri
Sang lpc rdi nhifiu tam tri la sii dyng cac cdng eu (test, bang hdi tam If)
dfi phat hifin nhanh nhirng ca nhan a
trong cdng ddng dang bi rdi loan tam than nham cd bien phap can thiep kip thoi, giup hg trd lai mdt site khde tinh than binh thudng
Trfin thfi gidi, ed nhifiu cdng cu
Trang 4iang lgc rdi nhieu tam tri nhu thang do ve
ianh vi eiia trfi em ciia Achenbach
T991) thang do long quat hanh vi cua
Conners (CBRS-SR), thang lugng gia
:huan doan ADHD eiia C Keith Conner,
3RQ (self - Reporting Questionaire)
dung cho ngudi ldn eua WTO phat trien
va khuyen cao sir dung
Trong nghifin ciiu nay, chiing toi sir
dung cdng cu sang lgc rdi nhieu tam tri
SQD 25 (Strength and Dificulties
Questionnaire) cua Robert Goodman d
Vien sire khde tam than Luan Ddn da dugc
Trung tam nghifin ciiu va phat trifin cdng
ddng (RTCCD) nghifin ciiu chuan hda dich
tfi hgc thich nghi d Vifit Nam nam 2004
3 Thu'c trang roi nhieu tam tri cua
HS trung hoc tinh Lam Dong
3.1 Phu-ffng phdp vd cong cu nghien
CU'U
Mau khao sat sang Igc rdi nhifiu la
HS ldp 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ciia 8 trudng trung
hgc d 6/12 huyfin, thi xa, thanh phd tren 3
vimg kinh lfi - xa hdi khac nhau cua tinh
Lam Ddng
Mau khao sat 809 khach the vdi dp
tin cay 95%, sai so ^ ~ 0,5, tri sd trung binh
3,117, trung binh dp lech so vdi tri trung
binh 1,263, dp lech chuan (o = 0,679)
Phuong phap tifin hanh sang lgc la timg HS thyc hien bang hdi trong difiu kifin trudc dd dugc can bd nghien ciiu hudng dan chi tifit y nghta cua vific tra ldi bang hdi va each tra ldi bang hdl Thdi gian tra Idi bang hdi tdi thifiu 20 phiit Cdng cu sang lgc rdi nhieu la bang hdi SQD 25 (RTCCD 2004) Bang hdi gdm 25 cau hdi la cae dau hifiu dac trung cua 5 loai hanh vi rdi nhifiu (rdi nhieu cam xiic, rdi nhifiu hanh vi ADHD, rdi nhifiu quan he ban be va rdi nhifiu quan
he xa hgi) de HS dpc cham, suy nghT va
tu dien vao phan tra ldi
- Tifiu chi danh gia tung loai rdi nhifiu va danh gia rdi nhieu chung Phifiu sang lpc SDQ 25 khdng phan bifit rdi nhifiu nang hay nhe ma chi dua ra tri sd rdi nhieu tdi thifiu
- Phuang phap vSx li sd lieu theo timg
phifiu cua timg HS Sau dd khao sat tinh hinh rdi nhifiu tam tri tren toan thfi mau khao sat
3,2 Ket qud sdng lgc roi nhieu tdm tri cua HS trung hgc tinh Ldm Dong
3.2.1 Tinh hinh chung
Sau khi xir li 809 bang hdi SQD 25 (RTCCD 2004 da dugc HS tra ldi dSy du, chung tdi thu dugc kfit qua nhu sau:
Bieu do J Tinh hinh roi nhieu tdm tri cua HS frung hgc
tinh Ldm Dong ti-ong mdu khdo sdt
• Roi nlueu I.iin
[ n
D (.'linsiu CO enc
b t i o i iihieii 1^111
l ^ ^ l 4
J54.5"*" ^ g Sue khoe (mil
W lUiiiioiiiitc: Lmtli
tljUoiic;
Trang 5TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
Bifiu dd 1 cho thay ti lfi HS rdi
