DaijyaHpC s611 2015 31 VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP BAN TAY NAN BOT TRGNG DAY HOC DIA LYLdP 6 \h 3 3 '''' ThS NCS NGUYiN THI NGA LDATVAND^ Bin lay ngn bfit Id mpt chiln Idge ve giao dye khoa hge ddyc Gido sy Geo[.]
Trang 131 VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP BAN TAY NAN BOT
TRGNG DAY HOC DIA LYLdP 6
LDATVAND^
Bin lay ngn bfit Id mpt chiln Idge ve giao dye khoa hge ddyc
Gido sy Geo^er Charpak (ngyiri Phiqi) sdng tgo ra phdt trien lfl nam
1995 dfla tiln co sd khoa hpc cia sy fim tfii - nghien cflu cho phep
dip flng nhflng ylu cau dgy hge mdi Ngay sau khi ra ddi phdcfng
p h ^ ban tay ngn bfit (PPBTNB) da ddyc vgn dyng, phat trien va
cfi inh hddng sdu rfing khfing chi d P h ^ Canada, My ma eon d
nhilu m ^ c khic ed nln gido dye tifin tiln tren till gidi
"Bin tay ngn bfit" ddyc xem Id mfit mfi hinh giao dye tyong
dfii m<M tii&i till gidi cfi ten Ulng Anh Id "Hands On", tilng P h ^
cflng dyyc eoi li mfit trong nhflng PP dgy hge hifin dai, cfi nhilu du
diem trong vific kieh tiileh tinh tfi mfi ham ml khdm pha khoa hpc,
rfin Iuyln ki nang dien dgt ngfin ngfl ndi vd viet cua hpc sinh (HS)
PPBT^ffl t ^ trung phdt trien kha nang nhin tiifle cia HS gjup cdc
em khao khat muon tim ra ldi gidi ddp cho nhflng thac mac nghi van
eia bin thin bang each ty dgt minh vio tinh hufing thfle te, tfl dd
khdm phd ra bdn diit vin dl
Thye chat mfi hinh giao due mdi nay la mfit he thfing gfim nhilu
PP dgy hpc tkh eye khie nhau vcri mye tieu dgy cikfi/loc dio HS, tgo
ed hfii eho HS dyyc lim, dyyc thyc hifin vific khdm phi, tim tfii kien
tiiflc hinh tliinh vd phdt triln kl n i i ^ hgc tip cfla minh Bdi xuat
phdt ti^I i ^ y $ n vpng cua ngydi hpe muon dyyc "ldm" chfl hp khfing
xem, idmi tdi nhd dU^c %20, hdy cho tdi ldn tdi biit minh nen ldm ff
vd ldm nhu thi ndo?" Nhd vdy nhifim vu eia ngddi gido vien (GV) Id
nln dgy cho HS cich hge each txi tgp, sang tgo ehfl khflng phai day
eho HS each bat chddc He thong cac PP dgy hgc tich cdc md G V d i
dfing nao, PP thi nghifim deu efi mpt ylu d u GV phai tao ra tinh
dl d l di den kit tugn vl van d l d6.giflp tgo lgp eho HS tiioi quen Iam
van dl Diy eung ehinh Id myc tieu eua PPBTNB Myc tilu ndy rat
giii quylt Do vgy, GV phai hinh thinh cho HS ki nang tfl phat hifin
vd giai quyet van dl qua cde bai hgc cy till ngay tfl cap hge tilu hpc
Mfin dja ly d tnidng THCS cd nfii dung ddyc ehia Ihardi nhieu
phan khac nhau d eic khfii tdp Nfii dung tim hieu ve Trai dat vd cdc
tiiinh phin cia Tlii dit (ldp 6), mfii tiildng ty nhiln vi mfli tiildng
(tdp 8), dja ly Vifit Nam 0dp 9) Vdi ngi dung da d g i ^ phong phu va
tiiien ve nghien eflu cde hifin tdyng sy vgt Uting ty nhien cung tie
xa hfii Hon nfla tixing qua trinh nhgn tiiflc tii tiiflc dia If, vific hinh
tiiinh bieu tdyng dja ly cho HS la vific khfi va hel sflc quan tnjng Bdi
viecEnh hpi tri tiiflc khoa hpc dja ly cho HS, vifie hinh tiianh cac khai
nifim bit dau tfl vific hinh dianh cho HS hfi tiifing bieu tflgng dja ly
