I AH CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM ISguyen Thanh ISggc Bdo V Ttr HirdNG DAN C H A M D I E M BAI VAN N G H I LUAN KI T H I T O T N G H I E P TRUNG H O C P H O T H O N G N A M 2014, GOfI Y MOT SO TIEU CHI LAM[.]
Trang 1V Ttr HirdNG DAN C H A M D I E M B A I V A N N G H I L U A N
KI T H I T O T N G H I E P T R U N G H O C P H O T H O N G N A M 2014, GOfI Y MOT SO TIEU CHI LAM CO Sd DANH GIA NANG LlTC
LAM VAN NGHI LUAN CUA HQC SINH
N G U Y E N T H A N H NGQC B A O ' TOM TAT
Doi mai cdn bdn, todn diin gido due phd thong Id nhiem vu cdp thiit hiin nay cua gido due Viit Nam, trong do doi moi kiim tra ddnh gid Id mot khdu trong yiu Muc tieu chinh cua viec doi mdi la chuyen tit ddnh gid kiin thuc, ki ndng sang ddnh gid nang luc cua hoc sinh (HS) Tic huong ddn chdm diem bdi vdn nghi ludn ki thi tot nghiip trung hoc phd thdng (THPT) ndm 20 J 4 bdi viit gai y mot so tiiu chi ldm ca sa de ddnh gid ndng luc ldm vdn nghi luan ciia HS
Tir khda: danh gia theo nang luc, lam van nghi luan, ki nang viet, tieu chi
ABSTRACT
Proposing some criteria for assessing students' psersuasive essay writing competence based on the writing marking guideline for high school graduation examination in 2014
Fundamental and comprehensive renovation of primary and secondary education is urgent task of Vietnamese education-nowadays, and assessment renovation is an important stage The main goal of the renovation is to shift from assessing knowledge andskills lo assessing students 'competence Based on the writing marking guideline for high school graduation examination in 2014, the article proposes some criteria for assessing students' persuasive essay writing competence
Keywords: competence-based assessment, persuasive essay writing, writing skill,
criterion
1 Dat vkn d l Iwong dao tao ciang nhu chat lugng cua
D6i mai can ban, toan dien giao nguon nhan luc tucmg lai cho dat nuac due ph6 thong la nhiem vy cip thilt hien Tu do dat ra v4n dl biic thiet khong chi nay D6i moi kiim tra danh gia la mot doi voi bg mon Ngii van la c&i d6i mai
khau trong yiu cua qua trinh d6i moi day hoc nhu the nao dk phat triin nang
giao due ph6 thong noi chung; trong do luc cua nguai hoc Lam thi nao de do dinh huong danh gia nang luc cua HS la luang, danh gia muc do nang luc ma
mpt yeu cku then ch6t Muc tieu chinh nguai hoc dat duac?
Clia viec d6i mai la tap trung phat triin Trong ki thi T6t nghiep THPT nam
nang lire ciia nguai hoc di nang cao chdt 2014, \kn diu tien Bg Giao due va Dao
'ThS, TrLP&ng Dgi hpc Su- phgm TPHCM; Email: chinlinhan13282@yahoo.com
Trang 2lao (GD&DT) d6i mai c^u tnic di thi (b6
sung cau hoi dgc - hieu) va doi mai mgt
s6 npi dimg trong phan huong dan cham
diim nhu la buoc di dau tien dl doi mai
each thuc kiim tra, danh gia mon Ngu
van theo dinh huong phat triin nang luc
Tuy nhien, d6i voi phln Lam van {nghj
luan xa hgi va nghi luan van hgc), theo
danh gia ciia chiing toi, phan Huong dan
cham diem tuy co de cap den van de kT
nang lam van nghi luan nhung each
huong dan cham nay van chua that su
danh gia dupc nSng lire lam van nghi
luan Ciia HS Neu c3n cu vao yeu cau doi
mai ve kiem tra danh gia theo dinh
huong phat trien nang luc sau nam 2015
Clia Bp GD&DT thi Huong dan cham
diem nay can phai dugc thay doi cho phii
