su* DUNG PHIEU HOC TAP KET HOP V6l DAY HOC NHOM KHI Tli N HANH CAC BAI ON TAP, SO K E T , TONG KET TRONG DAY HOC LICH StJ* Of TRU''''OfNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG TRAN THI HAI LE Truong Dgi hgc Supham Dgi hgc[.]
Trang 1KHI Tli:N HANH CAC BAI ON TAP, SO K E T , TONG KET TRONG DAY HOC LICH StJ* Of TRU'OfNG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG
TRAN THI HAI LE Truong Dgi hgc Supham - Dgi hgc Hue
Tom tat: Cac bai on tap, so kit, tong kit trong chuong trinh lich sir d trudng Trung hoc pho thong (THPT) cd vai tro dac biet quan trpng Day la loai bai nham ciing co, he thong hda nhimg kien thiic co ban cua mpt giai doan Ijch sir nhat dinh cho hoc sinh (HS) Tuy nhien, trong thuc tl, loai bai nay dudng nhu kh6ng dugc giao vien (GV) quan tam dly du, thudng day chieu le, qua
de xuat mot phuong phap day cac bai on tap, so ket, tong ket la sir dung phieu hoc tap (PHT) ket hgp vdi day hpc nhom de phat trien tu duy doc lap, sang tao, ky nang thuc hanh cho HS, cung nhu tao hirng thii cho cac era khi hoc lich su
Tir khoa: Phieu hoc tiip; Day hpc nhom; Bai on tap, so ket, tong ket; Day hpc lich su; Tnrdng Trung hpc pho thong; Chuang trinh Chuan,
1 MOT SO KHAI NIEM
1.1 Phieu hgc tap
1.1.1 Khdi niem
Cuon Tu dien Tieng Viet ciia Vien Ngdn ngir hpc, do tac gia Hoang Pha chu bien da dua ra
ba each hieu vl tir "phiau" nhu sau: "Phieu la td giay rdi cd ca nhat djnh, ghi chep nhiing ngi dung nhat dinh, nhlm de phan loai, sap xap theo mot he thdng nao do: phieu thu vien, phieu dieu tra xa hdi hpc , ghi phieu de tien dieu tra, nghien cuu; Phieu la td giay ghi nhan mot quyan loi nao dd cho ngudi sir dung: phieu ghi tiln ; Phieu la mpt td giay bilu hien y kien trong cugc bau cu hoac bieu quyet do timg ca nhan true tiap bd vao hdm phieu: phieu bau cu, kiem phieu, phieu thuan " [4, tr 176]
Tbeo Dang Thanh Hung: "PHT la mot trong nhimg phirong tien dgy hgc cu the, don gian
vd CO kha nang tuong thich rdi cao v&i tuyet dgi da so ngir&i hgc ihugc moi lua tuoi vd trong tinh I'wr hoc tap Do la van ban bang ^dy hoac dgng giay do giao vien tu lam, gom mot hoac mot so t&, co vai tro hgc lieu de bo sung cho sdch vd cho tdi lieu giao khoa quy dinh, CO chuc ndng ho tra hgc tap vd gidng dgy, ma tru&c het nhu mot nguon thong tin hgc idp"[Z\\x\2\
Tu nhirag nhan dinh tren, chung ta cd tha hieu PHT Id t& giay rai ghi chep nhimg nhiem vu hgc tap, nhung thong tin bo sung cho bdi hgc, kem theo nhirng goi y, huong ddn, yeu cdu HS tu luc hoan thanh hoac dir&i su hu&ng dan cua GV
Tap chi Khoa hpc va Giao dye, Tnitmg Dai hoc Su pham Hue
Trang 2Ndi dung cua PHT duoc thi hian bang nhieu dang ngdn ngii khac nhau: chu viet, con so hoac bilu tuong logic nhu: ham sd, bieu thuc, phuong trinh, bang va ma tran, so do, bilu mlu thdng ka, d6 hpa, tranh vg, anh va cac loai ky hieu, bieu hrgng khac
