110 TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRJONG DAI HOC MO TRHCM SO 3 (36) 2014 TIM HIEU Sir TU HOC MON PHl/ONG PHAP G L 4 N G DAY CIIA SINH VIEN CHUYEN NGANH GIANG DAY TIENG ANH THEO HOC CHE TIN CHI Ngay nhan bai 31/03/[.]
Trang 1TIM HIEU Sir TU HOC MON PHl/ONG PHAP G L 4 N G DAY CIIA SINH VIEN CHUYEN NGANH GIANG DAY TIENG ANH THEO
HOC CHE TIN CHI
Ngay nhan bai : 31/03/2014 ^U^^ ' ^ p^^^ j-f^j j/j^ jyfg^i Ngay nhan lai : 07/04/2014 TrSn Vo Diim Thuy-Ngay duyet dang : 05/05/2014 Duong Dodn Hodng Truc^
TOM T A T
Muc tieu cua nghiin cihi trinh bdy trong bdi bdo ndy la tim hieu thuc trgng ve su
tu hgc cua sinh vien chuyen ngdnh gidng dgy tieng Anh trong suot khoa hgc ve Phucmg phdp gidng dgy tieng Anh (phdn J) Boi tugng nghien cuu Id 90 sinh vien cda hai l&p dang theo hgc ndm thu ba vdo hgc ky I cua ndm hgc 2012-2013 Ba nguon die lieu dugc thu thdp gom co: quan sdt sinh vien tap gidng, kit qud bdi kiim tra giUa ky vd phiiu khdo sdt Kit qud phdn tich die lieu cho thdy mdc dit da so sinh vien y thuc cao vai tro
tu hgc nhdm phdt triin ndng luc chuyin mon nhieng 90% sinh vien da khong ddnh th&i gian di tu hgc dting theo quy dinh cua hgc chi tin chi Ngodi ra, sinh viin khong ddnh gid cao tinh dgc lap vd thoi quen tu hgc cua hg Kit qud bdi kiim tra giiea ky vd quan sdt sinh viin tap gidng cho thdy sinh viin chi dgt dugc 50% muc tieu md gidng vien di
ra doi v&i cdc hogt dgng tu hgc Do do, nhom tdc gid de nghi nha tru&ng cdn phdi co bien phdp ho trg gidng viin qudn ly th&i gian tu hgc vd ddnh gid cdc hogt dgng hgc tap cua sinh viin ngodi gi& len lop
Tur khoa: Sinh vien chuyen nganh giang d?iy, tu hgc, hgc chi tin chi, cac hoat dgng tuhgc
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is investigating teacher trainees' autonomy during the Eng-lish Language Teaching Methodology Course (I) Participants included ninety students fi-om two classes in the first semester of the academic year 2012-2013 The data were collected by different methods such as observation, the midterm test and questionnaire The analysis of the survey data shows that in spite of high awareness of autonomy
in developing their professional competence, 90% of them did not spend enough time
on self-study as required in the credit-based training system Also, they did not highly self-assess their independence and study habits The interpretation of the data from the instructor's observation and the midterm test also reveals that these students satis-fied only 50% of the aims set for autonomous learning tasks: (1) required reading and (2) lesson plan preparing for micro teaching As a result, it is recommended that there should be some measurements to support the lecturer to manage students 'studying time and evaluate their autonomous learning activities after class
Keywords: teacher ttainees, autonomy, credit-based training system, autonomous learning activities
Trang 2I.DATVANDE
Nam 2007 Bd Giao due va Dao tao
ban hanh "Quy chi Bdo tgo Bgi hgc vd
Cao Bdng he chinh quy theo hi thong tin
chi (TC)" hay con ggi la Quy chi 43 Dac
diem quan ttgng nhlt ciia hgc chi nay la
lam cho mdi ngudi hgc cd thi hgc theo
nsng luc va diiu kien ciia rieng minh Dac
diem nay huge ngudi day phai ap dung
phuong phap giang day (PPGD) giiip cho
smh vien (SV) phat huy dugc tinh tu chu
va giiip hg biet cdeh hgc di tu hgc Ciing
vdi xu budng nay, trong viec giang day
ngoai ngir, dac biet la tieng Anh, nghien
ciiu ve viec tu hgc, tinh tu chii ciia ngudi
hgc khi dao tao theo phuong thiic TC dugc
nhieu giang vien ciing nhu chuyen gia giao
due quan tim
Tmh hinh nghiin cuu trong nu&c:
Le (2010) ling dung chien luge
CREAM d6i vdi 48 SV nam thu nhlt he
Cao Dang nganh Su pham (SP) tieng Anh
tai trudng DH Su Pham Hui cho thay thii
thach ldn nhat cua cic SV nay khi hgc
tieng Anh la thieu phuong phap (PP) hgc
tap hieu qua; Le (2010) ket luan ky nang
ngon ngir ciia SV dugc cai thien sau mgt
hgc ky (theo kit qud tu ddnh gid cua SV)
Mdt nghien ciiu khac ve tinh ty chii cua
SV ttong hgc chi TC do Nguyin (2010)
va cgng sir thuc hien tai Khoa Ngoai Ngii
(NN)-Trudng DH Md Tp.HCM Kit qua
cho thay dii tinh tu chii ciia ngudi hgc khda
TC so vdi khoa hgc phin hau nhu vugt
hon ttong khoang bdn phan nam (4/5) cac
ngi dung nghien ciiu, nhung su khac biet
CO y nghTa chi khoang mgt phan ba (1/3)
ttong nam mdn hgc ciia nam thii nhat dac