PPDH tich eflc d l tiln hinh hinh thdnh hfi thoi^ bieu tdgng dia ly
lugt phit Irien tiji nhien mgt each chin tiifle, khoa hge vd efi hfi tiiong Nhd vgy, vific vgn dyng PPBTNB vao dgy hpc dja ly nfii chung, dia }y
tdp 6 ndi rifing cfi nhilu thudn lyi hfln so vdi ede mfin hge kMe nhd van, toin, ljch sfl khfii^ chl d nfii dung chdcmg trinh md cdn d PPBTNB vao gidng dgy ddyc tfit va thugn Igi hon, nhit ta trong ede
bdi hpc eo npi dung kiln tiiflc ly tiiuylt vi Dja ly Ty nhiln Dgi cddng
II MOT s d VAN oi CO BAN VA CACH VAN DUNG PPBTNB
TRONG DAY HOC DjA LY 6 THCS
1 Khai niem va muc tieu cua PPBTNB
1.1 Khdi niim PPBTNB
- PPBTNB id mfit PPDH tich cyc dfla trfin dii nghifim tim
toi-nghifin eflu, ap dyng cho vific gidng dgy cae mfin khoa hge ty nhiln
- PPBTNB chi trgng den vific hinh tiidnh kiln tiiflc cho HS bang cac thi nghifim tim tdt nghien cflu de chinh ede em tim ra eiu tra I^ nghifim, quan sit, i ^ l n eflu tdi lifiu hay dilu tra
- Cung nhd eae PPDH tieh eflc khic, PPBTNB lufin coiHSla inu^ tam cia qud trinh nhdn tiifle, ehinh eic em li ngddi tim ra cau trd ldi vi linh hfii kiln thflc ddfii sd giup dd cua G Y
1.2 Muc tieu cua PPBTNB
Muc tieu ed ban cua PPBTNB la tgo nln tinh to mdi ham mufin
kham ptid vd say ml khoa hpc cua HS Ngodi vific chu tiQng den kiln
thflc Idioa hpc, PPBTNB cfin ehu y ntiieu din vific ren luyfin ky nai^ dien dat thfing qua ngfin ngfl ndi vd viet eho HS
2 Dac dilm vi mfii quan he gifla PPBTNB vori cdc PPDH khac
Thye tl cho thiy, qui trlnh doi mdi PPDH d trfldng pho tiifing
GV dd ddge tiep e|n nghien eflu ve mat li thuylt vd van dyng trong cfing tic nhilu PP vd ki diuit dgy hgc eung nhfl cae hinh tiiflc to ehfle dgy hgc mfiii, tich eflc nhfl PPDH gidi quyel van dl PP Grap,dgy hge theo hflp dfing, PPDH dy dn ; mfit so ki thuit dgy hpc nhfl: ki tiiugt khin trai ban, efing nao, qudn cd phe.- Moi PPDH la thugt dgy hpc
vi hinh thflc to chfle day hge efi dgc diem, yu nhyflc diem khac nhau, Nhyi^ tdu chung tgi chung deu ddflc xay dyng trfin tinh tiiln day
each hpc,day each nghiln eflu vi giii quyel van tie thfing qua viee \o
phat triln ki nang eui^ nhd quan dilm dgo dfle, thai dfi So sinh gifla PPBTNB vdl cac PPDH khie ehing ta cfi till nhdn tiily dilm tddng dfing eua phdflng phap nay so vdi cic PPDH tich eye khde dfi Id:
- Cd h ^ nhfim PPDH deu nham mye dieh vi ngfldi hgc, day each hpc eho HS lfl chflc cac hogt dgng hpc lgp kieh tiiidi tinh tidi eye, khi tien hdnh bit ki hoat dpng nhgn thflc nao till GV cung dlu hddng tror^ qui trinh dgy vi hge bang PPBTNB
+ Giai dogn 1: HS tilp nhin xic dirJi myc tifiu va dinh hfldng cdeh gidi quylt nhifim vy nhdn tiifle
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+ Glai dogn 2: HS ty chi tiiflc hifin cde hogt dfing giii quylt van de
nhifim vydyge giao
+ Giai dogn 3: HS dfla ra nhgn dinh lgp lugn, kit lugn dfing tiicri
phin bifin hgp tiiflc hfia vd v|n dyi^ kiln thfle mdi
Bddc 2: Bfie lfi bilu biyng ban dlu
Bfldc 3: De xi^t cdu hoi vd phddng i n thf nghiem thn ^1 nghiln cflu