1.1.2 Phan loai
Can cu vao tiau chi phan loai khac nhau, co cac dang PHT khac nhau:
* Dua vao chirc ndng cua PHT: Philu cung cip didng tin va su kien; phieu la cdng cu hoat
ddng va giao tiep
* Dua vao muc dich su dung PHT: Philu dimg Uong kilm tra bai cu; philu dimg trong
giang bai mdi; philu dimg trong cung c6 bai; philu diing dl ra^bai ve nha; phieu dimg dl kilm tra, danh gia; phieu dimg dl HS tu hoc; philu hgc tap dl ren luyen ky nang thuc hanh cho HS
* Dua vao hinh thuc cua PHT: Philu dang cau hoi; phiau dang so dd; philu dang test
* Phdn loai theo muc do tu duy: Philu tai hien kiln thuc; philu s^p xep he thdng boa;
phieu la bai tap nhan thuc
* Can cu vao ngi dung- philu yau cau HS lam bai tap; phieu yeu cau HS giai quyet tinh
huong; phieu yau cau HS thuc hanh, ren luyen cac ky nang
* Cdn cu vao mire do ddy dii cua noi dung: phieu chua cd ndi dung; philu co ndi dung
chua day dii; phieu co npi dimg day du
1.2 Day hoc nhom
1.2.1 Khdi niem
"Dgy hgc nhom la mot hinh thirc hgc tap co suphdn chia hgc sinh theo timg nhom nho voi day du thanh phdn khdc nhau ve trinh do, ciing trao doi mot y tu&ng, mot nguon kien thuc dua tren co so hoat dgng tich cue cua timg cd nhdn Tung thanh vien ciia nhom khong chi co trach nhiem v&i viec hgc tap cua minh md con co trach nhiem quan tam den viec hgc tap cua cac ban khdc trong nhom." [2, tr 45]
1.2.2 Cac hinh thirc dgy hgc theo nhom
*Nh6m hai hoc sinh (Nliom fi rdm): Day la hmh thuc HS trao ddi vdi ban ng6i ke ben
de trao doi va thdng nhat tra Idi mpt cau hdi
* Nhom nho thong thu&ng (theo day ban hoac td): GV chia Idp bgc thanh cac nhdm nho
4 - 5 hoac 7 - 8 ngudi theo timg day ban, timg td
* Nhom kim tu thap: Bay la hinh thuc md rpng cua nhdm 2 HS, la each dl tdng hgp y kien cua ca Idp hpe ve tnpt via dl cua bai hgc DSu tian GV neu v5n dl cho HS lam viec
dpc lap, sau do 2 HS ngli cung se thao luan, trao dii y kiln vdi nhau Tilp theo cac cap 2
HS se tap hgp thanh nhdm 4 HS, rli dianh nhdm 8 HS, 16 HS Cudi cimg ca Idp sa co
Trang 3* Nhom dong tam (Nhom bi cd): GV chia lap thanh hai nhdm: nhdm thao luan, nhdm
quan sat va sau dd hoan ddi vi tri cho nhau Nhdm thao luan thudng la nhdm 6 -10 HS
cd nhiem vu thao luan va trinh bay van de dugc giao, cac thanh vien cdn lai trong lap ddng vai trd ngudi quan sat va phan bien
* Nhom chuyen gia (Nhom chuyen sau): GV chia lop thanh nhieu nhdm, mdi nhdm ggi
la nhdm gdc Nhdm gdc gdm cac HS cd trach nhiem cimg nhau tim hiau nhihig thdng tin day du, trong dd mdi HS tim hieu mot phan ciia cac thdng tin do Sau dd lap nhdm chuyen gia Nhdm chuyan gia tap hgp nhirag HS d trong nhiing nhdm gdc khac nhau cd ciing nhiam vu Nhu vay, mot HS se nhan nhiem vu tir nhdm gdc, cung lam viec va trao ddi ky d nhdm chuyan gia Sau dd, lai trd v l nhdm gdc da trmh bay ket qua ve cac thdng tin minh da thu thap dugc
