Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S6 65 ndm 2014 DO TOC DO OQC NOI d TRE MAU GIAO (tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh)'''' TRAN THI H6NG VAN'''' TOM TAT Di gdp phdn can thiep tri lieu dm ngit cho tre mdm non cd rdi logn d[.]
Trang 1DO TOC DO OQC - NOI d TRE MAU GIAO
(tai Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh)'
TRAN THI H 6 N G VAN'
TOM TAT
Di gdp phdn can thiep tri lieu dm ngit cho tre mdm non cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi dgt hieu qud, mdt trong nhiing viec cdn lam Id do tde dg dgc - ndi ciia tre Tde gid ke thira kT thugt do tde do dgc - ndi tu cdc nghien cuu tren the gidi de tien hdnh thi^rc hien ddi vdi tre mdu gido d Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Gid tri cua viec ddnh gid toe do dgc - ndi cho phep chiing ta ddnh gid dnh hudng cua nd den khd ndng phdt dm, mirc do de hiiu, chdt giong va
dg luu lodt cua ldi ndi
Tir khda: rdi loan ldi ndi, ldi phat im, toe dd dpc- ndi, im ngii tri li?u, mau giao
ABSTRACT
Determining speech rate of preschool children
(in Ho Chi Minh City)
This article explores Techniques to determine speech-rate in preschool children Through a survey of the speech rate of preschool children speaking Vietnamese in Ho Chi Minh city, it is concluded that the rates of speech are indices that can be measured To achieve the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions for children who have speech sound disorders, we should consider the impact of the "rate of speech" on the level of understandability of children's speech
Keywords: ^speech sound disorders, articulation errors, rate of speech, speech
language therapy, kindergarten
\ Van de do toe d^ doc - ndi if tre
Hien nay, tai cac nude phat trien,
viec xac lip quy trinh ngii im d tre mim
non, ddng thdi xay dung phac dd can
thiep tri lieu khdng cdn mdi me, nhung d
Viet Nam, do la dieu cdn bd ngd [1] Dd
tai can thi^p chinh am cho tre mim non
khd khan v^ am ldi ndi la vin d^ mang
tinh thdi su, ma d Viet Nam rat cin mpt
nghien ciiu toan dien, bai ban hon \h vin
de nay
Song song vdi vi|c chinh im, cin
phat trien ngon ngii va miic dp de hiiu
cua igi ndi d tre [3] [6] [9] Tde dp ndi,
tde dp dpc, tde dp ke anh hudng true tiep dSn chit lugng thu nhan tin [9, tr.l76-178] Tde dp dpc - ndi d mdi ngudi khac nhau, cd ngudi ndi nhanh nhung rit dl nghe va ciing cd ngudi ndi cham nhung lai rat khd nghe, hoac ngugc lai Tam quan trpng ciia viec do tde dp dpc - ndi khdng phai la de so sanh nd vdi tieu chuin dinh miic; ma nham cho biSt tde
do ndi la binh thudng hay nhanh hon binh thudng, hay chim hon binh thuoTig Ket qua ciia viec danh gia tde dp dpc -ndi giup cho viec xem xet anh hudng ciia
nd den kha nang giao tidp d tre [9,
HVCH, Tru-dng Bai hoc Su pham TPHCM
Trang 2pp.176-178] Viec so sanh toe do dgc
d-nhirng tre bi rdi loan am ldi ndi vdi