biet la phan quy dinh tu hgc va mgt so ngi
dung trong hai mon nghe-ndi va dgc hieu
dugc xem nhu thanh cong ciia hgc che TC
Trinh (2010) - DH Cin Tho kit luin ttong
hoan canh Viet Nam nang lyc tu hgc cd thi
dugc phat trien thdng qua viec iing dung
hgc tap ty diiu chinh
Ttnh hinh nghien cieu ngodi nu&c:
Sau khi nghien ciiu su tu hgc ttong mgt khda hgc ve PPGD ngdn ngii danh cho giao vien day tieng Anh bac lieu hgc
va trung hgc, Cotterall (2004) di nghi giao vien nen khuyen khich ngudi hgc: (1) xay dung muc tieu hgc tap lau dai de ttong qua ttinh hgc tip hg se diu tu nhieu vao cac boat ddng hgc tip nham linh hgi dugc nhiing ky nang ma hg can, va (2) suy ngim
ky lai nhiing gi minh da lam bdi vi sy suy ngam la mgt yeu td then chot ttong viec nang cao kha nang lam viec va hgc tip mgt each dgc lip cua ngudi hgc
Dir lieu phin tich dinh tinh va dinh
lugng cua Sert (2006) cho thay dudng nhu
SV SP Anh tai mdt trudng DH d Thd NhT
Ky chua xac dinh minh phai hgc cai gi va hgc nhu the nao de dat hieu qua cao khi ty hgc Tac gia nay chi ra rang nhimg SV nay thieu kha nang tu danh gia trong viec theo doi qua ttinh ty hgc Vdi ket qua tim dugc, Sert da dua ra gia thuyet rang, can phai gitip cho ngudi hgc ning cao nhan thiic vi viec ty hgc cua hg va khi ngudi hgc nhan thirc tot hg se ning cao kha ning ty kiem soat viec hgc ciia minh va khi ning nay gdp phan tao dgng luc giiip hg hgc dat bieu qua cao hon (Sert, 2006)
Kojima (2007 & 2008) tai Nhit Bin cho biet iing dung hudng tiep can CAJU-(C^ collaborative leaming-hgc tap cgng tac, A^ autonomous learning- ty hgc va RL= Reflective learning- hgc tu du}) co hieu qua ttong viec nang cao nang luc chuyen mdn va su hgc tip nghien ciiu dgc lip ctia SV chuyen nganh giang day tiing Anh Endo (2010) dNhit Ban kit luin ring mudn cd nhieu tien bg trong giang d^y haj'
ty hgc them de nang cao tay nghe, giao
vien cin phai theo ba budc: (1) sogn gido
dn; (2) thuc hien bdi gidng; (3) xem lgi bdi gidng di rut kinh nghiem Endo (2010) ggi
budc thii ba la "reflection'' Theo Endo khi
Trang 3danh gia cac budc len Idp len cung nhu ngi
dung giang day mdt each khach quan hon
va giiip hg thiit ki nhung bai giang hay va
phil hgp ban bai trudc do Mgt nghi6n ciiu
khac vi niim tm cua 112 SV tieng Anh
ddi vdi viec ty hgc khac dugc thyc hiSn
bdi Bal9ikanli (2010) tai Khoa SP Anh cua
trudng DH Gazi -Thd NhT Ky Kit qua cho
thiy nhiing SV nay cd thai do tich cyc ddi
vdi viec ty hgc
Theo ket qua nghien ciiu ly luan ciia
hai tac gii Mascaskill va Taylor (2010),
chua CO nhiing PP do ludng tam ly hgc mgt
each hoan chinh mac dii cac PP do ludng
nay rat quan ttgng ddi \ di viec ty hgc Tuy
nhien, Mascaskill va Taylor (2010) ket
luan thang do 12 tieu chi cd y nghia ttong
viec do ludng sy tu hgc ve mat tam ly ciia
SV
Tom lgi, cac nghien ciiu ttong nudc
tap trung vao cac mdn hgc ve k;^ nang
ngdn ngii, chua cd nhieu ngbien ciiu sy tu
hgc ciia SV mdn chuyen nganh Hon niia,
cac nghien ciiu d nude ngoai ciing chua
thay sy danh gia cua giang vien ddi vdi
cac boat hgc tap ciia SV ngoai gid len ldp
Tir nhimg ket qua nghien cuu tten va thyc
te tai DH Md Tp.HCM, phuong thtic dao
tao theo he thong TC da dugc ap dung tii
nam hgc 2009-2010, nhdm nghien ciiu xet
thSy nghien ciiu tim hieu ve sy ty hgc cua
SV qua do giang vien cd co sd de nghien
ciiu lai ndi dung tu hgc cung nhu each
hudng dan SV ty hgc dat hieu qua cao
la mgt ttong nhiing van de cip thiet hien
nay nham nang cao chat lugng dao tao cua
nha trudng Muc tieu ciia nghien ciiu nay
tun hieu thyc ttang ve sy ty hgc ciia SV
khi hgc mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt nham
tim hieu nhan thiic cua SV ve tam quan
ttgng cua sy ty hgc, va tinh ddc lap nhu
thdi quen ty hgc cua SV ngoai gid len ldp
Cac hoat dgng tu hgc cua S V khi hgc mon
PPGD tieng Anh mgt bao gdm dgc them
tai lieu tham khao bat buoc theo de cuong
mon hgc va ty tim tai lieu thiet ke bai giang
theo mdt PPGD da dugc phan cdng
Cdu hoi nghiin cieu: Sinh vien ty
hgc cac ngi dung dugc phan bd trong de cuong mon PPGD tieng Anh mdt nhu thi nao ngoai gid Ien ldp? De tim ra cau tta Idi ciia cau hdi nay ciing nliu muc tieu de
ra, nhdm tac gia six dung ba cau hoi dinh hudng sau day:
Sinh vien co y thiic dugc tam quan ttgng cua cac boat ddng tu hgc quy dinh ttong di cuong mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt dugc thiit ke theo phuong thiic dao tao TC hay khong?