* Nhom tra trgn: Tat ca HS trong lap phai dung day va di chuyen trong lop hge dl thu
thap thdng tin tir cac thanh vien khac
2 s i r DUNG PHT KET HOP V 6 l DAY HOC NHOM KHI TIEN HANH CAC BAI
ON TAP, s o KET, TONG KET TRONG DAY HOC LICH SU" 6 TRyciNG THPT
2.1 Cau true cac bai on tap, so ket, tdng ket trong chinmg triinh lich sir if tnrdng THPT
Chuong trinh lich sir d trudng THPT bao gdm 8 bai on tap, sa ket, tdng ket:
- Ldp 10 CO 3 bai: On tap lich su the gidi thdi nguyen thuy, co dai va trung dai; So kat lich sii Viet Nam tir ngudn gde den giira the ky XIX: Qua trinh dung nude va giir nude; Truyan thong yeu nude cua cua dan tpc Viet Nam thdi phong kien
- Ldp 11 cd 3 bai: On tap lich su the gidi can dai; On tap Ijch sir thi gidi hien dai (Phin tir nam 1917 den nam 1945); So kit Ijch su Viet Nam (1858 -1918)
- Ldp 12 CO 2 bai: Tdng kat lich su tha gidi hien dai tir nam 1945 den nam 2000; Tong kit lich sir Viet Nam tir nam 1919-2000
2.2 Quy trinh sir dung
Su dung PHT ket hgp vdi day hgc nhdm de day cac bai dn tap, so ket, tdng ket trong day hgc lich su d trudng THPT dugc tien hanh theo cac budc sau:
Bud'c 1: GV lam viec chung toan Idp
Neu van de, xac dinh muc tieu can dat dugc; GV phan chia nhdm, phat PHT, yau cau nhiem vu cu tha cbo timg nhdm va quy dinh thdi gian hoan thanh philu
Budc 2: Hoat dong nhom
Nhdm trudng phan cdng nhiem vu va dieu khian HD ciia nhdm; Timg ca nhan thuc hien nhiem vu dugc phan cdng; Cac thanh vien trong nhdm trao ddi y kien, thao luan trong
Trang 4Biroc 3: Thao luan, t6ng kit tnroc toan lop
^ v 1' 1 , ^ Mn can IcStauaGV dieu khiSn hoat dgng thao luan cua ca lap, nhan
x i r S ° l f " < ^ t a " S t i X a , cung, hoan chinh ^in ±itc u n bang hoac bl„g
phuang tien day hoc khac da chuan bi san
2.3 Bien phap sii- dung
2.3.1 Su dung PHT kit hop vii day hoe nhom di he thdng hoa kien thirc
Bai on tap,'sa kit, t6ng kit la loai bai dugc s* dung kbi hoan thanh viec nghien ^ mot giai doan mot Uiai ky, mot khoa trinh hay cac van de lich su ctia chuong mnh Nhi?m
vu cu thi ciia no nuoc hit la cung c6 kien thuc (ghi nha va hieu dja danh, t p nguoi, nien dai, eac qua ninh ciia mot su kien Ijch sir quan trong) Viv^y, ngi dung, can true va phucmg phap tiin hanh loai bai oay khac vai bai nghien cuu kien thuc mai O day, GV khong trinh bay kiin diiic moi ma hudmg din HS nhd lai nhiing dieu da hgc, uon nin nhirng hiiu hiit sai, bd sung, khai quat hoa, nit ra nhimg ket luan de nhan thuc sau sac, toan dien hon
Vidu: Khi On tap Uch sir thi gi&i Men dgi (Phdn tie nam 1917 din nam 1945) (SGK
Ljch'sir 11), dl giup HS he thong boa dugc nhung kian thirc co ban cua giai doan Ijch sii' nay, Gv'chia HS thanh'4 nhom va su dung cac mlu PHT de dat ra nhiem vu cu the cho timg nhdm Thdi gian hoan thanh PHT la 7 phiit
Nhdm 1: Thong ka nhimg su kien lich sir co ban vl nude Nga va cdng cupc xay dung chii nghla xa hpi d Lien Xd giai doan 1917 -1945