nhimg tre binh thudng giup ngudi can
thi^p tim ki6m bien phap, bai tap cai
thien tde dp dpc - ndi d tre, nham dam
bao miic dp de hieu ciia ldi ndi
Hien nay, d Viet Nam, chua cd
nghien cuu nao chi ra tde dp dpc trung
binh 6 tre mim non ndi tieng Viet Trong
khi dd, d cac nude tien tien, kT thuat do
toe do dpc, ndi cua tre la boat dpng
thudng xuyen trong viec ho trg tre cd roi
loan im ldi ndi Nam 2009, cac tac gia
Kenneth G Shipley, Julie G McAfee
trong quyen Assessment in
Speech-Language Pathology: A Resource
Manual (4nd ed.), Delmar Cengage
Learning (USA), ben canh viec mo ta rit
rd each sang Igc, danh gia cac benh li lien
quan din ldi ndi, cung nhu quy trinh can
thiep, tri lieu da ddng thdi chi dan rd kT
thuat do tde dp dpc - ndi d tre em va d
ngudi ldn Cd t\\h tdm luge kT thuit do
nhu sau:
Chuin bi may ghi im ghi lai "mau"
ldi ndi ciia tre khi tre ke nhiing ciu
chuyen, dpc tho, ddng dao
Phdi hgp vdi ngudi true tiep nudi
day tre de liy nhutig "miu" ldi ndi ciia
tre trong giao tiSp h§ng ngay
Tiiy vao dp dai ciia "mau" - 60
giay, 120 giay, hoac ngan hon, hoac dai
hon ma each thirc tinh toe dp dpc, ndi
cung khac nhau [9,tr.l76-178]
Tde dp dpc trung binh (sd tir dugc
ndi trong mdt phut) dugc viet tit la WPM (words per minute) [9, tr.l76-178]
•> De tmh WPM, neu "mlu" dai 60 giay, dem so tir tre noi, ta diro'c so WPM Vi du, 200 tir dugc ndi trong vdng 60 giay la 200 WPM
• Neu "mau" dai hoac ngan hon 60 giay
WPM^ so tir X (sd gidy trong 1 phiit^sdgidy "mdu")
Vi du: thdi gian: 20 giiy, sd tir tre noi: 62 tir, WPM= 62 x (60-20)= 186
*l* Do tin cay Idn hon trong tinh
toan WPM cd the bang each thu thap nhieu "mau"
WMP = Sd tir ^ (sd gidy trong 3 phut ^ tdng sd gidy cua 3 "mdu ")
(n6u 4 "miu" thi WMP= Sd tir x
(so giiy trong 4 phut -^ tdng so giiy ciia 4
"mau"))
Vi du: Cd 3 "mau" thdi gian la 20,
25, va 30 giay, tdng cdng 75 giay Sd tir trong cac mau tuong img la 15, 20, va 25,
tdng cpng 60 tir WMP-60 X (18(K75) = 144
2 Kit qua do toe do doc cua tre mau giao
Chiing tdi tien hanh do toe dp ldi ndi cua 15 be binh thudng (10 be trai, 5
be gai) khong bi roi loan im ldi ndi va 3
be dugc chin doan cd rdi loan am ldi ndi (2 be trai, 1 be gai) dupe chin doan cd rdi loan am ldi ndi Ket qua thu dugc nhu sau:
Trang 3Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
Bdng 1 Tde do ke chuyen a tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi
Lua tuoi: 3;6 - Gidi tinh: Nam
Tre binh thirtmg
Ten
TD
QM
MT
HH
CT
Tir/ giay
139/164
131/124
181/224
153/152
188/177
WPM trung binh
WPM 50.85 63.39 48.48 60.39 63.73
57
Tre CO roi loan am 161 noi Tin
DH Tir/ giay
106//263
WPM
24
24
TesI: truyen Co be qudng khdn do (tri: xem Iranh vd ke lgi chuyen)
Cach tinh: WPM =so tir x(60-i- so giay) (**)
Bdng 2 Toe do ke chuyen d tre binh thuang vd tre co roi logn dm ldi noi
Lira tuoi: 3,9 - Giai tinh: Nu
Tre binh thntmg
Ten
TA
NM
NH
GH
