N H L f N G X U H U O N G N G H I E N C U U C H I N H V E G I A O D U C O A I H O C • • • H I E N N A Y T R E N T H E G I O I Trong bai dien van khai mac Giai Nobel nam 2008 tai Thuy Dien, TS Marcus S[.]
Trang 1N H L f N G X U H U O N G N G H I E N C U U C H I N H V E G I A O D U C O A I H O C
• • •
H I E N N A Y T R E N T H E G I O I
Trong bai dien van khai mac Giai Nobel nam
2008 tai Thuy Dien, TS Marcus Storch - chu
tich Hpi dong quT Nobel da noi: "Nen tang cua sy
phat trien con ngudi la tri thirc Nhung dong gop tri
thirc quan trpng nhat la den tir cac dai hpc" Lam
the nao mpt dai hpc co the hoan thanh nhiem vu
ciia no mpt each tot nhat? Theo TS Marcus, mpt
dai hpc cd ba nhiem vu chinh:
(1) La ki ire cua xa hoi: Doi hdi cac trudng dai
hpc chuyen tilp tri thuc chung ta cd horn nay din
cac thi he k i tilp
(2) La mui nhon cua xa hpi: Tri thirc - nin tang
phat triin kinh t i - xa hpi hien nay dang tang len
khdng ngirng Niu khong nang cao nguon lyc va
chat lupng cua cac trudng dai hpc bing mpt each
nao dd d i chung ta giCV vung dupe nen tang, thi
chiing ta se khdng thi thoa man dupe nhiem vu co
ban He luy se la mpt xa hpi dinh tre
(3) La tam grrong phe phan cua xa hpi: Tuyen
bo bdi Lien Hiep Quoc v i Tuyen Ngon Pho quat ve
cac Quyin Con ngudi vao ngay 10 thang 12 nam
1948, mpt trong nhCrng dilm chinh yiu ciia quyen
con ngudi la ty do tap hpp va trao doi tri thirc Sy
lya chpn chiln lupc trong phat triin giao due ciia
cac quoc gia se doi hoi ca hai: Tri thuc va Idng can
dam
Tren binh dien quic t i , nhung xu hudng nghien
ciru chinh trong giao due dai hpc (GDDH) hien nay
phai k i din:
1 Nghien ciru ve toan cau hoa va giao due
dai hgc
Theo nhung tai lieu nghien cuu co dupe thi "thj
trudng hoa", "toan ciu hoa", "giam dan trung uong
hoa" va "phai Tan huu" (the New Right) diu co moi
quan he vdi nhau Toan ciu hoa la mpt khai niem
tuong doi phuc tap, nd khdng chi cd quan he vdi
khoa hpc xa hpi ma con dat ra nhiiu thach thirc
cho cac quoc gia va khu vyc tren thi gidi
Nhirng nghien ciru v i toan cau hda va GDDH
lien quan din cac nghien ciru kham pha, cac qua
trinh mang tinh toan ciu cd anh hudng din thyc
tiin va cac chinh sach phat triin GD DH ciia khu
vyc, ciia quic gia Co bin dac diim li luan chinh
• TS VLfOTMG THANH HUONG
Trung tam Thdng tin - Thw vien
lien quan din toan ciu hoa va giao due la van hoa quoc t i , cac he thong quoc t i , hau thupc dja va van hda ban dja NhCrng thuyit trinh v i toan ciu hoa va giao due lien quan mat thiit din cac vin
de nghien cuu v i nen kinh t i tri thuc va phat trien khoa hpc - cdng nghe, hpc tap suit ddi, di cu toan ciu hoac chay mau chit xam va chii nghTa ty do mdi Cac to chirc thudng tiin hanh nghien cuu ve toan ciu hda va GD OH phai k i din Ngan hang thi gidi, OECD, To chuc thuong mai quoc t i , Vien nghien cuu k i hoach hoa giao due quoc t i (HEP), Lien hiep quoc va UNESCO
NhCrng nghien cuu ve toan cau hoa va GD DH
dac biet dupe t h i hien d cac chu de chinh sau day:
- Tri thdc da va dang trd thanh mpt yeu to quan
trong cho tang trudng kinh t§ va phat then:
Canh tranh quoc gia hien nay phu thupc rit nhiiu vao kha nang san xuit va thu hut tri thirc
GD DH ddng vai trd quan trpng trong san xuit, phan phoi va thu hut tri thirc Do vay, viec md rpng
GD OH la dieu kien cin thiit d i tang thu nhap quoc dan va tang kha nang canh tranh toan ciu
- Trao doi tri thdc trd thanh djch vu thirong mai
qudc te giCra cac qudc gia
Cac tiin bp cong nghe dang vupt qua bien gidi quoc gia nhanh hon nguon lyc vat chit va con ngudi Viec toan cau hda va thuong mai xuyen bien gidi, san xuit tri thuc ty ban than nd trd thanh qua trinh phu thupc vao lyc lupng thj trudng Hau qua la cac san phim tri thirc cua cac co sd san xuat tri thirc trd thanh hang hoa co t h i thuong mai nhu mpt phin dupe ghi trong "Thda thuan chung
ve thuong mai trong cac loai hinh djch vu (GATS)" Thuong mai trong GD DH dang thu hut diu tu nguon lyc, keu gpi canh tranh, mang lai Ipi nhuan nhieu khi cdn hon mpt so nganh, ITnh vyc khac
- Toan cau hda ddi hdi tang cirting cac kT nang
trong thj trirdng toan cau
Cac he thong GD OH d nhieu nude khdng dap ung yeu ciu san xuit ra dpi ngu nhan lyc cd chuyen mon, kT nang cao va vdi kit qua nay hp phai nhap khiu nhan lyc co chit lupng din tir cac quoc gia khac Viec canh tranh nhan lyc cd kT
Trang 2^ ^ u r u
nang va 'tran chien tri nao' dang ngay cang tang
len trong thj trirdng nhan lire toan cau Nhieu quoc
gia da va dang khuyen khich giao due xuyen bien
gidi de san xuat ra nhung sinh vien tot nghiep dap
ung yeu cau chat luqng Trong qua trinh nay, giao
due xuyen bien gidi trd thanh cong cu quan trqng
cua toan cau hda GD DH nhu mpt viec bo sung
vao san pham kinh te toan cau
- Chu trong nghien ciru vi qudc te hoa va phat
trien giao due xuyen bien gidi - 'cross border
education'
Nam 2005, bin quoc gia (Uc, New Zealand,
Vuang quoc Anh va Hoa Ky) da thu dupe han 25 ti
USD trong thyc hien giao due xuyen bien gidi Cac
trudng OH quan tam den giao due xuyen bien gidi
ke tu khi no trd thanh mpt nguon thu nhap mdi, dac
biet trong boi canh cat giam ngan sach nha nude
cho GD OH Dieu nay dupe dy tinh rang thu nhap
tu sinh vien ngoai quoc den hpc chiem nhieu han
1/3 tong thu nhap d mpt so trudng dai hpc d Uc
Noi mpt each khac, giao due xuyen bien gidi la moi
quan tam cua dong thdi nhieu ca sd dao tao trong
viec cung cap giao due xuyen bien gidi Hien tai co
04 hinh thai GD OH xuyen bien gidi, theo GATS,
do la sy huy dpng cua: (a) Cac chuong trinh va tai
lieu khoa hpc; (b) Sinh vien; (c) Cac nha cung cap
va (d) Giang vien
2 Nghien cwu ve tw nhan hda GD DH
GD DH dang phat trien nhanh chong trong
nhung thap nien gan day va so lupng sinh vien
nhap hpc da tang len gap doi trong vong 15 nam
qua Viec tang nhanh so lupng sinh vien la de dap
ung nhu cau xa hdi doi vdi GD OH va doi hoi cap
bach ve dpi ngu nhan lyc cd kT nang tham gia thi
trudng lao dpng
Nhieu chinh phu, dac biet d cac nude dang
phat trien khdng co du nguon lyc dau tu cho cac
trudng dai hpc cdng lap Do vay hp da de ra cac
chien lupc md rpng GD DH thong qua h6 trp tai
chinh tu cac co sd ngoai cong lap Dieu nay lien
quan den cac phuong phap thu hoi von trong cac