Bfldc 4: Tiln hanh tbi i ^ f i m tim tfii - i ^ e n cflu
Bdde 5: ^ t lu§n, phin bifin hyp thfle hfia v i vgn dyng kiln
thflc m<!ri
- Dilm khde biet efla PPBTNB so vdi edc PPDH khde la d ehfi eie
tinh hufing xult phat vi ciu hfii neu van de la nhili^ sfl vat, hien
cic em sl thyc hdnh trin nhflng hi|n tyyng sy vit dd Troi^ mfii
giai dogn cd thl ddyc ehia tiidnh nhieu bddc khac nhau de tien hdnh
khdm phd tri thflc khoa hgc
- PPBTNB dgc bifil ehfl trgng vific giflp eho HS bfie Ifi quan nifim
ban dau d l tgo ra eie miu tiiuin n t : ^ tiifle lam Cfl sd de xuat cac cau
hfii vd gid timylt Hogi dfing tim tfii - nghiln cflu trong PPBTNB rat
chi ylu li cdc phddng dn dflye dl xult bdi ehfnh HS, vcri nhfli^ dyng
cy don gidn dl kilm Vk tiung PPBTNB, HS bat bufie phdi efi moi
ngfl cia ehinh ede em Thfing qua cac hogt dfii^ nhfl vgy, PPBTNB
khii niem khoa hpc va kl tiiugt dflgc thflc hdnh, kem tiieo la sy cung
c6 ngfin ngfl vilt vd nfii
3 Quy trhih tiiyc hi^n PPTNB trong day hpc dja ly 6 trddng THCS
3.1 Qui trinh diung
De vgn dyng hieu qui PPBTNB trong dgy hpc dja ly nfii ehui^ GV
d n tiiye hien nhd sau:
- Nghiln eflu kl nfii dung, xac djnh myc tilu bii hpc rfi rang, chinh xac
- Lya chgn, dy kiln vgn dyng cac PP vd ki thugt sfi kit hgp cing vdi PPBTNB
- Xay dyng k l hogch dgy bgc theo cic giai dogn vi eie bddc tiii|c
hifin e i a PPBTNB (bao gfim ci vific dfl hin phfldng tien, tiiilt bj kl
thuat do dung can cfi eho HS sfl dyng)
- Tiln hinh trien khai ke hogch dgy hgc vgn dyng PPBTNB tren Idp
- long kit rut kinh nghifimedch vgn dyng PPBTNB , <
3.2 Ndi dungvd cdc loai bid hoc dia ly c6 dii dp dmgdify bibf^: PPBTNB • • • • • ^i
Mfin dia ly ldp 6 efi npi dung tim hilu ede kiln thflC dgi cfldng vl
khoa hgc Trai Dat, cac tiianh phan Ty nhien vdi tfing sfi 35 tilt chii;; <•
lim hai kl hgc, nfii dung kiln thfle dflye phan chia troi^ 27 bdi, (trang' '
dd 23 bdi 1^ tiiuylt vi 4 bdi tiiye hdnh) Do d$e dilm Idln tiiflc dja I^
ldp 6 Id kiln tiiflc dai cfldng d l eip MA edc hge tiiuylt, quy ki3t hinh tiianh Vi phat triln cia Trdi dat cac thdnh phin ty nhifin nhd dit,
nddc khfing khf, sinh vit, dit trfing , Li eic kiln thfle cfl sd triiu
tilflng vd rit khd Mac dii eic bdi hgc dia \f nio eung dlu ed tiie v^n
dyng PPBTNB mpt each phfl hgp vd hifiu qud Nhdng kll qud vjn dung PPBTNB con phy thupc vao kha nang, kinh nghifim va tSm
huyet cua GV tiiang vific van dyng PPBTNB vdo dgy hgc dja \^ ldp 6
dti-ddngTHCS
T^n b a ! Stsc
Bii 1,2 Vj td liiuh dgng vd kich tiiiroc cfla Trai DSt,
Bai 3 Ban do - Ti ifi ban do
Biii 4 Phiioiig huo'iig tren ban do Kiuii do vi dp va tga do dja li
Bdi 5 Ki hieu ban do Cach bieu hieu dja hinh tren ban d6
Bai 7 Sy vgn dgng tir quay qiiauli ta.ic cua Trai Dat va cac he qua
Bai 8 Sy chuyeu dpng cua Trai Ddt quanh Mgi Trdi
B i i 9 Hifiu nryiig n g i y dai, dera ngan tiieo mua
B i i 10 Cau tgo ben trong cua Trai Ddt
Bai 11 Th\tc hauh: S y p h a u b d l u c dia va dai dirong tien be miSt
Trai Ddt