hgp vai yeu cSu moi
Vi nhung li do tren, tir viec xem xet
va danh gia hudng dan cham hien hanh
cua Bg GD&DT ciing vai viec tham khao
y kien ciia cac chuyen gia ve danh gia do
luong va hgc tap mo hinh Huong din cho
diem bai van nghi luan ciia NAPLAN,
chung toi xin ggi y mgt s6 ti§u chi nhim
xay dung Huong dan chim diim theo
tieu chi phan tich (Rubric phan tich) d6i
voi bai van nghi luan ma theo chiing toi
la CO the danh gia duoc nang luc lam van
nghi luan ciia HS
2 Hirong dan chim dilm phan Lam
van nghi luan trong ki thi tfit nghiep
THPT nam 2014
2.1 Hu&ng ddn chdm diim
Ve mat bo cue H u ^ g din chim
thi mon NgG van trong ki thi tot nghiep THPT nam 2014 gfim co 2 phan: Huong dan chimg va Huang dan cham cu thS Trong phan "Huang dan chung" nam nay, Bp dac biet lim y giam khao t r ^ tinh trang "dem y tinh diem" Chiing toi cho rang yeu cau nay da khai tu khuynh huang cham diem chi chii trgng vao mat npi dung ton tai lau nay
Ve mat noi dung, phan "Huong dan cham cu the" dugc chia lam hai phan (Dpc hieu va Lam van) Trong pham vi cua van de tim hieu, chiing toi xin di sau vao Huang dan cham diem phan Lam van nghi luan
Trong phan Lam van, Huong d§n cham chia lam 3 phan: Yeu cau ve kT nang, Yeu cau ve kien thuc va Cach cho diem
•I* Yeu cau ve ki nang dupc trinh bay nhu sau:
Thl sinh biet each lam bai van nghi luan van hpc, tu do trinh bay suy nghT ve mot van de cua dm song xa hoi; Van dung tot cac thao tac lap luan;
Khong mic 16i chinh ta, diing tir, ngfl- phap;
Khuyen khich nhimg bm viet sang tao
*> Yeu cau ve mat kiln thirc (chung toi xin khong de cap)
• Cach cho diem dupc trinh bay duoi hinh thiic thang chim diim gim 5 mirc diem va moi muc diim dupc mo ta
kl luong cac yeu ciu cin dat vi mat noi dung va dien dat nhu sau:
Trang 3Diim 6-7
Diem 4-5
Diim 2-3
Diem 1
DiSmO
Phan tich khat vpng cua nhan vat H6n Truong Ba mot each thuyet phuc,
bay to diTffc suy nghi sau sic ciia ban than ve vdn de con ngudi cdn duoc song Id chinh minh Bo cue ro rang, lap Iuan chat che, dien dat lun loat, co cam Xlic va sang tao; co the co vai sai sot ve chinh ta, diing tis
Cff ban phan tich duoc khat vgng cua nhan vat Hon Truong Ba, neu du-ffc
suy nghT ciia ban than ve vdn di con ngiedi cdn duac song Id chinh minh Bo
cue ro rang, lap luan tirong dfii chat che; con mic mot so loi ve chinh ta, dung tir, ngir phap
Chu^ iam ro diroc khat vgng ciia nhan vat Hon Truang Ba; phan bay to suy
nghT Clia ban than ve van de con ngudi duac sdng Id chinh minhcbnsoe sai;
mac nhieu loi ve chinh ta, diing tur, ngir phap
Chua hieu de; sai lac kien thuc; mac rat nhieu loi dien dat
Khong lam bai hoac ho&n toan lac de
Ghi chu: Chiing toi in ddm nhirng tir ngir md td mdc do khdc nhau cua tirng thang diem de tiin theo doi
2.2 Nhdn xet Hu&ng ddn cham phdn
Ldm vdn
*> Nhgin xet phan "Yeu cau ve kT
nang"
Yeu cau dau tien ve kT nang theo
"Huong dan cham thi" la Thi sinh biit
cdch ldm bdi nghi lugn vdn hoc nhung
khong neu ro the nao la "biet each" Thiet
nghT, neu muon danh gia nang luc lam
van nghj luan ciia HS thi cin xac djnh
cac tieu chi lam can cir va cac miic do dat
dupc tieu chi
Yeu ciu thii hai la Van dung tot cdc
thao tdc lap ludn Yeu cau nay nham
danh gia nang luc lap luan ciia thi sinh,
mpt yeu cau co ban ciia van nghi luan