trudng cdng lap va viec thanh lap cac trudng dai
hpc tu thuc (Private Higher Education Institutions
- PHEIs) Viec phat trien cac trudng DH tu thuc la
mpt phan quan trpng de md rpng GD OH
Cac trudng dai hpc tu thuc se dupe xep vao 02
loai hinh: Vi Ipi nhuan (for-profit) va phi Ipi nhuan
(not-for-profit) Doi vdi cac trudng vi Ipi nhuan se
dupe quan li theo Luat doanh nghiep, chung hoat
dpng va thu Ipi nhuan tu cac dich vu giao due
Phan Idn cac trudng DH tu thuc dupe xay dyng
tai cac vung thanh thj va cung cap cac khoa hpc
Khoa hoc Giao due than thien vdi thj trudng, chu yeu trong cac ITnh vyc quan trj doanh nghiep, khoa hpc may tinh, ke toan, thj trudng, kinh te va giao tiep Hpc phi la yeu to quan trpng va la nguon chinh trong thu nhap cua cac trudng tu thuc Doi vdi cac trudng vi Ipi nhuan, hpc phi thudng cao, con d cac trudng OH
tu thuc do cac co sd tdn giao tai trp, phi Ipi nhuan thi sinh vien dong hpc phi thap
Vien nghien ciru k l hoach hda giao due quic
t i (HEP) da va dang tien hanh nghien cuu ITnh vyc nay d nhiiu quic gia d i hiiu sau hon v l GD DH tu thuc Cac nghien cuu nay tim hiiu cac vin d i nhu: Phat trien GD OH tu thuc, tuyen sinh, cac md hinh
sd huu, loai hinh khoa hpc, mo hinh tai chinh
3 Nghien cwu ve dam bao chat Iwong trong GDDH
Dam bao chit lupng trong GD OH hien la mpt
xu hudng nghien cuu quan trpng d nhiiu nude tren thi gidi Gin 1/2 cac quic gia tren thi gidi da xay dyng co chi dam bao chit lupng GD OH trong vong 1-2 thap ki gin day Cac kit qua nghien cuu
da li giai vin de nay nhu sau:
• Do sy banh trudng cua he thong GD OH, hien tai cd nhiiu loai hinh co sd dao tao khac nhau, qui
md khac nhau cung cip GD OH bao gom: co sd dao tao cong lap, tu thuc, giao due xuyen bien gidi
va cac to chuc giao due tu xa
• Toan cau hda cung mang din sy gia tang gian lan khoa hpc dupe vi nhu 'Xudng san xuat bing cip', 'Cac nha cung cap trong mpt dem', 'Co sd dao tao ma' hoac 'Gian lan bing cip' Diiu nay dat
ra yeu ciu co cac ca sd thim djnh chit lupng that
d l co thi cung cip bing chung tin cay trong khoa hpc thong qua su dung cac phuong phap dam bao chit lupng
• Chit lupng cua cac co sd GD OH da va dang ganh chju nhung kho khan kinh t i va viec uu tien phat triin giao due co ban Do vay dat ra ki vong Idn v i cac co chi dam bao chit lupng se duy tri kiim tra va nang cao chit lupng
• Dam bao chit lupng gin kit vdi viec huy dpng chuyen gia va gia tang so lupng cac qua trinh hpi nhap giua cac vung trong nude va quoc t l Dieu nay dat ra yeu ciu doi vdi viec co co chi hieu qua cong nhan chuyen mon va thanh tyu trong GD OH giua cac nude trong boi canh toan ciu hoa
Cac hudng nghien ciru v l vln d l nay chu trpng dam bao chit lupng cua cac co sd GD DH va trach nhiem cua nd ca d cip quoc gia va quoc t l Dam bao chit lupng cua cac co sd GD OH co hai muc tieu Idn: Kiem tra/ty chju trach nhiem va KHGD so 61, thang 10-2010
Trang 3Khoa hoc Giao due
nang cao chat luang Kiem tra/tu chiu trach nhiem
lien quan din cac qua trinh danh gia xem cac ca
sd dao tao hoac chuang trinh dao tao co dap ung
nhung chuin toi thieu Nang cao chit lugng xac