Bai 12 Tac dpiig cua iioi lyc \'a ngoai lyc trong viec hinli tliaiili
dja hinh be mgt Trai Dat
Bai 13.14 Dja hinh be mat Trai Dat
Biii 15 Cdc md klioing san
B i i 16 TU\tc liaitii: E)yc ban do, litgc do ti le ldn
B i i 17 Ldp voklii
Bai 1S Thoi tier, khi hau va nhiet dp khdug khi
B i i 19 Kill i p va gio
Bai 20 Hci uuo'c trong khong khi Mira
Bai 2 1 ; Thyc haidi Phan rich biiu dd iilnei dp, lupng mira
Bai 22 Cac ddi khi li.iu
Loai bdi hgc
- Kiin Ihuc ve hpc thuyli, qui lugt chung
- Kien ihiTC, kl nflng ban do
- Kien thuc, kl u i n g ban do
- Kien thuc, kl nJiug ban do
- Kien thuc qui lugt chung
- Kien thuc qui luat cluing
- Kien thuc qui luat chung
- Kien ihi'tc qui luat chung
- Tliirc haiili KI nSug dpc va piiau tich bau dfi
- Kien ihirc qui lugt lilnh thanh dia binli
- Kieu tiiuc qui luat phan bfi dja liiiib
- Kien tiiiTC qui luat phan bo khoang sau
- Thuc Iiiidi ki uang ban do
- Kifin thuc qui luat cua tiianh pliau (TP) ty nlueu
- Kien dure qui luat cua TP 1\T itiiien
- Kien tiii'rc qui luat phan bo khi hgu
- Kien tiiirc TP tiT nliien + Qui luat chung
- Thuc lianli ki uang ve.phdu lich bleu do klii hgu
- Kien llii'rc qui luat phan bo klii liiu
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Bai 24 Bien va dgi duong
Bai 25: Thuc hauh: Sy chuyen dong cua cac ddng bien trong
Dai dimug
Bai 26 Dal Cdc nlian 16 hinh Ihanh dit
Bai 27 Ldp vd sinh vat Cdc nhan to anh liucug den su phan bd
thyc dpng vat tren Trai D i t
- Kieii thirc TP nr nliJen
- TH kl nang dpc, phan tich bau do
- Kien thiVc TP I\r nbieu, qui luat cbung
- Kien thirc TP t\T nhien qui luat chung
Bdng 1 Ngi dung vd logi bdi hgc dia l;f ldp 6 - THCS
Vdi npi dung kiln thflc dia ly ldp 6 tong help trong bang
tren, ta c6 the phin chia thinh eie loai bai hoc nfii dung
kien thflc Id cac hge thuyet vd qui lugt ehung, bai dgy kien
dgy vl thyc hinh ki nang dja 1;^, co bai hpc vfla day ly
thuyet vfla dgy ki ning Tuy nhien, sfl phan chia niy
chl mang tinh tfldng doi de giflp GV co the xac djnh mpt
cich nhanh chdng, chinh xie nhflng bii hpc nio cd the
vgn dyng PPBTNB vi van dyng nhd the nio de dgt dUpe
quy lugt dja ly.Trong qua trinh hinh thanh vin dfing vi
phit trien efla ty nhien mpt thanh phan, m^t yeu to ty
luit chung: qui luat hoin chlnh vi thong nhit, qui lugt tic dpng qua Iai gifla cac thanh phan ty nhien vdi nhau Jiay ndi each khae, ban thin mpt ylu to, thinh phin ty nhiln trong qua trinh van dfing, phdt triln no vfla tuin theo qui lugt ehuyen hda, van dfing chung vi vfla tao ra nhflng qui luit phdt trien rieng theo nhflng dgc diem cua no Vi viy, khi thiet ke ke hoach dgy hpe vdi PPBTNB, GV ein chii
f ldi dgc dilm npi dung kiln thflc, dgng bdi hpc de thiet
kl cic hogt dpng day - hpe eho phfl hpp vi dgt dtlpc mye tieu da de ra
3.3 Ap dungPPBTNB trong day hge dia If ldp d trddng THCS
HDcuaHS
Bufi^c 1: Tinb huong xuit pbat va cau boi neu van St
- GV neu bii tap cau hoi nhung hien tupng su vgt dia K
deHS tdi hien kien thflc Ld^'nJjwr/iejido, tgisao, ?