Tuy nhien, mirc do "van dung tot" la thi
nao thi chua dupc neu ro Neu muon
danh gia nang lire lap luan ciia HS thi
chiing ta nen mo ta ro cac miic dp van
dung cac thao tac lap luan, trinh bay li le
cac can Cli xac thuc di thuyit phuc nguoi
dgc
- Yeu cau thii ba la yeu cau ve mat dien dat nhu khong mac loi chinh ta, dung tir, ngu: phap Day cung la yeu cau quan trgng de danh gia nang luc su dung ngon ngtr trong bai van nghi luan ciia HS Phin ••Cach cho diem" da mo ta kha chi tiet miic dp ciia yeu cau nay
Khuyen khich nhimg bdi viit sdng tao la ngi dung cuoi cimg trong phan yeu
ciu vi mat kT nang Chiing ta nhan thay
"tinh sang tao" theo Huong din cham khong phai la mgt yeu ciu bit bugc, chi mang tinh khuyin khich thi nen chi dugc
di cap mgt each chung chung Tuy nhien theo yeu ciu doi mai can ban, toan dien giao due pho thong sau 2015 thi nang luc
sang tao la nang lire thugc nhom ''Ndng luc ldm chu vd phdt trien bdn thdn " (Du
thao Chuang trinh tong the giao due pho thong sau 2015) nen can dupc quy thanh mpt tieu chi danh gia cu the khi cham diem bai van nghi luan
Trang 4• Nhan xet phin "Cach cho diem"
Theo suy nghT ciia chiing toi, "Cach
cho diim" trong Huong dan cham thi
nam 2014 vl ban chat chinh la mot
Philu hirong dan danh gia theo tieu chi
ting thl (holistic rubric) hay thang diem
ting thi dupc dimg de danh gia nang
lire thirc hienmot each tong the (chiing
toi nhin manh) Timg miic diem tren
thang tong the deu bieu tnmg mot diem
nhin t6ng thi; mgt diem tdng hgp gin
voi nang luc thuc hien cua HS Nhin vao
hinh thuc cham diem nay chiing ta dl
dang nhan thay nhimg gi HS da lam tot
Day la mgt phuang phap danh gia tuong
dii nhanh nhung van dam bao chat lugng
va tinh khach quan
"Cach cho diem" dua tren hai yeu
cau cu the la npi dung va each dien dat
Ve mat ngi dung, huong dan cho diem
chi de cap ngan gpn cac miic do yeu cau
phan tich khat vgng cua nhan vat va bay
to suy nghT ciia minh ve van de "con
nguai can dupc song la chinh minh" vi
da trinh bay kha cu the o phan "Yeu ciu
ve kien thiic" Ve mat dien dat, -huong
dan cham da de cap cac yeu cau sau: bo
cyc, lap luan, dien dat, yeu ciu vl nang
luc su dung ngon ngu (chinh ti, dimg tir,
ngtr phap) Thilt nghT vcri yeu ciu danh
gia kT nang, kiln thiic va thai do ciia HS
thong qua bai van nghi luan, huong din
cham nay da dap iing dugc yeu cau de ra
Tuy nhien, chiing ta can thay dii hinh
thlic phieu cham va bo sung mgt s6 tieu
chi neu muon danh gia dupc nang lire
lam van nghi luan cua HS
Tom lai, Huong dan chim diim
phan Lam van Ki thi tit nghiep THPT
nam 2014 dugc thiet ke de danh gia ki^n thlic, kT nang lam van nghi luan ciia HS Hinh thlic cham diem nay la phii hpp n^u chiing ta muon danh gia kien thiic ki nang, thai dp ciia HS mot each rieng re thong qua bai van nghj luan The nhimg neu muon danh gia nang lire ciia HS voi
tu each m khd ndng ldm chii nhOng he thong kien thirc kT ndng thai do phii hap v&i lu'a tuoi vd van hdnh kit noi chiing ^pt cdch hop li vdo thuc hiin thdnh cong nhiem vu hoc tap gidi quyet hieu qud nhirng vdn de ddt ra cho chinh cdc em ti'ong cuoc song [2, tr.55] thi
chiing ta can thay doi hinh thirc danh gia
de dap ling yeu cau
3 Goi y mot so tieu chi lam co' so xay du-ng Phieu huong dan diinh gia theo tieu chi phan tich (analytical
rubric)