BH
Tir/ giay
146/131
150/116
158/138
178/U9
151/133
WPM trung binh
WPM 66.8 77.6 68.7 89.7 68.1
74
Tre CO r6i lo^n am IM noi Ten
LP
list giay
135/121
WPM
70
70
TesI: truyen Cd be qudng khdn dd (Ire xem tranh vd ke lgi chuyen)
Cach tinh: WPM =s6 tir x(60+ so giay) (**)
Bang 3 Tde do ke chuyin d tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi
Lua tuoi: 4;8 (*) - Gioi tinh: Nam
Tre binh thu-ong
Ten
TA
BB
HC
LD
AE
Ttr/ giay
180/130
172/135
177/122
204/143
93/86
WPM trung binh
WPM 83.07 76.44 87.05 85.6 64.88
79
TesI: Iruyen Co be qudng khdn do (Ire xem
Cach tinh: WPM =s6 ttr x(60-i- so giay) (
Tre CO roi loan T§n
KM TCr/ giay
119/124
am IM noi WPM
58
58
Iranh vd ke lgi ehuyen)
")
Trang 4Bdng 4 Tde do ki chuyen a tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi
Lua tudi: 3;6 (*) - Gioi tinh: Nam
Tre binh thu-Mig
Ten
CT
TD
MT
QM
KH
ThM gian (giay)
28.5
29.9
24.3
27.5
28.7
WPM trung binh
WPM 84.21 80.27 98.77 87.27 83.62
87
TesI ddng dao "Nu na nu nong " (64 chir
Tre CO roi loan am IM noi Ten
DH ThM gian (giay)
25.8
WPM 93.02
93
' dogn)
Cach tinh: WMP = So tir x (120 + long so giay (**)
Bang 5 Tde do ke chuyen a tre binh thudng vd tre cd rdi logn dm ldi ndi
Lira tuoi: 3:9 (*) - Giai tinh: Nir
Tre binh thu-Mlg
Ten
BH
GH
NH
NM
TA
ThM gian (giay)
27+ 19=46
23+19=42
22+24=46
20+19=39
35+27= 62
WPM Trung binh
WPM 166.96 182.86 166.96 196.92 123.87
168
Tre CO roi loan am IM noi Ten
LP ThM gian (giay)
28+15=43
WPM 178.6
179
TesI ddng dao "Nu na nu ndng " (64 chir, 2 dogn)
Cach tinh: WMP = So tir x (120 + tong so giay ) (**)
Bang 6 Tde do ki chuyen a tre binh thuang vd tre cd rdi logn dm lai ndi
Lua tudi: 4;8 (*) - Gidi tinh: Nam
Tre binh thuong
Ten
HC
BB
LD
TA
AE
ThM gian (giay)
31+22=53
27+21=48
21+19=40
27+17=44
35+21=56
WPM trung binh
WPM 153.96
170
204 185.5 145.7
172
Tre CO roi loan 3m IM noi Ten
KM ThM gian (giay)
24.4+24 =48.4
WPM 168.6
169
TesI dong dao "Nu na nu nong" (64 chir 2 doan)
Cach tinh: WMP = So tir x (120 + t8ng s6 giay ) (**)
Trang 5Ghi chu: Tit ca tre dugc khao sat
dhu la tre mim non binh thudng a Thanh
phd H6 Chi Minh, ndi tieng Viet, cd ba
me ndi tiSng Viet Tit ca cac tre deu
khdng cd di tat anh hudng den ldi noi va
ngon ngu (khiSm khuyet d bp may phat
ira, tu ki, khiSm thinh, sirt mdi - hd
vdm )
(*): 3;6: 3 tudi 6 thing, 3;9: 3 tudi
9 thing, 4;8: 4 tudi 8 thing
(**): Cac sd lieu da dupe lam trdn
3 Mgt so nhan xet ban dau
Nhin chung, tde dp k^ chuyen trung
binh cua tre binh thudng (nhom thii nhit)
vdi tre bi roi loan ira ldi ndi (nhdm thii
hai) d ca ba nhom liia tudi: 3;6, 3;9, 4;8
cd su chenh lech nhau rit ro Ci nhdra tre
khong cd rdi loan am loi noi, toe dp ke
nhanh hem nhom tre cd rdi loan im ldi
ndi 6 nhdm be trai, su chenh lech tuong
ddi ldn 6 nhdm be gai su chenh lech
khong nhieu
Nguoc lai, tde dp dpc tho ciia nhdm
tre cd rdi loan am ldi ndi d hai liia tuoi