Sinh vien ty danh gia tinh dgc lap ttong hgc tap va thoi quen tu hgc ciia hg nhu the nao?
Theo sy danh gia ciia giang vien sinh vien ty hgc co dat dugc muc tieu ma giang vien de ra hay khdng?
2 COSOfLYLUAN TIT hoc trong bgc che tin chi (TC) Theo Quy che 43 ciia Bg Giao due va Dao tao, dan vi TC dugc xac dinh dya tten khoi lugng lao dgng hgc tap ciia mdt SV trung binh, va thudng dugc dinh nghTa nhu
sau: "«ew mon hgc co mgt gi& len ldp (50
phiit) trong mgt tudn keo ddi trong mgt hgc
ky 15 tudn thi dugc tinh mgt tin chP\ Ngoai
ra, dinh nghia TC chi cdn dugc bd sung mgt ve quan ttgng nhu sau: "di dam bao mgt gid hgc d ldp cin it nhit hai gid hgc ca nhan" Theo dinh nghia nay (Lim, 2011),
TC bao gdm mdt phan noi la mgt gid hgc
d ldp va mgt phan chim la hai gid chuan bi
ca nhin Ket qui hgc tap ciia S V phai dugc danh gia thudng xuyen ttong tiin ttinh
(formative) de thu dugc cac phan hdi nhlm
dieu chinh thudng xuyen viec day va hgc;
va danh gia tdng kit (summative) dk ghi
nhan viec tich liiy dugc cac hgc phin Mgt yeu cau quan trgng ciia danh gia tdng kit
la phai danh gia dugc kit qua hgc tap lien quan den phin kien thiic co ban (phin ndi) hgc tren ldp va kiin thiic md rgng (phin
Trang 4Cac dinh nghia ve tu hgc
Thugt ngir ttf hoc:
Cd nhieu dinh nghia khac nhau ve
thuat ngii "ty hoc"(autonomy) Theo ty
dien Oxford danh cho ngudi hgc d trinh
do nang cao, ''autonomy" cd nghTa la
khd ndnghdnh dgng vd dua ra quyit dinh
md khongbi kiim sodt b&i bdt ky mgt ddi
tugng ndo (cd the truy cap tai dia chi
www.oaldS.oxfordlearnerdictionaries
com) Cdn trong ty dien tiing Anh cua nha
xuit ban Mamillan, thuat ngii nay dugc
dinh nghta la khd ndng dua ra cdc quyet
dinh cua riing cd nhdn ndo do (dinh nghia
nay citng cd the tim thiy d trang www
Macmillandictionary.com) Trong ty dien
thuat ngu: dugc sii dung ttong giing day
ngon ngii tiing Anh Thombury (2006)
dinh nghia "autonomy" la khd ndng chiu
trach nhiem vd kiim sodt vice hgc cita bgn
trong tru&ng hgc hay tgi mgt ca s& gido
diic hogc trong boi cdnh hodn todn khong
phu thugc vdo ngu&i dgy hay mgt ca quan
qudn ly gido due Theo Thombury, tu hgc
hay "autonomy" ddng nghia vdi cum tir
''self-directed learning" Cac nha phe bmh
khong dong tinh vdi phong ttao ty hgc thi
tranh luan rang khai niem ty hgc doi vdi
ngudi hgc la mgt sy mau thuan ttong cac
thuat ngu bdi vl neu ngudi hgc co the ty
hgc, hg se khong can theo hgc bat ky mgt
khda hgc ngdn ngii nao ngay tii dau Tuy
nhien, Thombury cho rang tit ca ngudi
hgc nao ciing ttii qua mgt giai doan nao
do ttong qua ttinh hgc ma hg cin lam viec
mgt each dgc lap vdi thay cd va ban be
(2006:22)
Cac chuyen gia trong ITnh vuc giao
due va giang day ngdn ngii cd nhieu dinh
nghTa khac nhau ve ty hgc Theo Holec
(1981) ty hgc la khd ndng chiu trach
nhiim cho viec hgc cita rieng mgt cd nhdn
ndo do trong khi do Little (1991) cho rdng
tu hgc Id mot thugc tinh tdm ly co lien
quan din qua trinh vd ngi dung hgc, vd
Dickinson(1987:ll}' mo td tu hgc nhu mgt dnh huong md trong do ngu&i hgc hodn todn chiu trdeh nhiem cho tdt cd cdc quyit dinh CO lien quan den viic hgc vd chiu trdeh nitiim thuc hiin nhieng quyet dinh do
(trich lai tir Benson, 2006) Theo Benson,
ty hgc la mgt sy cdng nhin nhimg quyin ban ciia ngudi hgc ttong cac he thdng giao due (ttich tir Wikipedia)
Benson (2006) cho ring dinh nghia
"tu hgc" cua Holec (1981) co anh hudng nhieu nhit va dugc nhieu nha nghien ciiu sii dung bdi vi diem manh ttong dinh nghia ciia Holec (1981) la nd dugc dya tren gia thuyet ngudi hgc khong tu phat ttien nang Iuc ty hgc, tuy nhien khi hg bi dat vao trong nhung tinh hudng ma hg khdng co su lya chgn nao khac ngoai viec phai ty hgc va diy la mgt trong nhimg sy phat trien cd
