Nghien CUTU •Khoa hoc Gido due T I M H I E U T l / T l f f l N G G I A O D U C HO C H I M I N H C A U T R U C V A QUY L U A T • GS TSKH THAI DUY TUYEN TS PHAN MINH TIEN Trong ddi hoat dpng cua minh Ch[.]
Trang 1Nghien CUTU •Khoa hoc Gido due
T I M H I E U T l / T l f f l N G G I A O D U C H O C H I M I N H
C A U T R U C V A Q U Y L U A T
• GS.TSKH THAI DUY TUYEN - TS PHAN MINH TIEN
Trong ddi hoat dpng cua minh Chu tich Ho Chi
Minh da nhieu Ian de cap tdi cac van de giao
due qua thutd, bai bao, cac bai phat bieu Nhan
-dan Viet Nam xem day la nhdng di san quy gia va
hien chung dddc Idu gid trong nhieu tai lieu khac
nhau, nhung trong "Ho Chi Minh toan tap" la day
du, co he thong va dp tin cay cao nhat
Tuy nhien, trong cac tai lieu tren, nhdng tu
tudng giao due cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh thddng
dan xen vdi cac van de chinh tri - xa hpi khac va
dddc sap xep theo trinh td thdi gian, dung nhd nd
da dien ra trong thdc te Be cd the gidi thieu td
tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh nhd mot chuyen
nganh khoa hpc cd he thdng, can cd sd gia cong
cua nhieu nha khoa hpc, va can tiep can chung
theo quan diem he thdng cau true
I Cau true td tddng giao due Ho Chi
Minh
Td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh la mot he
thdng cac quan diem, chu trddng khac nhau cd
tac dung chi dao viec nghien cdu If luan va cai
tao thdc tien giao due dat nddc
Nhdng td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh rat
ddn gian, de hieu, gan vdi cupc song ddi thddng
nhdng lai rat sue tich, phong phu, nhat quan, cd
mot y nghTa sau xa va bao gdm nhieu van de
rpng Idn Nd khong chi bd hep trong giao due
nha trddng, ma hddng tdi giao due toan dan, lam
cho toan xa hpi deu tham gia cong tac giao due
va mpi thanh vien xa hpi deu dddc giao due va
td giao due, ren luyen minh de cd the "d ddi" va
"lam ngddi", trd thanh nhdng cong dan tot, can
bp tot, chien sT tot
Theo cac tai lieu hien cd, trong cupc ddi
hoat dpng each mang cua minh, Chu tich Hd Chi
Minh da hdn 140 Ian ndi va viet ve cac van de
giao duo
Vi giao due cd anh hddng trdc tiep den con
ngddi, nhan to quyet dinh mpi thang Idi cua each
mang va viec xay ddng dat nddc, cho nen Chu
tich Hd Chi Minh da danh cho ITnh vdc nay sd
quan tarn dac biet Ngddi da gpi sd dot nat la
"giac" vi nd can trd viec xay ddng va bao ve td
qudc, pha hoai hanh phuc cua ngddi dan
Cd the chia nhdng van de giao due ma Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da de cap lam 12 loai nhd sau:
1 Vi tri, vai trd ciia giao due
Van de dau tien can ndi den la quan diem cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve vi tri va vai tro cua giao due ddi vdi viec hinh thanh va phat then nhan each, ddi vdi sd nghiep xay ddng va bao ve vdi dat nddc Dieu nay phai cd nhan thdc dung mdi hanh dpng dung, vi de lam each mang thanh cong va xay ddng dat nddc thang Idi phai quan tarn tdi nhieu mat, nhieu ITnh vdc: kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa, xa hpi Can phai xac dinh ro giao due nam d vi tri nao trong he thdng cau true xa hpi va cd vai tro gi trong viec xay ddng va phat then xa hpi? Dac biet mdi quan he gida kinh te
va giao due la van de da gay tranh cai trong mot thdi gian dai
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da 13 Ian phat bieu ve van de vi tri va vai tro cCia giao due trong nhdng nam 1942, 1945 (2 Ian), 1947, 1955, 1956 (3 Ian), 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1969,
2 Tinh chat cua nen giao due
Mot van de quan trong khac la nhdng quan diem cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve tinh chat cua nen giao due
Giao due Viet Nam phuc vu ai? Phuc vu quan chung nhan dan hay chi mot nhdm ngddi nao dd?
Giao due chap nhan the gidi quan nao? Giao due giai quyet mdi quan he gida dan tpc va qudc te, gida truyen thdng va hien dai nhd the nao?
Nhdng quan diem nay rat quan trong vi nd chi dao viec td chdc he thdng giao due qudc dan
va viec xac dinh muc dich, npi dung, phddng phap giao due va day hpc
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 9 Ian ve nhCrng van de nay vao nhdng nam 1921, 1941 (2 Ian), 1945, 1946 (3 Ian), 1950, 1951,
3 Muc dich he thdng
Trong giao due ngddi ta thddng de cap tdi 2 loai muc dich: muc dich he thdng va muc dich
Trang 2Khoa hoc Gido due
nhan each
Muc dich he thdng la du1 kien ve ket qua ma
he thdng giao due qudc dan dat dddc sau mot
thdi gian phan dau nhat dinh Thi du, van de
nang cao dan tri, dao tao nguon nhan Idc, bdi
dddng nhan tai; van de cd cau he thdng giao due
qudc dan; van de mang Iddi va quy md giao
due
Muc dich he thdng se giup cho viec chi dao
he thdng giao due qudc dan hoat dpng cd hieu
qua, gdp phan lam cho nd phat trien on dinh va
can ddi
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 3 Ian ve
muc dich he thdng giao due vao nhdng nam
1955 (2 Ian), 1956
4 Nguyen li giao due
Be chi dao nen giao due qudc dan phat then
cd chat Iddng va hieu qua cao, can tuan thu
nghiem ngat mot so nguyen tac cd ban va chung
nhat ma ta gpi la nguyen li giao due
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 22 Ian ve
nguyen li giao due vao nhdng nam 1947 (2 Ian),
1950 (2 Ian), 1951, 1954, 1955 (4 Ian), 1956,
1957 (3 Ian), 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963,
1968, 1969 (2 Ian)
5 Muc dich nhan each
Hoat dpng giao due la nham de dao tao,
phat then nhan each con ngddi Muc dich giao
due la md hinh nhan each ma cac nha giao due
hddng tdi, nd chi dao toan bp qua trinh giao due
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 5 Ian ve
muc dich nhan each vao cac nam 1955, 1956,
1959,1964, 1969
6 Ddng co hoc tap
Hpc de lam gi? Bd la cau hdi dat ra cho mpi
ngddi di hpc
- Hpc de biet dpc, biet viet, biet tinh toan
- "Hpc dam ba chd de lam ngddi"
- "Hpc de no cdm am cat", "de vinh than phi
9 i a
" '
- "Hpc de phuc vu nhan dan, td qudc va
nhan loai"
Day la vain de rat quan trong, la cai triet li
cua sd hpc, nd chi dao dpng cd, y thdc hpc tap
va hanh vi cua cac em
Trong truyen thdng Viet Nam, van de nay
ddpc dat ra td rat sdm Chu tich Hd Chi Minh rat
quan tarn tdi dieu nay va da 8 Ian phat bieu ve
nd vao nhdng nam 1949, 1950, 1952, 1954,
1955 (2 Ian), 1959, 1961
7 Noi dung giao due - day hoc
Day cai gi, giao due cai gi cho hpc sinh? Do
la mot trong nhdng yeu to chinh quyet dinh chat Iddng giao due, day hpc
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 16 Ian ve npi dung giao due trong nhdng nam 1947 (2 Ian),
1948 (2 Ian), 1955 (3 Ian), 1956, 1959 (2 Ian),
1960, 1961 (2 Ian), 1963 (2 Ian), 1964
8 Phuong phap giao due - day hoc
Phddng phap giao due - day hpc tra Idi cau hdi day hpc, giao due nhd the nao? Khi muc dich
va npi dung da dddc xac dinh thi phddng phap la hoat dpng sang tao thddng xuyen cua ngddi thay
va cd anh hddng rat Idn tdi chat Iddng day hpc -giao duo
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 23 Ian ve phddng phap day hpc, giao due vao nhdng nam
1942, 1947 (3 Ian), 1948, 1949, 1950 (4 Ian),
1955, 1956 (3lan), 1957, 1959 (3 Ian), 1961,
1963, 1963 (2 Ian), 1968
9 Hinh thue to chut day hoc
Day hpc theo hinh thdc nao? Len Idp hay td hpc, nghe giang hay thao luan, trong trddng hay ngoai trddng ? Dd la nhdng van de cd anh hddng tdi chat Iddng giao due - day hpc
Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 4 Ian ve hinh thdc td chdc day hpc, giao due vao nhdng nam 1945, 1947, 1950, 1969
10 Dpi ngu giao vien
Ngddi thay giao quyet dinh chat Iddng giao due, tham chi khong cd thay thi khong cd Idp, khong cd giao due
Vi tarn quan trong cua ngddi thay giao trong cdng tac giao due, Chu tich da phat bieu 26 Ian
ve van de nay vao nhdng nam 1946, 1947,
1950, 1951, 1952, 1955 (5 Ian), 1956 (6 Ian),
1958 (2 Ian), 1959 (3 Ian), 1963, 1964 (3 Ian),
1968
11 Tap the hot sinh
De cong tac giao due cd ket qua, hoat dpng cua tap the hpc sinh cd y nghTa rat quan trong Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da phat bieu 8 Ian ve van de nay vao nhdng nam 1946 (2 Ian), 1947,
1954, 1955, 1956, 1963, 1964
12 Quan li giao due
Giao due la mot he thdng xa hpi rpng Idn, cd lien quan den nhieu ITnh vdc, den mpi gia dinh,
cd anh hddng quyet dinh den tddng lai cua mot nddc, sdc manh cua mot dan tpc Viec giao due con ngddi lai thddng dien ra trong mot thdi gian dai VI vay, cong tac quan li giao due co y nghTa rat quan trong
Trang 3Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da phat bieu 6 Ian ve
van de nay vao nhung nam 1947 (2 Ian), 1950,
1956 (2 Ian), 1962
Tom lai, td tddng giao due Ho Chi Minh
dddc xem nhd mot he thdng gdm 12 yeu td
tddng dng vdi 12 pham tru trong giao due cd lien
he mat thiet vdi nhau, nham chi dao viec nghien
cdu li luan va cai tao thdc tiin giao due Viet
Nam
12 yeu to tren cd the chia thanh 3 nhdm:
- Nhdng van de vl md: Dd la nhdng quan
diem, nhdng van de If luan chung, lien quan den
viec dieu khien toan bp he thdng giao due qudc
dan va xac dinh mdi quan he gida he thdng giao
due qudc dan va cac td chdc xa hpi khac, nhd:
+ Vi tri, vai tro cua giao due;
+ Tinh chat giao due;
+ Muc dich he thdng giao due;
+ Nguyen li, nguyen tac giao due;
+ Quan Ii giao due
- Nhdng van de vi mo: Do la nhdng quan
diem, nhdng van de li luan lien quan den viec
hinh thanh va phat trien nhan each, chi dao
tddng tac thay - tro trong qua trinh giao due, nhd:
+ Muc dich nhan each;
hpc Gido due
+ Dpng cd hpc tap;
+ Npi dung giao due - day hpc;
+ Phddng phap giao due - day hpc;
+ Hinh thdc td chdc giao due - day hpc
- Nhdng van de lien quan den dieu kien va moi trddng giao due: dd la nhdng van de nhd: + Dpi ngu giao vien;
+ Tap the hpc sinh, gia dinh va xa hpi
II Ban do nghien cdu su* phat trien td tddng giao due Ho Chi Minh
Viec trinh bay mot each gian Idpc tren day
da cho thay td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh da de cap tdi nhdng van de rat rpng Idn Oe cd the hinh dung dddc mot bde tranh toan canh ve sd phat then td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh, nham d i dang nhan thdc va van dung chung, cd the cu the hoa chung dddi mot dang trdc quan nhd mot ban dd
Tren true tung cua ban do la cac pham tru, cac yeu to thupc he thdng td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh Tren true hoanh bieu dien thdi gian ma ChCi tich Hd Chi Minh phat bieu ve cac van de giao due va hien con Idu gid dddc td nam 1920 den nam 1969, khi Ngddi qua ddi
Ban do nghien cuu su phat then twtwdng giao due Ho Chi Minh
I VI Irf, vai tro
II Tfnh chat
III Muc dich he thong
iv Nguyen li
V Quan li
VI Muc dich nhan each
VII Dong cd
VIII Noi dung
IX Phuong phap
X Hinh thuc
XI Giao vien
XII Hoc sinh
I9<? IMS 19if 1955 I9M I960 19S9
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1947 19*4 1M1 t!HT tfl47 Wt 1947 1948 950 1950 1955 1956 I957 II5S 1955 1955 1959 '961 190 19« 19SB 1991 1SO
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\>A 1956
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1983 OS4
13 Ian
9 Ian
3 Ian
22 Ian
6 Ian
5 Ian
8 Ian
16 ISn
23 Ian
4 Ian
26 Ian
Trang 4Khoa hoc Gido due- Nghien cull
Qua ban do nghien cdu sir phat trien tu
tddng giao due Ho Chi Minh co the rut ra mot so
nhan xet sau day:
- Nhdng phat bieu cua Chu tich Ho Chi Minh
ve giao due con dddc Idu gid den ngay nay chu
yeu tap trung vao khoang thdi gian td 1942
-1969
- NhCrng van de dddc ngddi quan tarn nhat
la:
+ Xay dung dpi ngu thay giao (da phat bieu
26 Ian):
+ Doi mdi phddng phap day hpc (da phat
bieu 23 Ian);
+ Nguyen li giao due (da phat bieu 22 Ian);
+ Npi dung giao due (da phat bieu 16 Ian);
+ Vi tri, vai tro giao due (da phat bieu 13
Ian)
III Quy luat van dong va phat trien cua td
tddng giao due Ho Chi Minh
Oe quan sat sd van dpng va phat then cua
td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh theo thdi gian
xem chung cd tuan theo nhdng quy luat nao
khong hay quan sat do thi sau day:
Qua do thi cd the thay hai thdi diem ma Chu
tich Hd Chi Minh phat bieu nhieu ve giao due la
vao nhdng nam 1947 (13 Ian) va nam 1955 (20
Ian), 1956 (19 Ian) Tai sao ngddi lai ndi nhieu ve
giao due vao nhdng thdi diem dd?
Nam 1947 la nam ma cupc Cach mang dan tpc dan chu nhan dan mdi bat dau, cupc khang chien chdng Phap dang d giai doan ede ki ac liet Nha trddng can dddc cai each cho phu hpp vdi yeu cau va hoan canh chien tranh
Nhdng bai phat bieu cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve giao due da la nhdng chi th| cd tinh chat dinh hddng cho cupc cai each giao due Ian thd nhat, tien hanh vao nam 1950
Cupc cai each Ian nay da cd nhdng quyet sach rat quan trong lam cho he thdng giao due qudc dan cd kha nang chuan bi tot nguon nhan Idc cho cdng cupc khang chien va kien qudc dai lau
Thang 7/1950 Oe an "Cai each giao due" Ian thd I da dddc Hpi ddng Chinh phu thong qua Nam 1955 1956 la luc cupc khang chien chdng Phap sau nhieu nam chien dau gian khd,
da gianh ddpc thang Idi Thang Idi tuy vinh quang va to Idn nhdng chda trpn ven: Mien Bac
da dddc hoan toan giai phdng, nhdng mien Nam con bi dich kiem soat, dat nddc con tarn thdi bi chia cat lam hai mien Can nhanh chdng xay ddng mien Bac vdng manh, dda mien B§c tien
(Xem tiep trang 9)
ian So Ian
1945 4
1946 6
1947 13
1948 3
1949 2
1950 11
1951 3
1952 2
1953 0
1954 3
1955 20
1956 19
1957
1958 4
1959 12
1960 3
1961 5
1962 2
1963 6
1964 8
1965 0
1966 0
1967 0
1968 3
1969 5
Do thi bieu dien sir bien thien so Idn phdt bieu ciia Clui rich Ho Chi Minh ve gido due theo thdi gian
Thai gian (Nam)
1965 1970
Trang 5•Khoa hoc Gido due
ngoai hay du hpc tai cho ma ngddi dupe thu hpc
phi la cac trddng dai hpc nddc ngoai, chfnh phu
can cd cd che khuyen khfch phat huy npi Idc, du
tien phat then mot so ft cac trddng dai hpc (hoac
khoa trong mot trddng) dap dng ddpc nhu cau
hoc khac biet, dac biet la nhu cau hpc tap d mdc
chat Idpng cao vdi kha nang sin sang chi tra cua
sinh vien va phu huynh Ben canh dd, song song
ap dung tin dung sinh vien d mdc cao va cap hpc
bong de cac sinh vien xuat sac cua Viet Nam
theo hpc cac trddng dai hpc thddng hieu Viet
Nam, thay vi hau nhd tat ca cac hpc sinh, sinh
vien xuat sac nhat cua Viet Nam hien dang theo
cac chddng trinh hpc bong hap dan cua cac
qudc gia va hpc bong cua cac trddng dai hpc
danh tieng tren the gidi Chinh sach dieu tiet nay
cua chinh phu se gdp phan lam giam thieu van
nan "chay mau chat xam" thong qua cac chddng
trinh hpc bong nddc ngoai hoac chddng trinh hpc
bong theo kieu "nhd cac mam tot" cua Viet Nam
ve ddm tai trddng dai hpc nddc ngoai Cd nhd
vay, nang Idc canh tranh cua giao due dai hpc
Viet Nam mdi dddc nang cao, tao tien de de Viet
Nam cd the thay the mot phan dich vu giao due
dai hpc qudc te d trong nddc, tien tdi xuat khau
dich vu giao due dai hpc Viet Nam sang cac
nddc khu vdc va tren the gidi
TAI Ll£U THAM KHAO
1 Bd Giao due va dao tao, De an doi mdi giao due dai hoc
Viet Nam giai doan 2006-2020, Ha Ndi thang 11 nam
2005
2 Nghi Quyet ve "Doi mdi co ban va toan dien giao due
dai hoc Viet Nam giai doan 2006 - 2020", sd
14/2005/NQ-CP cua Chinh phu ban hanh ngay 2/11/05
3 Vu Ngpc Hai, Dich vu giao due dai hoc xuyen bien gidi
va nhCrng tac ddng den giao due dai hoc Viet Nam, Tap
chi Cong san so 13 (181) nam 2009-07-02
4 Pham 06 Nhat Tien, Phat then giao due dai hoc Viet
Nam trong boi canh mdi, Nghien cuu trao doi, sd 5
(125) nam 2007
5 Nguyen Kim Dung, He qua cua chat Iwgng va thwong
mai: sir twong tac giCra hdi nhap ve chuan chat Iwgng va tiep thi GD DH Viet Nam, Ki yeu Dien dan "Gia nhap
WTO va Ddi mdi GDOH Viet Nam", Ha Ndi, 11-12/12/2006
6 Sharing Quality Higher Education Across Borders: A
Checklist for Good Practice, www.aucc.ca/qa/
pdf/crossborder checklist e.pdf SUMMARY
These recent years, we all know, via various kinds of public media, there are many debates on the roles of import and export of higher education The question is why universities/colleges are very active to recruit more
This paper tries to describe the international and local con-text and the trend of import and export of higher education and concludes by some suggestions to bring more achievement for Vietnamese higher education
T I M H I E U (Tiep theo trang 4)
len chu nghia xa hpi, ddng thdi lam hau thuan
cho viec dau tranh thdng nhat nddc nha
Nhiem vu each mang mdi doi hdi phai
chuan bi nguon nhan Idc mdi va can tien hanh
mot cupc cai each giao due mdi hien dai hdn va
quy md to Idn hdn Day la thdi ki Chu tjch Hd Chi
Minh phat bieu nhieu nhat ve cac van de giao
due trong sudt cupc ddi hoat dong cua Ngddi va
chi dao cupc cai each giao due Ian thd 2 nam
1956 thing Idi
Thang 3/1956 Oe an "Cai each giao due"
Ian thd II dddc Hpi ddng Chinh phu thdng qua
Nhd vay, giao due da dien ra theo quy luat:
Giao due gin lien vdi sd phat then kinh te - xa hpi
Hon nda the ki qua, td tddng giao due Hd
Chi Minh da la kirn chi nam cho viec xay ddng
he thdng giao due qudc dan Idn manh, trddng thanh vddt bac, phuc vu tich cut va cd hieu qua
sd nghiep khang chien, kien qudc va xay ddng CNXH cua nhan dan ta
Ngay nay, dan tpc ta dang cung loai ngddi bddc vao mot nen van minh mdi, dang ddng trddc nhdng van hpi va thach thdc mdi Td tddng giao due Hd Chi Minh can ddpc phat trien trong dieu kien mdi de diu dlt dan tpc ta sanh vai cung nam chau, bdn bien, tien len phia trddc nhd Bac Hd mong dpi
SUMMARY
President Ho Chi Minh did pay special attention to education Throughout his life he made more than 140 speeches and writings about education in various periods Based on these Ho Chi Minh's speeches and writings the author characterizes the thoughts on education and places them in chronological order