100 '''' Tgp chi Tam ly hpc xS hpi so 5, 5 2015 MOT SO Yeu TO ANH HUONG DEN PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TICH CUC BOI VOI MON L( LUAN DAY HOC d TRUONG DAI HOC SU PHAM KY THUAT TP H 6 CH''''I MINH Vo Thi Ngpc Lan Tru[.]
Trang 1MOT SO Yeu TO ANH HUONG DEN PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC TICH CUC BOI VOI MON L( LUAN DAY HOC d TRUONG DAI HOC SU PHAM KY THUAT TP H 6 CH'I MINH
Vo Thi Ngpc Lan
Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ky thuat Tp Ho Chi Minh
TOM TAT
Bdi viet ndy tap trung phdn tich hgi yiu td dnh hu&ng co tinh quyet dinh cho viec van dung ky thugt dgy hpc tich cue trong mdn Li ludn dgy hpc tgi Tru&ng Dgi hpc Su phgm Ky thugt Tp Ho Chi Minh Kit qud khdo sdt tic 50 sinh vien vi dpng ca hpc tdp vd tinh tich arc hpc tgp cho thdy: Sinh viin dg co dpng ca hpc tgp tir chinh bdn thdn cdc em, nhung chi m&i the hien trong nhgn thirc: tinh tich cue hpc tap chi biiu hiin & mice dp trung binh cd nghia Id m&i chi "thinh thodng" hay "it khi" thuc hiin ldm theo mdu ciia gido vien hay bgn
be, tim tdi vd sdng tgo
Tir khda: Yeu to dnh hu&ng: Dpng ca hpc tdp: Tinh tich arc hpc tap:
Ngay nhan bai: 2/2015; Ngay duyet dang bdi: 20/4/2015
1 Dat vin d l
Van dyng ky thuat day hpe Id nham phdt huy tfnh tieh cue hpc tap d sinh vign (SV), ciing nhu tao dieu kign eho SV phdt trien dflng thdi ed 4 nang lye (nang lyc chuygn mdn, nang lyc phuomg phdp, nang lye xa hfli va nang luc ed nhan) Tinh tfeh cye hpe tap vl thyc chdt la tinh tich eye nhan thuc, dac tnmg
d khat vpng hieu biet, cfl gang tti lye vd ed nghi lyc cao ttong qua trinh ehilm Hnh tti thuc Tinh tich cue nhan thuc ttong boat dpng hpc tap ben quan trude hit vdi dpng co hpc tdp Dgng ca diing tao ra hftng thii va hiing thu Id tiln d l eua ty giac
Mfln Li ludn day bpc Id mflt ttong sfl cde mfln eo ban thupc khfli kiln thue su
Trang 2101
su pham ky thuat eiia trudng sau khi tot nghifp Nhung boat ddng giang day mdn Li luan day hpc cdn gap khdng it ttd ngai nhu: smh vifn chua phat huy tinh tt'ch eye, ty giac, tu luc Sfl sinh vien hpc lai hay chi dat dilm trung buihvin tiep diln Nhim gdp phin cdi thifn tinh hinh tten, ttong 2 nam gin ddy ehung tdi da thft nghigm v|n dyng ky thuat day hpc tt'ch cue ttong gidng day mdn Li lu$n d?y hgc d Trudng Dai hpc Su pham Ky thuat Tp Hfl Chi Minh Nhim xac dinh chmh xac ve dpng co hpc tap va tinh tich cye hpc tdp cua sinh vifn ttpng hpc tap mfln Li ludn day hpc, chiing tfli da tiln hdnh khdo sdt ttong 50 SV thuflc 4 nhdm dang hpe ttong hpe ky II nam hpe 2014 -2015
2 Mpt so yeu to anh huwng co ^ nghia quyet dinh den vifc van diing ky thuat day hoc tich cure
2,1 B^ng cff hgc tap ciia sinh vien
Kgt qud khdo sat dpng co hpe tap eua sinh vign dupc phan dnh qua bang sl ligu sau:
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Bang 1: Dflng cg hpc tap cua sinh vign hpe mfln Li luan
Bieu hien ctia dong ca hoc tSp
Nhan
thtrc
ciia
sinh
vien
Cach
thiJc
dang
ky
Hoc tot mon nay d£ lam hai long
cha me/ thay co
Hoc t6t mon nay de nhan dugc
hoc bong
Hoc tit mon nay d6 nam vimg kiln
thirc ca sd v8 su pham lam nen
tang cho viec hoc cac mon SP sau
Mon hpc nay toan ly thuySt,
nham chan
Hoc m6n nay chi hoc cho qua
Mon hgc nay la mon hpc phu
trong chuyen nganh dao tao
Chi dang ky mon hpc theo ljch
