OAO TAO S l I N LUAT vdl CUOC 1 SINH VIEN NGHIEN Ciiu KHOA HOC JHIIC TRANG VA G M 1 Nhung loi ich ciia viec tham gia hoat dong nghien cun khoa hoc doi voi sinh vien Nhung boat dpng nghign ciin khoa hp[.]
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S l I N LUAT vdl CUOC 1 SINH VIEN NGHIEN Ciiu KHOA HOC JHIIC TRANG VA G M
1 Nhung loi ich ciia viec tham gia hoat
dong nghien cun khoa hoc doi voi sinh vien
Nhung boat dpng nghign ciin khoa hpc
(nghign ciin khoa hpc) sinh vign cd thg kg ra
nhu: Cdc dang bdi tap tin cbi theo mdn hpc,
eac dien dan ludt hpc, npi san, tap san, cdc
cupc thi Olympic cdc mdn hpc, eac buoi thao
luan chuygn dg, hpi thao, cdc cau lac bp hpc
thuat,' ' cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa
hpc hdng nam do Bp gido dye va ddo tao id
cbii'c Cd thg ngu ra ngdn gpn mpt sd lgi ich
cua sinh vign kbi tham gia boat ddng nghign
ciru khoa hpc ndi chung vd cupc thi sinh vign
nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi rigng nhu sau:
Thir nhut, viec tham gia cdc boat dpng
nghign ctru khoa hpc giup sinh vign co noi
dg dp dung cdc kign thirc da hpc mpt edch
hieu qua, tigp thu thgm kign thtrc tir nhirng
ngudn khde nhau dg ddnh gid vd hodn thien
nhirng kign thirc cua bdn than Tbdng qua
cdc dien dan trao ddi hpc thuat, tranh ludn
ede tinh hudng phdp li dya trgn co sd ngn
tang li ludn ciia nha trudng; cac budi dign dn
giiip sinh vign higu sau vd cd thgm nhiing
kign thirc td tyng chua dugc gidng day trong
chuang trinh hpc, higu thgm nhu'ng cdng
viec tai phign tda Bgn canh dd, qua cdc
boat dpng nay, sinh vign ciing se tim tdi,
phdt hien ra nhtrng van dg cdn khue mac dg
ed thg nhd dgn sy tu van ciia thdy cd trong
cdc gid gidng trgn ldp hpc
Thir hui, tham gia ede boat dpng nghign
TRUONG HONG QUANG *
ciru khoa hpc giup ren luyen bdn ITnh sinh vien ludt Mdt sd boat ddng nhu: Cdc cau lac
bp bgc thuat, cac cupc lbi,'~' cac dign dan, budi dien dn* ' giup cho sinh vign dugc tham gia vdo cdc boat dgng dodn tbg mang tinh hpc thuat, nang cao tinb nang dpng, kha nang himg bien, dign tbuygt vd tranh luan trudc ddm ddng vg cdc vdn dg lien quan dgn hpc thudt hay tigp can dugc thyc tg nhigu ban Tai cdc boat ddng ndy, sinh vign dugc thodi mai trinh bdy y kien cd nhan ciia minh (ma ddi khi trgn ldp khdng cd mdi trudng de tbg hien) vdi cdc sinh vign khde vd cd the hpc hdi, bd sung lan nhau mpt each hieu qua Cdc boat dpng ndy vtra mang lai kign thirc chuyen mdn vtra giiip cho sinh vign ludt tir lin hon vdi nhung kT nang edn thigt dugc ren luyen qua tirng ngdy
Thie bu, tham gia nghign ciru khoa hpc
dac biet Id cude thi sinh vign nghign ciai khoa hpc hdng nam se giup sinh vign ren luyen kT nang vigt, phan tieh, tdng hgp ldi lieu thdng qua viec thyc hien dg lai nghign ciru Dac biet vdi kl nang vigt - mgt trong nhtrng digm ygu ciia sinh vign ndi chung vd sinh vien luat hien nay tbi hieu qud mang lai ttr boat dpng nghign ciru khoa bgc Id khdng thg phii nhan Bat cir kT nang, kinh nghiem ndo ciing cdn dupe ren luyen thudng xuygn vd cd phuong phdp nbat dinb cho ngn viec tham gia nghign
Vien khoa hoc phap li, Bd tu phap
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cim, vigt lign tye se giiip cho sinh vign nhdn
ra dugc nhirng diem ygu ciia minh va tim
each khac phyc cting nhu phan dau dg cd
duge khd nang tdt bon Day la bude tap dirgt
tdt cho viec vigt khod ludn lot nghiep va khi
ra trudng sinh vign cd thg thyc hien dugc
ngay cdng viec nghign ciru theo nhiem vy
dugc giao hoac bgc lgn cao bpe.''*'
2 Mot so thuc trang trong cuoc thi
sinh vien nghien ciiu khoa hoc ciia sinh
vien luat hien nay
Qua kinh nghiem mdt sd nam tham gia
boat ddng nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi chung vd
cupc thi sinh vign nghign cim khoa hpc noi
rigng, ehiing tdi cd mdt sd nhan dinh vd danh
gid vg thuc trang ciia boat diing ndy nbu sau:'"
2.1 Nhgn thiec ve hogt dpng nghien cicu
khou hoc cuu sinh vien
Cd thg nhdn thay mpt trong nhtrng ygu td
quan trpng dnh hudng dgn chat lupng ciia
• cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi
rigng va boat dpng nghign cim khoa hpc sinh
vign ndi chung la nhan thirc ciia sinh vign vg
boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc Ttr trudc
dgn nay, hau hgt cdc sinh vign dgu cho rang:
- Nghign ciin khoa hpc Id phai vigt cdng
trinh, dg tdi nghign ciru cdn nhtrng dang bdi
tap tin chi, cdc cudc tbi Olympic cdc mdn
hpc, eac bdi bdo khdng phdi la nghign eiru
khoa hpc;
- Nghign ciru khoa bpe la hoat dpng chi
ddnh cho nhu'ng sinh vign gidi hay nhiing
nhd nghign ciru d nhtrng vien nghign ciru,
tru'dng dai hpc vdi quy md liin;
- Khoa hpc phdp li Id mpt trong nhtrng
nganh khoa hpc xa bpi, cung nhu nhtrng
nganh khoa hpc xa hpi-nhan van khac, kgt
qua nghign eiru trong khoa hpc phap li cd thg
dugc nhin nhan, ddnh gia theo nhtrng quan digm khac nhau, nhigu liie trdi ngugc nhau tai mdi thai digm cy thg Ngodi ra, viec irng dyng kgt qud nghign ciru vao thyc tign khdng nhu cdc khoa hpc ty nhign, tirc hieu qud mang lai khdng tirc thi va rd rang cho ngn trong suy nghT ciia da so sinh vign la chi cd cdc nganh ty nhign mdi la khoa hpc, vi vay phdn ldn sinh vign khdng man md vdi viec nghign cim trong ITnh vyc phdp li."''
Chinh nhung nhan thirc khdng dimg dan trgn da dan dgn tinh trang sinh vign khdng thyc hien boat dpng nghign cii'u khoa hpc, hay thyc hien boat dpng nay ma khdng nhan thirc dugc Thuc lg da cho thdy sd lugng sinh vign ludt tham gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc khd it so vdi tdng so sinh vign ciia ca trudng Cd thg lay vi dy nhu tai Trirdng Dai hpc Luat Ha Npi, binh quan hang nam chi cd khoang 5 0 - 6 0 cdng trinh ciia 150 sinh vign/tdng sd sinh vign loan trudng (bon 5000) tham gia cupc thi.' ' Nhin chung, li do ctia van dg nay la cdc co sd dao tao luat chua cd nhirng hinh tbire tuygn truygn cting nhu phd bign kien thirc va nhtrng nhdn bigt co bdn vg nghign ciru khoa hpc cho sinh vign dan dgn nhtrng suy nghT lech lac, dnh hudng dgn chat lugng nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign, thg hien cy thg trong cupc tbi sinh vign nghign cun khoa hpc hang nam Bgn canh do,- nigm say mg nghign ciru ciia sinh \ ign khdng dugc khoi nguon, ham ndng, boi trong qua trinh giang day gidng vign da vat kiet nhung kign thirc vd higu bigt ciia minh truygn dat cho sinh vign.' * Sinh vign tigp nhdn kign thirc dy nhu la chuan myc duy nhat diing va da la tan cting md hdu nhu khdng cdn van dg gi phai suy nghT, phat
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trign hoac tim ldi nghign eiru Sy ddc lap va
kha nting suy nghT, sang tao, nigm dam mg
nghign eiru eua sinh vign dan dan thay thg
bang su tigp thu bi diing.' '
2.2 Vc cuch thirc id ehiec cupc thi
Khde vdi hoiit dpng nghign ciru khoa hoc
sinh vign noi ehung la boat dpng thudng
xuygn lign tye, xuyen sudt vd gan lign vdi
nhiem vy hpc tap ctia mdi sinh vign, cupc tbi
sinh vign nghign ciru khoa bpe mang tinh
thdi vu (mpt nam td chirc mpt ldn) vd ddnh
eho loan bp sinh vign he chinb quy ciia
trudng Cd thg nhan thdy quy trinh danh gid,
tuyen chpn cong trinh du thi cap bp ciia cdc
trudng dgu dam bao linh cdng bang, cbinh
xde Hau hgt cdc cdng trinh dy thi cap bd dgu
dat giai chinh Id minh chirng cho nhdn xet
nay.'"" Tuy nhign, van dg td chirc cupc thi d
cdc CO so dao tao luat hien nay edn cd miit
so digu bat cap nhu sau:
Thir nhut, thdi digm phdt diing cupc thi
ehua hgp li: Thdng thudng, cae trudng phai
niip cdc san pham nghign ciru klioa hpc cua
sinh vign'"' lgn Bp gido dye va ddo tao vdo
thang 8 hoac thdng 9 hang nam Cd Irudng
tir liic phdt dpng dgn liic nop cdng trinb chi
CO 4 - 5 thdng, tham cbi chi 3 thang Trong
khi dd, dg cdng trinh cd chat lugng tbi thdi
gian danh cho nd 3, 4 hay 5 ihdng la khd
ngan Hdu hgt cdc sinh vign thudng dgi
trirdng trign khai, phat dpng mdi tign hanh
thue hien dg tai eho ngn vdi khodng thdi gian
ngan nbu thg da dan dgn chat lugng ciia cdc
dg lai khong ciio, chiim trg vg tign dp thuc
hien so vdi quy djnh Tbdng thudng dg tdi
cap trudng can thdi gian it nhat Id 6 thdng
dgn 1 nam dg trign khai va thyc hien Tuy
nhign, cting cd mpt sd trudng da trign khai
cucDe thi trang vong 1 nam va bgn canh do
cting cd mdt bp phan sinh vien da chu ddng thyc hien de tai trudc khi trudng phat ddng
Thie hui, mpt sd noi khdng td chirc hpi
nghj nghign ciru khoa bpe sinh vign dg cac edng trinh dat chdt lugng cao ttr 2 vdng ehdm ddc lap dugc bdo cao vd phdn bien trude bdi ddng khoa hpc: Digu nay da dan dgn tinb trang mdt sd cdng trinh dugc chpn
di dy thi cap bp nhigu khi khdng cd dugc dinh budng hoan thien cdng trinh tir hpi ddng; khdng bigt dugc danh gid, nhan dinh ciia giang vign cham hai vdng ra sao So vdi cdc ngdnh khde, nganh ludt cd dac thti can sy phan bien eao hon nhigu dac biet la trong hoat ddng nghign ciru khoa hpc rat can tu duy phan bien xa bdi Nhin chung, ddi vdi sinh vign ludt, lu duy phdn bien la ygu td cdn thigt va cdn dugc ren luyen, do dd viee khdng
td chire hgi nghi nay ddi vdi cudc thi d cap trudng thyc sy Id thigu sdt ldn Tat nhign, de
td chirc hpi nghi nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign cdn can nhigu ygu td khde nhu sd lupng cdng trinh, sd lugng sinh vign tham gia cupc thi nam dd, sy phti hgp vg mat thdi gian nhimg cting ngn nhin nhdn rang chinh cdc ygu
td nay da phdn dnh mirc do tham gia nghign ciru khoa bgc sinh vign ciia trudng vd su to chirc cupc thi dat chdt lugng nbu thg ndo
Thic hu, viec thdng tin vd tuygn truygn vg
qua trinii ciing nbu tbg le cugc thi cdn chua dat ygu cdu: Nhigu sinh vign khdng nam rd quy trinh va thg le cupc thi dan dgn thyc hien sai quy dinh hinh thirc vd xudt hien nhtrng higu ldm khdng ddng cd Digu ndy xudt phat tir hai phia: edng tdc tuygn truygn ciia dpi ngu can bp dodn, hpi chua tdt, ddi liic khdng nhiet tinb va chua cd y thirc cao; nhigu sinh vign chua cbii ddng tigp can, cap nhdt thdng tin vg cudc tbi
Trang 4DAO TAO
2.3 Ve qud trinh thuc hien de lui nghien
cicu khou hoc cuu sinh vien luul
Qua thirc tign mpt sd nam tham gia cupc
thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc va co tham
khdo mpt sd ddnh gid tinh hinh nghign ctru
khoa hpc sinh vign, ehiing tdi co mpt so nhan
xet vg qua trinh thuc hien dg tai nghign ciru
khoa hpc cua sinh vign ludt hien nay nliu sau:
Thir nhdi, vg chpn dg lai va dinh hudng
dg tai nghign ciru:
Chpn dg tdi la khau quan trpng qua do
thg hien duge tdm, kha nang cua ngirdi lam
dg tai trong viee chpn van dg dg nghign cii'u,
trien khai Tuy thdi gian gdn ddy da xuat
hien nhii'ng dg tai mdi, la hodn loan do sinh
vign dg xuat nhung bgn canh do van cd mpt
sd bat cap trong viec chpn dg tai ciia sinh
vign nhu: Qua phu thupc vao danh myc dg
tdi dinh hirdng nghign ciru do Irudng dua ra
nen khong phat huy dugc tinh sang tao eua
ban than, khong dua ra dugc nhung dg tai
mdi, sdt vdi ihye tg cupc sdng dang doi hoi
(bdi doi khi danh myc nay khdng nidi, chi
bao gom nhung van dg cu); chpn dg ldi qua
rpng va qua tam sinh vign, mang tinh li luiin
o tam vT mo qua cao (vi du: "Dunh giu hogt
dpng xdy dung phdp lugt eua Viet Num trung
han 20 num dui mdi"); dg tdi mang tinh sang
trpng, la lam nhigu khi khdng cd tinh khd thi
(vi dy: "Cui lu Quy che hogt dpng cuu Hpi
dong huu un Lien hgp quuc"): dg tdi cu ve
cd npi dung vd hinh thirc (vi du dg tdi mang
tinh chdt li luan cao da dugc cac nhd nghign
ciru, chuygn gia dao sau, vigt qua nhigu)
hoac khdng phti hgp vdi nganh luat;' " thigu
chil dpng trong viec chpn lua dg tai ngn tinh
trang triing dg tdi, trting ndi dung nghign eii'u
ciing nhu gdc dp tigp can khdng phdi la higm
Dinh hudng dg tai nghign ciru la cong viec ctia cdc khoa, bii mon Danh muc dg tdi dugc xay dung khong phai la il nhung nhigu khi chua hap dan doi vdi sinh vign, chua cd nhigu dg ldi thyc tign dang doi hoi hay mang tinh li luan cao Nhigu gidng vign chua chii diing trong viec ra dg tdi, ddi khi khdng man
md vdi nghign ciru kJioa hpc ciia sinh vign ngn ra dg qua loa, dai khai Sinh vien khdng bat buiic phai lya chpn trong danli muc nay nhung no cung anh huong kha nliigu dgn viec chpn dg tai cua sinh vign boi tam li da so sinh vign luon muon chpn nhtrng dg tai san cd, khdng phai suy nghT, tim tdi nhting dg khac
Thie hai, vg tim, phan loai, tdng hgp va
ddnh gia tdi lieu:
Tai lieu nghign ciru trong ITnh vyc khoa hpc phdp li e6 nhirng dac thti rigng, mang nhigu tinh dinh tinh ban la dinh lirgng; sd lieu thyc tg ciia nganh luat thudng la nhti:ng
vu viec hon la nhtrng so lieu thong kg" "'' ngn thudng vyn vat, kho xtr li Do do, doi hoi ngudi nghign cii'u can c6 nhu'ng kien thirc ngn lang va sy hudng dan cting nhu kinh nghiem cua nhirng ngudi di trudc Van dg xtr
li tdi lieu ciia sinh vign luat hien dang tdn tai nhtrng nhugc digm sau:
- C6 thg thdy hau hgt sinh vign chua co kT nang tim kigm, tdng hgp vd ddnh gia tdi lieu dimg dan; chua cd kign thirc co ban vg tim kigm, xu li vd phan lich tai lieu Da sd tigp nhiin cdc tu lieu mpt cdeh may moc ma khdng phdn tich, ddnh gid va dua ra quan digm rigng ciia minh Thyc tg nay xuat phat ttr khung chuong trinh ddo tao cir nhan ciia cac trirdng ludt ndi rigng va cdc trudng dai hpc noi chung chua CO hpc phan lign quan dgn nhirng kT nang nay cho sinli vign hoac cung khdng td
Trang 5OAO TAO
chirc dugc nhirng khoa hpc ngan hay nhung
budi tap budn kT nang ndy Bgn canh dd, bdn
thdn mpt so sinh vign cung chua tieh eye lim
higu qua nhigu kgnli thdng tin khac nhau dg
c6 thg hpc hdi nhii'ng kT ndng ndy vd ddi khi,
cho rang nd khdng can thigt hay khdng nhan
thirc dugc tdm quan trpng cua nd
- Viec tim kigm tai lieu ddi khi qua thigu
chigu rpng (tim kigm ttr qua it ngudn, vi dy
ehi tim lai thu vien ma khong tim o ngudn
khde) hay qud thigu chigu sdu (khai thdc qud
it tdi lieu tir miit ngudn, vi dy nhu d thu vien
ma cbi tim cac khoa luan, ludn van, ludn dn
md khdng tim o cdc bdi vigt khoa hpc trgn
cac tap chi, siich chuygn ngdnh ) Trong
khi dd, tdi lieu trong nghign ciru phdp li khd
quan trpng, nhdt Id nhtrng van dg cdn dang
gay tranh eai thi cdng can nhtrng tdi lieu
khac nhau ndi vg nbung quan digm khde
nhau dg ed thg ddnh gia toan dien
- Da sd sinh vign tim tai lieu trudc rdi mdi
ldm dg cuong cho dg tai Digu nay da dan dgn
viec "bpi thyc" tai lieu, nhigu tai lieu khdng
lign quan hay cbi lign quan it dgn van dg
nghign ciru ngn thai gian tim tai lieu vd hinli
trung da bi keo dai ban so vdi each thirc lam
dg cuong trudc, khoanh viing vdn dg quan
trpng rdi mdi tign hdnh di lim tdi lieu
-'Nhigu sinh vign qud phy thupc vdo tdi
lieu, eho rang khdng cd nhigu ldi lii;u thi
khdng hoan thanh dugc dg tdi Day la thyc tg
phd bign khdng ehi trong cupc ibi sinh vign
nghign ciru khoa hpc ma cdn trong cdc boat
diing khde nhu vigt khoa ludn tdt nghigp Hdu
hgt cdc sinh vign trong trudng hgp nay da bd
cudc gitra chimg, khdng thg hodn thdnh dg tdi
Thie ba, vigt va trinh bay dg tdi nghign
ciru khoa bpe:
Mdt trong nhtrng mue tigu ciia nghign
ciru khoa hpc Id giup cho sinh vign ren luyen
kT nang viet Tuy nhign, vg vdn dg ndy cdn mpt sd tdn tai nhu:
- Nhigu sinh vign van di theo ldi mdn cti vdi cdng trinh phdi trdn trTnb 3 chuong, doi khi phan li ludn qud nhigu ma thirc trang va kien nghi lai qua it, khdng dii dp sdu vd chua ban trting van dg dang nghign cii'u Md hinh nay thdng thudng cd kgt cdu nhu sau: Chuong 1- Mpt so van dg li ludn chung, Chuong 2 - Thuc trang phdp luat va thyc trang dp dung ciia van dg nghign ciru, Chuang 3 - Mpt sd kign nghi nham hoan thien vdn dg nghign ciru Cd thg thay cau triic nay hien nay da qua quen thuipe ddi vdi gidi nghign ciru, ddi khi gay nhdm chdn nbung lai cd sire anh huong Idn ddi vdi sinh vign luat vd ddi khi nd cung xuat phdt ttr quan nii^ni ciia nhtrng ngudi cam cdn ndy myc hay nhung ngudi hudng dan ludn de cao md binh 3 chuong nhu trgn
- Nhigu sinh vign chua cd phuong phap nghign ciru dimg dan phti hgp ngn cd trudng hgp khdng cdn ddi dugc thai gian nghign eiru vd thdi gian bpe tap, khdng nam dugc cdc van dg CO ban cua cdc phuong phdp nghign ciru ngdnh khoa bgc xa hpi Ddi kbi sinh vign lam dyng sir dyng nhung thudt ngir nhu
"phuang phdp ehii ngliTa duy vat bien chirng, duy vdt lich sir" md ddi liic khdng higu dugc khai niem, niii dung ciia nhu'ng phuong phdp
dd Id gi Digu nay xudt phdt mgt phan ttr sy xem nhe viee bgc tap cdc phuong phap nghign cun cua sinh vign, cho rdng cbi cdn chpn dg ldi rdi tign banh ma khdng mdy quan tdm dgn cdc kign thirc ngn tdng
- Trong phdn thyc trang ciia nhigu dg lai sinh vign liet kg cdc ibdng tin, sd lieu, vu
Trang 6OAO TAO
viee cy thg nhung khdng cd phdn tich vd
nhan dinh ciia tdc gid; phdn gidi phdp hoan
thien sinh vign ngu ra nhung kign nghj to tat
(vi du nhu xay dirng van ban mdi, ban hanh
ban luat mdi md khong xay dimg cu tbg nhu
thg nao hoac dua ra nbu'ng giai phdp chung
chung, thign vg mat qudn li nhd nudc bon Id
cac van dg hpc thudt) va thudng la khong cd
tinh tbuygt phyc, tire khdng dya trgn co so li
ludn hoac thyc tign ndo vi viiy thudng khdng
kha thi 0 day digu co ban la phai dua ra
dugc nhtrng dg xudt hgp li, cdn thigt chtr
khdng phai liic nao cung nhat thigt phdi xiiy
dyng dugc van ban phap luai mdi
- Sinh vign chua quan tdm dimg mire dgn
viec trinh bdy, hinh thii'c ciia dg tdi, khong
ludn thil diing thg le ciia cupc thi; each dign
dat trong nhigu cdng trinh con kem, chua
higu dung tdm quan trpng cua chu thich
(footnotes) ngn hdu nhu trich dan ma khdng
ngu ngudn ldi lieu, danh myc tdi lieu tham
khdo cdn so sai (vi dy chi ngu chung chung:
Mpt sd bai vigt trgn tap chi khoa hoc phdp li;
Cdng bdo nam 2001, 2002 ); chat lugng
nhigu cdng trinh chua dat mirc trung binh
2.4 Ve cdc hinh thiec ho trg, ihu hiit sinh
vien tham giu cupc thi sinh vien nghien cicu
khou hge
Nhin nhdn mpt each khdch quan, cac co
sd dao tao ludt hien nay ngay cang cd sy
quan tdm nhigu ban ddi vdi boat dpng
nghign ciru khoa hpc ciia sinh vign Vi dy
nhu tai Trudng Dai hpc Ludt Ha Npi nam
2009 da phat hdnh Cam nang sinh vign
nghign ciru khoa hpc mign phi cho sinh vign
Clia Trudng vdi nhieu npi dung phong phii,
da dang, gdp phan dinh budng phuong phdp
nghign ciru cho sinh vign Tuy nhign, hien
nay tai cac co sd ddo tao luat, kinh phi cho nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi chung vd nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign ndi rigng cdn it, tham chi cd trudng cdn khdng cd hd trg kinh pbi eho sinh vign thirc hien dg tdi nghign ciru khoa hpc Bgn canh dd, mirc thudng cho cdc cdng trinh doat gidi cdn chua xirng tdm vd chua thu hilt sinh vign (thdm chi cd trudng mirc thirdng cho cac giang vign hudng dan sinh vign dat cac giai cap bp khde nhau la nhu nhau) Co le nguygn nhan ldn nhat ciia tinh trang nay la do su nhdn thii'c chua dimg dan, day dii vai trd va tam quan trpng ctia nghign eiru khoa hpc sinh vign Nhigu don vi chi ho hao, cd dpng nhung lai chua cd nhtrng hinh thirc cy thg dg hd trg sinh vign vd can benh hinh thirc lan thanh tich van cdn ton tai Mpt digu bat cap khac la dia digm thu thdp tu lieu nghign ciru nhu thu vien lai chua ddp irng dugc nhu cdu ciia sinh vign hge tap vd thyc hien dg tai Tat nhign, viec tim kiem tai lieu la do ban than sinh vign chii ddng nhung cung cdn cd nhting ho trp tdi thigu tir phia nha trudng dg tao co so cho sinh vign thyc bien cac y dinh ciia minh Mpt nhdn
to quan trpng quygt dinh khdng nhd den chat lugng ciia dg tai la gidng vign hudng dan Cd thg thay mgt thirc tg la cdc giang vign hudng dan cbi tign hdnh cong viec hudng dan theo nhtrng kinh nghiem ciia chinh minh hay kg thtra tir chinh thay, cd da hudng dan minh;' ' mpt bii phdn gidng vign chua nhiet tinh vdi cdng tdc hudng ddn sinh vign nghign ctru khoa hpc,"" cdn dg dai trong hudng dan, bo qua nhtrng ldi co ban trong viec thue hien dg tdi ciia sinh vign nhu: trich dan, chap va tai lieu dan dgn nhtrng tu duy nghien ciru lech lac vg sau cho sinh vign
Trang 7OAO TAO
2.5 Vdn de su dung ede cung trinh nghien
cicu khou hue cuu sinh vien
Cdc edng trinh, dg tai nghign ciru khoa
hpc dugc thyc hien vdi nhigu myc dich khac
nhau nhirng dgu cd mue tieu chung Id khdm
pha khoa hpc, phue vu cho viec nghien ciru,
img dyng trong thyc tg tot ban Tir trudc dgn
na> CO dieu de nhiin thay Id tinh trang "dap
chigu"" edng trinh sau nghien ctru, cdng bo
khdng phai Id ehuyen higm Ddi vdi cuiie thi
sinh vien nghign ciru khoa hpc, thdng thirdng
mdi sinh vign dugc chgn dy thi cap bp phai
nop 2 bdn cdng trinh ciia minh eho Bp giao
dye vd dao tao Thyclg, sau khi ehdm, cac
cong trinh nay di dau vg dau la cau hoi chua
eo ldi dap, eo le no ehi dting dg chdm, rdi
trao giai la xong Cdn o Irudng, phdng qudn
li khoa hoc cung giir mpt ban cdng trinh cua
sinh vign doat giai cap bii nhung hau nhu rat
it tru'dng dua lgn thu vien cho cae sinh vign
khac tham khao Bgn canh dd nhu da ngu a
phan trgn, dg lai nghign eiru khoa bpe ngdnh
phap li CO dac digm kgt qud dp dyng trong
thyc tg khdng thg hien ngay tirc thi (vi du
nhu viec dua ra kign nghi hodn thien phap
luat khdng thg dugc dp dyng ngay vi cdn phu
thupc vao quy trinh xay dyng, sua ddi phdp
luat cua Qudc hpi, quan digm cua cac nha
ldm luat) Cho ngn ehinh tinh trang khdng
quan tam dgn hieu qud sir dyng (chi it vg mat
phue vy viec hpc lap, nghign ciru) cung nhu
thigu tinh chu diing trong viee cdng bd, dua
cac kgt qua nghign eiru vdo dp dung cting vd
hinh trung tao ra quan digm cho rang dg tdi
nghign eiru ehi ed tinh li ludn sudng, thigu
thyc tg vd ngai ldm nghign ciru khoa hpc cho
sinh vign Cd thg thay ehung ta chua cd hinh
thirc su dung edng trinh nghign ciru khoa bpe
eua sinh vign mpt ciich dimg dan vd hiru ieh
3 Nhung giai phap dat ra nham nang cao chat luoTig va hieu qua cuoc thi sinh vien nghien cuu khoa hoc cua sinh vien luat
Nhii'ng gidi phdp dugc ngu ra dudi day vdi mong mudn ndng cao chat lugng cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi rigng
vd hocit dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc ciia sinh vign luat ndi chung
Thic nhut, ddy manh tuygn truyen, nang
cao nhdn thirc vg boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc cho sinh vign:
De lam dugc digu nay, td chirc Doan, Hpi ngn kgt hgp vdi bg phdn qudn li khoa hpc Clia trudng dg td chirc cac budi ndi chuyen chuygn dg vg hoat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc, giiip cho sinh \ ign nhan thirc dugc bdn chat ciia boat dgng nghien ciru khoa hpc eung nhu lang nghe y kign thac mac vd ddng gdp cua sinh vign vg cac hinh thirc nghien ciru khoa hpc cua sinh vign Tii' dd hinh thanh ngn nhung nhdn thirc dimg dan vg boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hoc, tao ngn tdng cho chat lugng ciia nhirng binh thirc nghign ciru khoa hpc vg sau ciia sinh vign Hon nira, khi sinh vign dugc tham gia vdo viec hodn thien san choi chung tri tue cho chinh bdn than minh thi se cbii ddng, lich cyc tham gia mpt edch nghigm tiic
Thir hui, td chirc cudC tbi sinh vign nghign
ciru khoa hpc chuygn nghiep vd quy md hon: Cudc tbi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc cdp trudng hdng nam ngn dugc td chirc vao thdi gian hgp li hon cho sinh vign (tat nhien pbdi phti hgp vdi lich trinh cuiic tbi ciia Bp gido due va ddo tao) Md binh thdi gian tdt nbat la phdt ddng vao cudi tbdng 9 bang nam
vd nhdn edng trinh nghign ciru khoa bgc ciia sinh vign vdo dau thdng 8 nam sau dg chpn lya tham du cugc thi cdp bg ciia nam dd vao
Trang 8I OAO TAO
dau thdng 9 Tat nhign, dg tranh bi ddng va
cd thg phdn bd thdi gian hgp li, sinh vign
cimg ngn ehu dpng tign hanh thyc hien dg
tai, khong ngn chd den kbi trudng phat diing
mdi bat ddu.' "' Bgn canh do, nhdt thigt phai
c6 hpi nghi nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign
to chirc sau khi da cham xong 2 vdng cupc
thi cap trudng T'iii biii nghi, ldc gia eac
cdng trinh diit chat lugng cao qua 2 vdng
phai bdo ve dg tai ctia minh dg tii dd nhdn ra
dugc nhimg nhugc digm edn tdn tai va hoan
thien chimg Digu ndy se gitip cho chat
lugng cua eae cong trinh dy thi cap bp cao
ban, digu ma neu khong lam hiii nghi
nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign se it khi c6
dugc Ciing tai hpi nghi, cdc sinh vign cd thg
giao luu, hpc hoi ldn nhau.' '
Viec xay dyng danh myc dg tdi dinh
hudng nghien ciru cung can dugc chu trpng
bon nira Chting tdi cho rang cd thg bd sung
edch thii'c ra dg tai theo hudng nhu sau:
Giang vign nao mudn hudng dan sinh vign
nghign ctru khoa hpc thi ty ra dg tai dg sinh
vign lya chpn, dimg ki va hudng ddn ludn
cho sinh vign do Digu nay se tigt kiem dugc
thdi giiin cho sinh vign di lien he giang vign
hudng dan cting nhu hinh thanh nhirng dg tai
• nghign ciixi cd chat lugng, tranh tinh trang
nhu hien nay nhigu sinh vign khong "nhd"
dugc ai hirdng dan ngn khong duge dinh
hudng va phdn bien
Cdng tdc thdng tin vg thg le, edch thirc
tham dy, quy trinh thyc bien dg tdi nghign
eiru khoa hpc cdn dupc ndng cao hon nua,
phd bign cbi tigt dgn tirng chi dodn trong
trudng Dg thyc hien tdt muc dich nay, dpi
ngii can bp Doan, Hiii can dugc tap huan kT
nang tuygn truygn vd tinh than trach nliieni
cao bon niia boi day la luc lugng quan trpng
trong viec nang eao thdng tin cuiie thi dgn cae sinh vign khac Day manh boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc phai la iihiein vu cua mpi thanh phdn doan thg, trong do dodn thanh nign \a hpi sinh vign la nhu'ng hat nhan ehu dao Tuy nhign, ngugc lai, sinh vign cting ngn chu dpng tigp can, tim higu thdng tin vg cuiie thi ciing nhu quy trinh dg thyc hien mpt each tot nhat Ngu thong tin tot, dau tign, chiing ta se cd dugc nhung cong trinh dap img dugc vg mat hinh thirc -von la digu quan trpng trong mpt cupc thi co tinh ganh dua cao
Thie hu, giai phap thu htil sinh vign tham
gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc: Ngdnh luat vg ban chat la nganh kho, su ddi hdi chinh xac cao trong nganh khoa hpc ndy da khign cho so lugng sinh vign tham gia nghign cii'u khoa hpc kha khigm ton Tuy nhign, cd nhiing li do chii quan khae cimg gop phan dan dgn thyc trang trgn, do la: Kinh phi eho boat dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc ndi chung va nghign ctru khoa hpc sinh vign ndi rigng con it nhu da phan tich o trgn Thigt nghT, cd thg doi mdi theo hinh thii'c ho trg kinh phi nghign eiru cho sinh vign vdi digu kien phdi hoan thaiili cdng trinh nop vg trudng va phai dat chat lugng trung binh hoac kha trd lgn Ngn cd chg dp cpng digm trung binh chung hpc tap cho nhu'ng sinh vign dat gidi cap bii Viec ndng cao mirc thirdng cho sinh vien vd gidng vign hudng dan la bien phap dg kich thich sy tham gia ciia sinh vign vdo cuiie thi ndy Bgn canh dd,
CO thg quy dinh tham gia cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hoc la mpt trong nhtrng ygu
td dg xet digu kien vigt khoa luan tot nghiep Bien phdp nay bupc sinh vign phai tign hdnh
Trang 9DAO TAO
ldm quen vdi nghign eiru khoa hpc dg lap
luyen nhirng kT nang cho viec vigt khoa ludn
sau nay.' *" Day la nhirng bien phap da dugc
mpt sd lrut)'ng (khdng phdi ngdnh ludt) dp
dung va dii dat dugc nhting kgt qud nhat
dinh Nhin chung, phai nhin nhan dimg ban
chat vd vai tro cua boat dpng nghign ctru
khoa hpc sinh vign mdi co the su dung
nhirng bien phap nay thyc sy cd hii;u qua
Thir ttr phat huy eac ygu to gap phan
nang cao chat lugng dg ldi nghign ctru khoa
hpc sinh vien
TU lieu va gidng vign hirdng dan Id hai
trong sd nhung ygu td quan trpng quygl dinh
dgn chat lugng eua dg tai nghign ctru khoa
hpc sinli vign Doi \di van dg tu lieu, thu
vien la mpi trong nhirng noi ma sinh vign
thudng ngliT dgn dau tign eho qua Irinh
nghign ciru khoa hpc ciia minh Do do, can
CO nhu'ng sy ddi mdi, cap nhdt nhtrng tai lieu
mdi (dac biet tai lieu tigng nudc ngodi, tigng
Anh chuygn ngdnh ludt), phong phii ban nua
dg ddp irng nhu cau ciia sinh vign Tinb dii,
da dang, hiru ich eiia thu vien Id nhirng ygu
eau edn co cho mpt nghign ciru tdt Ddi vdi
van dg giang vign hudng dan, khdng thg phii
nhan rang ho'n 95% npi dung eiia nghign cii'u
khoa hpc la lao dpng ciia sinh vign song
khdng thg xem thudng 5% cdn lai, bdi thigu
nd thi mpt nghign ciru khoa hpc khdng thg
thanh cdng va di diing hudng.' ' Thigt nghT,
hang nam ngn id chirc nhirng budi toa dam
vg each thtrc, phuong phap, cdng viec ciia
gidng vign hudng dan bgn canh nhtrng budi
loa dam vg phuong phap giang day; quy dinh
hirdng diin nghign ciru khoa hpc cho sinh
vign la nghTa vu ciia giang vign Nhirng bien
phdp ndy se giiip cho gidng vign hudng ddn
phdt huy dugc vai trd dinb hudng, tu vdn, trg giiip vd huan luyen ciia minh.'"'^' Ngugc lai, sinh vign cung ngn chii ddng hon trong viec nhd gidng vign budng dan, vi du nhu ngn lam dg cuong trudc kbi dgn nhd gidng vign (eho dtl chua hodn chinb) vi qua do, gidng vign se dg ddng y hon boi thay sinh vign da c6 sy tim tdi, nghign eiru nhat dinh vg vdn dg sap nghign ctru so vdi nhirng sinh vign chua tim higu gi vg van dg dd
Thu num, thay ddi miit sd quan niem ve
dg tai nghign eiru khoa hpc:
Van dg ndy can sy nhin nhdn ttr nhigu phia: sinh vign, gidng vign hudng ddn, gidng vign chdm, dpc gid^^ Can thay ddi nhiing quan niem nhu: Mpt cdng trinb pbdi iron irTnh ba ehuong md khdng ngn Id bai chuang hay phdn van dg ra ldm nhieu phan nhd dg trinh bay (tat nhign sir thay ddi ndy cung cdn tuy tirng dg tdi nghign ciru), digu ndy se thg hien dugc sir sdng tao ciia sinh vign vd can dugc khuygn khich; thay ddi thir ty cdc chuong nhu thirc trang - li luan - gidi phdp thay cho li ludn - thyc trang - gidi phdp (de lam dugc digu nay cdn sy manh dan liin ddi vdi sinh vign va tdt nhign di kem vdi nd, tdc gid cting phdi cd edch vigt hgp li, dung dan
vd trdnh tinh trang phdn qua ddi, phdn qua ngan); khdng ngn dua ra cdc ygu cau cao vg
li luan ma ngn tap trung nghign ciru thyc trang phdn tich, li gidi dugc thyc trang chi ra dugc cdc vudng mac, bat cap trong viec thyc hien, tudn thu phdp ludt; higu dimg ddn vg tinb thyc tign ciia de tai nghign ciru khoa hpc trong ITnh vyc phdp li (khdng tbg cd kgt qua
dp dyng thyc tign ngay tire tbi nbu cdc ngdnh khoa hpc ty nhign-kT thudt) Nhtrng quan niem ndy hien nay cd le se khd thay ddi
Trang 10DAO TAO
nhung thigt nghT eung ngn dua ra day dg ban
bac, ddnh gid vd dp dyng dan dan
Thir suu, da dang hod cac hinh thirc bo
trg nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign:
Cac hinh thirc bo trg nghien eiru khoa
hpc sinh vien d ddy cung co thg higu la ciic
hinh thirc nghign ciru khoa hpc sinh vign dat
ngn tdng cho sinh vign tham gia cupc thi sinh
vign nghign ciru khoa hpc Phdng quan li
khoa hpc ngn dua nhung cdng trinh nghign
ciru khoa hpc eiia sinh vign cd chat lupng
hang nam lgn thu vien dg cdc sinh vign khac
cd thg tham khao vd bpe hoi, giao luu.'" * 0
mpt sd cuiie thi khac nhu cuiie thi Eureka
ciia Thanh doan TP Hd Chi Minh c6 kg
hoiich su dyng cdng trinh nghign ciru khoa
hpc sinh vign dg lam ngdn hang de lai nghign
ciru khoa hpc cho sinh vign tham khao, hpc
hoi Ngay 10/12/2008, ngdn hang nghign ctru
khoa hpc sinh vien ra ddi cimg vdi thu vien
nghign ctru khoa hoc tai try so Thanh doan
TP Hd Chi Minh, Id rioi dang ldi va luu gitr
nhtrng nghign eiru khoa hpc dugc vao chung
kgt cupc thi Eureka trong sudt 10 nam qua
Co thg kg dgn miii so hinh thirc bo trg khae
nhu: Cac budi thao luan chuygn dg, toa ddm
kT nang vigt va thyc bien dg tai nghign ciru
khoa hpc (chii trpng dgn nhirng cdeh thirc
vigt, trinh bdy dg tai mdi, niiing tinh sang lao
cao); day manh boat ddng eua ede cau liic bp
hpc thuat trong trudng tao moi irudng cho
sinh vign tham gia trinh bay nhu'ng nghign
ctru ban ddu cua minh; cd nhtrng sdn choi
quy md nhd nhu npi san,'""'dign dan
Tdm lai, qua nhung phdn tich d trgn,
chtmg ta ed the khang dinh rang cupc thi
sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc la siin choi tri
tue day bd ich va li thii eho cac cu nhan luiil
tuong lai ren luyen mpt so kT nang can thigt eho nghe nghigp sau nay; can co nhung giai phap niiinh dan ban nua dg thtic day hoiit dpng nghign ciru khoa hpc noi chung va cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc Khoa hpc la sang tiio va khong e6 cong thirc chung hoac phuong phdp chudn myc nao cho boat dpng nghign cti'u khoa bpe.'"""' Tuy nhign, chuan bi cho sinh vien mpt nhin nhan
so khai ban dau vg nghign ciin khoa hpc ddng thdi khoi nguon dam mg nghign ciru cho sinh vign la digu can thigt Cupc thi sinh vign nghign ciru khoa hpc da gdp phan ldn trong mue tieu nhan tbire cho sinh vign ndi chung va sinh vign luat ndi rigng Hi vpng se
CO nhigu trao doi ban vg van dg nay dg thirc hien dugc nhung muc dich eua nghign ciru khoa hoc sinh vign./
(1) Vi du nhu Ciiu lac bg luat gia ire (Hdi sinh vien Trudng Dai hoc Luat Ha Ngi Khoa Luat - Dai hge qudc gia Ha Ndij Cau lac bg khoa hoc phiip li (Hdi sinh vien Trudng Dai hge Luin LP, Hd Chi Minh) (2) Cac cugc thi Olympic cac mon Mac-Lenin, tu tuong Hd Chi Minh lu phiip qudc le luat hinh su va
id lung hinh sir cugc thi "Chan dung ngudi bao ve phiip luat" ciia Trudng Dili hoc Luat Ha Ngi va ii'udng Dai hge Luat TP Hd Chi Minh
(3) Cac budi dien an luat kinh te, dan sir, lao dgng cua irudng Dai hoc Luiil Ha Ngi hay Cugc tin Moot Competition 2009 do Trudng Dai hge Luat TP Hd Chi Minh dang cai td chiic
(4), (20).Xem: TS Biii Dang Hieu KJ ndng nghien cuu khoa hoc ddnh cho sinh vien Irudng Dgi hoc Lugt Hd Ngi Ndi san luat gia tre (Hdi sinh vien
Trudng Dai hge Luat Ha Ngi), 02/2008, tr.l8 19 (5) Day chi la nhung nhan dinh dugc riit ra tii' hoat ddng nghien ciiu khoa hge cimg nhu cudc thi sinh vien nghien ciru khoa hge ciia sinh vien ngiinh luat (Trudng iiai hoc Luat Ha Ngi, Trudng Dai hge Luat TP Hd Chi Minh, Khoa luat - Dai hoc qudc gia Ha Ngi ) nen cd the cd mot sd diem khdng gidng vdi cac ngiinh khac