nhieu tam tri la 28,2% Nhdm cd nguy co
cao roi nhieu tam tri (cd cac chi sd do
dugc nhd han 1 so vdi chi sd thap nhat d
mirc cd rdi nhifiu) ehifim ti le 17,3% Sd
HS cd sue khde tinh than binh thudng
(khdng rdi nhifiu) chiem H lfi 54.5%
Vdi 28,2% HS trong mau khao sal
bi roi nhieu thi ti le nay cao hon mdt sd
nghifin ciru d cac nudc nhu Nhat An Dp
Dire, Thuy ST Tay Ban Nha, Brazil, Hoa
Ki ve roi nhieu tam tri tre em tii' 4 dfin
18 tudi Cac nghifin cim nay cho bifit ti le
luu hanh rdi nhieu tir 12,7% dfin 22.5%
16] Tuy nhifin so vdi cac nghien ciiu ciia
nhung tac gia Vict Nam da cdng bd thi ti
le nay d mirc hgp li Chang han Dang
Hoang Minh, Hoang Cam Tu [4] sir dung
thang do hanh vi trfi em cua Achenbach da
ihieh nghi d Viet Nam (Achenbach, 1991)
trfin 1721 khach thfi la HS THCS d Ha
Ndi thi ti le rdi nhifiu la 25.8% Tran Dire
Thach & cdng sy [7] sir dung cong cu
sang lpc SDQ 25 RTCCD 2004 dfi sang
lpc rdi nhieu trfi em tir 11-18 tudi d Da
Nang vdi 3097 khach thfi, ti le rdi nhieu la
15,2% - 37,5%, d Khanh Hda vdi 3340
khach thfi li lfi rdi nhifiu 14,0% - 24.3%
Su khac nhau \t li lfi rdi nhifiu cd
thfi do cac nguyen nhan nhu co mau va
lay mau cdng cy sang lpc, phuang phap
phan tich sd lifiu
Kfil qua sang lgc trfin cho thay ti lfi
mac phai rdi nhieu tam tri ciia HS Lam
Ddng d mirc tuong duong vdi cac nghifin
ciru dich tfi hge d Viet Nam trong thdi
gian qua Sd HS mac phai rdi nhifiu tam
tri nfiu khdng dugc tham van can thifip
trudng hgc, trong dd mdt sd cd nguy co tang nang chuyen sang rdi loan tam than hoac cd nhtmg hanh vi bat thudng d§n dfin hau qua nghiem trpng Sd HS co nguy CO cao rdi nhifiu tam tri neu khong dugc giup dd thi cd thfi mdt sd sfi bi nSng hon chuyfin sang rdi nhifiu tam tri S6
HS khdng bi rdi nhifiu khdng cd nghTa la
an toan nfiu khdng dugc thudng xuyen giao due phdng ngira rdi nhifiu
3.2.2 Cdc loai hdnh vi roi nhieu tdm tri cita HS trung hoc tinh Ldm Dong Roi nhieu cdm xiic la rdi loan ngi
hda bifiu hien bfin ngoai la hay dau dau dau bung khdng do nguyfin nhan thfi ii lo ling, thifiu ty tin, buon rau;
Roi nhieu hdnh vi la rdi loan ngoai
hda, rdi loan cu xu bieu hien d su khong kifim soat dugc hanh vi, khdng tuan Ihii ndi quy trudng hgc hoac cac chuan muc hanh vi nhu ha\ ndi cau, khdng nghe loi ngudi ldn, giao vien danh nhau, bat nat ban; gian ddi, ndi ddi, ndi difiu va lay cap
dd ditng, lifin bac ciia ngudi khac
Tdng dong gidm chit y (ADHD) la
rdi loan ngoai hda bieu hien d sy khong thfi kifin tri, lap trung chit y, khdng thl ngdi \ fin mdt chd ludn bdn chdn, biit rut,
cd nhtmg vific lam dai dot, khdng hoan thanh ndi mdt cdng viec
Roi nhieu quan he bgn be la roi
loan ndi hda bifiu hifin d nhimg hanh vi tram cam nhe, xa lanh ban be, choi, lam mdt minh, it hoac khdng cd ban than, ban