y nghia quan ttgng doi vdi dinh nghia tu hgc ban 30 nam qua Benson (2006) ciing nhan xet rang Holec (1981) chi mfi ta viec ren luyen ty hgc ban la chinh sy tu hgc Co nghia la dinh nghia vS tu hgc cua Holec chi giai thich nhiing thii ma mpt ngudi
ty hgc CO the lam dugc chir khong ly giai dugc Iam the nao de anh/chi ta co the lam dugc
Mgt vin de niia Benson (2006) dua
ra la: "Nhitng yeu to quan trong nhdt cua
su tu hgc ngon ngii- chinh xac la gi?" Theo
tie gia nay thi van chua co dugc mdt ket luan rd rang va rat khd xac dinh dugc cac yeu to quan ttgng ciia su tu hgc; tuy nhien nhiiu tac gia da dat dugc mgt sy dong thuin- dd la cd nhieu mirc do ty hgc theo Nunan (1997:192) va hanh vi cua ngudi
ty hgc cd the dudi nhieu hinh thiic khac nhau, tuy thugc vao do tudi, sy tien bg ma ngudi hgc dat dugc ttong qua trinh hgc va cai ma hg tiep nhan tu nhu ciu hgc trudc mit (Little, 1991-trich dan lai tii Benson 2006)
Nunan (1997:195) dua ra md hinh ty
Trang 5ddng ty hgc: (1) nhdn thirc (awareness):
(2) tham gia (involvement): (3) dieu chinh
(intervention); (4) sdng tgo (creation):
va (5) ieng dung (transcendence) Theo
Nunan (1997) mdi cap do ty hgc deu gan
lien vdi hai mat do la ngi dung va qiQ! trinh
tu hgc Ngoai ra, hai tac gja Reinders &
Balcikanli (2011) de nghi tam giai doan
ciia qua trinh ty hgc bao gom: (1) xac dinh
nhu cau hgc tap; (2) xa>- dung muc tieu;
(3) len ke hoach hgc; (4) chgn tai lieu bgc
tip; (5) chgn PP hgc; (6) ling dung - sir
dung ngdn ngir ha}- thyc nghiem; (7) theo
doi sy tien bd- tu hoac nhd ddng mdn nhan
xet; va (8) danh gia lai qua trinh va dn tip
Tinh doc lap cda ngudi hoc
Theo Moore'* khai niem tinh dgc lap
ciia ngudi hgc bao gdm hai yeu td:
1 ngudi ty hgc it nhat da phat trien
kha ning kiem soat boat ddng
hgc ciia hg va
2 mdi trudng hgc tap tao nhieu ca
hdi cho ngudi hgc kiem soat viec
hgc ciia hg;
De phat trien kha nSng nay ddi hoi
nhieu pham chat ca nhan ciia ngudi hgc
nhu su tu tin, dgng luc, nam ldy vd nitdn
trdeh nhiim, vd khd nang tiin phong trong
hgc tap, va nhieu thii khac nhu la ky nang
hgc thuat, nang lyc tri me, ky nang hgc dgc
lap va ky nang hgc nhdm (Ivan Moore)
Hai tac giaMacaskill \a Ta>ior (2010) cho
ring nhieu >'iu td cdt loi khac nhau nhu:
trdeh nhiem cho viec hgc su sdn sang don
nhan kien thiic tir nhimg ttai nghiem, ngi
lyc va sy ty tin khi tham gia cac boat ddng
mdi tao thanh tinh dgc lip cua ngudi hgc
Tltdi quen tu hgc
Dya theo dinh nghTa ty hgc ciia
Holec (1981) nhu da trinh bay d tten [
khd ndng chiu trdeh nhiem ] va khai
niem ciia Moore ve tinh dgc lap ciia ngudi hgc the hien d trach nhiem cua hg ddi vdi cac hoat dgng hgc tap nhu xac dinh muc tieu hgc tap, chgn PP hgc va danh gia, va sap xep viec hgc Cac boat dgng nay tuong ddng vdi cac giai doan cua qua trinh tu hgc theo hai tie gia Reinders & Balcikanli (2011) (nhu da trinh bay) Trong qua trinh
ty hgc, ngudi hgc phai Ien ke hoach va sap xep viec hgc sao cho hieu qua, do do mgt ngudi ty hgc phai xay dyng cho minh thdl quen hgc tap Macaskill va Taylor (2010) cho rang ihdi quen cua ngudi ty hgc bao gdm cac yen td quan ly thdi gian trong qua trinh hgc, sy tri hoan va thai do cua ngudi hgc khi lam viec mgt minh
Bdnh gid su tu hgc
Tassinari (2012) tin rang ttong qua trinh ty hgc, cd nhieu ly do tai sao tap trung vao sy ty danh gia se cd lgi hon la sir dung hmh thiic danh gia ben ngoai, va Sinclair (1999) ciing img hd quan diem nay Hon niia, Kleppin (2005) lip luan rang tu danh gia ve ngdn ngii va nang Iuc hgc tip la mgt
PP quan ttgng ttong qua ttinh ty hgc va nhu cau tu danh gia phai dugc thyc hien
va hd ttg bdi ttong mgt md hinh SP vdi
nhiing cdng cu va PP phii hgp (trich lai
tir Tassinari 2012) Ddng quan diim vdi Tassinari (2012), Gardner (2000) danh gia cao vai ttd cua su ty danh gia va tm ring viec su dung ty danh gia nhu mgt cdng