hgc ciia lap
Tim hilu vl mon hpc trudc khi
dang ky mon hoc nay
day hpe Ket qua Dongy
SL
28
24
47
15
10
10
17
27
%
56
48
94
30
20
20
34
54
Phan van
SL
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
%
0
0
0
0
6
2
0
0
Khe din
SL
22
26
3
35
32
34
33
23
"g
g y
%
44
52
6
70
64
68
66
46
BTB
2,01 1,96
2,46
1,60
1,24
^ 1,36 1,68 2,08
Trang 39
10
11
12
13
14
mon
hpc
Hinh
thiic
hgc
tap
Dang ky theo ban ciing ldp
Xem lai cdc mdn da hgc vd chua
hgc trudc khi dang ky m6n hgc
niiy ttong s6 tay sinh vien
Tham gia hgc tren lop chi mSt
thdi gian
Mon h(?c nay chi can cham chi
bgc tai nha
Phong each va nhirng thiic hanh
dOng nho cua GV va SV uong
cac tinh huong hanh dgng nho
(KTDH) tjo hiins thi cho SV
Tham gia hgc tren lop khong chi
tiep thu kiln thuc mon LLDH ma
con tich luy kinh nghiem vSn
dung KNDH
24
30
2
5
44
49
48
60
4
10
88
98
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
4
0
0
26
19
48
43
6
1
52
38
96
86
12
2
1,96 2,22
1,08
1,24
2,76
2,96
Ghi chii: 1< DTB <3
Khi xem xet vg dpng eo hpc tap cua SV, chung tdi dua tten 3 ygu td chinh
Id nhan thfte vg bpc mdn Li ludn day hpc, each thuc dang ky mdn hpe vd hinh thuc hgc t|p Trong moi yeu tfl diu dua ra nhiing nhdn dinh de nham xac dinh
vg dpng CO hpc tap duge xudt phat tu chinh SV hay tu bfln ngoai tac dpng Tu ket qud d bang I cho thiy SV cd ndi ddng ca hpc tap kha eao Cd 94% SV da xac dinh hpc eho chinh ban than minh la d l ndm vftng kiln thfte ca sd vl su pham lam ngn tdng cho vifc hgc cac mfln su pham sau nay (DTB = 2,46) Ylu tfl thi hien sy ehan ndn ttong hgc tap hay dinh kign v l mfln Lf ludn day hpc bi nhilu SV phdn dfli (1,24 < DTB <1,60)
Thflng qua cdch thuc dang ky mfln hpc, da ed dgn 60% SV xem lai eac mdn
da hpc vd chua hgc trudc khi dang ky mfln hpc ndy ttong sd tay sinh vign (DTB = 2,22) Bgn canh do SV cdn tim hieu vg mdn hpc trude khi dang ky mfln hpc nay vdi digm trung binh kha cao 2,08
Sinh vien nhdn thuc dugc tim quan ttpng eua viec hgc ttgn ldp cd y nghTa khdng chi linh hpi tri thue md hpe ngay kinh nghigm vg su pham tu ngudi thiy, dae bigt la nhftng KTDH gido vign van dyng teen ldp (2,76 < DTB < 2,96)
3.2 Tinh tieh cue hgc tap cda sinh vien
Trong gidng day mfln Ly luan day hpc chung tdi da van dyng thudng xuygn
Trang 4ky thudt dat edu hdi va so d l tu duy Cac ky thuat day hpc ndy dupe phfli hgp thuc hien ttong eac phuong phap day hpe nhu phuang phdp dam thoai, phuomg phap dat vd gidi quyet van df, phucmg phdp boat dflng nhdm vd phucmg phdp ddng vai
Vdi nhirng phuomg phap day hpc vd cy thf la cdc ky thuat d?y hpc ndy giiip smh vign tap ra dugc h'nh tich eye hpc tip d 3 mftc dfl tu thip nhit Id bit ttudc, tilp din la tun tdi vd cao nhdt la sang tao Qua quan sat cdc gid thyc nghigm vdn thiy sinh vien it tap trung hay ldm vife rigng; ttong hoat dpng nhdm vin cd khoang thdi gian "chgt" vd bau khdng khi ldp hpe ehua sdi dpng Bgn canh dd, eung cdn mflt sfl it SV vang mat Nhdm tim edu trd ldi vi sao din din nhftng bign trang nay, chiing tdi da khao sdt muc dp tt'ch cue hpe tap ciia SV ddi vdi vifc van dyng ky tudt day hpc tieh eye Kgt qud khdp sat the bign d bdng sau: Bang 2: Anh hudng tinh tfch eye hpc tap cua sinh vign dgn vifc van dyng ky
thudt day hpc tich cue
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Cac bigu hien
Bit
chudc
Tim
toi