Nhdm 2: Thing ke nhung su kien lich su co ban v l cac nude tu ban chu nghia hong giai doan 1917-1945
Nhom 3: Thong ka nhiing su kien Hch su ca ban dien ra d cac nude cbau A giai doan 1917-1945
Nhom 4: Thing ke nhiing npi dung co ban eiia Chiln ftanh thi gidi thu hai (1939 -1945)
PHIEU HOC TAP
Nh6m 1: Thong ke nhirng su kien lich sir cof ban vl nude Nga yk cong cu§c xay d\rng chii
ighTa xg hpi q Lien Xd giai doan 1917- 1945
Thoi gian | Su kien Dien bien chinh Ket qua, y oghJa
NUOC NGA - LIEN XO Cach mang
dan chii tu
- Tong bai cong chinh tri d Pe-lo-ro-grat;
- Khdi nghla vii trang;
- Nga hoang bj lat do
- Lat dl che dp Nga hoang
- 2 chinh quyin song song ton tgi
- Cach m?ng dan chii tu san
Trang 5bifM dai 11945-2000)
H^:,i6n.OCKN - 'c -,en manh me PHIEU HOC TAP
Nhom 4: Thone ke nhuns noi dune ca ban ciia Chien tranh the gidi thir hai (1939
-1945) ^,^^^ ^^^^ ,^^.j
Thai gian | Su kiln | Dien bien chinh | Ket qua, -^ nghia
CHIEN TRANH THE Gldl THU' HAI
Trong qua trinh HS lam viec, GV quan sat, hudng din, theo ddi qua trinh hoan thanh
ngi dung PHT ciia cac nhdm Sau do, GV gpi hoac cho HS cu dai dien nhdm trinh bay
ket qua, HS khac nhan xet, bd sung Cuoi ciing, GV dua nien biau tdng hgp da chuan bi
san de HS ddi chieu va ghi chep kien thuc vao vd
Hoac khi Tong kit lich sit thi gi&i hien dgi (Phdn tu nam 1945 din nam 2000) (SGK
Lich su 12), GV cd the chia ldp thanh cac nhdm theo day ban hoac td va su dung mau
PHT da thilt k l sSn mot so do tu duy de cac em he thdng hda nhung npi dimg co ban
ciia Ijch su thi gidi hien dai (1945 - 2000) Thai gian hoan thanh PHT la 10 phut
PHIEU HOC T ^ Hoan thanh nhirng noi dung co* ban ciia lich su the gidi hien dai (1945 - 2000)
^
Bai dn tap, so kit, tdng kit thudng he tiidng hda kien thuc lich su ciia ca mot giai doan,
mot didi ky, mot khda trinh hay cac van de lich sii ciia chuang trinh Chinh vi vay, de tiet
kiem thdi gian, GV nen chia nhdm, giao nhiem vu va phat PHT tir tiet trudc da HS chuan
bi d nha Len ldp, HS ehi trinh bay, GV nhan xet va chot lai kien thu-c cho cac em
2.3.2 Su dung PHT di to chiec thao luan nhom
Ben canh nhiem vu cung cd, he thdng hda kian thirc, doi vdi cac bai dn tap, so ket, tdng
kit, GV phai hudng din hgc sinh phan tich ban chSt eac moi quan he, giai thich sau hon
nhirng khai niem phirc tap da dugc hinh thanh nh^m nang cao trinh do ly thuyet khi hieu
cac hieo tugng cua ddi sdng xa hgi To chirc day hgc loai bai nay la dieu kien quan
Trang 6hiit khoa hoc vi lich su X a tinh quy luat cua su phat hiin xa hgi, bSi duong va ren luyen
cac ky nang dugc quy djnh uong chuoog trinh Ijch su a truong pho thong
Vi du: Khi day S<r kit lich sii Viet Nam tir ngu6n gdc d i n giira the ky XIX bai
" Q u i trinh dung ninjc va giir nu*c" (SGK Ljch su 10), muc H: Cong cuoc khang