3.1 Ca s& de xudt 3.1.1 Ddnh gid theo ndng luc khdc gi voi ddnh gid theo kien thuc, kT ndng?
Nhu chiing ta da biet, pham trii nang luc thudng dupc hieu theo nhieu each khac nhau va moi each hieu c6 nhung thuat ngu tuong irng Tir viec tim hieu khai niem '•nang lire" chung ta can lam ro khai niem ••nang lire" va "kT nang"
CO sir phan biet nao khong Hieu theo
nghta rpng kT nang bao hdm nhung kien thirc/nhimg hieu biit giup cd nhdn thich dng v&i hodn cdnh dieu kien thay ddi cdch hieu kT ndng giong nine la ndng luc [2 tr.54] Neu hieu theo nghla hep thi ki ndng Id nhihig thao tdc, nhuvg cdch thirc thuc hdnh van dung iri thirc/kinh nghiem ihuc hien mot hogt dong ndo do trong moi trudng quen
Trang 5thuoc [2, tr.54]
KT xao la nhitng hdnh dong da tra
nin tu dong hoa nho luyin tap [2,
tr.54]
Tir khai niem kJ nang va kT xao,
chiing ta nhan thay kiin thiic, kT nang va kT
xao la nhung thanh to can thiit dl hinh
thanh nang lire trong mgt hoat dpng hay
IThh vuc nao do No la nhGng yeu to can
(nhung chua du) di hmh thanh nang lire
Tiep thu nhimg hat nhan hgp li tir nhiiu
each hieu vi nang luc, Nguyin Cong
Khanh [2, tr.53] dinh nghia nang luc nhu
sau:
Ndng lyre la khd ndng ldm chu
nhitng h$ thong kiin thuc, ki ndng, thdi
do vd van hdnh (ket noi) chung mgt cdch
hap li vdo thuc hiin thdnh cong nhiim vu hoac gidi quyit hiiu qud vdn di ddt ra cua cuoc song Tir dinh nghia lam ca so
nay chiing ta nhan thay viec danh gia nang lyc lam van nghi luan cua HS bao ham ca viec danh gia kien thirc, kl nang lap luan, thai do, niem tin, gia tri, trach nhiem xa h9i, kha nang giao tiep, kha nang giai quyet van de, kha nang sang t^o , cua HS
Bang duoi day tong hgp mgt so dau hieu CO ban giira danh gia nang luc nguoi hpc va danh gia kien thiic, kT nang cua ngucri hpc (chiing toi co lupc bo mgt so tieu chi so sanh va nhiing npi dung khong cin thiet doi vol de tai dang tim hieu) [2, tr.59]
S' 1
TiSu chi so sanh ^:
1 Muc dich chii
yeu nhat
2 Ngu canh danh
gia
3 Npi dung danh
gia
4 Cong cy danh gia
- Danh gia kha nSng HS van dxmg
kien thuc, kT nang da hpc duoc vao
giai quyet van de thuc tien cua cugc
song
Gan voi ngu canh hpc tap va thuc
tiln cupc song ciia HS
- Nhihig kien thiic, kT nang, thai dp 6
nhieu mon hgc, nhieu hoat dgng giao
due va nhung trai nghiem cua ban
than HS trong cupc song xa hgi (tap
trung vao nang lire thuc hien)
- Quy chuan theo cac miic do phat
trien nang lire cua nguoi hgc
Nhiem vu, bai tap trong tinh huong,
boi canh thuc
Danh gia kien thirc,
- Xac dinh vi6c dat kien thuc, kT nang theo muc tieu ciia chuang trinh giao due Gin voi ngi dung hpc tap (nhiing kien thuc, kT nang, thai do) dugc hpc trong nha trucmg
- NhiJng kien thiic, kT nang, thai dp o mgt mon hpc cu
thi
- Quy chuan theo viec nguoi
do CO dat hay khong mpt ngi dung da dupc hpc Cau hoi, bai tap, nhiem vu trong tinh huong han lam hoac tinh huong thue
Trang 6Nhan xet: N h u vay chiing ta thay tir
sir khac biet v i muc tieu danh gia da dan
d i n su khac biet co ban ve npi dung va
cong cu danh gia Can dac biet luu y voi
danh gia nang luc thi quy chuan danh gia
la theo miic dp phat trien nang luc, con
voi danh gia kiin thiic, kT nang thi quy
chuin la viec nguoi do co dat hay khong
mpt npi dung da dugc hpc Tir do, n l u
muon danh gia nang luc lam van nghi
luan Clia HS thi chung ta nhit thiit phai
xay dung lai mgt hinh thiic danh gia
(huang d i n cho diem) phii hpp voi muc
tieu cua minh
3.1.2 Ddnh gid ndng luc viet la ddnh gid
nhitng gi?
