NGHIEN CIJU GIANG DAY LICH SU BANG G I A N G D A Y UCH s u DANG C O N G SAN VIET NAM THEO CHUONG TRINH MCH D 6 I VOI HE DAO TAO LY LUAN CHINH TRI CAO CAP PGS, TS NGUYEN TRQNG PHLIC* Thyc hien quyet dj[.]
Trang 1NGHIEN CIJU - GIANG DAY LICH SU BANG
G I A N G D A Y UCH s u DANG C O N G SAN VIET NAM
THEO CHUONG TRINH MCH D 6 I VOI HE DAO TAO
LY LUAN CHINH TRI CAO CAP
PGS, TS NGUYEN TRQNG PHLIC*
Thyc hien quyet djnh cua Bg Chinh trj
ve doi mrid vi ning cao chit lupng dio
tao dpi ngii cin bg linh dag, quin ly chu chrit
cua Ding, Nhi nuric v i ci he thring chinh trj,
Hpc vien Chinh trj - Hanh chinh quoc gia Ho
Chi Minh da xay dyng chuong trinh, giio trinh
mrii cho tit ca cac he dao tao, brii during cua ci
he thong Hpc vien Nam hgc 2008 - 2009,
Giim dric Hgc vien da quyet djnh mri hai Irip
thi diem giing day vi hgc tip theg chuong trinh
mrii doi voi he dio tao ly luan chinh trj cao cap
tai tmng tim Hgc vien
Theo yeu ciu drii mrid ngi dung va phuong
phap giing day, hgc tap huong vio ren luyen,
nang cao ning lyc lanh dao, quin ly, ning cao
nang lyc van dung ly luin vio thyc tien, ren
luyen tu duy chien luge cua ngurid cin bri lanh
dao, quin ly chuong trinh dio tao mod khring
hpc tap theo cic mon hpc mi theo cic khoi kien
thirc Cic khrii kiln thirc dri khring chi frang bj
kien thirc mi tao nen sy nhin thirc thong nhit
• I kx vien CT-HC Quric gia 116 Chi Minh
trong tinh da dang cua tri thirc ly luin vi thyc tien ning tim nhin thirc vi ning lyc m duy cua ngurii can bp lanh dao, quin ly trong he thring chinh trj, nang cao ky ning van dung trong thyc hien nhiem vu lanh dao, quin ly
Vrii noi dung, ket ciu chuong trinh mrii dao tao ly luan chinh trj cao cap tai tmng tam Hpc vien, mrin ljch sir Dang Cong sin Viet Nam dugc xiy dyng theo khrii kien thirc ve quan diem, during loi cua Dang Cgng sin Viet Nam
Chuong trinh mrii grim cic chuyen de: Sir ra
doi ciia Dang Cgng sdn - bu&c ngoat eiia each mgng Viet Nam; Cuong linh chinh tri ddu tien eiia Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam - gid tri ly lugn
vd thuc tien; Su sdng tgo trong viec hogch dinh
vd phdt trien todn diin du&ng loi cdch mgng gidi phdng ddn tgc (1930 - 1975); Ly lugn vd thuc tiin cdch mgng XHCN & Viet Nam giai dogn 1954 - 1986; Du&ng loi ddi m&i ciia Ddng vd Cuong linh xdy dung ddt nu&c trong th&i ky qud do len CNXH a Viet Nam (1991) -Sir phdt triin ly lugn vd thue tiin; Giir virng muc tieu dgc lap ddn tdc vd CNXH trong cdch
Trang 2NGHIEN coo-GIANG OAY UCH SO OANG
mgng Viet Nam; Dgi dodn ket ddn tgc vd xdy dod Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam Ngi dung dimg Mat trgn ddn tgc thong, nhdt trong qud chuyen de ciing lim ro vai fro ciia lanh tu trinh doi m&i Nguyen Ai Quoc vi cic dong chi, hgc frri cua