be cung thudng xa lanh, khdng thich giin, thudng bi yfim thfi trong sinh hoat, hay bi
ban bat nat, de gkn, thich choi vdi nguoi ldn ludi nhung khd gkn, khd choi vdi tre
Trang 6Roi nhieu giao tiep xd hoi thudng
cd bieu hifin it quan lam dfin ngudi khac,
ddi xir khdng tdt vdi ban, ich ki, khdng
san long chia se do diing hpc tap, dd choi
vdi ban, it giup dd hay lang tranh giiip do
khi ngudi khac hoac ban bi dau dm
Ihudng ddi xir khdng tdt vdi tre nhd mdi hon va it khi ty nguyen giiip dd ai Xii li bang hdi SQD 25 (RTCCD 2004) trong ti le rdi nhifiu chung khdng bao gdm rdi nhieu giao tiep xa hdi, thu dugc ket qua nhu sau (xem bieu do 2):
Bieu do 2 Cdc logi roi nhieu HS trung hoc tinh Ldm Dong mdc phdi
0^ "7.3% ^
H
P H att" 28 2%
RiiiiiJlt^i Roinliieii
Bifiu dd 2 cho thay sd HS hi rdi
nhifiu cam xiic la 39,4% (trung binh
3,170, dp lech chu^n 1,487); Rdi nhifiu
hanh vi 43,9% (trung binh 2,510, dp lech
chu4n 1,327); ADHD 21,8% (mmg binh
3,430, dp lech c h u ^ 1,714); Rdi nhifiu
quan he giao tifip ban be 59,1% (trung
binh 2,90, do Ifich chuan 1,363) va rdi
nhieu giao tiep xa hgi 30,7% (trung binh
1,340, dp lech chuan 1,753); Ti lfi rdi
nhieu chung loan mau 28,2% (trung binh
3,177, dp lech chuan 0,679)
Mdt van dfi dat ra la trong 28,2% trudng hgp rdi nhifiu tam tri chung thi bao nhieu trudng hgp m^c phai ca 4 loai hay 3 Ioai, 2 loai hoac chi I Ioai rdi nhifiu thanh phan? Tri sd tdi thifiu de xac dinh
cd rdi nhieu la tir 14 trd lfin Kfit qua khao sal cua chiing tdi cho thay tri sd rdi nhieu chung cua sd HS mac phai tir 14 dfin 21 (xem bang 1)
Bang 1 Phdn phoi so roi nhieu thdnh phdn mdc phdi theo timg tri so roi nhieu
So roi nhieu
thanh phan
1
2
3
4
Cpng:
Cac tri so roi nhieu
14
10
63
20
0
93
15
5
33
20
0
58
16
3
12
25
1
41
17
1
4
11
3
19
18
0
3
6
0
9
19
0
0
2
3
5
20
0
0
2
0
2
21
0
0
1
0
1
Cong
19
115
87
7
228
Trang 7TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
Trong tdng s6 228 HS bi roi nhieu
CO 19 HS rdi nhilu 1 loai (r6i nhieu thanh
phSn), 115 HS bi rdi nhilu 2 loai, 87 HS
bi rdi nhilu 3 loai va 7 HS bi r6i nhilu ca
4 loai D6ng thoi s6 HS co tti so r6i nhieu
t6i thilu (14) nhilu nh4t 93/228 truong
hpp, sau do la nhting truong hpp co tri so
rdi nhilu lin lupt: 15 (58/228); 16
(41/228); 17 (19/228); 18 (9/228); 20
(2/228); 21 (01/228) truimg hpp
Dilm dang luu y la so HS bi roi
nhilu chung mac phai 2, 3 roi nhieu
thanh phin chilm tcri 202/228 truong
hpp, trong khi do bieu do 2 cho thay so
HS roi nhilu hanh vi va r6i nhieu quan he
ban be chiem ti le cao nhat, do do co the
trong 202 ttuong hpp triin phdn lcm hi roi nhilu hanh vi va roi nhieu quan he ban
be