chiin bdo ve To qudc sau khi giiip HS he thong hoa cac cugc dau traiJi tieu bieu trong
lich sir dan toe, GV l6 chuc thao luan nhom de cac em nit ra nhung dac_trung ca ban
ciia cong cuoc bao ve dit nuac cua nhan dan ta GV co the thiet ke mot mSu PHT de tat
ca cae nhom thao luan chung mot van de Thai gian hoan thanh PHT la 5 phut
PHIEU HOC TAP ^ Dira vao nien bilu cac cuoc dau tranh tieu bieu tir the ky I den nira dan the ky
x i x , cac em hiiy nhan jet vi dac tnmg cff ban ciia cong cuoc b i o ve dat nu«c ciia
nh§n dan ta ™,, ™i^-r.i,.-T
, ," „;:r.;:'™
,Y 'r-';"'
•"' '"™ '"
^ • - »
, , , T , - a
i y ! , ^ =
1«.T
! • rtn
,«*
^
« ^ T « K.1 Mi
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-i^n:*:
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HO Q.n 1
i - i ^
•SlSiJ^S^-T •SlSiJ^S^-T
m o r *
- n i ^ i i ^
• ™ i »
™-"'"
2.3.3 Sir dung PHT kit hftp v&i hoat dgng nhdm de ren luyen ky ndng thtjrc hanh bp
mdn cho HS
Muc tieu cua mon hgc noi chung, bai hgc noi rieng a truong ph6 thong la hinh thanh
cho HS ca kien thiic, thai do va kl nang Trong do, kl nang hgc tap ngay cang dugc chii
y coi trong bai 0-ong tiiai dai himg no thong tin, nha truong khong thi truyin thu moi tti
thiic ciia nhan loai ma phai huong cho HS each chiim linh tri thirc Trong bg mon Ljch
sir, ki nang thuc hanh la mot trong nhirng kl nang hit siic quan trgng, doi mai phuong
phap day hgc iheo hudng lay HS lam trung tam se chi la khto hieu suong niu khong tap
bring ren luyen cho cac em kl nang hgc tap va thuc hanh bg mon Thuc chjt cua viec
dii mdi phuong phap day hoc theo huong liy HS lam trung tam la giup cac em chu
dgng khai thac, linh hgi kien thirc mai g k liin vai viec ren luyen kl nang duoi su chi
Trang 7nhiing con ngudi cd du ph^m chat va nang luc thich ling vdi mpt xa hdi giau kha nang bien dpng ciia thdi ki van minh tri me va xu tha toan cau hoa ngay nay
Vidu: Khi d?iy Sff k i t lich sir Viet Nam (1858 - 1918) (SGK Ljch sir 11), muc 2: Thuc ddn Phap no sung xdm lucre Viet Nam vd cugc khdng chien cua nhan ddn ta, GV sir
dung PHT thiat ke san luge do Viet Nam (trdng), chia ldp thanh cac nhdm, yeu can cac
em nhd lai kien thiic da hgc de dien thdi gian, dja diem, ve biau tugng ngon lira (*A*) d noi dian ra chien sir len luge do va dan cac mang mau (GV chuan bi sin) the hien ndi dung cua Hiep udc Hac mang va Hiep udc Pa to not de trinh bay qua trinh xam luge Viet Nam cua thuc dan Phap (1858 - 1884) Thdi gian hoan dianh PHT la 7 phiit
PHIEU HOC TAP Trinh bay qua trinh xam luge Viet Nam ciia thirc dan Phap (1858 - 1884)
Sau khi cac nhdm hoan thanh xong nhiem vu ciia minh, GV su dung luge dd trong (phdng to), yeu can dai dien cua mot nhdm lan bang trinh bay ndi dung d3 hoan thanh trong PHT Tren ca sd do, cac nhdm khac bd simg Hoan thien dugc ngi dung luge dd tren, tuc la HS da nam dugc nhung su kien co ban trong qua trinh xam luge nude ta eua thuc d^n Phap Ddng tiidi, cac em dugc ren luyen cac ky nang nhu doc, chi ban do va tai hien dugc cac biau tugng lich su, nit ra nhang tri thuc Uch su tir nhirng luge dd
