Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM sS 65 nam 2014 THU''''C TRANG SIJ''''DUNG BAI TAP TINH HUONG D £ DAY H O C SINH HQC 10 d MpT s o TRÛ CJNG TRUNG HQC PHO THONG J/^\ THANH P H O H O CHI MINH PHAN THI THU H|£N'''' TO[.]
Trang 1THU'C TRANG SIJ'DUNG BAI TAP TINH HUONG
D £ DAY H O C S I N H HQC 10
d MpT s o TRU^CJNG TRUNG HQC PHO THONG
J/^\ T H A N H P H O H O CHI MINH
PHAN THI THU H|£N'
TOM TAT
Dieu Ira ve thai do vd phuang phdp hgc tap mon Sinh hgc 10 ciia 378 HS lap 10 a S truimg trung hgc pho Ihong (THPT) cho Ihdy da sd hgc sinh (HS) khdng himg thu hoc mdn Sinh hgc HS deu gidi Ihich nguyen nhdn Id do kien thuc khd, Iricu tugng HS chu yeu hgc thudc long Bieu tra ve Ihuc Irgng sir dung phuang phdp dgy hgc (PPDH) vd bdi lap tinh huong (BTTH) trong dgy hoc Sinh hgc 10 a 5 Irudng THPT ddi vdi 30 gido vien (GV) dgy mon Sinh hoc cho Ihdy viec sir dung PPDH tich cue da duac chu y nhung hieu qud chua cao, ddc biet doi vdi PPDH bdng BTTH Irong dgy hgc Sinh hgc 10 vdn cdn nhieu hgn che: quan niem cua GVve cdc vdn de sir dung BTTH Irong dgy hoc chua duac day dii
Tic khda: thuc trang, bai tap tinh hudng, Sinh hgc 10, trung hgc phd thdng, phuong
phap day hpc
ABSTRACT
Current situation of using situational exercises to teach Biology grade 16
In some high schools in Ho Chi Minh City
Investigation of altitude and learning method for Biology grade 10 of 378 students in 3 high schools shows thai most of the students are noi interested in biology The students explain that the knowledge is difficult and abstract They mostly have to memorize Investigation of the current situation of using methods and situational exercises for biology grade 10 in 5 high schools with 30 teachers shows that active methodology has atti-acled allenlion but il is noi quite effective, especially with using situational exercises in Biology grade 10
Keywords: current situation, situational exercises, Biology grade 10, high school,
methodology
1 Mddau
Sinh hgc la mot radn khoa hpc gin vdi cac kiln thirc thuc tiln Trong nhimg nam gan day, Sinh hpc ngay cang phat triln manh me, dae biet la sir phat triln ciia cdng nghe sinh hoc va img dung cua cdng nghe sinh hpc vao thuc tiln Vi vay, dl hpc sinh tiep can nhanh chdng vdi cac tri thuc Sinh hpc thi viec ren luyen nang lire tu hpc cho hgc sinh (HS) la rit cin thilt
Mpt trong nhirng bien phap cd the giai quylt tdt nhiem vu neu tren la su dung BTTH de day hgc kien thitc BTTH dugc sir dung trong tit ca cac khau ciia qua trinh day hgc, tir khau nghien eiru tai lieu mdi, cung co hoan thien cho den kiem tra danh gia kien thuc ciia HS Sir dung BTTH dl cung cip mdt lugng kien thue mdi, dl eung cl ThS, Trtrdng Oai hpc Sir pham TPHCM
Trang 2Phan Thi Thu Hiin
khac sau kiln thuc haac kilm tra mire dg nim vimg kien thiic Sir dung BTTH trgng giang day cdn ren luyen cho HS nhiJng thao tac tu duy nhu phan tich, tdng hgp, khai quat hda, trim tugng hda, van dung cac kien thuc dd vao ddi sdng va thuc tiln san xuit Day hpc theo phuang phap sir dung BTTH giiip cho HS cd thi linh hdi hri thiic vimg vang han, tao himg thu hpc tap tdt hon Sil dung BTTH la bien phap quan trgng dl td chirc HS tu luc nghien cuu sach giao khoa (SGK)
Thuc te day hgc Sinh hgc 10 d trudng phd thdng hien nay vin cdn mang nang tinh chat thdng bag, tai hien Ddng thdi do nhu ciu va ddng co hgc tjp cua HS ddi vdi mdn Sinh hgc 10 chua diing din, nen HS hpc t^p mdt each thu dgng, gd ep, Dg dd, GV can phai cd PPDH tich cue hon, dat HS trudc mdi tinh hudng hgc tap cd vin dl dl eac
em chu ddng tham gia vao hoat ddng hpc tap cd hieu qua hon Qua tim hilu, chiing tdi nhan thay: day hpc bing tinh huong da duge nghien cuu va van dung nhilu ddi vdi CiSc mdn hpc khae, rieng ddi vdi radn Sinh hpc 10 vin cdn han chi va cin dugc quan tam nhieu hon nira,
Vi vay, bai bao nay nhim cung cip cac din chiing va sd lieu dilu h-a dl ed nhimg nhjn djnh khach quan hon vl thuc trang sir dung BTTH trong day hpc Sinh hgc 10 d mdt sd trudng THPT tai TP Hd Chi Minh
2 Ket qua nghien cmj
Chung tdi da tiln hanh dilu tra, khao sat bing phiiu hdi tren 378 HS lap 10 va 30
GV d^y Sinh hgc thudc Sd Giao due va Dao tao TP Hd Chi Minh dl xac dinh chit lugng day va hpc Tir dd, tim nguyen nhan han chi, chit lugng day va hpc Cae kit qua duge chiing tdi xii li bing phin mIn; Microsoft Excel 2013
2.1 Ket qud diiu tra vi mong muon vdy thiec hoc tap mon Sinh hgc 10
2.1.1 Ve thdi do mong muon hgc tap mdn Sinh hgc 10 cua HS
Kit qua thu dupe a bang 1 nhu sau:
Bdng 1 Ket qud dieu tra ve mong mudn hoc tap mdn Sinh hgc 10
STT
I
2
3
•
5
6
N$i dung dieu tra
Trong gid day, GV thuylt trinh tir diu din cudi
Gid giang co tranh, anh, may ehilu, minh hoa
Gid giang cin cd cau hoi, bai tap gay himg thii
hpc tap
Gid giang can phai dugc nhieu ban tham gia xay
dung bai, bao ve y kien cua minh
Viec hoc bo mon Sinh hpc
Viec kiem tra danh gia hien nay cua giao vien
Rat thich 0,79 69,84 47,09 73,55 14,81 17,72
Thich
1,32 24,34 40,48 19,31 18,25 25,66
Khong thich 97,89 5,82 12,43 7,14 66,94 56,62
Trang 3Tir kit qua thu dugc d bang 1 cho thay, mong mudn ciia HS ddi vdi gid day cua giao vien la: Phai cd minh hga bing cae phuang tien true quan (94,18%), cd cae bai tap, cau hdi dl tag hiing thu (87,57%) va cin cho HS thao luan dl xay dung bai (92,8%) Cac em hoan toan khdng thich giao vign len Idp thuylt trinh tir diu den cudi (97,89%)
Trong cac tiet hgc hien nay, giao vien chua dap ling dugc nhimg yeu cau tren ciia
HS nen da cd tdi 66,94% HS khdng thich hgc bd mdn Sinh hpc Ke ca khau kiem tra danh gia cua giao vien chi cd 43,38% la ddng tinh, cd din 56,62% td ra khdng thich Qua phan tich tren cho thay, cac yeu eau cua HS la chinh dang Tuy nhien, hien tai gido vien trong qua trinh day hgc chua dap ling dugc cac yeu ciu cua HS, day eung cd the la mdt trong nhirng nguyen nhan lam cho HS khdng thich hgc mdn Sinh hpc,
2.1.2 Vey thirc hgc tap man Sinh hgc 10
Chiing toi ciing da tien hanh dieu tra cac phuang phap hpc tap bg mdn Sinh hgc cua HS hien nay ma HS da su dung Ket qua dugc trinh bay d bang 2
Bdng 2 Ket qud dieu tra ve y thirc hgc tap mdn Sinh hgc 10 cua HS
STT
1
2
3
N^i dung dieu tra
Di chudn bi trudc cho mgt bdi hgc mdn Sinh hgc, em thudng
lam nhimg viec gi dudi day?
- Hpc bai cu, trd ldi cdc cau hdi va bai tap dupe GV giao ve nha
- Hpc bai cu nhung chi hpc thupe long mpt each may moc
- Doe trudc bai mdi, ghi lai nhftng thic mIc de hdi GV trong
gid hpc
Khi GVkiim tra bdi cii, em thudng lam gi?
- Nghe ban trd ldi de nhan xet vd ddnh gia bd sung y ki^n
- Xem lai bai de doi phd neu bi GV gpi len bang
Trong gid hgc, GV khi dua ra cdu hdi hoac bdi tap, em thudng
lam gi?
- Suy nghT each tra ldi cau hdi, bai tap
- Nghe su tra ldi hoac giai bai tap cua ban
- Chd GV tra ldi hoae gidi bai tap
Ket qua
42,33 % 51,85 % 5,82 %
82,54 % 17,46%
12,1 % 14,88 % 73,02 % Kit qua dieu tra thu dugc d bang 2 cho thiy:
Cdng tac chuan hi d nha cua HS:
+ Viec dn tap bai cil va hoan thanh cac ndi dung cua GV giao cho trudc khi din lop chi dat 42,33% Mdt sd HS dugc dilu tra chg ring: viec hgc bai chi mang tinh chit hgc thugc long nham ddi phd GV, ma chua thuc sir tu giac de biln kien thitc tir sach giao khoa thanh kiln thirc cua ban than, chilm tdi 51,85% sd HS dugc dilu tra
+ S6 HS chiu khd dgc bai mdi, ghi lai cac thic mic de hdi GV trong gid hpc chi chilm 5,82% tdng sd HS dugc dilu tra
Trang 4Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
Cac kit qua tren cho thly, HS y thirc hpc tap bd mdn chua tdt, cd the do each day
cua giao vien, cac yeu clu cua giao vien chua that cu the, chua mang tinh cap bach ddi vdi HS trudc khi d^n lap
Y thuc hpc tap d tren lap:
+ HS da chu y tap trung suy nghT npi dung cau hdi giao vien dat ra de tra ldi hoac
bd sung y kien chi^m tdi 82,54% sd HS duac dieu tra
+ Trong gid hpc da suy nghT cau tra ldi ciia ban 12,01%, xem xet cau kdt luan cua giao vien ddi vdi tra ldi cua ban 73,02%
2.2 Kit qud dieu tra ve thuc trgng su dung BTTH trong dgy hgc Sinh hgc 10 & trudng THPT cua gido vien
Chung tdi da dieu tra bang phleu hdi ket hop vdi phdng van true tiSp 30 giao vien
d Sd Giao due va Dao tao TPHCM Ket qua dupe trinh bay d bang 3
Bang 3 Kit qud dieu tra ve thuc trgng sir dung PPDH vd BTTH trong dgy hgc Sinh hgc 10 d trudng THPT
Cau hdi dilu tra Cau 1 Trung tam cua day hgc bang BTTH la gi?
A Xay dung va sir dung tinh hudng cd van de*
B, Giai quyet van de
C, Chi dao hoat ddng hgc t$p cua GV
D Chu dpng, tich cue giai quyet van de ciia HS
Cau 2 Ban chat cua day hoc bSng BTTH la gi?
A Tao nen mgt chudi nhirng tinh hudng cd van de, chuyen HS vao tinh
hudng cd van de*
B Td chiic hoat ddng cho HS, kich thich HS tich cue, tir luc giai quylt
van de*
C Neu vin dl
D Giai quylt vin de
Cau 3 Dae tru-ng cua day hoc bSng BTTH la gi?
A Tinh hudng cd vin de*
B Chia qua trinh thuc hien giai quylt vin dl thanh nhimg bude cd tinh
muc dich chuyen biet*
C Bao gdm nhieu hinh thirc td chirc da dang, dudi sir hudng dan cua
giao vien*
Ti le (%)
50,00 13,33 6,67 30,00
83,33
16,67
33,33
50,00
Trang 5Ck\x hoi dieu tra
D Neu vln de va giat quyet van de
Cau 4 Khi xay dirag tinh huong c6 van de, GV dijra tren nhirng
nguyen tac va quy trinh nhir the nao?
A Khdng cd nguven tic vd quy trinh nao, chi dua vao noi dung bai day
dua ra tinh hudng cd van de theo kinh nghiem
B Khi day bai mdi se nay sinh ra tinh hudng cd vln &i rdi dua ra cho HS
giai quyet van de
C Can cu vao npi dung kiSn thurc eua bai dl xay dung tinh hudng soan
bai*
D Can cu vao muc dieh cua ddi mdi PPDH*
Cau 5 Khi van dung day hoc bang BTTH thay, co thu-tmg tien hanh
nhir the nao?
A Theo 3 bude (dat van de, giai quyet van de, ket luan)*
B Khong theo bude nao, ma tien hanh theo cac bude len lop cua giao dn
truyen thdng
C Khdng van dung vi khdng hieu the nao ia day hpc bang BTTH
D Van dung nhung rat lung tiing vi khong biet xay dung tinh hudng cd
van de nhu the nao cho diing va phu hpp
Ti 1? {%) 16,67
33,33
33,33
13,34 20,00
86,67 3,33
10,00 Chiing tdi tien hanh dilu tra bing phiiu hdi vdi 5 van de theo kieu trie nghiem khach quan, ket hgp vdi phdng van true tiep cung nhu du mdt sd gid len Idp cua 30 giao vien cua 5 trudng trung hpc phd thdng thudc Sd Giao due va Dao tao TPHCM kit qua thu dugc d bang 3 Ket qua cho thiy:
50% giao vien nhan thiic diing trung tam ciia day hpc bang BTTH la can xay dung va sit dung cac tinh hudng cho radi bai hpc
83,33%o nim dugc ban chit va dae trung cua day hpc bing BTTH
Tuy nhien, khi dugc hdi vl nguyen tac va quy trinh xay dung BTTH thi chi cd 33,33% giao vien nhan thiic dupe,
Khi dugc hdi ve cac bude van dung day hgc bang BTTH d£i cd 86,67% giao vien
da tra ldi dung,
Tdm lai, cd the thay rang giao vien da nam dugc vai trd, nguyen tac, cac bude cd ban ciia viec xay dung va sir dung BTTH trong day hgc Tuy nhien, khi dir gid chiing tdi nhan thiy hieu qua sir dung BTTH vao day hgc cdn thip, y dd sir dung BTTH vao day hgc chua that ro rang, cu the
Trang 63 Kit luan
Qua dilu tra vl sir mnng mudn hpc tap mdn Sinh hpc 10 ciia 378 HS Idp 10 d
Trudng Trung hpc Thuc hanh - Trudng Dai hgc Su pham TPHCM, Trudng THPT
Nguyin Hiin, Trudng THPT Luong Thi Vinh cho thay HS dlu cd mong mudn giao
vien phai thay dli phuang phap day trong viec ra cau hdi, bdt thdi gian thuyet giang,
tang cudng cho HS suy nghi ca nhan, hoat ddng nhdm de tranh luan, trao ddi Y thirc
hpc tap cua HS kem nguyen nhan la do giao vien chua tao cho HS each hpc, each suy
nghi giai quyet van de
Dieu tra ve thuc trang su dung BTTH trong day hpc Sinh hpc 10 d trudng THPT
ddi vdi 30 GV day mdn Sinh hpc tai 5 trudng THPT; Mac Dinh Chi, Gia Dinh, Nguyen
Hiin, Phan Dang Luu va Luong The Vinh thudc Sd Giao due va Dao tao TPHCM cho
thay viec sir dung phuong phap day hgc tich cue da dugc chu y nhung hieu qua chua
cao, dae biet ddi vdi phuang phap day hgc bang BTTH trgng day hgc Sinh hgc 10 van
cdn nhilu han che; quan niem cua GV ve cac van de sii dung BTTH trgng day hgc
chua dugc diy dii Viec ap dung BTTH trong day hgc cdn thap, chua cd sir quan tam
nhilu din viec xay dung cac BTTH cd chat lugng de nang cao chat lugng hgc
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguyen Dinh Chinh (1995), Bdi tap Tmh hudng qudn ll gido due, Nxb.Giao due Ha
Ndi
2 Nguyen Thi Doan (1994), "Van dung phucmg phap tinh hulng trong giang day dai
hpc", Tgp chi Dgi hgc vd Gido due chuyen nghiep, (sd 5)
3 Dinh Tuin Dung (2002), "Ddi mdi phuong phap day hpc theo tinh hudng", Ki yiu
hgi Ihdo ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tgg todn qudc Ldn thir m " - '•'-'
4 Phan Dire Duy (1999), Sir,^m>^^'-~ >
vien ki ndng dgy HS '
gia Ha Npi
5 Trin Van Ha (199
ddng", (sd 6), r<ri
6 Nguyen TrujjjM
kiln
thuj^OT-cim C
kien thirc^
eimQ0'
I r ^ d ^
Ir^cT" „5,p ocnp SH T^OA %Z
* riouiw^p'?^"'^'"'
Trang 7Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM
Cau hoi dieu tra
D Neu vln de vd giai quyet van de
Cau 4 Khi xay dimg tinh huong cd v3n de, GV dffa tren nhung
nguyen tac va quy trinh nhir the nao?
A Khong cd nguyen tic va quy trinh nao, chi dua vao npi dung bai day
dua ra tinh huong cd van de theo kinh nghiem
B Khi day bai mdi se nay sinh ra tinh huong cd van de roi dua ra cho HS
giai quyet van de
C Can cii vao npi dung kiin thiic cua bai de xay dung tinh huong soan
bdi*
D Can Cli vao muc dich cua ddi mdi PPDH*
Cau 5 Khi van dung day hoc bang BTTH thay, co thu-cmg tien hanh
nhir the nao?
A Theo 3 bude {dat van de, giai quyet van de, ket luan)*
B Khong theo bude ndo, ma tien hdnh theo cac bude len Idp ciia gido dn
truyen thong
C Khong van dung vi khdng hieu the nao la day hpc blng BTTH
D Van dung nhung rat liing tung vi khong biet xay dung tinh hudng cd
van de nhu the nao cho diing vd phii hap
Ti 1? (%) 16,67
33,33
33,33
13,34 20,00
86,67 3,33
10,00 Chiing tdi tien hanh dilu tra bing phiiu hdi vdi 5 vin dl theo kilu trie nghiem khach quan, ket hgp vdi phdng vin true tilp ciing nhu du mdt sd gid len Idp eua 30 giao vien cua 5 trudng trung hpc phd thdng thugc Sd Giao due va Dao tao TPHCM kit qua thu dupe d bang 3 Kit qua cho thiy:
50% giao vien nhan thuc dung trung tam cua day hpc bjng BTTH la cin xay dung va sii dung cac tinh hudng cho mdi bai hpc
83,33% nam dugc ban chit va dae frung cua day hgc bing BTTH
Tuy nhien, khi dupe hdi vl nguyen tac va quy trinh xay dung BTTH thi chi cd 33,33% giao vien nhan thirc dupe
Khi dugc hdi vl cac bude van dung day hge bing BTTH da cd 86,67% giao vien
da tra ldi dung
Tdm lai, cd the thay rang giao vien da nam dupe vai trd, nguyen tac, cac bude co ban Clia viec xay dung va sir dung BTTH trong day hgc Tuy nhien, khi du gid chiing tdi nhan thiy hieu qua sir dung BTTH Vao day hpc cdn thap, y do sil dimg BTTH vao day hpc chua that rd rang, cu thi
Trang 83 Ket luan
Qua dilu tra vl sy mong mudn hge tap mdn Sinh hge 10 cua 378 HS Idp 10 d Trudng Trung hgc Thuc hanh - Trudng Dai hpc Su pham TPHCM, Trudng THPT Nguyin Hiin, Trudng THPT Luong Thi Vinh cho thiy HS deu cd mong mudn giao vien phai thay ddi phuong phap day trong viec ra cau hdi, bdt thdi gian thuyet giang, tang eudng cho HS suy nghi ca nhan, boat dpng nhdm de tranh luan, trao ddi Y thuc hgc tap ciia HS kem nguyen nhan la dg giao vien chua tao cho HS each hgc, each suy nghi giai quyet van de
Dieu tra ve thuc trang sir dung BTTH trgng day hgc Sinh hge 10 d trudng THPT ddi vdi 30 GV day mdn Sinh hgc tai 5 trudng THPT: Mac Dinh Chi, Gia Djnh, Nguyen Hien, Phan Dang Luu va Luong The Vinh thudc Sd Giao due va Dao tao TPHCM cho thay viec sir dung phuang phap day hgc tich cue da duge chu y nhung hieu qua chua cao, dae biet ddi vdi phuong phap day hpc bang BTTH trong day hpc Sinh hpc 10 van cdn nhilu ban che; quan niem cua GV ve cac van de sii dung BTTH trong day hpc ehua dugc diy du Viee ap dung BTTH trong day hgc cdn thap, chua cd su quan tam nhilu den viec xay dyng cae BTTH ed chat lugng de nang cao chat lugng hge
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguyin Dinh Chinh (1995), Bdi lap tinh huong qudn ll gido due, Nxb.Giao due Ha
Ndi
2 Nguyin Thi Doan (1994), "Van dung phuong phap tinh hudng trong giang day dai
hgc", Tgp chi Dgi hge vd Gido due chuyen nghiep, (sd 5)
3 Dinh Tuin Dung (2002), "Ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc theo tinh hudng", Kl yiu hgi ihdo ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tgo todn qudc ldn thir HI, Ha Ndi
4 Phan Dire Duy (1999), Sir dung bdi tap tinh hudng su phgm di ren luyfn cho sinh vien kl ndng dgy HS hoc, Luan an Tiln si, Trudng Dai hpc Su pham, Dai hpc Qudc
gia Ha Ndi
5 Trin Van Ha (1996), "Li thuylt tinh hulng va phuong phap xir li tinh huong hanh
dgng", (sd 6), Tgp chi Dgi hoc va Gido due Chuyen nghiep
6 Nguyin Trudng Khang (1998), "Bai tap tinh hudng trong viec xay dung va cung cd
kiln thiic mdn Giao due cdng dan d ttudng phd thdng trung hgc", Tgp chi Nghien cim Gido due, (si) 10, Bd Giao due va Dao tao
7 Ir G G, H Ooms (2000), Sludenl - Centred Education, Educglional Support Staff Deparlmenlfor Education and Student Affaira, Wageningen University,
8 Rosie Tanner and Catherine Green (2000), Tasks for Teacher Education, Addison
Wesley Longman
(Ngiy Tda soan nh$n duvc bii: 9-10-2014: ngay phin bien dinh gii: 31-10-2014:
ngay chip nhin ding 15-12-2014)