Theo Bill Manh Hiing [3, tr.38] thi
hinh thirc vd npi dung ddnh gid kit qud
hQC tap cua HS phdi tuang thi'eh v&i
quan diim xdy dung chuffng trinh theo
dinh hu&ng phdt trien ndng luc vd dgy
hoc tich hap, tap trung chu yiu vdo ddnh
gid ndng luc dgc, viet, noi, nghe vd ndng
luc tu duy cua HS, phu hop v&i hi thong
chudn cdn dgt dat ra trong cdc bdi hgc a
timg l&p [ ] Muon vdy, viic xdy dung
cdc cdu hdi ddnh gid phdi dua vdo hi
thong chudn cdn dgt doi v&i cdc kT nang
doc, viit, ndi nghe Viic xdy dirng ddp
dn clio cdc cdu hdi ddnh gid phdi dua
tren cdc tiiu chi riing ddi v&i tirng hi
ndng (dgc, viit, ndi, nghe) vd titng kieu
bdi, tung kiiu vdn bdn (Chung toi nhin
manh)
Tac gia da de xuat bon tieu chi danh
gia kT nang vilt nhu sau [3, tr.38]:
1 Ve noi dung: khd ndng hiiu van
bdn chu di tu tu&ng quan diim vd y
dinh ciia tdc gid vdn bdn; khd ndng ndm
duoc ddc tnrng the loai vdn ban: linh sdng tgo dgc ddo ciia cdc y tir&ng dir^ trinh bdy; khd nang tap tnmg vdo di tai dang bdn
2 vi hinh ihirc ngdn ngu chudn muc vi chinh ta tir virng ngu- phdp, phong cdch vd ngu dung (phit hap voi ngir cdnh, nhdt la v&i doi tirong tiep nhqn
vd muc dich viit) Cdn chit y den kha ndng diing tir ngu va cdu true edit da dang ciia nguoi viet
3 vi kit cdu muc do phii hap VOT
cdc the logi van ban nhu vdn bdn mieu
td, vdn bdn tir su vdn ban bieu cdm, van bdn thuyet minh vdn bdn nghi lugn van hgc vd xd hoi: linh lien kel vd mgch lgc trong phgm vi mgt doan vdn vd giua cdc doan vdn trong mgt van bdn
4 vi kha ndng biiu dat vd lap luan:
miec do bieu clot ro rdng logic vd co hm qud cdc y tirdng khd ndng phdn tich, siiy dodn, lap ludn vd sir dung cdc li le bdng chirng (chl tiit, so lieu hay cdc vi du ve nguoi thdt viec that ) ho trg cho cdc qud trinh do
Nhan xet: Doi chieu vai cac lieu chi danh gia nang lire viet theo gai y ciia Biii Manh Hiing thi hinh thirc Huong d^ cham diem bai van nghi luan nam 2014 hien nay chii yeu thien ve danh gia noi dung kien thirc, co de cap den kT nang van dung cac thao tac lap luan theo dac tnmg the loai van ban nghi luan nhung chua chli trpng diing miic kha nang bieu dat va lap luan cung nhu kha nang ihuyet phuc nguai dpc ciia bai viet Do la nhirng
diim chiing ta c i n thay doi a hinh thitc
danh gia mai
3.1.3 Rubric Id gi?" Vi sao nen su dmg
140
J
Trang 7hinh thirc ddnh gid rubric?