3 KET LUAN
Bai dn tap, sa ket, tdng ket gii? mot vai trd quan trgng trong day bgc lich sir d trudng THPT Nd khdng chi ciing cd, he thong hda kien thuc, ma cdn giiip HS phan tich ban chat cac mdi quan be, nit ra quy It^t, bai hgc ljch sir De nang cao hieu qua loai bai hgc nay, nhieu phuong phap d§ dugc ap dung, trong dd cd sii dung PHT kep hop vdi hoat ddng nhdm Thuc tiln cho thay, day la phuong phap de ap dung, khdng tdn kem nhieu
ma hieu qua lai cao, phat huy dugc tinh tich cure boat ddng, ren luyen tu duy, ky nang thuc hanh, kha nang lam viec nhdm, trinh bay, tranh li4n mpt van de trudc dam ddng cho HS Ddng thdi, giiip cac em nang cao long tu tin, kha nang giao tilp Tuy nhien,
Trang 8nhu viec HS y lai dua dim ban ttong qua trinh lam viec nhdm, ldp hpc on ao, tmh cong bang iTong kilm tra danh gia Dac biet, nha trudng can cd su hd trg cho GV trong viec
in in PHT, dl dam bao phuang phap nay dugc su dung thudng xuyen
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Nguyin Thi Coi (2006) Cac con dudng, bien phap ndng cao hieu qua day hgc lich
su a trudng phd thdng NXB Su pham Ha Noi
[2] Phan Due Duy (2008) Hoat dong nhom trong day hgc Sinh hoc, K\ yeu Hdi ihdo khoa hgc: Trao ddi kinh nghiem vi ddi mdi phucmg phap dgy hgc dap ung chuang trinh sdch giao khoa phd thdng mai Cong doan ca so Trudng Dai hpc Su pham
-DHHul,tr.45-55
[3] Dang Thanh Hung (2004) Thilt kl va sur dung phieu hpc tap trong day hoc hgp
tac Tgp chi Phat trien Giao due, S6 8, trang 8 -14
[4] Hoang Phe (Chii bien) (1997) Tir Diin Tieng Viet NXB Van hoa thong tin Da
Ning
[5] Biii Thiiy Phuong (2014) Thilt kl philu hoc tap cho cac bai day van nghi iuan
Viet Nam trung dai d Tnmg hoc pho thong Tap chi Giao due So 328 (ki
2-2/2014), Uang 42-44
Title: USING HANDOUT AND GROUP TEACHING METHOD TO TEACH THE REVIEW, PRELIMINARY AND FINAL REVIEW LESSONS IN TEACHING HISTORY AT MIDDLE SCHOOL
Abstract; The review, preliminary and final review lessons of the program of history at the the basic knowledge of a certain historical period for pupils However, in fact, this senes does not seem to be full attention of the teachers, often perfunctory teaching Therefore, pupils do not feel well enjoy the lessons This paper proposes a method to teach the review, preliminary and final review lessons is using handout associated with the group teaching to develop independent, creativity thinking, practical skills for pupils, as well as create excitement for them to leam history
Keywords: Handout; Group teaching; Rreview, reliminary and final review lessons; Teaching history; Middle School; Standard program
ThS TRAN THI H A I L E