Tom lai HS trung hpc Lam Dong mic phai r6i nhieu tam tri tuong duong voi ti le m&c roi nhieu ciia tre vi thanh nien a cac nghien ciai khac trong nuoc 0 cac loai roi nhieu thanh phiin HS deu mic phai vcri nhung ti le khac nhau Phan lcm s6 HS mic phai roi nhieu chung bi roi nhilu ttr 2 din 3 roi nhilu thanh phan
3.2.3 Rdi nhieu lain tri ciia HS trung hoc Ldm Ddng theo gi&i linh
Bang 2 duai da>- phiin tich so HS mic ttmg loai roi nhieu thiinh phan chia theo gioi tinh:
Bang 2 So sdnh sd HS rdi nhiiu thdnh phdn theo gidi linh
Roi nhieu
thanh phan
Roi nhieu cam xiic
Roi nhieu hanh \ i
ADHD
Roi nhieu quan he ban be
Roi nhieu giao tiep xa hpi
N
Roi nhieu chung
Nam Tan
so
130
209
76
236
137
386
121
%
33,7 54,1 19,7 61,1 35,5
31,3
Nil- C h u n g
Tan
i
so
198
174
55
247
118
423
107
%
46,8
Tan
so
328 41,1 1 383 13.0 58.4 27,9
25,3
131
383
255
809
228
%
40.5 47.3
16.2
59.7 31.5
28.2
Do lech tan suat 13.1 13.0 6.7 2.7 7.6
6.0
Miic do rdi nhifiu giira HS nam va
HS ntr cua mau khao sat la khac nhau
HS nir rdi nhieu cam xiic nhifiu hon HS
nam (nu: 46,8% >nam: 33.7%) Ti Ifi mSc
phai cac Ioai hanh vi rdi nhifiu cdn Iai cua
HS nam dfiu eao han HS nii HS nam
mac phai rdi nhieu ehung nhifiu ban HS
nir (nam: 31,3%>nir: 25,3%; p=6,0) Dp
lech tan suat mac rdi nhifiu thanh phkn
giiia HS nam va nii dao ddng trong
khoang 2,7<p< 13.1
Ket qua kifim dinh diem trung binh rdi nhifiu ciia toan mau khao sal vdi gioi tinh cho biel muc y nghTa Sig.=0.035<
ff =0.05 Sir khac nhau \fi ti lfi rdi nhieu gitra HS nam \ a ntr la cd >' nghia thdng ke Tir dd riit ra nhan xet: Rdi nhieu tam tri cd lien quan dfin gidi tinh HS nam mac phai rdi nhifiu chung nhifiu hen
Trang 8HS nir HS nii roi nhieu cam xiic nhifiu
hon HS nam
Kfit qua nghifin cim nay cung phii
hgp vdi nghifin ciiu ctia Dang Hoang
Minh, Hoang Ckm Tii [4] trfin HS THCS
Ha Ndi, ket qua nghifin ciiu nay cho thay
ti Ie rdi nhifiu cua HS nam cao hon HS
nii Rifing ti lfi HS cd van dfi hudng ndi
(29,7%) cao hon hudng ngoai (23,6%) va
HS nii rdi loan hudng npi cao hon HS
nam Trong nghien ciiu eiia chung tdi, sd
HS ed rdi nhifiu hudng npi (rdi nhifiu cam Xlic - 40,5%) cao hon sd HS cd rdt nhifiu hudng ngoai (rdi loan hanh vi, tang dgng giam chu y - ti Ie trung binh 31,7%), HS nii rdi nhifiu nhifiu hon HS nam
3.2.4 Roi nhieu tdm tri ciia HS trung hoc Ldm Dong theo bdc hoc
Bang 3 dudi day phan tich sd Hfiu
HS bi rdi nhifiu tam tri theo bac hoc
Bdng 3 HS cd roi nhieu tdm tri theo ldp (do tuoi)
Tong so HS roi nhieu tam tri
TSn suat
N
Tong so HS CO nguy ca cao roi nhieu
Tan suat
Lop 8
44
25,6
172
21
12,2
LopQ
51
31,5
162
31
19,1
LffplO
41 30,1
136
25 18,4
Lop 11
45 29J
154
30 19,5
Lop 12
47 25,4
185
33 17,8
T6ng s6 HS
CO roi nhieu
228
28,2
809
140
17,3
Ldp hpe dugc thifit lap theo tudi,
ldp 8-9 (13-14 tudi) thudc bac THCS, ldp
10, II, 12 (15-16-17 tudi) thugc bac
THPT Ci bang 3, ti lfi trung binh mac