cu ttong mdt bg dung cu danh cho ngudi
ty hgc va se giup hg rat nhieu ttong qua trinh hgc Mac du do tin ca} ciia viec SV
ty dinh gia bi nghi ngd, Gardner (2000) da tim dugc mgt sd luin chimg khuyin khich ngudi hgc tu danh gia tir nhiiu tac gia khac nhau
Su tu hoc trong chirtmg trinh dao
tao (CTDT) giao vien tieng Anh Mac du sy ty hgc rat can thiit va phu
han Moore Dirvcior of Center of Promoting Learner Autonomy co the truy cap tai dia chi hllp c.ura.slnLoc.iik cptai
Trang 6hgp vdi sy phat trien khdng ngimg cita the
gidi ngay nay theo hai tac gia Reinders va
Balcikanli (2011) thi ttong sd 11 diu sach
(xuit ban tii nam 1991 din 2007) dugc sir
dung trong cac CTDT giao vien tieng Anh
nhieu nai tten the gidi, hlu het cac tai lieu
khdng cd thdng tm vi sy ty hgc va ciing
khdng bat ky thong tin lien quan din sy
phat trien cac ky nang can thiSt de ty hgc
Tie gia Kojima (2007 & 2008) di xult su
hgp nhit cac yeu td nhu hgc tap cgng tac,
ty hgc va tu duy cd tiem nang thiic day cac
SV phat ttien nang lyc chuyen mon va kha
nang ty hgc
Su cong tdc (Collaboration)
Dooly (2008) giai thich hgc tap cgng
tac ddi hdi ngudi hgc cimg nhau lam \ iec
de dat dugc mdt muc tieu chung PP hgc
nay cd nhieu ten ggi khac nhau nhu: hgc
tap hgp tic (cooperative learning), hgc tip
theo tip the (collective learning), hgc tip
theo cgng ddng (learning communities),
day vdi dong mon (peer teaching), hgc ^"di
ddng mdn (peer learning) hay hgc nhdm
(team learning) Diem chung trong tat ca
cac dinh nghTa niy la nhieu ngudi ciing
tham gia chung mgt nhdm Tuy nhien
thuat ngii hgc tap cgng tac cd nghia rgng
ban - ngu&i hgc co trdeh nhiim cho dong
mon cUng nhu cho cd nhdn minh vd de dgt
duac muc tiiu chung vd hg giup do ldn
nhau de hieu ro mgt vdn de ndo do vd giup
nhau trong hgc tap (Dooly, 2008:21)
Hgc tip cgng tac dugc nhieu chuyen
gia nhu Hoist (2003), Kojima (2007 &
2008) va Domer va Major (2009) ap dung
ttong cic CTDT giao vien tieng Anh d
nhiiu quoc gia khic nhau tren the gidi
Su tuhgc (Autonomy)
Sy ty hgc cua nhiing giao vien ngon
ngii, theo Bailey (2006) cd the tim thay
d bai giang (action), quyet dinh lya chgn
PP va tai lieu giing day (decision making)
hoac ca hai Nhu da de cap d phan dit van
Anh muon ty hgc \ a nghien ciiu de phat trien nghe nghiep ciia minh thi phai quan
ba budc: (1) sogn gido dn, (2) tap gidng
va (3) nha dong nghiip du gio gop y hogc
tu xem lgi bdi gidng de nit ra nhung uu
diem hoac han che ciia hg va tir dd se bien soan lai bai giang khac hieu qua hon
Su tu duy (Reflection)
Ddng quan diem vdi Endo (2010) nhieu tac gia khac nhau nhu Wallace (1991), Cotterall (2004), Larrivee (2006) Hanner (2007) va Arikan (2010) ung hd
quan diem sir tu duy la mdt} eu cau co ban
ddi vdi giao vien tieng Anh de thich iing vdi sy thay ddi nhanh cua ca the gidi Tbeo tac gii Wallace (1991), co ba m6 hinh dao tao giao vien ngdn ngii nhung ttong do chi cd mdt md hinh trong do tu duy la mgt ttong nhiing yeu td hinh thanh ning lyc chuyen mon Theo Wallace (1991) mdt mdn hgc chuyen nganh ttong CTDT giao vien tieng Anh phii bao gom sy phat trien
hai nhom kien thirc: (I) "receveid
knowl-edge'' bao gom tii vyng chuyen nganh
nhiing khai niem tuong xiing, ket qua nghien ciiu, hgc thuyet va nhiing ky nang
cin thiit cho nghe nghiep, va (2)
"experi-mental knowledge" dugc tiep can thong
qua thyc hanh, cd nghia la thyc hien cdng viec chuyen mdn cita mgt giao vien thyc
su va hg se co co hdi suy ngam Iai kien thiic ma hg diit ket dugc sau khi thyc hanh (Wallace, 1991:15) Nhu vayttieo mdhinh cua Wallace su ty hgc ciia SV dugc tim thiy d budc thyc hanh hay tap giang mdt
phin doan nho tren ldp (micro-teaching),
sau khi tap giang SV chuyen sang budc tiip theo la suy ngim lai bai day ciia minh nhim tim ra nhiing gi chua tot \a chuan