dinh cac qua trinh phat trien nhu diem manh, dilm
yiu cua co sd dao tao va cac h i trg khoa hgc cua
nha trudng
Vien nghien cuu k l hoach hoa giao due qudc
t l (HEP) da tiln hanh mgt du an nghien cuu v i
phuong phap luan va each thuc to chuc cua cac
he thong dam bao chit lugng Dya tren cac kit
qua nghien ciru, hg da soan thao 05 mo dun cho
cac chuong trinh giao due tu xa v i "Dam bao chat
luqng ngoai: NhCmg lira chon cho lanh dao cac co
so GD DH" Cac khoa hgc nay da dugc to chuc
tai bin khu vyc: Anglophone, Chau Phi nam 2006;
Chau A-Thai Binh Duong nam 2007; Francophone
Chau Phi va cac nude Arab nam 2008 Ngoai ra
cung co cac khoa hgc to chuc cho tung qudc gia
vdi muc tieu hd trg xay dyng he thong dam bao
chit lugng hoac danh gia chit lugng cac he thong
hien hanh
4 Nghien ciru va phat trien (R&D) trong GD
DH
Sau thi chiln thu hai, moi trudng chinh tri va
tai chinh cdng hd trg cho nghien cuu kha thuan Igi
Cac nude phat triin, dac biet Hoa Ky rit chii trgng
nghien ciru trong GD DH, coi do la nhan t i quan
trgng cho phat triin va chii yiu cac trudng OH tiin
hanh cac hoat dgng R&D Sy kien 'Sputnik' da cd
anh hudng Idn din canh tranh trong nghien cuu
khoa hgc Cac chinh sach va tai chinh cdng dugc
uu tien cho cac hoat dong R&D cua cac co sd GD
OH
Khoang each tri thirc ngay cang co sy khac
biet kha Idn giua cac nude phat triin va dang phat
triin Cac nude dang phat triln thiiu cac nguon
lyc tai chinh va con ngudi va thiiu quan tam din
cac hoat ddng R&D Hg cin tang cudng san xuit
tri thirc ngi tai cung nhu thu hut tri thuc din tir
cac nude khac O l tiln hanh nghien cuu va tang
cudng cac nguon lyc nghien ciru, he thing cac
trudng OH can dugc nang cip thong qua viec md
rgng cac chuong trinh dao tao dai hgc va sau dai
hgc (dao tao nghien ciru sinh) Tri thirc la yiu to
quan trgng giup tang trudng kinh t l va canh tranh
toan cau Tilm nang tang trudng trong tuong lai
cua nin kinh t l tri thirc phu thudc vao kha nang
san xuit tri thirc, do vay can chii trgng din nhirng
gia trj to Idn do cac hoat dgng R&D mang lai Diu
tu vao cac hoat dgng R&D gop phin tang san xuit
tri thirc, din din tang trudng cua nin kinh t i
Kinh phi diu tu cho R&D d khu vyc tu nhan thudng dudi hinh thuc dy an - chu trgng nghien cuu irng dung thuc tiin, ngugc lai cac co sd cdng lap thudng nhin manh din cac nghien ciru co ban Cac co sd GD DH tu thuc ty diu tu cac trang thiit
bi phuc vu nghien ciru khoa hgc Nhieu trudng OH
ki vgng vao nhung nghien cuu lam t h i nao phat triln moi lien kit vdi cac khu vyc san xuit va cdng nghiep d l tang cudng tinh phii hgp va irng dung nhung kit qua nghien ciru, chuyln giao cong nghe
va ddng gdp hthj ich vao cac he thong doi mdi quic gia
5 Nghien ciru ve quan trj va quan li GD DH
Sy banh trudng ciia GD OH mang tinh truyln thong la gin kit vdi cac trudng OH dugc cip tai chinh tir ngan sach nha nude Xu hudng nay hien
da va dang thay doi Nha nude khdng cdn la nha tai trg ngan sach chinh va dgc quyin cho GD OH Hien nay cd rit nhiiu md hinh phan bo tai chinh
va loai hinh cac nha cung cip tai chinh M6 hinh truyln thing phan bo true tilp tir ngan sach nha nude ddi khi bj thay thi bdi cac he thong hgc tap
md bao gom cac trudng DH md va cac co sd dao tao qua mang Sy phat triln cua cac dai hgc tu thuc, giao due xuyen bien gidi cung nhu sy ddng gop cua cac khu vyc ngoai nha nude gop phan tang so lugng sinh vien va md rdng GD OH Quan trj va quan li khu vyc GD DH cong lap
bj nhan djnh la chua dat hieu suit va hieu qua Cin phai doi mdi cong tac quan li hudng tdi djnh hudng thj trudng trong GD OH Djnh hudng thj trudng va viec clt giam ngan sach nha nude buoc cac trudng OH phai chii trgng din cac nguon thu khac d i tang cudng nguon lyc O l phat triin cin chuyln giao quyin va tinh chju trach nhiem tir phia quan li (Bg, nganh) sang nha trudng/co sd dao tao dudi hinh thirc tang cudng ty chii cho cac trudng dai hgc
Tang quyen ty chu ciia cac trudng cdng lap va tang cudng trach nhiem, quyin cua ngudi thyc hien khong phai la nha nude da lam thay doi moi quan he quan li va quan trj giua nha nude va cac trudng dai hgc Cac diiu kien djch vu, chit lugng
h i trg va kit qua thay doi giua cac nha cung cip Noi mgt each khac, sy gia tang nhanh chdng cac nha cung cip, da dang cac loai hinh trudng, cac chuang trinh bdi cac co sd dao tao khac nhau da dat ra nhung thach thirc trong viec quan li cua he thong Hau qua la co cau quan li mdi va cac thyc tiln quan li da dugc thyc hien d ca hai cip quan li cip cao va d nha trudng
Trang 41 N g j U n 1 (tu
UNESCO, HEP, WB da tien hanh nhu-ng nghien
ciru va to chirc cac chuang trinh tap huan trong ITnh
vyc quan trj va quan li GD DH NhCrng nam 1990,
HEP va WB tap trung nghien cuu v i quan li r> cac
trirdng DH cong lap, nhCrng nam gan day ho chuyen
sang chu trong hen den cac khu vyc GD OH khac
nhir: GD OH tir thuc, giao due xuyen bien gidi, cac
trudng DH ao, sy thay doi cac phuang thuc tai
chinh va cai to the che
6 Nghien ciru ve xay dyng trirdng dai hgc
dang cap the gidi (World Class University)
Thuat ngu 'trudng OH dang cip thi gidi' la cum
tir kha quen thuoc trong thap ki gan day, nd khong
chi mang y nghTa la cai thien chit luang hpc tap
va nghien ciru trong GD OH ma con la phat trien
nang luc canh tranh trong moi trudng GD DH toan
cau thong qua viec ITnh hdi, thich ung va sang tao
tri thuc tiln bp Tuy nhien Altbach da dua ra mpt
danh gia kha cd dpng va chuin xac ring " nghjch
li ciia trirdng DH ding cip the gidi la mqi ngudi
deu mudn cd trudng DH dang cip the gidi, nhwng
chang ai biet nd la cai gi va khdng biit bing each
nao di cd dugc nd"
Mac du cd nhieu mau thuin va han chi ve
phuong phap danh gia, viec xip hang cac trudng
OH tren the gidi da trd nen pho biln va khd co thi
biln mit trong boi canh phat triln GD OH hien nay
Ol xay dung trudng dai hpc dang cip thi gidi, cac
nha khoa hoc kiln nghj cac quoc gia hay nghien
ciru va giai dap nhung vln de dudi day:
(1) Tai sao cin xay dung trudng OH dang cip
thi gidi? NhCrng Ipi ich kinh t i va gia trj gia tang
ma hp mong muon la gi khi thanh lap mpt trudng
OH ding d p thi gidi so vdi gia trj cua nhCrng
trudng hien tai;
(2) Tam nhin doi vdi trudng OH nay la gi? Vj tri
ma trudng se dat dupe la gi?
(3) Nha nude mong muon va cd thi dau tu xay
dyng bao nhieu trudng OH dang d p thi gidi?
(4) Chit lupng nao la tot nhit trong hoan canh
hien tai cua quoc gia dd; nang cip cac trudng hien
hCru, sat nhap lai hay xay mdi?
(5) Qua trinh chpn lpc giua cac trudng se dupe
thyc hien nhu thi nao niu each tiip can thu nhit
va thu hai dupe lua chpn?
(6) Moi quan he va sat nhap, tuang thich giua
nhCrng trudng mdi vdi nhung trudng DH cu nhu
thi nao?
(7) Sy chuyen doi nhu vay se dupe tai trp ra
sao? Bao nhieu % dupe chi tir ngan sach nha
nude? Phan nao se do khu vyc tu nhan tai trp?
Cac sang kiln d l cu thi hda viec nay se nhu thi
Khoa hoc Giao due nao (vi du cip dit hay miin thui)?
(8) Cong viec quan li se dupe bo tri nhu thi nao
d i thuc diy qua trinh chuyln doi nay va h i trp cho viec thyc tien quan trj phu hpp? Muc dp ty chu va cac hinh thuc chju trach nhiem dupe ap dung ra sao cho phu hop?
(9) Vai tro cua chinh phu trong qua trinh nay la gi?
(10) Lam thi nao d i trudng OH do xay dyng dupe dpi ngu lanh dao tit nhit?
(11) Tim nhin va cac tuyen bo v i sir menh la
gi, cac muc tieu cu thi ma trudng OH do cin dat dupe la gi?
(12) Nhung ITnh vyc nao trudng OH dd cin phin diu dat muc xuit sic trong ca giang day va nghien cuu?
(13) Nhom sinh vien hudng tdi la doi tupng nao?
(14) Cac muc tieu quoc t i hda ma trudng dd cin phai dat dupe la gi (ve chuyen nganh, sinh vien, chuang trinh )
7 Nhirng de xuaf nghien ciru ve GD DH d>
Viet Nam
Vln d l 'Nang cao chit lugng giao due dai hoc'
da dupe cac Dai biiu Quoc hpi thao luan tai ki hpp thu 7, Quoc hpi khoa XII diln ra vao thang 6/2010 Cac chu d l chinh cin dupe nghien cuu d l nang cao chit lupng GDDH Viet Nam dupe cac dai biiu quoc hpi de xuit bao gom:
(1) Viec phan cip, phan quyen quan li giao due dao tao cho cac trudng dai hpc;
(2) Viec cip phep thanh lap cac trudng dai hoc;
(3) Nang cip cac trudng tir cao dang len dai hoc;
(4) Viec cip chi tieu tuyln sinh cua cac trudng dai hpc;
(5) Cac chinh sach da dang hoa loai hinh dao tao dai hpc;
(6) Quy hoach, phan bo giua cac viing, miin trong giao due - dao tao;
(7) Viec gin lien GDDH va phat triin kinh t i ; (8) Vln de nang cao chit lupng npi dung chuang trinh dao tao dai hpc;
(9) Viec ap dung khoa hpc, kT thuat trong giao due - dao tao;
(10) Cdng tac nghien ciru khoa hpc trong GDDH;
(11) Chit lupng GDOH hien nay;
Trang 5Khoa hoc Giao due
(12) Trinh dp chuyen mdn cua dpi ngu can bp
giang day dai hpc;
(13) Van de tang cudng kiem tra giam sat trong
giao due - dao tao; viec lien kit dao tao chinh quy
va phi chinh quy;
(14) Vin d i xu li vi pham trong quan ly giao
due - dao tao
So sanh vdi nhung xu hudng nghien ciru chinh
v l GD DH tren thi gidi, GD DH Viet Nam dang
rit cin nhung nghien cuu co mang tinh pho quat
chung trong phat triin GD OH thi gidi dong thdi
cung cin co cac cong trinh nghien cuu giai quyit