Cung vod 7 chuyen de eg bin tren day, nhieu Nguod frong viec chuan bj nhiing dieu kien ve vin de thugc quan diem during lrii cua Ding tu tuong, ly luan, ve chinh trj va ve to chiic, can con dugc trinh bay o cic chuyen de khic nhu bg chg sy ra dod cua Ding Tap trung lim ro during loi chinh sich eiia Dang ve xiy dyng he qui trinh ket hgp chu nghla Mac - Lenin voi thgng chinh trj; ve xiy dyng Nhi nuric phip phgng frag cring nhan va phgng trig yeu nuoc quyen XHCN cua nhan dan, dg nhin dan, vi Viet Nam dan tod sy ra dod Ding Cgng san nhin dan; ve during loi, chinh sich doi ngoai; Neu bat vai fro va sy phit trien khach quan cua during loi quoc phring, an ninh; during loi chinh tiing nhan to do Ly luan chu nghia Mic -sich dan tgc; during loi phit trien van hria va Lenin dugc lanh tu Nguyen Ai Quric nhan thiic cic chinh sach xa hgi vi during lrii xay dung tren mgt tu duy sing tag khga hgc, Nguod nam phit trien nen kinh te thi tmong djnh huong bit bin chat cich mang, khoa hgc vi phuong XHCN Khoi kien thirc ve Ding vi xiy dyng phip sing tao ciia hgc thuyet dri de fruyen ba
Ding dugc xiy dyng vi hgin chinh them frgng vig phong trio x,bng nhan vi phong trao yeu
do CO lich sir cong tic xiy dyng Ding nuric Viet Nam Phgng trig cring nhan va Nhu vay, ljch sir Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam phgng frig yeu nuoc Viet Nam nhirng nim dau dugc xay dyng trong chuong trinh mod ngiy the ky XX die biet la nhung nam 20 dugc trinh cing phgng phu, mri rgng hon, dong thrid chu biy va nhin thirc ro hon vod sy giic ngg, trpng tong ket nhung gii trj ly luin, thyc tien tmong thinh cua chinh cic phong frio dri vi sy trong suot qui trinh linh dao ciia Ding va tiep nhin mgt cich hr giac nhiing gii tri tu huring vio thyc hien tot hon nhiing vin de ve tuong, ly luan Chuyen de lim ro quy luat ra chien luge, sich luge cua Ding trong dieu kien dod cua Dang tren co so ket hgp 3 yeu to fren Ding linh dao vi cam quyen hien nay Cic day vi huong tod nhin thirc quy luat xay dyng chuyen de mod dugc bien sgan vi giing day thi Ding hien nay khi Ding xic djnh: Ding Cgng diem da buric diu chg thay huong doi mod do sin Viet Nam li dgi tien phgng cua giai cap
la dung Chuong trinh giang day, hgc tap theg cring nhan, dring thoi la dgi tien phong cua chuyen de vira tiep can ri gric dg khga hgc ljch nhan dan lag dgng vi ciia din tgc Viet Nam
sir Ding \ara tiep can b gric dg khga hgc chinh Chuyen de ciing nhan manh gii trj buric ngoat
tri, khoa hgc lanh dao vi quin ly cich mang cua sy kien Dang Cgng san Viet
Chuyen de Su ra d&i Ddng Cgng sdn - bu&c Nam ra dod
ngoat cita cdch mgng Viet Nam tip tmng tong Chuyen de Cuong linh chinh tri ddu tien cua
ket vi trinh biy ro nhung yeu cau khich quan Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam - gid tri ly lugn va
vi sy van dpng tit yeu cua ljch sir din trie, sy ra thuc tien tip tmng trinh biy qui trinh hinh
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Trang 3NGHIEN COO - G I A N G OAY LICH SO OANG
thinh Cuong linh vrid nhung quan diem chinh thien du&ng Idi each mgng gidi phdng ddn tdc
tn cua Nguyen Ai Quric vi muc tieu chinh tri (1930 - 1975) tip frung lim sing tri ngi dung
cua cic tri chirc tien thin cua Ding: Hgi Viet during loi diu franh giii phong dan trie, giinh
Nam each mgng thanh nien vi Tdn Viet cdch chinh quyin va during lrii chiln tranh cich