- Gpri y lo hdng, thieu hut kien thuc ciia HS
- Suy nghi, tia ldi cac cau hoi cua GV_
- Nhan ra sir thieu hyt trong vdn kien thuc
- Xuat hien nliu cau quan sat tim hieu dfii tuong => Dieu dgt nhiem iu quan sat, tim tdi
Budc 2 Bpc Id bieu tudng ban ddu
- Ling nghe.ghi nbd nhanh QNBD khac biet —
• Chon nhiing HS cdQNBD "sai" nhieu trinh bay
- Kiem tra md hinh, dung cu cua HS
- Huong din phan tich md hinh dien hinh hudng din lap mau
phi^u HT
- Hirdnfi dan hoc theo nhdm lam mau
• HS trinh bay QNBD \a ghi Iai
- HS trinh bay QNBD bdng ldi, vik hay ve
- Gidi thieu mfi hinh dien hinli theo y c cfla GV
- So bg phan tich md hinh dien hinh, xiy dung mau phieu
hoc tap-(PHT)
- Lap thanli cac nhfim, hoat ddng tiieo nhdm Bu'd'c 3 De xuat cau hoi ^ a pbuoiig an thi ugbtem
- Theo dfii, giup dfi' nhdm gdp khfi khan
- Gpi y yeu ciu HS tiiao luan phat hien cac quan dian cau
hdi ngiu \an ve su khac rdiau
- Chmh li, eiup HS bao cao gia tiiuyet,dl xuat TN Nhan xet
quyet dinh cac phuong dn TN
- Huong dan thilt ke thi nghiem
- HD theo nhdm, tu' cac QNBD, HS dua ra cac ciu hdi ghi \"an cfi su\' luan mdi (giatiiujet)
- Dai dien cdc nhom bao cao ca lop Iheo dfii, thao hian
\a gdp y tiieoPHT
- D^ xuat cac phuong an TN, tra Idi cau hdi -Ghi miu iliiet ke thi iiahiem
4 Tien banh thi nghiem tim toi - nghien cihi
- Hudne dan HS thao luan nlidm, de xuat TN dya ti^ cac
mau \-it, mo hinh \'a dyne cy cd iin
- Huong dan HS tiin hanh cac tiii nghiem nghien cuu do minh ;
de xual-,
-Phat dyng cu thi nghiem;
- Hoat dgng ru duy linh hpi kien thuc dudi dang khdi niem_
- Van dimg kien thflc da linh hfii de giai quyet nhiem \-y hoc tap mdi du doan cac ket qua thi nghiem, tiiuc hanh
Tiyc hanh TX, quan iiL ban xet glu PHT
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- GV quan sdt de nim bit cac ket qua gpi y hirdng dan
(kliong lam giup HS)
vao vd thi nghifim
5: K^t luin, hgp thu'c hoa kieu tiiflc
- Yeu can HS bao cao ket qua TN vii tiiao luan
- Gidi tiiich them ve cac kit qua TN
- Tdm tdt ket lugn va he thdng KT (kieu thiic)
- Daiih gia, dfing vieu kit cpia hogt dpng cua HS
- Neu bai lap dudi dang hudng dau nr bpc vgn dimg md rpng
kieu thflc
- Giao nhifim v\i Inm lgi ihl nghiem
- HS bao Clio ket qua TN ciia nhfiiu ira ldi cde can hdi cua nhfim bgn
- Linb hfii kieu thirc mdi cd lien quan
- Ciu cbep cic kit Uiau ve kieu tiiuc sau khi tiifiug uh^i chuiig toan ldp
- Ghi chep, hieu nhd cac npi dung do GV phd bien yeu can
- Y dure uhifim v\i hgc tgp d nha: Dgc tai lieu Iam bai
tgp tim hieu tliyc te; lam lai mdt sd tbi nghiem ma GV yeu can
3.3.1, Quy trlnh dgy hgc logi bdi kiin thiic hgc thuyit, qui ludt dia l^ chung
vd qui ludt hinh thdnh, phdt triin cua cdc thdnh phdn tif nhiin
3.3.2 Qui trinh dgy cdc bdi thifc hanh ki ndng dia ly
V\ li ldp dau cap nln cac bii thfle hanh trong chfldng
trlnh dja ly 6 chu yeu hinh thdnh Id ning Dja ly ban dau
ti Ifi khie nhau; do tinh khoing eieh tren bin dd, lip vi
phin tieh bdng so li|u,bude diu lim quen vdi ki nang ve
bilt cdch sfl dyng cdc dyng cy quan trac khi tflpng, thuy
vin, cie dyng ey trie dja dja hinh VI vgy GV cd the
hfldng din HS sfl dyng PPBTNB trong hogt dpng hpc vdi
trlnh ty sau:
- GV khuyen khieh HS dl xuat giii phip de tien hanh
khim pha khoa hpc va Ifla chpn nhflng"tmh hudng ed van
d6 " vdi nhflng cau hdi: Hiin tdpng em ed thi thay doi Id
g^fSif vdt CO thi do Id g^?Ein se thay doi cdi gi?Se do cai gi?
Cii se gifl Id gi?cai dd cd thay d6i khdng?
- HS: Dgt eiu hdi trong nhdm: Khi thay doi "Cdi ta
muon thay dot" thi van dl gi se xdy ra?
- HS; Dy doan dieu cd the xay ra: Khi thay doi mpt so,
tilu chuSn, thfing so efla hifin tflpng sfl vgt dia ly thi "Cdi
mudn thay doi", "Cdi ta do" se thg nio? Tgi sao?
+ Kl hogch va phdong phip: Lifit kl cic thiet bj can thiet
dl khio sit, viet ra cac bflde cin tien hanh de khao sat
+ Lip bdng kit qui: Lip cac bing sfi lifiu TN, tien hanh
TN vi ghi lgi kit qui do
+ Ve dfi thf; Ve d6 thj tfl cac bing ket qud
- GV: Khuyin khich HS dda ra nhflng ket lugn tfl bang
s6 lifiu vd dfi thi.Sau dd khii quit hda kiln thflc mdi, kl
ning mdi de HS linh hfii, ghi chep
4 Mot 50 lflu f khi day hpc dia ly ldp 6 bang PPBTNB
Khi vgn dyng PPBTNB vio dgy hpc dja ly, GV ean chu
y mpt so van de
4.1 T6 ehfle Idp hgc: GV can chu y tdi vific sip xep ban ghi
theo nhdm cfi djnh, tgo khdng khi hpc tip thoii mai vi ed
nhim vific sfl dyng tifin Ipi vd khong lang phi thdi gian
4.2 Giflp HS bpc lp quan nifim ban dau: GV can tdn
vu va tgo cP hpi cho HS ddpc bpc Ifi bdn than, hflng thfl vdi gid hpc
4.3 Ky thuit to ehflc hogt dpng thao lugn eho HS: GV
cin giflp cac em tim thay sfl thong nhat f kiln va khuyin
khich HS thdo lugn tich cyc, biet each van dyng ky thugt PPBTNB hoin toin khic bifit vdi cich thio luin trong bang sfl tflpng tac gifla cac HS vdi nhau, phin trd ldi efla
HS sau bfi sung cho HS trddc, hoac dat cau hdi dfii vdi f
kien trddc; ho|c trlnh biy mfit quan diem mdi; hay dfla ra
tranh cai f kiln efla nhdm minh)
4.4 Ky thuHt dgt cau hdi cua GV; Sfl dyng ciu hdi "md" bao qudt toan bfi nfii dung bai hpc de cd ddpe "hdnh dfing md" efla HS, ty eic em cd nhflng ciu hdi vi dy kiln dap
in eho ciu hdi dd Thdng thfldng GV thfldng sfl dyng ciu hdi neu vin de va cau hdi gpi y
4.5 Hddng dan HS sfl dung vd thi nghifim: Vd ihi nghifim li mfit dge trdng quan trpng trong thyc hifin PPBTNB.Thdng qua vific ghi chep HS ddpc tip ldm quen vdi eong tdc nghien cflu khoa hpc va ren luyen ngfin ngfl
vilt Npi dung la cie f kien, quan nifim ban diu trfldc khi
hpc kien thfle, eie dy kien, de xuat, cd the la cdc sP dfi, tiln trinh thi nghi|m de xuat cua HS khi lam viec vdi nhdm, hpc HS cd the ghi chep bang Idi, hinh ve hay sd d6, bdng bieu Vd thi nghiem chfla ddng cac phan ghi chfl ci nhin, nhit thdo lugn trong nhom) hogc phin ghi chu tfing kit thio luin efla ca ldp (ket luan ve kien thflc) ddpe xiy dyng bdi tri lue lap the Ngoai vific hfldng dan trinh biy GV eo gang hddng dan HS sfl dyng phan ghi chip trong v6 thi
nghifim nhd mfit cong cu hflu ich de so sinh kit qui, f
tddng vdi edc HS khac, theo doi kit qua cua ca nhin, tim thay nhflng 1;^ le de giai thieh eho thf nghifim 4.6 Ddnh gii HS trong dgy hpc theo PPBTNB
- Ddnh gid HS qua qud trinh thdo ludn, trinh hdy, phdt bieu y kiin tgi ldp hoc Trangsuot qud trinh ldm thl nghiim
vd sd tiin bd nhdn thdc cua HS trong vd thi nghiim Ngoii nhflng van dl trfin GV cung can chfl f tdi vi|c
Trang 5khi nglriln cflu de dda ra kit lugn Giflp HS Hit cich so sanh,
doi chieu ket qua thu nhgn dflpc vdi kiln thflc khoa hpc
m.K^LUAN
Qua didi gian nghien eflu vi vgn dyng PPBTNB vdo gjang
dgy dja 1^ d trddng THCS chflng tdi nhgn thiy mpt so thugn
lpi, khd khan nhd sau;
1 Thuan lpi
- Vdi du dilm n6i bgt cua PPBTNB, khi vyn dyng PP niy
ngoii vi^e day HS ndm bat tri thflc khoa hpc GV edn dgy HS
cich ty hpc, ty kham pha, dm hieu, nghien cflu cufie sdng
khoa hpe cfla HS Ngodi vific chfl trpng den kiln thflc khoa
hpe, PPBTNB cdn chfl y nhieu den vi|c ren luyfin kynang dien
dgt tiifing qua ngdn ngfl ndi, vilt, Idm vific nhdm, va hmh
thanh nang Iflc nghiln cflu khoa hpc cho HS
- PPBTNB la mpt phdcmg phap cd tien trinh dgy hpc rd
rang, dl hieu, cd thl ip dyng dflpc d dieu kifin cae trfldng
THCS nddc ta hifin nay Qua mpt sfi tilt ip dyng PPBTNB
trong dgy bp mon Dja ly va kinh nghifim cua mpt s6 GV day
tiiay rd sfl ham thich, hflng thfl cua HS trong nhflng hogt dfing
tim hieu kiln thflc mcfi Dilu niy ehflng td HS luon mong
mufin dflpc hge tip, hing say tim tdi vi sing tgo
- Khdng chi GV day dja ly ma GV day cac mfin hpc khac
eung rit tieh eye trao ddi, hpc hoi va v|n dung PPBTNB vao
giang dgy mfin hpc mlnh ddm nhgn tiieo sfl chi dgo cua nhi
trfldng, Sd GD cung nhfl eia Bp Giio dye Dio tao GV da
biet phit huy trifit de nhflng flu diem cua PPBTNB vd da logi
trfl nhflng hgn ehl, khd khan khi vin dyng PPBTNB De dat
ddpe mye deu bai hpc, mon hpc d mflc dp cao nhat
2 Khd khin
- Ngodi nhflng khd khan vl ning lyc, kinh nghifim vd y thflc
ap dyng PPBTNB cua GV khd khan ve chddng trinh sdeh giao
khoa, ning lyc, trinh dp nhin thfle va sd Idpng HS trong mpt
va sfi Idpng GV van dyng PPBTNB vio dgy hpe Bfi cgnh dd
dieu ki§n ve cP sd vit chit, trang thilt bj, do dtmg ki thuit thi
nghifim cung la nguyen nhan dnh hddng khong nhd tdi kit
qui mfit gid dgy dp dyng PPBTNB
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Ddi mdi PP day hpc Dja ly d trddng THCS - NXB DHSP
Ha Nfii nam 2009
2 Ki thugt dgy hpc Dja ly d trddng phd tiifing - NXB GD
nam 2008
3 Phin phfii ehflpng trinh mfin dja ly THCS - NXBGD
nim 2013
4 Tii lifiu tip huan vl "PP ban tay ngn bfit"- Bfi Giao dye Va
Dao Tgo nam 2010
TOMTAT
"Bdn tay ndn bgt" diidc xem Id mgt md hinh g}do due tddng
doi nidi tren thi gidi, eo ten tiing Anh Id "Hands On", tiing
Phdp Id "La main d la pdte", diu cd nghia Id "hdt tay vdo
hdnh ddng" Ddy ciing dUdc coi Id mdt trong nhQng PP dgy
hgc hien dgi, cd nhiiu du diem trong viec kich thich tinh to
md, ham mi khdm phd khoa hgc, rbi luyen ki ndng di&n dgt
ngdn ngd ndi vd viit cua hgc sinh
Mdn dia 1^ d trddng THCS co ngi dung dUdc chia thdnh
35
Trdi ddt vd cdc thdnh phdn cua Trdi ddt Ld cdc kiin thdc
ed sd, trdu tdpng vd rdt kho Mac dii cdc bdi hgc dia ly ndo ding diu co the viln difng PPBTNB mdt cdch phii hdp vd hiiu qud NhUng kit qud vdn dungPPBTNB cbn phu thude vdo khd ndng, kinh nghiim vd tdm huyitc^a GVtrongviic vdn dung PPBTNB vdo dgy hge dia ly ldp 6 d trddng THCS Vi?c van dung PPBTNB vdo dgy hgc dia /jJ ndi chung dia
ly ldp 6 noi riing cd nhiiu thuiin lpi hdn so vdi cdc mdn hoc khdcnhUvdn, todn, lichsii khdng chi d ndi dung chddng trinh md cdn d viic vdn dung cdc PPDH dgc trUngeda nidn dia l^giup GV van difng PPBTNB vdo gidng dgy ddpc tot
vd thudn ldi hdn, nhdt Id trong cdc hdi hpc cd ndi dung kiin thdc ly thuyit vi Dia Iff Tu nhien Bgi cddng
Vi cd bdn thi khi tiin hdnh bdt kl hogt d^ng nhdn thdc ndo thi GV cung diu hiidng ddn HS thi/c hi$n qua 3 giai
hgc bdng PPBTNB
SUMMARY
"Ban tay nan bot" is considered a model of education
is relatively new in the world, known in English as the
"Hands On", the French as "La main a la Pdte" both mean "embarked on actions" // is regarded as one of the modern teaching method which has many advantages
in Emulating curiosity, discovering science, exemsing language skills in spoken and written
Geography in secondary school is divided into different
and the composition of the Earth is base, ab^act and difficult knowledges Although the geography lessons can manipulate appropriately and effectively the Hands
on method But the result of Hands on method depends
on the ability, experience and enthusiasm of teachers in applying Hands on method in teaching geography grade
6 at secondary schools
Applying Hands on method in teaching geography in general, grade 6 in particular has many advantages than other subjects such as literature, mathematics, hi^ry Not only contents but also specific leaching methods of geography help teachers to use hands on method better and more advantageous, especially in the lesson about of theoretical knowledge Natural Geography
Basically, teacher guide ihidenls implement through
3 awareness phases and perform 5 ^eps in the process
of teaching and learning in Hands on method in any awareness activities
VI Sl/ nghi&p phat trl^n
G I A O D U C