Theo Nguyin Thi H6ng Van [4,
tr.l55] doi v&i bg cong cu la cdc cdu hoi
mo thi mgt trong nhiing cdch chdm diem
Id xdy dung rubric, do Id mgt tap hop cdc
tiiu chi vd minh chirng xdc dmh cdc
cdch trd l&i cua HS ciing v&i nhirng chi
so thuc hien doi v&i moi kit qud dgt
duac quy dinh & mot mirc chudn cu thi
Nhitng chi so ndy duoc trinh bdy ro rdng
di tdt cd mgi nguoi co the hiiu HS cdn
phdi ldm gl, ket qud ra sao vd minh
chung duoc kit qud hgc tap & mdi mpt
miec dp (tot, khd, trung binh hay khong
dgt) Viic chdm diim theo rubric cung
c&p nhirng thdng tin cu thi, xdc thuc
giup cho viec phdn tich, xir li kit qud
ddnh gid duac chinh xdc, khdch quan
(Chiing toi nhan manh)
Nhan xet: Mpt trong nhimg yeu
cau CO ban doi voi viec danh gia la phai
chinh xac, khoa hpc va khach quan
Rubric la hinh thiic huang dan cho diem
dap ling tot nhung yeu cau do Mat khac,
tir vice rubric co the minh chimg ket qua
hgc tap o moi miic dp khac nhau co the
han che dupc tinh trang chenh lech diem
kha lon giira hai giam khao Idii cham mgt
bai van nghi luan - tinh trang kha nhiic
nhoi trong cong tac cham thi ma den nay van chua co bien phap khac phuc hieu qua
3.1.4 Phiiu hu&ng ddn chdm diem bdi vdn nghi lugn cita NAPLAN
NALAN la Chuang trinh danh gia quoc gia mon Van va Toan hang nam ciia
Uc (triin khai tir nam 2008) danh cho HS cac lop 3, 5, 7 va 9 Toan the HS cac cap
se lam cac bai kiem tra ve Dpc, Viet, Quy ucrc ngon ngir (chinh ta, van pham va phep cham cau) va mon Toan Chucmg trinh NAPLAN khao sat nhirng kT nang thiet yeu ma moi HS can phai co de tien
bp trong truang va trong cupc song Rieng de thi Viet yeu cau HS phai viet bai van de tra loi de bai Cau hoi mau va
de bai thi Viet mau cting nhu Huong dan cham diem deu dupc thong bao cong khai truac khi ki thi bat dau Nhan thay muc tieu kiem tra va hinh thiic cham diem mon Viet cua NAPLAN co nhieu diem tuong dong voi Viet Nam nen chiing toi chpn tham khao mo hinh nay
Bai viit cua HS dupc NAPLAN danh gia bSng each sir dung Phieu huong dan cham diem theo tieu chi (rubric kieu phan tich) gom 10 tieu chi sau [5]:
1
2
3
4 '
Nguoi dgc
Cau triic van ban
Y tuong
Phuang thlic l$p
lu|ui
Kha nang tap trung, lien he va thuyet phuc ngucri dpc ciia ngucri viet
To chiic,cac thanh phan ciia bai van nghj luan (giai thieu, than bai, kit luan) thanh mot van ban co cau tnic thi'ch hpp va hieu qua
Lua chpn, sap xep va xay dung cac y tucmg thanh lap luan thuyet phuc
Sir dung hang loat cac phuang tien lap luan de phat trien y kien Clia nguoi viet va thuyet phuc nguoi dpc
Trang 85
6
7
8
9
10
Tir ngii
Su lien ket va
mach lac
Su phan doan
Cau tnic cau
Dau cau
Chinh ta
Pham vi va dp chinh xac ciia su lua chpn ngon ngir thich hpp theo ngu- canh
Lam chii dupc cac tieu chii de va cac moi lien he xuyen van ban bing each sir dung nhiing tir ngii lien ket, phep tinh lupc, lien kit van ban, tirhoac to hgp tir thay the
Phan chia van ban thanh cac doan hgp li giiip ngucri dgc theo doi dugc mach lap luan
Viet cau diing ngu phap, cau tnic chat che va co y nghTa Sir dung diu chim cau diing va phii hgp de ho trp viec dpc van ban
Dp chinh xac cua chinh ta va dp kho cua tir dugc sir diing Bang duoi day cho thay pham vi diem so ciia timg tieu chi
NguM
dpc
0-6
C i u "
tnic
van
ban
0-4
:-3^
Y
tucmg
0-5
Phucmg;
ti?n l§p lu3n 0-4
Tir ngii 0-5
• s v •' , liSn; • kir
Sv •
• phan
dogn 0-4 1 0-3
(TC:48 di8m) ciu tnici),
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Ik '
0-6
So sanh hinh thirc cham
NAPLAN va cua Viet Nam:
- Ve mat hinh thiic, NAPLAN cham
diem bai van nghi lugn bang hinh thuc
rubric phan tich con Hucmg din chim
diem cua Viet Nam duoc bo cue thanh 3
phan; Yeu cau ve icT nang, Yeu ciu vh
kien thiic va Cach cho diem (co 5 miic
diem dugc mo ta ro rang ve miic do can
dat ve ngi dung va dien dat)
Khi so sanh 10 tieu chi danh gia
nang luc lam van nghi luan cua HS thong
qua bai van nghi Iuan ciia NAPLAN voi
phan Yeu cdu ve ki n5ng va Cach cho
diem ciia Hucmg dan chim diSm bai van
nghi luan cua Viet Nam trong ki thi nam
2014 ta thiy co den 9 didm tuong dong
DiSm khac nhau duy nhit la tieu chl
"NguBi doc" o Huong din cho diSm ctia
Viet Nam khong co Tieu chi nay theo
chiing toi co vai tro rat quan trgng vi yeu
cau CO ban ciia van ban nghi luan la tinh thuyet phuc doi vai nguoi dgc Bo qua tieu chi nay se khong danh gia chinh xac dugc nang luc thuyet phuc nguoi dgc cua ngucri vi6t
3.2 Ggi y mot so tieu citi xay dung Rubric cliim diem tlieo tieu citl ti Unit gid nang luc Idm van nghi luan cia HS
Tir viec phan tich Huong dfa cho diem bai van nghi luan ki thi t6t nghiep THPT nam 2014, tham khao hinh thiic chim diam theo tieu chi phan tich cua NAPLAN ciing nhu cac y kiSn cua cac chuyen gia ve chuong trinh va kiSm tra danh gia, chiing toi xin trinh bay mgt s6 ggi y nhu sau:
3.2.1 Phieu Hu'ong din cho diim nen du-gc thilt ke iuin hinh thiic Phieu
hu'dng din danh gia theo tieu chl phan
tich (analytical rubric) Rubric phan tich nay la mot tap hap cdc tieu chi dime cu
Trang 9the hoa thdnh cdc chi bdo, chi so hay cdc
biiu Men hdnh vi cd thi quan sdt duoc,
do dim duoc, thi hiin muc do dgt duac
Clia muc tiiu hoc tap vd duac sir dung de
ddnh gid hogc thong bdo ve sdn phdm,
ndng luc thuc Men, hodc qud trinh thuc
hiin nhiim vu ciia nguoi hgc" [2, tr.21]
Tu do ta thay hinh thuc danh gia nay co
the dap iing dugc yeu cau danh gia nang
luc lam van nghi luan cua HS
Buoc dau tien de xay dung mgt
rubric danh gia la phai xac djnh dugc
muc tieu danh gia, tiic tra loi cau hoi
"GV muon danh gia nhung nang lijc
nao cua HS trong san pham cuoi
ciing?" Sau do tiep tuc dat cau hoi "GV
muon danh gia san pham cua HS o'
nhihig khia canh nao?" Rubric theo
tieu chi phan tich co the bao gom mpt
hoac nhieu khia canh nang lire thuc hien
dupc danh gia, cac dinh nghia/vi du lam
sang to nhung yeu to dang dugc danh gia
va mpt thang diem cho timg khia canh Cac khia canh thuang dugc gpi la tieu chi, thang danh gia dugc gpi la mirc dp
va dinh nghia dupc gpi la thong tin mo
ta
Muc tieu danh gia lam van nghi luan ki thi tot nghiep pho thong sau nam
2015 chinh la danh gia nang luc lam van nghi luan ciia HS Nang lire nay phai dupc xac dinh thong qua cac tieu chi Cac tieu chi can co thong tin mo ta va dugc xac dinh ro qua thang danh gia
3.2.2 Tic viec tham khao 10 tieu chi
trong Phieu huang dan cham diem bai van nghiluan ciia NAPLAN, chiing toi
xin ggi y 6 tieu chi danh gia de xay
dung Phieu huang dan cho diem bai van nghi luan theo huang danh gia nang luc phil hpp voi tinh hinh Viet Nam nhu sau:
dung
Tuy
vao
yeu
cau cu
the Clia
debai
Hinh thuc ^ngon
- Chinh ta
- Tir vimg
- Ngu phap
Phong each
ngon ngii phii hop
- Ngon ngu phu
hop vcri doi tuong
tiep nhan
Ket cau
- Diy dli
3 phin:
mcf bai
than bai
ket bai -Phan dpan hgp
ll
Kha nang lap lu^n
Kha nang phan tich, suy doan
- Kha nang lap iuan va su-dung if ie
- Kha nang dua
ra bing chiing thuyit phuc
mach lac trong van b i n : *
- Co sir dung cac phucmg tien va phuong thlic lien
kit
- Van ban mach lac vi CO lien ket npi dung va lien ket hinh thiic
