Vận dụng phương pháp dạy học vi mô trong quá trình rèn luyện nghiệp vụ nhằm hình thành và phát triển năng lực sư phạm cho sinh viên ngành giáo dục tiểu học

Nguyen Thi Trtic Minh va Dtg Tgp chf KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 133(03)/1 133 138 V ^ DVNG PHU''''OfNG PHAP D^^Y HOC VI MO TRONG QUA TRINH REN LUYEN NGHIEP VU NHAM HINH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN NANG LU''''C SU'''' PHAM C[.]

V ^ DVNG PHU'OfNG P H A P D^^Y H O C VI M O

TRONG QUA T R I N H R E N LUYEN N G H I E P VU N H A M H I N H T H A N H

VA PHAT T R I E N NANG LU'C SU' P H A M C H O SINH VIEN

NGANH G I A O D y C T I E U H Q C

Nguyin Thi Triic Minh", Trin Thuy Hoang Vln

Tnr&ng Dat hpc Dong Thdp

TOM TAT

Day hpc vi mo dupc xem la mpt phuang phap day hpc liy hogt dpng ciia nguaf hpc lim frung tam Phuong phap dgy hpc vf mo rat thich hpp frong viec dao tgo ban diu cho sinh vi6n su pham nim cim niy, chung tfli vin dung phuang phip dgy hpc vi mo trong qua trinh ren luyen nghiep vy de mpt d^i ngu giio vien Tieu hpc cd ning lyc dip img dupc ySu ciu dli mdi giao dye hi§n nay,

Tir khda Dcy hge vi md, ren luyin nghiep vu, ndng luc suphgm

DAT VAN DE

Tieu hge la bac bgc nen tang trong he thdng

giao due qude dan Chat lugng giao dye Tieu

hpc phy thupc nhieu vao chat lugng ddi ngii

giao vien, vi giao vien chinh la ngudi true tilp

dieu khien va td chirc cac qua trinh hge tap

Nang lyc su phgm (NLSP) cua giao vien la

mgt trong nhung ylu to quan frpng quylt dinh

din chit lugng, hieu qua cua gid hpc cung

nhu dem lai su thanh cdng frong qua trinh dgy

hpc ciia chfnh giao vien do Do do, viec dao

tao ra mgt ddi ngu giao vien Tieu hpc cd nang

lire la mpt nhiem vu rat quan trgng ddi vdi

cac frudng su phgm Dl thuc hien nhiem vy

nay tdt han, chung tdi da van dung phuong

phap day bgc vi md (PPDHVM) trong qua

frinh ren luyen nghidp vu de hinh thanh va

phat trien ning luc su pham cho sinh vien

(SV) nganh Giao due Tieu bgc

NOl DUNG NGHIEN CUtJ

Phuo'ng phap day hQC vi md

Vap diu nhung nam 1960, PPDHVM dugc

Dwight W Allen, Ryan va cac ddng nghiep

tgi Dgi hge Stanford (Hoa Ky) khdi xudng

nham dao tao mot so giao vien frong djp he,

chuan bj cho hp dam nhiem mgt each hieu

qua ban d mpt tdp hgc that su vao djp khai

giang nim hpc sau Allen va Ryan cho rang

' Tel: 0907 653929

each tiep can tdng quat (tir mdt tiet bpc, mdt tdp hgc hay mgt ddi tuong phiic tgp,,,) cd thi thay the bang viec tiep cgn dgy hgc nhifng ngi dung giang ngin ( 5 - 1 0 phut) cbo mdt nhdm ddi tugng ( 6 - 1 2 hpc vien) se kich thich nang khieu (tai kheo teo su phgm cua giao vien), viec tap giang ciia SV se dugc ghi hinh Igi va sau dd dugc dem ra pban tfeh nham tim ra cac nang khieu ma ngudi thay can lam chu trong mdi tiet dgy [6]

Theo cac nha khoa hpc d Dai hpc Stanford [6] tbi: "PPDHVM la phuang phap dgy hgc ma trong do tinh phirc tgp cua viec giang dgy tgi nhifng phdng hpc binh thudng dugc dan gian hda hay nd dupc vf nhu mgt he thdng nhflng boat ddng thyc hanh theo nhflng kT ning giang dgy cd tinh xac dmh dugc giam sat, danh gia cd su quan If"

Theo "Tap huan dgy va hgc tich cue va sii" dung thiet bi day hpc" - Dy an Viet - Bi (2006) [5]: Dgy hgc vi md thuc chit la day hpc, frong dd su phiic tgp ciia tdp hpc binh thudng da dugc lam dan gian hda di de tap trung huan Iuy8n giao sinh hoan thanh nhflng bai tap dgc biet vl kT nang, d^ng thdi cho phep tang cudng giam sat thyc hanh va su ddng gdp nhiing y kien phan hdi dugc kip thdi

PPDHVM dugc tiln hanh theo mdt qui trinh gdm 6 budc [7] nhu sau:

Sogn gido dn (Plan): SV lua chpn ndi dung

va cac ky nang can ren tuyen, sau dd soan

mpt ke hoach dgy hpc theo mpt frinh tu hgp ti

ma cd the the hien dugc tdi da cac thanh phan

cua mdt nang tuc nao dd

Gidng dgy (Teach): SV tien hanh day mdt bai

hpc nhd theo ke hoach da chuan bi trudc Gid

hpc dien ra cd su tham du ciia giang vien

(GV) hudng dan va cac SV khac, cac SV nay

ddng vai frd vira la ngudi du va vua la ngudi

hgc Qua trinh nay dugc ghi hinh lai

Bdnh gid — Phdn hoi (Feedback): GV budng

dan cho tat ca SV xem lai gid day fren bang

ghi hinh (vdi sd ian can thiet), sau do tien

hanh phan tich, thao lugn, danh gia uu diem

va ban che ciia SV

Soan lgi gido dn (Replan): Dua fren nhung

nhan xet, danh gia, rut kinh nghiem d budc 3,

ngudi day tiln hanh sogn lai giao an

Gidng day lai (Reteach): SVday tai bai hgc

cii vdi giao an mdi Lan dgy nay ciing duoc

ghi hinh

Bdnh gid lai (Refeedback): SV day dugc GV

hudng dan va cac SV du gid danh gia lai

nham nit ra kit tuan va each iing xu phii hgp,

dgy hpc cd hieu qua ban

Qui trinh dgy hgc-theo PPDHVM cd thi md

tatheo sodd sau:

6 Oaiiti sia lai

(Refeedii^ck)

^ Dm b l

(ReteadO

1 Giausilav (Teachl '

.( Daiiligia-Phaii lioi {Feedback)

4 Soan lai aiao

ail iReplaii)

Sff d6 Qui irinh dgy hpc theo PPDHVM

Vai tro cua PPDHVM trong viec hinb

thanh va phat triln NLSP cho SV Tigu h^c

Qua phan tich qui trinh ciia PPDHVM kit

hgp vdi phan tich muc tieu cua nhiem vy ren

luyen nghiep vu cho SV nganh Giao dye Tieu hgc, chung tdi nhan thiy van dung PPDHVM frong qua frinh ren iuyen nghiep vu cho SV Tieu hpc la thicb hgp va cd tinh thuc tien cao Dieu nay khdng chi gop phan ddi mdi phuong phap va hinh thirc td chuc day hgc ma cdn hinh thanh va phat trien viing chic NLSP cho

SV vi nhifng ly do sau:

- Viic ghi hinh va xem lgi qud trinh dgy hpc:

khdng chi giup SV tu danh gia dugc mirc dp dgt dugc, thay dupc cac diem yeu cin ren lujen tich cue chii ddng frong viec dilu chinh NLSP cua ban than; ma cdn kich thich

SV quan tam den each iing xOr va tac phong cua ban than, kip thdi dieu chinh hanh vi ciia minh cho phu hgp vdi timg hoat dgng dgy hoc, dieu nay hinh thanh cho SV thdi quen iing xu

va tac phong mau muc cua ngudi thiy

- Ddnh gid - Phdn hdi: phat triln d SV kha

nang phan tich tinh hudng, kha nang ty danh gia, tu sua chua, ddng thdi giup SV tich tuy dugc nhieu kinh nghiem cho ban than, ty tin ban trong hgc tgp va cdng tac giang day sau nay

- Gidng dgy lgi: giiip SV cd ca hdi ren tuyen

va phat frien cac NLSP cin dugc ITnh hgi (it nhat hai tan) cho den khi dat dugc cac ning tuc dd

- Viic sir dung cdc thiit bi hiin dgi: ngoai tac

dung kfch thich SV hpc hdi dl bilt each su dung, viec nay cdn tam cho SV thay dugc hieu qua va su can thiet ciia viec iing dyng nhimg phuang tien dgy hgc hien dgi vao qua frinh day hoc Day la su trang bi ky nang nghe nghi?p rat can thiet cho SV trong thdi dgi ngay nay

- Ben canh nhimg ylu to tt^n, PPDHVM cdn phat trien d SV ky nang lam vi?c nhdm; thai

dp ngbiem tuc frong nhgn xet, danh gia, ty phe phan, tu siia chua; tinh thin doan kit va giup dd nhau frong hgc tap

To chirc ren luyen nghigp vu theo PPDHVM

Sau khi tit ca SV deu dugc ren luyen cac ky

bang, ky nang dgt cau hdi ), chiing tdi van

dung PPDHVM vao qua frinh ren luyen ket

hgp nhilu ky nang cho mgt ldp SV nganh

Giao dye Tieu hgc d tnrdng Dai hpc Dong

Thap theo 2 giai dogn nhu sau:

Giai dogn 1: Chudn hi

- GV cung cip cho SV khai niem, y nghTa

Cling nhu each thiic thuc hien ciia PPDHVM

va cac ky nang day hgc cin dugc hinh thanh

trong qua trinh ren luy?n nghiep vu GV cho

SV xem mpt dogn bSng ghi hinh mau va

hudng dan each thiic quan sat cac ky ning

can danh gia trong qua trinh ren tuyen

- SV dugc chia thanh cac nhdm nhd tit 7 - 10

sinh vien de ren tuyen, frong do mot SV se

ddng vai giao vien cac SV cdn lai se ddng vai

hpc sinh, vai trd ciia cac SV se luan phien

thay ddi trong qua trinh SV tu ren tuyen

- GV td chiic pban cdng SV chuan bi dgy cac

bai hpc cy the mpt each ngau nhien

- Mpt phdng hgc thuan tgi cho viec ren tuyen

nghi?p vy phai dupc trang bi cac thiet bi nhu'

may quay phim, may chieu, man hinh, bang

den, phan Trong trudng hgp thieu may

quay phim, may chieu cbiing ta cd the sir

dyng cac thiet hi thay the nhu: may anh ky

thugt sd hay di$n thogi di dgng cd chiic nang

PHIEU DANH Ngudi nhan xet:

Ngudi dgy:

Bai, muc day:

ghi am va gbi hinh, may tinh xach tay dimg

de frinh chieu doan hinh anh vira ghi dugc

- Philu danh gia gid day: chiing tdi thilt ke phieu danh gia theo 3 ITnh vuc bao gdm kJ nang, phucmg phap va ndi dung day hpc, GV can hudng dan cy the cac tieu chi can danh gia tuang ling vdi mdi ITnh vuc, de khi danh gia ITnh vux: nao, SV chi tap trung vao cac tieu chi

da ggi y san Mau phieu danh gia nhu ben dudi

Giai dogn 2: To chuc ren luyin kit hpp nhiiu ky nang theo PPBHVM

Sau khi hoan thinh giai doan chuan bj chiing tdi td chiic cho SV ren tuyen kit hgp nhilu ky nang theo PPDHVM Sau day chiing tdi se minh hpa trudng hgp mpt SV tap dgy bai

"Hinh hop chu nhat Hinh lap phuong" (trang

107, Toan 5)

Myc tieu ciia bai "Hinh hop chii nhat Hinh lap phuang" la giiip hgc sinh:

- Hinh tbanh dugc bilu tugng vl hinh hop chu nhgt va hinh tap phuang

- Nhgn biet dugc cac do vat trong thuc tien

CO dang hinh hop chu nhat va hinh lap phuong, phan biet dugc hinh hop chir nhat

va hinh lap phuang

- Chi ra dugc cac dac diem ciia cac yeu td ciia hinh hpp chfl nhat va hinh lap phuang, van dyng de giai cac bai tap cd lien quan GlA Old DAY

Ky ning 1 Phong cich, tu the, tic phong, ty tin

2 Ngon ngii' trong sang, dien dat r6 ring, mgch Igc

3 Cic loai cau hoi, ndi dung, tinh huong, giii quyet

4 ChO'viit diing, dep, frinh bay bang hgp ly

I, Truyen dat kifin thiic chinh xic, diy du, khoa hpc, he thong

Npi dung 2 Lim n6i bat upng tam kien thirc can day

3 Dim bio tinh giio due, tinh thuc tien

1 Sii dung, kSt hpp cic phuang phip d$c thii bp mon

2 T6 chiic Idp hpc sinh dpng, phli hap giiJa hogt dong thay va

Phuang phip hogt dOng cua tro, phat huy tfeh cue cua hpc sinh, sit doi tupng

3." Sir dyng tdt vi hpp ly cac phuong ti^n day hpc

Bai dgy nay cd the dupc chia thanh ba hogt

ddng thanh phin nhu sau:

- Hoat ddng 1: Gidi thieu hinh hop chu' nhgt

- Hogt ddng 2: Gidi thieu hinh tap phuang

- Hoat ddng 3: Thuc hanh nhan dien cac hinh

va cac yeu td cua binh

SV day chi chgn mdt frong 3 hogt dpng tren

de tap giang, cac hoat dgng cdn tgi SV cd the

tu ren luyen theo nhdm cung bang each van

dyng PPDHVM

Qua frinh tap giang cua SV theo PPDHVM

dien ra nhu sau:

Budc I Sogn gido dn (Plan)

SV van dung nhimg kien tbiic da hpc ty thiet

ke cac boat dgng day hpc cua bai ^'Hinh hop

chu nhgt Hinh lap phuang" theo muc tieu va

ndi dung cua chuan chuong trinh Viec thiet

ke cac hoat dpng day hgc dugc SV tu chuan

bi trudc khi den tdp

Birdc 2 Gidng day (Teach)

- SV dgy da chpn hogt dgng 1 (gidi thieu hinh

hop chu nhat) de dgy va tien hanh day trong

khoang thdi gian tir 10 - 15 pbiit theo ke

hoach da dugc chuan bi tu trudc

- O tan day nay, ke hoach dgy hpc dugc SV

dgy tu chuan bi theo nang tuc ciia ban than,

chua cd anh hudng tir nbung gdp y cua GV

hay cac SV khac

- Cd sy tham du cua GV va cac SV khac

- Qua trinh day hpc nay dugc ghi hinh tai

- Trong hoat ddng dgy nay, SV day cin dat

dugc cac tieu chi da neu trong phieu gia

Trong do, d ITnh vuc PPDH tieu chi 3 la rit

quan frpng vi dd diing dgy hgc la mdt cdng cu

quan trgng de gid day dgt hieu qua cao

Budc 3 Ddnh gid - Phdn hoi (Feedback)

- GV va nhdm SV (bao gdm SV vira day)

xem tgi bang ghi hinh, cd thi phat lai vdi sd

tan can thiet de nhdm SV quan sat sau sic,

phan tich ti mi

- Nhdm SV td chirc trao ddi danb gia timg

- GV theo doi qua frinh trao ddi va nhgn 3ret ciia nhdm SV sau do gdp y, nit kinh nghiem

va de xuat cai tien theo hudng van din^ nhung tri thiic da hpc cho ca nhdm SV

Budc 4 Sogn lgi gido dn (Replan)

Tren ca sd danh gia cua GV va cac SV khSc, ket hgp vdi viec tu danh gia cua ban than vl viec dgy, SV day se tien hanh thiet ke tai cac hogt ddng day hgc ciia ndi dung dgy ban dau

Budc 5 Gidng dgy lgi (Reteach) ' SV dgy tien hanh dgy lgi ngi dung ban diu voi

giao an mdi van cd sy tham dy ciia GV, nh«n

SV va gid day tiep tuc dugc ^ i hinb tgi

- CJ budc nay, sy the hien cac NLSP ciia SV dgy da cd sy chuan bj ky theo cac y kien dong gdp cua GV va cac ban SV khac chii khong phai chi trinh bay theo nang lyc san cd ciia ban than nhu tan day trudc

Budc 6 Ddnh gid lgi (Refeedback)

- GV va nhdm SV tiln hanh danh gia tgi nhu budc 2 (3 tan day thii hai SV dgy da khac

phuc dugc hau het cac nhugc diem ciia lan day trudc, chi cdn mdt vat Idi nhd SV cd the

tu khic phyc frong qua trinh tu ren luyen ciia ban than

- Trong tan danh gia nay GV can chii y tap trung danh gia nhiing ky nang ca ban, trpng tam nham dua ra each thiic giang day phii hgp, hieu qua de nhdm SV cd the hgc tap va lam theo, giup nhdm SV dat dugc nhung NLSP cin thilt

Cac budc 2, 3 4 cd the dugc lap lgi nhieu tan, theo nhdm hogc timg ca nhan khdng cin su co mat ciia GV, cho din khi SV lam chii dupc cac ky nang, NLSP can ren luyen Vdi nhihig tin dgy tu thu 2, thii 3 trd di cd the khdng can ghi hinh dl tiet kiem thdi gian

PPDHVM rat thich hgp van dung frong viec ren tuyen ket hgp nhieu ky nang, phuong phap na> giup SV cd them thdi gian va di^ kien de tu udn nan, siia cbira va ren tuy?n cac

ky nang su phgm, tung budc hinh thanh cac

ciing cd the ap dyng phuang phap nay frong

viec ren luyen cac kj? nang dan le cho SV

Tuy nhien, khi ap dung phucmg phap day hpc

nay GV luu y nen cd gang nhgn ra va ciing cd

cho SV each iing xir ca nban phii bgp vdi

nang luc cin ren luyen, hinh thanh phong

each su phgm cho mdi ca nhan, chir khdng ap

dgt, bupc SV phai hanh dpng theo mdt mlu

rgp khudn, ciing nhic

Nhirng han che khi day hoc ren luyen

nghiep vu theo PPDHVM

Vgn dyng PPDHVM vao qua frinh ren luyen

nghiep vy cho SV cd rat nhieu uu diem, song

nd cung cd mdt sd ban che nhat dinh nhu:

- Neu chia cat qua trinh ren luyen nang lyc

nghe nghiep thanh tirng manh vun rdi rgc thi

viec ren tuyen ning luc dgy hgc cho SV se frd

nen thi8u tinb be thdng va tinh chu dinh

- Phuang phap nay ddi hdi nhieu thdi gian r^n

luy^n tren Idp, frong khi thdi gian thuc hanh

cua SV cdn bgn chl

- Do mdi Idp hgc binh thudng dugc chia

thanh nhieu nhdm nhd nen can sd tugng tdn

phdng hpc, ddng thdi mdi phdng hgc cSn

dugc frang bi phuang tien, thiet bi bd trg dgy

hgc hi?n dgi frong khi trang thilt bj ciia nha

frudng hien tgi chi du dap ung cho m$t so lugng

nhd SV thuc hanh ren luyen nghiep vu bing

PPDHVM Hon niia, viec chia nhd nay ciing se

dan din thilu GV hudng din ren Iuy?n

KET LUAN

Trong qua trinh dao tgo SV su phgm hien nay

ngoai kien thiic chuyen mdn cdn ddi bdi ren

luy?n nhung ky nang, NLSP, PPDHVM ta

phuang phap dgy hpc tfeh cue, rit cd hi?u qua trong budc dau hinh thanh va phat frien NLSP cho SV su pham ndi chung va SV nganh Giao due Tilu hgc ndi rieng Viec nhan xet danh gia ciia GV, cac ban SV khac va ciia chinh ban than SV day khdng chi gdp phan phat triln NLSP cho SV ma cdn cd the phat huy dugc nang tyc phan tich cac tinh hudng su pham va phat trien kha nang cua SV trong viec tu danh gia, tu phe phan, ty siia chua Do

dd, chiing tdi nhan thay rang neu thuc te dieu kien va thdi gian dap iing thi vi§c sir dyng PPDHVM frong dgy hgc thuc hanh phuang phap giang day cho SV Tieu hgc la can thiet

va phil hgp ddi vdi viec ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc, nang cao chat tugng dao tgo giao vien Tieu bpc

TAI LiSU THAM KHAO

1 Bemd Meier - Nguyin Vin Cudng (2014), Li ludn dgy hgc hien dgi, Nxb DHSPHN

2 Le Dilc Ngpc (2005), Gido dvc dgi hpc phuong phdp dgy vd hgc, Nxb DHQGHN

3 Dang Thi Oanh, Duong Huy Cin, Tdng cudng hoat dpng lu hgc, lir ren luyen ky ndng su phgm cho sinh viin Hoa hgc bdng phuang phdp dgy hpc vimo Tap chf khoa hpc DHSP (2006), ISSN 0868

-3719,

4 Thieu Huy Thuit, Sir dung phuong phdp dgy hpc vi mo di ndng cao ndng luc suphgm cho GV,

Tap chf Giio due s6 242 nim 2010

5 Du in Viet - Bi (2006), Tap huan day vi hpc tich cue vi sir dyng thiet bj dgy hpc Hi Npi

6 Dwfght W Allen (!967), Microteaching- A Description, Stanford University

7

https://vi.scribd.com/doc/33600876/Micro-Teaching (A.S.Arut Lawrence Microteaching)

SUMMARY

APPLYING MICRO-TEACHING METHOD TO PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE TO FORM AND DEVELOP PEDAGOGIC COMPETENCE FOR STUDENTS OF ELEMENTARY PEDAGOGY

Nguyen Thi True Minb*, Tran Thuy Hoang Yen

Dong Thap University

Micro-teaching is considered as a students-centered teaching method The Micro-teaching method component competences ofthe teaching professfon In this study, we apply micro-teaching method

to professional training course to form and develop pedagogic competence for students of elementary pedagogy so that they are able to become qualified teachers to meet the current requirements of educational reform

Keywords: Micro-teaching, professional training, pedagogic competence

Ngdy nhgn bdi 30/01/2015; Ngdy phdn bi4n:25/02/2015; Ngdy duyet ddng: 03/4/2015

Phdn biin khoa hoc: TS Trdn Vift Cudng - Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm - DHTN

Tel 0907 653929