phai rdi nhieu ciia HS ldp 8-9 bac THCS
cao ban HS THPT (33,05% > 28,56%,
p^0,449, nhung ti le trung binh cd nguy
CO cao rdi nhifiu ciia HS THCS thdp han
HS THPT (I5,6%<18,5%, p=0,29) Kfit
qua kifim dinh Sig-0,035<a = 0,05=>
cac bifin dugc kiem dinh cd y nghia
Tir dd cd the nil ra nhan xfit: Rdi
nhieu lam tri d moi bac hgc la khac nhau
HS THCS trong miu khao sat m4c phai
rdi nhifiu nhifiu hon HS THPT Li do la
HS THCS d tudi day thi, thdi ki phat
trifin nhanh, manh, khdng can bang vfi sinh Ii Ilia mdi nfin dan dfin sy mat can bang lam thdi cac chirc nang tam Ii, cdn
HS THPT la thdi ki phat trien dn dinh ve sinh li va lam Ii
3.2.5 Roi nhieu tdm tri ciia HS trung hoc Ldm Dong theo hoan cdnh song de hoc tap
Viec HS dang dugc ai true tifip chiu trach nhifim nudi duong se phan anh hoan canh sdng, sy quan tam cham sdc eiia bd
me den cac em (ggi la hoan canh sdng dfi hgc tap) Yfiu td nay cd anh hudng tryc tifip dfin ddi sdng va sire khde tlnh than cua HS trung hgc linh Lam Ddng (xem bang 4)
Trang 9TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
Bang 4 Tmh hinh rdi nhiiu tdm tri cita HS trung hoc linh Ldm Ddng
theo hodn cdnh sdng de hoc tdp
Ngiroi tnrc tiep nuoi dirong
Ca bo va me true tiep nuoi
Bo de nuoi
Me de nuoi
Nguoi than
To chirc xa hpi, tir thien
Cpng:
Tong so
HS
682
33
71
20
3
809
S6 HS roi
nhieu
188
8
24
8
0
228
% roi nhieu theo hoan canh
27,6 24.2 33,8 40,0
0 28,2 Nhiing HS duac ca bo va me true
tilp nuoi duong thi ti le roi nhilu la
27,6% (gin vol ti le r6i nhieu chung ciia
mau khao sat) Tuy nhien, nhiing HS co
b6 m? li hon, H than hoac m6 coi b6, me
hoac ca hai khong duac bo, me true tilp
nuoi la yeu to co tac ddng din r6i nhilu
tam tti HS 6 hoan canh khong thuan lai
nhu tren mic phai r6i nhilu nhilu hem
HS song ttong dieu kien duac b6 me true
tilp nupi Cu thl: Ti le HS rSi nhilu trpng
dieu kien khong dupc ca b6 va me true
tiep nuoi duong ma dp co di, chu bac,
ong ba (gpi chung la nguoi than) nupi
duong la 40%; HS trpng hoan canh thilu,
vang bo dupc me de true tiep nuoi co ti le
r6i nhilu 33,8% Diem dang ltm y o bang
4 la nhimg truang hop HS thilu ving me,
do b6 de true tilp nuoi day thi ti le rSi
nhieu la thip nhit 24,2% (?) Kilm dinh
Sig = 0,021<a=0,05=> cac biln duac
kiem dinh co y nghTa vl mat thdng ke
Nhu vay HS khong dupc ca b6 va
me true tiep nuoi duong va cham soc la
mpt ttong nhimg tac nhan gay r6i nhilu
tam tti HS Tuy nhien ylu t6 tu thto (thl
li, tam li, benh li) cua HS la tac nhto
quylt dinh r6i nhilu, nen nhiing HS true
tiep duac bo, me nuoi duang cham soc
vto CO ti le roi nhieu gto voi ti le rli nhieu chung ciia ca mto khao sat Trong khi do HS chi co bo de nuoi dutmg hoac
do cac to chuc xa hoi tir thien nupi duong lai CO ti le roi nhieu thap han hoac khong roi nhieu