bi bai khac t6t hon quay lai thyc hanh mgt lln niia Khi xem lai mgt lan niia neu cam thiy hai long vi bai giang thanh cong thi nliiing gi da lam lan sau se ttd thanh cai
gl dd ciia rieng hg hay cdn ggi la ning lyc chuyen mdn
Trang 7Tom lgi ty hgc tap nghien ciiu sau
gid hgc tten ldp la mgt ttong nhiing dac
tinh quan ttgng ciia phuong thirc dao tao
theo he thdng TC Trong giang day ngdn
ngfl, mac du cd mgt sd chuyen gia khdng
ddng tinh vdi phong ttao t\j hgc nhung mgt
sd khac ung hg viec ty hgc va dat dugc
mgt sy ddng thuan ve muc do ty hgc Hon
nua, ciing can cd nhieu bien phap de danh
gia ket qua hgc tap ciia ngudi hgc ttong
dd ngudi hgc ty danh gia nang lyc ciia hg
l i mgt cdng cu can thietTrong cic CTDT
giao vien tieng Anh viec ty tim tai Ueu de
soan giao an tip giang dugc xem la mgt
boat dgng tu hgc De giup cho SV chuyen
nganh giang day ty hgc hieu qua, SV can
phai hgc tip cdng tic ha>" hgc theo nhom va
sau khi tip giang SV can phai xem lai bai
giang lai nham nit ra nhiing budc nao SV
chua Iam tdt de hg cd the khac phuc nhiing
ban che khi thuc hien mdt bii giang khac
Nhung vin de trinh bay tten day la co sd
Iy luan cho viec nghien ciiu thyc trang vi
sy tu hgc cua SV khi hgc mdn PPGD tiing
Anh mgt dugc trinh bay d phan tiep theo
cua bai bao nay
3 PHLTONG PHAP NGHIEN CLTU
Bdi canh va noi dung nghien ciru:
Mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt la mdn
hgc cdt loi bit budc thugc khdi kiin thiic
chujen nganh ttong CTDT giao vien tiing
Anh (he chinh quy) tai Khoa NN, trudng
DH Md Tp HCM S\' hgc mdn nay vao
hgc ky thii nam sau khi hoan thanh nhiing
mon hgc thugc khdi kien thiic giao due dai
cuong va khdi kien thitc nganh tiing Anh
Mon hgc nay cd ba TC va SV hoan thanh
khda hgc nay ttong vdng 9 tuin (mdi tuin
sinh \ ien hgc hai ca, va mdi ca ba tiet va
mdi tiit la 45 phiit theo nien chi vao thdi
diem thyc hien nghien ciiu)
Trudc khi len ldp, SVcin phai dgc
bai ttong quyen sach -Techniques and
Principles in Language Teaching"' cua tic
gia Larsen-Freeman (nha xuat ban Oxford
an ban lan 2 nam 2000), va khi len ldp giang \-ien se minh hga mgt bai giang dya theo mgt PPGD va tdm tit lai cac y chinh ciia mdi PP va ddi chieu lai bai giing minh hga Sau do SV lam viec theo nhdm thao luan uu diem va han che ciing nhu van de
ma giao vien gap phai khi ap dung mdt PP nay de day cac nhdm hgc \ ien khac nhau Vao budi hgc tiep theo SV (theo nhdm td 4-8 sinh vien) se len ldp tap giang ngi dung
ty bien soan, sau do cac SV khac quan sat
bai giang thao luin va dua ra nhan xet ve bai giang, \a cudi cimg la nhan xet ciia
giang vien Ngoai ra, theo de cuong mdn hgc SV phai tu hgc them phan kien thiic
nang cao theo quyen sach '^Approaches
and Methods in Language Teaching" cua
hai tic gia Richards J.C va Rodgers T.S (nha xuat ban Cambridge, an ban lin 2 in lai lln thii 18-nam 2011)
Mau nghien ciru:
Cd 90 SV thugc hai ldp (AVOl va AV03- Khda 2010) dang hgc Mon PPGD tieng Anh mgt vio hgc ky I cua nam hgc 2012-2013 va tac gia phu ttach giang day hai idp nay Da sd cac em dang theo hgc hgc ky thii nam ttong CTDT giao vien tiing Anh tai Khoa NN, trudng DH Md
Tp HCM
Cong cu thu thap du- lieu:
Quan sdt vd ghi chip
Khi quan sat cac nhdm SV tip giang theo PPGD da dugc phan cdng, giang vien
di ghi chep va nhan xet kha nang hiiu mgt PPGD tir khi chuan bi din luc thi hien bai day theo 10 tieu chi dya tten cac nguySn tic CO ban cua mdi PP Sau khi quan sat va nhan xet, giing vien luu lai nhiing thong tin nay Khi khda hgc ket thiic, giang vien tdng hgp lai va phan tich di tim mdt cau tta
Idi cho cau hdi nghien cuu thii ba: "TJjeo
su ddnh gid cua gidng vien, sinh viin tu-hgc CO dgt dugc mitc tieu md gidng viin di
ra hay khdng?"
Trang 8Bai kiem tra giua k}" gom ba phan:
(1) 20 ciu hdi ttac nghiem khach quan
trong pham vi kien thiic co ban dugc hgc
tten ldp; (2) 20 cau hdi trie nghiem khich
quan thugc phin kiin thiic dgc them d nha
va (3) mgt cau hdi tu luan kiim tra kha
nang danh gia uu diem va ban chi ciia mgt
PPGD khi ap dung de day tiing Anh bac
trung hgc phd thong tai ViSt Nam DG lieu
thu thap tir bai kiim tta (phin 20 cau hdi
kiem tta ngi dung ty hgc) giiip cho nhdm
nghien ciru tim ldi giii dap cho mdt phin
ciia ciu hdi nghien cim thu ba
Bdng cdu hoi khdo sdt
Bang cau hdi khao sat gdm ba phin
chinh dugc ttinh bay tten hai ttang giay
A4 Phin thii nhat nham tim hieu nhan
thiic ciia SV ^e ty hgc nhu (1) tam quan
ttgng ciia ty hgc doi vdi mgt giao \ ien
tieng Anh (2) dgng lyc ty hgc (3) thdi
gian danh cho ty hgc va (4) each doi phd
vdi ndi dung khd Thdng tin thu thap tii
phin nay se dugc phan tich nham tta ldi
cho cau hdi nghien ciiu thir nhat lien quan
den nhdn thuc cua SVve su tu hgc khi hgc
mon PPGD tiing Anh mgt Phan thii hai
cua bang khao sat gdm 12 cau hdi thugc
hai nhdm: tinh dgc lap trong hgc tap (tii
ciu Iden ciu 7) vi thoi quen tu hgc (tii ciu
8 den caul2) Day la mgt thang do co do
tin cay cao do dugc thiet ke bdi hai giao
vien trudng DH Sheffield Hallam cua Anh
Qude - Mascaskill va Taylor (2010) S V ty
dinh gia su ty hgc va thdi quen ty hgc theo
nam miic (cao nhit la 5 va thap nhat la 1)
Bang 1 Ket qua quan
Dii lieu dugc thu tliip vao buoi cuoi cimg ciia khda hgc va giiip cho nhdm tim cau tra
ldi cho cau hdi nghien ciiu thii hai - "Sinh
viin tie ddnh gid tinh dgc lap trong hgc tap
vd thoi quen tie hgc cua hg nhu thi ndo?"
4 KET QUA v A T H A O L U ^ N
Quan sdt sinh vien tap gidng ngi dung tu bien sogn
S6 lieu tten Bang 1 cho thiy giang vien danh gia viec sinh vien ty hgc mdn PPGD tieng Anh mgt thdng qua viec tim tai lieu de tu chuin bi mdt bai day theo mgt PPGD ma cic em hoc tham vao budi hgc dau tien \ a thuc hanh giang thii tten ldp khdng dugc cao Cu the la nhdm thii nhat chi dat miic trung binh (diem TB cdng la 5.4) vi nhdm thii hai dat miic kha (diim TB cdng la 7.1) Sau khi SV hoan thanh bai giing cac nhom thao luan va dua ra nhin xet ve bai giang; cd nhiiu SV khdng quan sat bai giang can thin va tham chi liy sach ra dgc; do do khi giang vien yeu cau nhan xet thi hiu het cac em nay khdng CO y kien gi het hoic la chi co mgt ciu tra ldi duy nhat la cac ban day rat hay Khi giang vien hdi tai sao hay va hay chd nao thi cac em khong tta Idi dugc Doi vdi nhiing nhdm thao luin soi ndi thi nhan xet cua cac em thien ve cam nhan ciia ngudi hgc vi ngdn ngii hon la PP Thyc ttang nay giong vdi ket qua ngbien ciiu cua Cotter-all (2004) nhiing giao vien ttong khda hgc PPGD luon de cap nhiing vin de thugc ve kien thiic ngon ngii khi nhan xet bai day cua ngudi khac chii khong nhan xet ve PP sat sinh vien tap giang
Cac phu-ffng phap/dinh hu-dng
(l)The Grammar Translation Method
(2) Ttie Direct Method
(3) The Audio-Linguai Method
(4) Total Physical Response
(51 Communicative Language Teaching
(fi) Tasl(-Based Instruction
(71 Content-Based Instruction
Tong cong
Nhom 1
5
5
7
6
7
4
4
38
Nhom 2
7
5
7
6
7
9
9
50
Trang 9KSt qua bai kiem tra npi dung sinli
vien tu doc tliem
Theo kk qua tli6ng ke diem bai kiem
tra phin npi dung lien quan den kien thiic
nang cao SV phai tu dpe them a nha, diem
trung binh (TB) cpng cua nhom thu nhat la
4.8/10 va nhom thii hai la 5.6/10 S6 heu
tren hinh 1 cung cho thay hon nam 50%
SV ciia nhom thii nhat dat diem duiii TB (tir4.5 den 1.5) va nhom thii hai (xem hinh 2) ti le nay Ihap hon, nghia la co 22% SV dat dijm dudi TB (tu 4.5 din 2.0) Do do
CO the ket luan riing, ket qua bai kiera tra phin npi dung tu doe them cua hai nhom chi dat muc TB
Hinhl KSt qua thong ke diem bai Idem tra cua nhom 1
Group 1
t a ^
I 0 1 ° 1 1 1
10
1 S 8
1 1 1 1 1 0 |~
1 15 2 2 5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5
score Hinh 2 Ket qua thong ke diem bai kiem tra ciia nhom 2
Group 2
20 I S - T S
,
"• ' 14
S,r
a " 6 6
^ 1 " " 1
"-2 I l l l
; 1 ° 1 1 1 1
12
—
8
1
1 '
' 1 1
i l l
2 2.5 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 7 5 8
score
0 8.5
Ket qua khao sat: SV mpt deu nhan thiic dupc tiim quan
Co ba > au td chung minh rSng SV "'png cua su tu hpe va tu nghien ciiu
Trang 10Thti-Igc quan ttong nhSt de hg tu dgc them tai
lieu va lam viec theo nhom soan bai tap
giang la giiip cho cac em nam vflng kien
thirc de ap dung cho cdng viec di day sau
khi ra trudng; dilu nay cho thiy SV da xac
dinh dugc muc tieu ngh8 nghiep ciia cac
em cCing nhu nhu c4u hgc hien nay la tich
liiy kien thiic cho cdng viec tuong [ai.Ihie
ba, khi tu dgc tai lieu ma khdng hieu da sd
phin ldn SV (91%) giai quylt vin dh bing
each tu tim hilu (45%), hdi ban (32%),
hdi giao viSn hudng dan (14%) va chi cd
8/87 sinh vien (9%) la bo qua Nhiing sd
lieu tren la mgt tinh hieu tich cue ve y thuc
ciia sinh vien ddi vdi viec tu hgc ngoai gid
len ldp; tuy nhien cd mgt van dk ma giang
vien ciing nhu nha trudng c4n phai quan
tam die biet dd la thdi gian SV danh cho
viec tu hgc ngoai gid len ldp Mac dii theo
hgc che TC thdi gian tu hgc tdi thieu phai
gap ddi thdi gian len ldp nhung kel qua
khao sat cho thay chi cd 8/90 SV (9%) tu
hgc theo diing vdi thdi gian quy dinh va
1% (1/90) SV tu hgc nhilu ban thdi gian
quy dinh Ngugc lai, 90% SV danh thdl
gian tu hgc mdn chuyen nganh chua dat
yeu ciu; trong do hon mdt niia sinh vien
(61%) chi dat dugc 50% thdi gian (4-5 gid
ttong tuan) va 29% tu hgc it ban mgt phan
hai thdi gian theo quy dinh
SV tu danli gia tinh dgc lap va thdi quen tu hgc d miic TB klia (xem hinh 3) Sd lieu tren hinh nay cho th^y SV cham dilm trach nhiem dat 3.4/5 va tliuc tl ldp hgc theo quan sat cua giang vien thi tinh thin ttach nhiem ciia tiing SV ciia ca hai ldp khi lam viec theo nhdm chua cao va cac em ciing khong cd trach nhiem cho nhau khi soan bai tip giang Vi du nhu luon ludn xay ra tinh ttang den gid tip giang, SV giu tai lieu giang day den tri giang vien va cac ban ttong nhdm ciing nhu cac ban khac pbai ngoi chd Mgt trudng hgp niia la khi lam viec theo nlidm, cac em tu phan cdng moi thanh vien co ttach nhiem thuc hien mgt giai doan nao do ciia bai giang; khi len ldp CO mdt SV vang mat thi cac thanh \ ien khac khdng the day the phan ciia ban minh
va bai giang bi mat mgt phin Dieu nay cho thay ttach nhiem ciia SV khi lam viec theo nhom chua cao; ttong khi dd hgc tap cgng tac (theo Kojima, 2007 & 2008) co tilm nang giiip cho SV tu hgc tdt dl phat ttien nang luc chuyen mdn va khi hgc tip cgng tic (theo Dooly, 2008) thi SV vira cd trach nhiem ca nhan va \ua co trach nhiem vdi cdng viec chung ciia ci nbdm
Hinh 3 Tinh doc lap ciia sinh vien trong hoc tap
Tinh l3^ ldp
Co trach nhiem
Co g ^ E mac dii kho Thich hoc npi dung duac
lliich duoc thiJ thach
Co dong lire hoan Ihanh mioc then gian quy dmh