3;6 tudi va 3,9 tuoi (ci trai va gal) lai
nhanh ban d nhdm tre.khdng ed roi l o ^
im 161 ndi Nhdm tre con lai (trai, 4;8) tudi) sir chenh lech khdng dang ke Trong qua trinh khao sit, chiing tdi nhan thiy d nhdm thii nhit, khi dpc ddng dao, tre thudng dpc dien cam, thudng xuyen len xuong gipng, cd IS vi vay ma toe dp dpc cua nhdm tre nay cham hon nhdm tre cd rdi loan am loi ndi
Pham vi khao sat, cd mau nhu tren chua du ldn nen chiing tdi khd cd the dua
ra nhiing nhin dinh cd tinh khai quit
4 Ket luan
Nghien cuu nay mdi chi li ban mo
ta tdm tat each "do am" va tinh tde dp dpc ciia tre raam non So lieu tren chi cd the cung cap nhiing cii lieu va bg cdng cu can yeu, lam nen tang cho mpt nghien cihi sau rpng han Toe dp dpc - ndi d tre
la mpt chi so cd the "do" dugc Viec can thiep tri lieu cho tre cd rdi loan am ldi noi
se hieu qua va toan dien han neu chiing ta
cd xet den su anh hudng cua tde dp dpc -ndi d tre den miic dp de hieu ciia ldi noi
va hieu qua giao dep
Nghien ciiu nay ducrc thye hien duoi su hudng din ciia PGS TS Nguyin Thj Ly Kha
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguyin Thi Ly Kha, Pham Hai Le (2014), "Ldi phat im am tiet thudng gap d tre 2
-4 tudi (tai TP Ho Chi Minh)-4;, Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hgc Supham TPHCM,
(57),tr.9-21
2 Nguyin Thi Ly Kha (2010), "Sir can thi^t cua npi dung tri lieu ngdn ngii cho tre
mam non trong chuong trinh dao tao va boi duong giao vien mam non", Tgp chi Ngdn ngu, (6), tT.60-63
3 Nguyin Thj Ly Kha, Pham Hai Le (2014), "Xay dung bang tir lugng gia am ldi noi
cua tre em ndi tieng Viet", Nhan biit, chdn dodn va can thiep cdc rdi hgn chuyen biet hgc tap d hgc sinh, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc gia TPHCM, tr.270-279
Trang 64 Ha Thi Kim Y^n (2010), "Hoat dpng can thiep tam li va am ngir doi vdi tre cd khd
khan giao tiSp", Tai lieu Hoi thao Tdm li hgc lam sdng Viet - Phdp, Benh vien Nhi
Ddng 1 - Sd Y te Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh, TPHCM ngay 25-26/10/2010
5 Austin Hodson B W., Hodson assessment of phonological patterns (3rd ed.), TX:
Pro-Ed, (2004), Austin
6 Bishop, Dorothy V.M, Leonard, Laurence B (2014), Speech and Language Impairments in Children, Psychology Press, New York
7 Dodd B., Hua Z., Crosbie S., Holm A., Ozarme A (2002), Diagnostic evaluation of articulation and phonology (DEAP), TX: Hareourt, San Antonio
8 Fluharty N.B (2009), Fluharty 2: Fluharty preschool speech and language screening test, TX: Pro-Ed
9 Kenneth G Shipley, Julie G McAfee (2009), Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology: A Resource Manual (4nd ed), Delmar Cengage Leaming, USA
10 Stevens, N., and Isles, D (2007), Phonological screening assessment U.K.: Speechmark, Bicester, Oxon
(Ngiy Tda soan nhin du^c bai: 15-10-2014; ngiy phin bi6n danh gii 15-12-2014;
ngiy chip nhin dSng 22-12-2014)