Tinh sang tato
- Co y tuang sang tao
- Co su dung cac hinh thuc ngon ngii sang tao
Doi chieu voi cac tieu chi ciia
NAPLAN, chiing toi gdp 3 tieu chi: "Diu
cau, c i u triic cau, Chinh ta" thanh mpt
tieu chi chung nhu truyin thing danh gia
bai van nghi luan tir truoc din nay 6 Viet
Nam la '"Hinh thirc ngon ngii"
Cac tieu chi "Cau tnic van ban" va
"Sir phan doan" ciia NAPLAN dupc chiing toi gpp thanh mpt tieu chi chung la
"Ket cau" de danh gia nang luc ket cau
va to chlie npi dung bai van ciia HS Con tieu chi "Nguoi dpc" tham
Trang 10khao tir NAPLAN chung toi dua vao
nhu mpt npi dung thanh phan ciia tieu chi
"Hinh thlic ngon ngii", cu the la kha nang
su dung ngon ngii ciia HS sao cho phii
hgp voi dii tugng tiep nhan Bai vi co
quan tam din dii tugng tiip nhan thi HS
mai iua chgn ngon ngu va gipng dieu sao
cho phil hop voi thj hieu tham mT ciia doi
tupng ay
Cac tieu chi con lai nhu: "Npi dung,
Kha nang lap luan, Lien ket va mach lac
trong van ban", chiing toi chi ke thua tir
truyen thong danh gia bai van nghi luan
tic truoc den nay a nuoc ta
Rieng tieu chi "Sang tao", chiing toi
lira chpn nham danh gia nang lire sang
tao Clia HS the hien a nhihig bai van co y
tuong mcri me va hinh thirc ngon ngii phii
hgp, sang tao khi truyen tai quan diem
cua nguoi viet den ngucri dgc
Sau khi xac dinh dupc cac tieu chi
cu the, chung ta se tien hanh phan chia
timg buoc cac miic dp chat lugng cu the
Cac miic dp phan bac nay can phai mo ta
chinh xac miic chat lupng tuong iing tir
kem den tot Tuy nhien, viec phan chia va
mo ta nay vo ciing phiic tap va kho khan
nen trong pham vi hep ciia bai viit nay
chiing toi chua the trinh bay
Sau khi xay dung dugc rubric kiiu
phan tich can thiet ke cac bai chim miu
va hucmg dan cham cac trucmg hgp
thuang gap de giam khao tien tham khao
CJ Viet Nam hien nay truoc khi bat diu
cong viec cham thi, chung ta cung t i
chiic cham mau truoc hpi ding giao vien
va thao luan dap an nhim thing nhit
each cham diem Tuy nhien, chiing toi
nghT nen dinh kem theo huong din chim
thi nhiing bai cham miu dua tren cac trucmg hpp tieu bi-iu thi se hieu qua hon
4 Ket luan
4.1 Hinh thiic cham diem Lam \an ki
thi tot nghiep pho thong nam 2014 da dap ling dugc muc tieu danh gia kiin thiic va
kT nang lam van nghi luan cua HS Tuy nhien, neu muon danh gia duoc nang liic lam van nghi luan cua HS theo dinh huong doi moi kiem tra danh gia tir sau nam 2015 cua Bp GD&DT thi chiing ta khong the khong doi moi hinh thiic chim diem Bai viet da trinh bay hinh thiic cham diem van nghi luan hien nay o Viet Nam va nhan xet ca uu diem va nhuoc diem de dat ra van de can phai thay doi hinh thirc cham diem bai van nghj luan cua HS trong cac ki thi tot nghiep tir sau nam 2015 trodi
4.2 Tren co so tham khao y kiSn cac
chuyen gia ve kiem tra danh gia 6 Viet Nam hien nay ciing nhu hpc hoi tir mo hinh "Phieu huong dan cham diem bai van nghi luan" cua NAPLAN, chimg toi
da ggi y 6 tieu chi can thiit de xay dung mgt hinh thiic cham diim co the danh gia toan dien nang luc lam van nghi luan cua
HS la rubric kieu phan tich (Huong din chim diim theo tieu chi phan tich) B^i viet nay chi la nhiing ggi y buoc dau, chua phai la mgt cong trinh nghien ciiu trinh bay mgt Rubric chim bai van nghi luan hoan chinh nen chic chin khong tranh khoi tinh chit so lugc Chiing toi se tiep tuc nghien ciru de xay dung mgt Huong dan cham diem theo tieu chi phan tich hoan chinh de viec danh gia nang li;c lam van nghi luan ciia HS dupc chinh xac
va hieu qua hon