On lai va lam bai tap
theo GV hay ban da lim
Tham gia thao luan
trong nhom, trinh bay
toan bo ki£n thuc CO
trong tai lifiu
Dpc tai lieu hay thu thap
theo yeu cau ciia GV
Tham gia thSo luan
trong nhom, trinh bay
torn lupc/he th6ng kiln
thuc CO trong tai lieu
Doc them cac tai ligu
hay thdng tin lifin quan
den mon LLDH
Trao doi thong tin voi
Cac mitc dO
R thu
xu
SL
0
2
5
8
6
6
k
cmg /fin
%
0
4
10
16
12
12
Thudng xuyfin
SL
10
25
23
15
24
23
%
20
50
46
30
48
46
Thinh thoang
SL
36
20
17
24
14
17
%
72
40
34
48
28
34
ft khi
SL
4
3
5
2
6
4
%
8
6
10
4
12
8
Khong bao gio
SL
0
0
0
1
0
0
%
0
0
0
2
0
0
BTB
3,01
3,64
3,56
2,54
3,6
3,62
Trang 57
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Sang
tao
giao vien trong va ngoat
gio hoc hay hpc hoi
kinh nghidm ctja ban be
Quan sat hoat dpng day
cija GV trong thirc tiln
day hpc
Nghi ngo kien thtrc den
tir thay co, sach, giao
trinh
Khong chap nhan kien
thi^c khi chua tim hieu
va CO chiing cij ro rang
Sang lpc nhSng thong
tin va tranh luan doi vdi
cac thong tin dS duoc
nhifiu ban d6ng ^
Tham gia thao luan
trong nhom, lap luan va
dua vt du minh hoa
Tu giai quyet van dfi
theo each rifing ciia
minh
Tir dat clu hoi vi sao ?
Tao sao ,? va tim cau
tta loi
Thiet kfi bai thuyfit ttinh
ca nhln hay nhom theo
each lap luin rigng
1
0
6
0
3
3
8
2
2
0
12
0
6
6
16
4
4
9
29
1
14
18
13
17
8
18
56
2
28
36
26
34
26
13
13
3
17
19
20
21
52
26
26
6
34
38
40
42
16
24
2
18
16
10
9
10
32
48
4
36
32
20
18
20
0
0
0
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
56
0
0
0
0
2,62
2,46
3,78
1,54
3,28
3,28
3,2
3,2
Ghi chii: (1< DTB < 5) Tinh tich cue hoc tap chi a mtic trung binh vi muc do bieu hien tinh tich cue hgc tap cua SV trong so duoc khao sat tir bat chuac, den tim toi va sau cung la sang tao vcri diem trung binh tap trung phan Ian tu 2,46 < DTB < 3,64 Rieng trong bieu hien "Khong chap nhan kien thuc khi chua tim hieu va co chung cu ro rang" co diem trung binh cao nhat la 3,78 Nguac lai ve bi^u hien
"Sang lpc nhirng thong tin va tranh luan doi vai cac thong tin da dugc nhilu
Trang 6bjn ddng y" l?i chi khigm tdn vdi DTB ehi la 1,54, cd nghla la SV khdng thye
hifn bilu hifn nay mpt ldn ndo hoac chi thyc hifn mpt vdi lin
Qua phan tich 2 ylu td dnh hudng chinh dgn vifc van dyng ky thudt day hpc
tich cue la dflng eg hpe tap va tinh tfch cue ciia SV ttong hpc mfln Lf luan day
hpc cho thdy da sfl sinh vign mdi chi ed dpng co hpe tap ttong nhdn thiic,
song, ttong thuc tiln cac boat dpng thg hign tinh tich eye chua bflc Ip ro dpng
CO hpe tdp
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Bp gido due va dao tao Dy dn Vigt - Bi (2010), Dgy vd hpc tich cue - Mpt
sdphuangphdp vd ki thudt dgy hpc, NXB Dai hpe Su pham Ha Nfli
2 Bemd Meier va Nguygn Van Cudng (2012), Ly ludn dgy hpc hien dgi - Ca
sa dpi m&i muc tieu, npi dung vd phuang phdp dgy hpc, NXB Dgi hpc Su
phgm, Hd Npi
3 Dang Thdnh Hung (2002), Dgy hpc hien dgi - Li ludn Bien phdp KT thudt,
NXB Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Ndi, Ha Npi
4 Vd Thi Ngpc Lan (2013), Dgy hpc thep ky thudt dgy hqc tich cue mon
Phuang phdp nghien cicu khog hpc gido due Truang Dgi hpc Su phgm Ky
thudt TP HP Chi Minh, Dg tdi nghign cihi khoa hpe cap trudng, Trudng DH
SPKT TPHCM
5 PGS TS Vu Hdng Tign (2009), "Mflt sfl phuong phap day hpc tich cye"