mgng Ddng cuoi nam 1929 diu 1930 da mang frong cugc khing chiln chring thyc din
chuyen thinh 3 tg chirc cgng sin b Viet Nam Phip vi dl quoc My xam luge Sy sing tao cua
Chuyen de neu bit nhung quan diem cua Ding trong cich mang giii phring din trie va
Nguyen Ai Quric trong nhung tic phim nhit li khing chiln dya tren hgc thuylt Mic - Lenin
tic pham Bdn dn che do thuc ddn Phdp (1925) vi m mring Hri Chi Minh ve cich mang giii
va Du&ng Kdch menh (1927) Chuyen de lam phring din trie, cich mang thugc dja, hgc thuyet
ro CO sri ly luan va thyc tien cua Cuong ITnh quin sy cua cich mang vo sin vi tmyen thong
dau tien dugc thring qua tai Hgi nghi thinh lip dinh giic, giir nuric cua dan trie Viet Nam
Dang Cuong linh chinh trj diu tien cua Ding Trgng chuyen de da lam sang tri nrii dung Cdch
Cong sin Viet Nam li sin phim ciia sy van mgng tu sdn ddn quyin {1930), Cdch mgng gidi
dung vi phit trien sing tao chu nghTa Mac - phdng ddn tdc nhiing nam 1939 - 1945 va sau
Lenin vio thyc tien cich mang Viet Nam thong Cich mang thing Tim, cich mang Viet Nam
qua tu turing vi sy van dung cua lanh hi vin li each mang giii phring din trie, khii niem
Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh nguod sing cich mang din trie dan chu nhin dan dugc de
lap Ding Gii trj ly luin cua cugng ITnh li gin ra tir Dai hgi 11 cua Ding (2 - 1951) vi phit
lien mgt cich tat yeu sy nghiep giii phring din trien hoin chinh di den thing lgi nim 1975 Dri
trie ri mot nuric thuoc dja nhu Viet Nam vod sy li nhirng nic thang phit trien sing tao cua
nghiep giii phring giai cap, giii phring xa hrii vi Ding trong pham trii cich mang giii phring din
con ngurii, nhan thirc tinh thring nhit lgi ich trie, sing tao, dung dan trong xic djnh muc tieu
giai cap vrii lgi ich din trie, thiy ro dgng lyc to chien luge, doi mgng, xiy dyng phit trien lyc
Ion cua chu nghTa din trie chin chinh, cua kbit lupng cich mang vi sing tao ve sach luge,
vpng dric lap dan trie, gin lien dpc lip din trie phuong phip cich mang Cich mang cri quy
vrii CNXH Cuong ITnh chinh trj diu tien cri gii luat cua nri vi chien tranh each mang cri quy
trj chi dao thyc tien can bin vi siu sic, bio luat phit trien rieng Thanh cring Irin cua Ding
dam cho each mang Viet Nam tii nim 1930 den ve phuong dien ly luin vi thyc tien la da van
nay di tir thing lgi nay den thing lgi khac vi di dung, ket hpp nhuin nhuyen quy luat phit trien
den ben bri ve vang nhu ngiy nay cua cich mang giii phring dan trie, cua khing
Neu ri hai chuyen de tren nghien cim vi lim chien (chien tranh cich mang) trgng quy luat
ro nhung vin de co bin trong toin bri tien trinh van dgng cua cich mang din trie din chu nhin
each mang Viet Nam thi ri chuyen de Su sdng din, sy phat trien hgc thuyet quin sy Viet Nam
igo trong viec hogch dinh vd phdt tt-ien hodn trong thrii dai Ho Chi Minh
TAP CHI LICH SO OANG-SO 1/2009 63
Trang 4NGHIEN COO - GIANG OAY LICH SO OANG
Qui trinh Ding lanh dao cich mang va thyc tien phii tien hinh cring cugc drii moi XHCN cri the chia ra 2 giai doan truofc vi D6i mod li yeu cau birc thiet cua cugc song
sau doi moi Chuyen de Ly luan vd thuc tien nham dua dit nuo'c ra khoi khung hoing kinh
cdch mgng XHCN & Viet Nam giai dogn te - xa hgi Drii moi la sira chira nhirng nhan
1954 - 1986 trinh bay nhirng die diem, nhan thirc khring diing ve cic quy luat khach quan,
thirc va during loi cich mang XHCN cua nhat li nhirng quy luat cua thrii ky qua do len
Ding b mien Bac va ci nuri'c truric drii mrii CNXH, khic phuc tu duy big thu, tri tre va ca Die diem nrii bit cua cich mang XHCN b chu quan, duy y chi, nring vgi Drii mod, cai
Viet Nam la tir mgt nuric nring nghiep lac cich, cii tg li xu huong dung dan vi can thiet hau, san xuat nho li pho bien tien thing len cua cic nuric XHCN Chuyen de lam rg nhiing
CNXH bri qua giai dgan phit trien TBCN ngi dung co ban trgng du&ng loi doi m&i do
Can phii nhan thirc siu sic die diem do Dai hgi VI cua Ding (12 - 1986) de ra va sy cung vrii mgt sri die diem khic de van dung bri sung phit trien surit qui trinh drii moi
ly luin ve CNXH mgt cich sing tag, tim ra Chuyen de ciing trinh bay ngi dung Cuong quy luat, hinh thirc, buric di rieng cua Viet linh xdy dung ddt nu&c trong th&i ky qud do Nam Tren the girii, cic nuric XHCN da dat len CNXH dugc thgng qua tai Dai hgi VII cua
dugc nhirng thinh tyu quan trgng nhung Ding (6 - 1991) Lam rg nhung kinh nghiem ciing dirng truric nhieu vin de ly luan vi xiy dyng CNXH truoc diy, nhung die diem thyc tien cin lim sing tri Hgi nghj cic ding cua qui dg len CNXH o Viet Nam Mri hinh 6 cgng sin vi cring nhin (nam 1957 vi 1960) die trung cua xa hgi XHCN mi Viet Nam
da buric diu cri sy tong ket ly luin vi thyc phin diu xay dyng Cuong ITnh neu ro 7 tien 0 Viet Nam, cong cugc xay dyng phuong huong co bin cua qua trinh xay dyng CNXH da dat dugc nhieu thinh tyu nhung CNXH vi bio ve To quoc Cuong ITnh neu ro ciing bgc 16 nhieu ban che, khuyet diem, myc tieu tring quit phii dat trii khi kit thiic nhat li ve phit frien kinh tl Qui trinh lanh thrii ky qua dg Hon 20 nam qua Ding vi nhan dao cich mang XHCN ciing li qua frinh dan Viet Nam da thyc hien thing lgi during loi Ding timg buric nhin thirc ro hon vl ly luin drii moi vi xiy dyng CNXH theg Cugng ITnh
vi thyc hen Ket hgp doi mrii tu duy ly luin 1991 Qui trinh drii moi cung chinh la qua voi khig nghiem, tring ket thyc tien dl di trinh phat triin ly luan va thyc tien Nhan thirc den thyc hien cong cugc doi mrii vl CNXH vi cgn during di len CNXH of Viet
Chuyen de Du&ng loi doi m&i ciia Ddng vd Nam da ngay cang sing to hon
Cuong linh xdy dung ddt nu&c trong th&i ky Gin 80 nam lanh dao cich mang Dang qud do len CNXH & Viet Nam (1991) - Su Cgng sin Viet Nam da tich luy dugc nhilu kinh phdt trien ly lugn vd thuc tien Chuyen de nay nghiem, bii hgc cri gii trj ly luan vi thyc tien
lam rri nhihig yeu cau khach quan ve ly luan 6 moi ching during cich mang, moi nhiem ky
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Trang 5NGHIEN c o o - G I A N G OAY UCH SLf OANG
Dai hrii Ding tgin quric Ding deu coi trgng sire manh bio dim sy tmring trin cua din trie
tong ket ly luin vi thyc tien Trong chuong Viet Nam trong ljch sir dyng nuric vi giir
frinh dio tao ly luin chinh trj cao cip ri tmng nuoc Dri li mgt ngi dung eg bin trong tu
tim Hgc vien de cap 2 bii hgc Ion theo dri xiy mring Ho Chi Minh, kit tinh gia tri tmyin
dung thinh 2 chuyen de thring cua din trie vi nguyen ly cua chu nghTa
Chuyen de Giit vimg muc tieu dgc lap ddn Mic - Lenin Dai dgan ket din trie nhim tip
tgc vd CNXH trong cdch mgng Viet Nam hgp va xay dyng lyc lupng each mang cua
Chuyen de niy chu trpng tong ket vi lam ro toin din, do li vin de chien luge cua cich
nhin thirc cua Ding ve dgc lip din trie vi mang Murin xiy dyng dugc khrii dai doin
CNXH qua cic thoi ky, giai doan cich mang ket dan trie Ding linh dag phii de ra cuong
Nhan thirc dri dya tren eg sri ly luan chu ITnh, during lrii chinh trj dung din phu hgp
nghTa Mic - Lenin vi tu mring Hri Chi Minh vrii thyc tien dat nuric, dip img nguyen vgng,
ve dpc lip din trie vi CNXH, dya tren thyc lgi ich cua mgi tang lop, giai cip trong cgng
tien each mang Viet Nam Nhin thirc ve dgc dring din trie Mgt trong nhirng thinh cring
lap dan trie va CNXH dugc the hien trong nrii bat cua Ding trong linh dao cring cugc
during loi, cuong ITnh cua Ding vi phit trien doi mrii li neu cao chien luge dai dgin ket
ngay cang hgin thien Chuyen de lim ro moi dan trie, lay muc tieu chung din giau, nuric
quan he mat thiet giu:a dgc lap din trie vi manh, xa hgi cring bing, din chu, vin minh
CNXH, dgc lip dan trie li tien de, dieu kien lim diem tuong dong, dong thai chu trgng
de di trii CNXH, CNXH bio dim dgc lap dan den lgi ich rieng cua timg giai cip, tang Irip,
trie virng chic vi triet de Chuyen de ciing ca nhan khong trii vrii lgi ich chung cua dan
lam ro nhung nhin thirc mrii ve dgc lap din trie During loi drii mrii li hgp vrii lgi ich cua
trie va CNXH thring qua cong curie doi mrii nhan dan, phit huy dugc toi da ngi lyc, tao
tir dri khing djnh quy luat phit trien tat yeu dieu kien de tranh thu ngoai lyc, ket hgp sire
cua cich mang Viet Nam li dric lip din trie manh din trie vrii sire manh thai dai Cung
gin lien voi CNXH voi xiy dung, cung co Mat trin Tri quoc Viet
Chuyen de Dgi dodn kit ddn tgc vd xdy Nam, Ding cham lo xiy dung vi phit huy vai
dung Mat trdn ddn tgc thdng nhdt trong qud trri cua cic tri chirc doin the nhan din, da
trinh ddi m&i huong vio trinh bay de lim ro dang hria cic hinh thu'c tri chirc vi tap hpp lyc
mot trong nhiing bai hgc Irin cua cich mang lugng toan dan trie
Viet Nam la thyc hien chien luge dai dgan ket Ljch sir Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam la qua
dan trie vi xiy dyng Mat tran din trie thring trinh boat dgng lanh dao diu tranh vo cung
nhat cua loan bri tien trinh each mang Viet phong phu va ve vang cua Ding nham tap
Nam, nhat li trong qui trinh drii moi Dai hpp doan ket giai cap cong nhan nhin din lao
doan ket dan trie li tmyen thring sing tao nen dring vi toin dan trie thuc hien nhifrig muc tieu
TAP CHI UCH SO OANG-SO 1/2009 65
Trang 6NGHIEN COTJ - GIANG OAY UCH SIJ DANG
gianh dgc lap din trie vi thong nhit To quoc, sic hon con during phit frien cua cich mang va xiy dyng thinh cong CNXH vi cugc sring trit dan tgc Viet Nam
dep, hanh phuc cua nhin din Dri cung li ljch Trgng mgt chuong trinh dao tao, du he sir dau tranh, phin dau xay dyng mgt Ding thring cic chuyen de da dugc bien sgan vo'i co cich mang kieu moi xiing ding vai tro lanh ging cao rtiiat, du cic giing vien da sir dung dao, cam quyen vi khong ngimg hoan thien kinh nghiem vi phuong phip giod thieu tot phuong thirc lanh dao, cim quyen nang cao nhat, cQng khong the nao the hien dugc toan sire chien dau cua Dang Ljch su Ding Cgng bg tien trinh ljch sir vg cung phgng phu, sinh sin Viet Nam ciing li qui trinh Ding van dgng va ve vang cua Ding Hgn nti'a, khi dung vi phit trien sing tao chu nghia Mac - giing day vi hgc tip theg cac chuyen de, mac Lenin vio thyc tien cich mang Viet Nam, van dii phii dya tren nen ting li hien thyc ljch sii dung tu tuong Ho Chi Minh vi ren luyen nhung ciing khong the cri dieu kien de cap Ding theo tim guong dag diic cich mang cua nhieu tod cic sy kien ljch sir Nghien cim va
Ho Chi Minh Lich sir Ding Cgng sin Viet giing day ljch sir vi ljch sur Dang khong the
Nam voi muon vin thyc tien ljch sir soi dgng, chi dimg lai b trinh biy sy kien va dien bien
hio hiing dong thrid the hien nhirng kinh ljch su mi quan trgng hon la ket qua cua nghiem rieng, eon during vi gii trj ly luin, quy nhiing gii trj tong ket ly luan vi thyc tien luat rieng cua toan bg tien trinh cich mang Giing day theg chuyen de drii hrii cic giang Viet Nam Dri con li ljch sir hy sinh, phan diu vien phii hr minh ning cao trinh dg, ren luyen ganh liet cua bao the he nhiing ngurii cgng tu duy logic, ning lyc tong ket ci ly luan va sin, nhung cin bg lanh dag tmng kien ri tat ci thyc tien, drii mrid phuong phip tiep can noi cic cip trong he thong to chu'c Ding Dri ciing dung va phuong phip trinh biy
li lich sir chien dau, hy sinh cua dong bio cua Giing day Ljch sir Ding Cgng sin Viet nhin din ci nuric, brii dap vig nhiing trang sir Nam theg cic chuyen de ciing drii hrii hgc vien
ve vang cua Ding drii mrii phuong phip hgc tip, nang cag nang Nhung cring trinh ljch sir chinh thiic cua lyc tu duy dgc lap, kha ning phin tich dinh gia toin Ding vi cua cic dang bg dja phuong da vi hi dri ning cag ning lyc nhin thirc ly luan va dang huong vao nghien cun, bien soan vi tong thyc tien Giing vien can phii huong hgc vien ket nhifrig vin de eg bin dri Chuong trinh dio ting curing va chu dgng trag drii, thig luin de tag cua Hgc vien Chinh trj - Hinh chinh quric lam sang tri qui trinh Ding van dung ly luan gia Hg Chi Minh ciing nhu trong he thong giao chu nghia Mic - Lenin, tu mring Hri Chi Minh, due dao tao dai hgc, cag ding cua Nhi nuric nhiing thinh cong, sai lam vi vip vip, huong ciing grip phin vio tong ket nhiing vin de ly hgc vien cung tham gia grip phin vag tring ket luan vi thyc tien cua cich mang Viet Nam vi lam sing tri nhung vin dl vl nhin thirc ly luan lim cho mgi nguod nhan thirc ngay cing siu vi thyc tien cua cich mang Viet Nam
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