4 Su- tiSn he ciia roi nhi^u tam tri den cac hanh vi vi pham ndi quy, bao lu-c trong truo'ng hpc cua HS trung hoc tinh Lam Dong
Phuang phap thu thap thong tin la cho HS xac nhto cac hanh vi vi pham npi quy truang hpc ciia minh ttong nam hpc qua thong qua mpt btog hoi Nhihig hanh
vi dupc xac nhto bao gdm;
Cac hanh vi vi pham ndi quy trudng hpc (11 hanh vi) do HS trong miu khao sat xac nhto
Cac bieu hien htoh vi bao luc ciia
HS trong nha trudng (9 htoh vi ) do HS ttong mto khto sat xac nhan Cd 3 mile xac nhto:
Miic 1: Khdng bao gia cd: Chii thl nhto thay khdng bao gid vi pham ndi quy tnrdng hpc hay bap luc;
Miic 2: Thinh thotog cd: Chu thl nhto thay thinh thotog minh cd vi pham ndi quy trudng hpc hay cd hanh vi bao luc
Trang 10Miic 3: Thudng xuyen cd: Chii thfi
nhan thay hanh vi dd minh thudng xuyen
vi pham ndi quy irudng hpc hay bao lyc
4.L Su lien he cua roi nhieu tdm tri
v&i viee xdc nhgn nhitng hdnh vi vi
phgm ngi quy trtr&ng hgc cua nhirng
HS cd rdi nhieu tdm tri
Hanh vi vi pham ndi quy hirdng hpc cd nhifiu nguyfin nhan trong dd cd nguyfin nhan la HS bi rdi nhieu tam tri
Vi vay can xem xet nhung HS bi rdi nhifiu tam Iri xac nhan cd hanh vi vi pham ndi quy trudng hpc nhu the nao?
Bieu do 3 Su lien he ADHD vd roi nhieu chung
vdi cdc hdnh vi vi phgm ngi quy truang hgc
iili.iiKlieiiliiiiilivi iihmtilieiiliniihvi nli.uidieiilinnli vi
I'c-inliieiihoc t.ip toiiiliieii hoc trip loiiiliieiihoc tnp
ai.iiniiu cua.-ti HS ^DHD cua-JO HS loiuliieu
Cllllll!^
Bifiu do 3 cho ih^y cd 60,3% HS xac
nhan thinh thoang vi pham, 12,8% xac
nhan thudng xuyfin vi pham Ti le xac nhan
cd vi pham (ca 2 miic) ciia tat ca HS tham
gia khao sat la 73,1%
Phan tich trong sd 73,1% HS vi
pham ndi quy hgc tap thi cd 47,1%
(20,6%+26,5%-47,l%) la cua sd HS bi rdi
nhieu chung
Phan tich h-ong sd 73,1% HS vi
pham ngi quy hpc tap thi cd 23,7%
(10,2%+13,5%=23,7%) la cvia sd HS bi
ADHD
Difiu do cd nghTa la trong sd HS vi
phgm ngi quy trudng hgc thi cd 23,7% la
cua HS hi ADHD va 47,1% la cua nhtmg
HS bi rdi nhifiu chung Kifim dinh
Sig.=0,02I<a=o,05 Lien he cd y nghia
thdng ke
Tir dd nil ra nhan xet: HS bi ADHD
la chu thfi cua it nhat 23,7% cac trudng' hgp vi pham ndi quy trudng hgc HS bi rdi nhieu tam tri chung la chii the cua it nhat 47,1% cac trudng hgp vi pham ndi quy trudng hpc
Nhu vay, rdi nhifiu tam tri d HS la mdt trong cac nguyen nhan dan dfin hanh
vi vi pham ngi quy trudng hpc Nhiing hanh vi dd ggi la hanh vi rdi nhieu hgc tap
4.2 Sir lien he cua roi nhieu tam tri v&i viec xdc nh&n nhitng hdnh vi mang tinh bgo luc hgc dir&ng cua nhitng HS
CO roi nhiiu tam tri
Mdt bang hdi dugc thiet l^p dfi HS xac nhan 9 hanh vl bao Iyc hge dudng ma chinh minh da ttmg thyc hien trong nam hgc Kfit qua khao sat the hien d bifiu dd
4 dudi day: