Sử dụng bản đồ tư duy để hỗ trợ dạy học theo xemina đối với môn hóa học đại cương ở trường đại học kỹ thuật

Sif DUNG BAN D 6 TtT DUY D £ H 6 TRO DAY HOC THEO XEMINA DOI V d l MON HOA HOC BJ^l ClTONG d TRironVG DAI HQC KY THUAT NGUYEN NGQC TUAN Tnrang Dai hoc CNTT va Truyen thong Dai hoc Thdi Nguyen TRAN TRU[.]

THEO XEMINA DOI V d l M O N H O A H O C BJ^l ClTONG

d TRironVG DAI H Q C KY T H U A T

NGUYEN NGQC TUAN Tnrang Dai hoc CNTT va Truyen thong - Dai hoc Thdi Nguyen

TRAN TRUNG NINH Tnrang Dai hoc Suphgm Ha Ndi

Tom tat: 6 cac Qudng Dai hoc ky diuat khong chuyen vl hoa hpc, mon Hoa

hpc dai cuong duac hoc tir nam thu nhit Sinh vien gSp nhilu kho khan khi

hpc mon Hda hpc dai cuong, bdi vi sinh vien fait dhx lam quen vdi giang

dudng dai hoc, chua co phucmg phap hoc phu hgp vdi bac dai hoc Ban d6 Ur duy (Mind Map) la mot cong cu hieu qua de he thing hoa tu duy bang cac hinh anh tir khoa va lien kit vdi nhau bing nhihig dudng nli Bai bao nay gidi thieu viec su dung ban d6 nr duy dl h6 trg viec day hpc theo xemina ddi

vdi mon Hoa hpc dai cuong a trudng Dai hpc k5> thuat Viec sii dung ban dl

nr duy kit hop vdi xemina se giiip giang vien tilt kiem thdi gian, nang cao tinh linh hoat trong giang day, giilp sinh vien phat huy tii da su sang tao, kha nang tu duy, ghi nhd, ky nang hoi hoa, tao tam ly thoai mai, kich thich himg thii hpc tap va nang cao kit qua hpc t$p ciia sinh vien

lix khoa Ban dl tu duy, xemma, phuang phap day hpc, hoa hpc dai cuong,

d?i hpc ky thuat

l.MCJDAU

Xemina la mpt trong nhirng phuong phap day hgc tich cue dugc sir dung thudng xuyen trong qua trinh day hgc tai cac trudng Dai hgc va Cao dang Phuong phap nay giiip ngudi hpc tu giac, tich cue, sang tao, chu dgng tun kilm tai lieu va tiep thu kien thuc Vdi each day hpc nay, sinh vian co nhieu dieu kien bpc Id nhiing suy nghT ciia minh, tao khong khi hgc tap soi noi, kich thich tat ca sinh vien tham gia vao qua trinh hge tap [1], [3] Do vay, tang cudng cac xemina trong day hgc d trudng dai hge la mot hudng quan trpng de dap ung yeu cau ddi mdi phuang phap day hgc dai hgc hien nay De tien hanh tdt mpt xemina khoa hpc, giang vian va sinh vien can cd su chuan bi ehu dao va mat ndi dung va each thire to chuc Tuy nhien, trong thuc t l khi sir dung phucmg phap nay thi giang vien va sinh vien se ton rat nhieu thdi gian va cong sue de chuan hi mpt budi xemina, tir khan chuan bi dan khau tien hanh De khac phuc nhiJng ban che tren bai viet nay gidi thieu viec sii dung ban dd tu duy de ho trg viec day hgc theo xemina

2 PHUONG PHAP XEMINA 0 TRUdNG D ^ I HOC

Xemina la phuong phap day hpc ca ban dac trung d dai hgc va cao dang Xemina la hinh thiic hgc tap, trong dd mpt sinh vien hay mot nhdm sinh vien dugc giao chuan bi hTidc mpt van de nhat dinh, sau dd trinh bay trudc lap (nhdm) va thao luan van de da Tap chi Khoa hoc va Giao due, Tnrang Dai hoc Su pham Hul

chuan bj Xemina ddng vai trd rat quan trpng trong qua trinh day hgc d dai hpc Xemina

la khau thuc hanh dau tien, trong dd ngudi hgc tim tdi, van dung tri thirc va tap dugt nghien cuu khoa hgc Neu d hinh thuc dian giang, ngudi day hoat ddng tich cue nhieu hon, ngudi hge cd phSn bi dgng, thi d xemina, tinh nang dgng tich cue ciia sinh vien dugc phat huy day du hon, hg thuc su la chii the, la trung tam ciia qua trinh day hpc va cung hgp tac da thao luan giai quyet mot van de khoa hgc De thuc hien duge tot budi xemina, can nhieu kT thuat day hpc, mpt trong cac kl thuat la su dung ban do tu duy de phat huy tdi da nhung uu diam cua phuong phap xemina

3 CAC B U 6 C XAY Dl/NG M O T BAI XEMINA

De thuc hien tot bai day theo phuong phap xemina, giang vien va sinh vien cln thuc hien cae budc sau:

Chgn chu de: Chii de la nhirng van de hap din lian quan den bai hgc nham thu hiit

ngudi hpc va dap ung cae yeu cau ciia ngudi hpc

Xay dimg nguon thong tin dit lieu: Cac ngudn thdng tin du lieu phai da dang, thudng

bao gdm saeh, bai bao, ki yeu hdi thao - hdi nghi, tap ehi, internet

Xay dung dan bai xemina: Tir chu dl xemina va cac ngudn thdng tin du- lieu, giang

vien va sinh vien bat dau xay dung dan bai xemina De xay dung dan bai semiar mot cich nhanh chong, khoa hoc thi giang vien va sinh vien can sir dung ban do tu duy de phac thao bai xemina dudi dang did dua tren cac van d l lien quan den bai hgc

Hoan thanh bai xemina: Tir dan bai xemina, bd sung cae chi tiet va chinh sira hoan

thien ban kl hoach xemina bang ban dd tu duy

4 BAN DO TU DUY VA QUY TRJNH SU" DUNG BAN DO TU" DUY DE HO TRO VIEC DAY HOC THEO XEMINA

a/ Ban dh tu- duy

Ban d6 tu duy, cdn ggi la luge do tu duy, so do tu duy , la mot hinh thuc ghi chep sir dung mau sac, hinh anh de md rpng va dao sau cac y tudng, dugc xay dung va phat trian bdi tac gia Tony Buzan Ban dd tu duy dugc danh gia la cong cu tu duy cua tha ky

21, dugc img dung rdng rai trong tat ca cac linh vuc trong do CQ giao due [2] Sir dung BDTD trong day hpc la mot ky thuat day hpc tich cue, giiip sinh vien phat huy tdi da tinh tich cue, chii ddng, sang tao, kha nang tu duy, ghi nhd, nang kbieu hdi hpa, ddng thdi tao tam li thoai mai, kich thich hung thii hgc tap ciia sinh vien

b/ Quy trinh su dung ban do t u duy de ho t r g viec day hoc theo xemina

- Tim dugc cac chu de phu hgp ndi dung ciia bai giang, cd ngu6n tu lieu diy du

- Phan cong nhiem vu cho cac nhdm sinh vien chuan bi ndi dung semiar, su dung ban

dd tu duy de phan cong

- Cung cap tai liau hoac hudng din tim tai lieu va giai dap thac mSc cua sinh vien trong khau chuan bi

- Xay dung phieu danh gia eac bao cao xemina cua sinh vien

- Giang vien tdng ket van de xemina

* Giang vien sir dung ban do tu duy de xay dung mot bai day theo xemina dugc thilt kl nhu hinh 1

Ngudn Iti^^ tm du li$u

Ddi v&i sinh vien chuan bj mot bdi hgc theo xemina:

Dua vao ehu de xemina cung nhu nhung yeu cau hgc tap tii phia giang vien sinh vien

len ke hoach xay dyng ndi dung xemina Dl tien hanh chuin bi ndi dung xemina sinh vien sir dung ban dd hr duy de xay dung, viec su dun^ ban d l tu duy d& thilt k l c i ndi

dung lien quan den bai hpc dugc minh hpc bang ban dd tu duy nhu hinh 2:

Npi dung 3

Cau h6( th^o lugn

Ni^i dung 2

5 mdm DAN sir DUNG BAN DO TU DUY DE HO TRO DAY HOP THFO

™ j m DOI v d i MON HOA HOC DAI CUONG dTrnt^OBMrnxl^

duy nhu: Cau tao nguyan tir, bang tuan hoan, lien ket hda hpc, dong hda hgc, dung dich

Sau day, chiing tdi xin dua ra mot vi du ve sir dung ban do tu duy vao ho trg viee day

theo xemina trong chuong dung dich phan "Tinh chdt cac dung dich lodng cua cac chdt tan khong di4n li vd khong bay hai"

De chuan hi tdt cho bai day theo phuang phap xemina cd su hd trg cua ban do tu duy thi giang vien va sinh vien can xay dung bai day theo eae budc sau:

- Chu de xemina: Tinh chat cac dung dich loang eiia eae chat tan khdng dien li va khdng bay hai

- Nguon thdng tin tu heu: Giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao, internet, tap chi, ki ylu

- Phac thao dan bai: Sir dung ban dd tu duy de phac thao nhu hinh 3

- Xay dung tieu ehi danh gia cae bao cao xemina

- Hoan thanh xemina: Sau khi hoan thanh kl hoach bang ban d6 tu duy, luu tai lieu dudi dang MS.word (.doe; docx; pdf ) de lam giao an giang day hay dudi dang MS.powerpoint de trinh chieu, dinh hudng thao luan trong gid xemina

CjrgW'OSj uaiSuH'^Ha

I iBh c b i t cic dung djck liiiB° c E i c k c k i t t u t b i n g

_ GaonMm _ ^ ! ^ _ " - i

* Ddi vdi sinh vian xay dung bai ''Tinh chdt cac dung dich loang cua cac chat lan khong dien li vd khong bay haf theo phuong phap xemina cd sir h6 trg cua ban dd tu

duy nhu sau:

Sau khi nhan dugc yeu cau tir phia giang vian, cac nhdm sinh vian tien hanh xay dung ndi dung can xemina theo cac budc:

- Chii de xemina: Tinh chSt cac dung dich loang cua cac chat tan khong dien li va khdng bay hoi

- Ngudn thdng tin tu lieu: Giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao, internet, tap chi khoa hgc, ki ylu

- Phae thao dan bai: Su dung ban do tu duy da phac thao ndi dung can xemina nhu hinh

4; hinh 5

- Hoan thanh xemina: Sau khi hoan thanh xemina bang ban dd tu duy, sinh vien xuit ra dudi dang MS.word (.doc; docx; pdf ) de nop cho giang vien dpc trudc, cho y kiln

va chinh sua Sau khi chinh sua xong, xuit ra dudi dang file MS.powerpoint dl trinh chieu ndi dung trudc Idp

Tinh chut cac dun|> cljch loanK cua cdc chat tun k h d n c tli(n li l i khoDKbav hcri

Hinh 5

6 THUC NGHIEM SUPHAM

6.1 Lira chon dii tugng thuc nghiem

K^^^nS^^n^tt^^',s;i^i^sy^r?'^"^^'

Ml idy y Kien cac thay, co giao giang day trong bo mon

6.2 Chuan bi cho thvc nghiem su- pham

De ehuan hi eho thuc nghiem su pham chung tdi tien hanh:

- Xay dung phiau dieu tra giang vian ve viec ung dung ban dd tu duy vao viec hd trg

day hgc theo xemina Xay dung bang kiem quan sat ky nang boat dgng ciia sinh vien

- Xay dung cac bai cd su dung ban do tu duy vao viec hd trg giang day theo xemina

trong phan hda hgc dai cuong cua trudng Dai hgc Cong nghe Thdng tin va Truyen

thdng - Dai hgc Thai Nguyen de day tran lap thue nghiem

6.3 Ket qua thirc nghiem

Qua dieu tra va lay y kien eua cac thay cd giao, 100% cac y kien deu cho rang viec su

dung ban dd tu duy vao hd trg viec day theo xemina la rat tot, tiet kiem thdi gian, da su

dung, cd tinh sang tao cao va rat linh boat trong day hgc hda hgc dai euong

Qua bang kiem quan sat, lap thuc nghiem sinh vien cd ky nang lam viee phoi hgp theo

nhdm tdt hon, lam viec cd ke hoach khoa hgc, hieu qua hon so vdi lap ddi chung

De danh gia ket qua thirc nghiem su pham ddi vdi sinh vian, sau khi day eae Idp thuc

nghiem (TN) va lap dii ehimg (DC), chung tdi cho sinh vien lam bai kiam tra 15 phut

va 45 phut Cae de kiem tra la cac cau hdi npi dung kiln thiic cac bai trong chuong trinh

hda dai cuong Qua 2 ISn kiem tra, chiing toi thu dugc ket qua nhu sau:

Lap

K12A

K12B

Soi

tirong

TN

DC

S;

so

45

45

So b^c sinh dat diem xi

0

0

0

1

0

0

2

0

0

3

0

0

4

0

0

5

1

10

6

15

13

7

16

15

8

8

5

9

4

2

10

1

0 KET QUA KIEM TRA LAN THU" HAI

Lop

K12A

K12B

Doi

tuong

TN

DC

SI

so

45

45

S6 hQC sinh d

0

0

0

1

0

0

2

0

0

3

0

0

4

0

0

5

1

8

It diem Xi

6

14

15

7

13

14

8

10

6

9

5

2

10

2

0 Qua kit qua thuc nghiem nhan thay Idp thue nghiem cd ket qua tdt hon Idp doi chirng,

tinh gia trj p = 0,03 < 0,05 chung td su khac biet la co y nghTa, tir do ed the khang dinh

viec ap dung ban dd tu duy vao viec hd trg viec hgc theo phuang phap xemina mang lai

hieu qua cao hon so vdi each day hien nay

7, KET LUAN

Qua viec sir dung ban dd tu duy vao hd trg cac bai xemina ehiing toi nhan thay cac im

diem sau:

- Viec ap dung ban do tu duy giiip eho giang vien va sinh vian do tdn thdi gian va cdng

sue trong qua trinh day va hgc theo phuong phap xemina Kich thich nhu cau nhan thiirc,

hihig thii tim toi, sang t?o ciia ngudi hoc, ngudi hpc chu dong tilp thu tri thuc Qua

xemina, tinh tich cue, chu dong, sang tao cua nguoi hoc dugc phat huy, ho thirc su la chu the, la tnmg tam cua qua trinh day hgc

- Ban do tu duy tao dieu kien de cac thanh vien trong Igp lam quen, trao doi, hgp tac voi nhau Gop phan lam tang ban khong khi hieu biet, tin cay, than thien va doan ket giua

cac hgc vien Tag khong khi Idp hgc soi dgng, hao hirag Gitip nguoi hgc hieu bai va

khac sau tri thuc

- Ky thuat day hg_c su dung ban do tu duy c6 tinh sang tao cao va r^t linh hoat trong qua trinh day hgc, ho trg de gop phan nang cao chat lugng day hgc theo phuang phap xemina 6 cac truong Dai hgc

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[1] Biii Thi Hanh (2010) Ung dung cong nghe thong tin va truyen thong trong day hoc

Hoa hoc Hihi co a Cao dang va Dai hoc, Luan an tiin si, Truong DHSP Ha Npi

[2] Tony Buzan (2008) Sa dd lit duy, NXB T6ng hgp - TP H6 Chi Minh

[3] Dang Thj Oanh, Duong Huy Cin (2007) T6 chiic xemma theo tai lieu tu hpc co

huong dan nham ang cuirag tu hoc, tu nghien cuu cho smh vien Tap chi Giao due

Title: USING MIND MAP TO SUPPORT SEMINAR-BASED TEACHING OF GENERAL

CHEMISTRY AT ENGINEERING UNTVERSITIES

Abstract: In engineering universities without chemistty major, general chemistry is taken by

students dunng then first year Students face lots of difficulties in leaming general chemistty

because they mitially get themselves familiar with studying at universities and have not had an

appropriate leammg method Mind Map is an effective tool to systemize thinking in images and

keywords comiecled to one another with hnks The article provides teachers and students with

msmiciions to use mind maps in order to support seminar - based teaching of general chemistty

a engineering universities The use of mind map in conjunction widi seminar helps teache^

T^IT^- r " " " ' "'""''"">' " "''^'''"«' ' " " " " 8 " ^"""'"'^ '<> • " ^ ™ - e their crcatvi,^

sTdrn't-s^i^Tm^grr-"' ^""""^ ^' ^"^^ "=='= ^^^^'•'"°*'' '"• ^ = «

-Keywords: mind map, seminar, teaching methods, genemi chemistty Engineering University

ThS NGUYEN NGOC TUAN

Tracmg Bai hpc Cong nghe thong tin va TruySn thong - Dai hpc Thai Nguyen

PGS TS TRAN TRUNG NINH

Khoa Hoa hoc, Truong Dai hoc Su pham Ha Npi

Email: tranlrunminhfe-ni^.l „„, hoac mnhtna'hnue.cdi, vn