thuc tiin phat triln GD OH mang tinh dac thu cua
Viet.Nam trong bdi canh hien nay
CAC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO CHINH
1 "Globalization and cross-border education:
Challenges for development of higher education
in Commonwealth countries" Paper prepared for
the 17th Conference of Commonwealth Education
Ministers Vice-Chancellors' Forum, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia, 15-19 June 2009
2 N.V Varghese GATS and Transnational
Mobility in Higher Education In: Global Education
Research Reports New York: Institute of International
Education (HE), and the American Institute for Foreign
Study Foundation (AIFS), 2009
3 M Martin Equity and quality assurance: a
marriage of two minds 2009 New Trends in Higher
Education series Paris: IIEP-UNESCO, forthcoming
4 R Martinez; I Kitaev Entrepreneurialism
and internationalization of higher education in a
knowledge society In: M Shattock (Ed.) 2009
Entrepreneurialism in universities and the knowledge
economy: diversification and organizational change
in European higher education' Berkshire: Society
for Research into Higher Education (SRHE) & Open
University Press, in association with IIEP/UNESCO
5 Jamil Salmi Challenges in developing the world
class university The World bank, 2009
6 http://www.na.gov.vn/htx/Vietnamese/?Newid=
39596#1BBk4QrpntlW
SUMMARY
This article presents 6 main focuses in higher
education studies, those are globalization and higher
education, R&D in higher education, privatization in
HE, HE management and world class universities
The author proposes some topics for HE research in
Vietnam in the current time
Ng l ien
P H A T T R I E N TINH H U O N G
(Tiep theo trang 44)
thdi gian bao hanh la P, 2 { = U] Mpt san pham
do phan xudng T,{ = \J) san xuit ban ra khdng
hdng trong thdi gian bao hanh, nha san xuit
lai L n \=ljk) don vj tiln Mpt san phim do phan
xudng T^=TX} san xuit ban ra bj hong trong thdi
gian bao hanh, nha san xuit thiet hai L i2 {=\j)
don vi tiin Tinh Ipi nhuan trung binh khi ban mpt san pham
Md hinh bai toan: Tim doanh thu trung binh
EX (tiin lai khi ban mpt san pham)
Theo cac each phat then tinh huong nhu tren, se xay dyng dupe cac bai toan tiem can vdi nhCrng tinh hudng that trong san xuit Qua dd SV hieu ring de giai quyit mpt vin d i thyc tien, cin phai phat hien va giai quyit khdng chi mdt bai toan Giang vien cin blc nhjp tu cac bai toan pho thdng tdi cac van de thyc tien, cin ren luyen cho
SV kha nang phat triln bai toan thyc tiin tu tinh huing thyc te Viec lam nay nen dupe tiln hanh thudng xuyen trong tit ca cac phan mon Toan, dac biet la cac phan mdn toan ung dung
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Blekman I l.,Muskix A.D., Panovko la.G Toan
hoc ung dung Ngudi djch: Tran Tat Thing NXB
Khoa hpc kT thuat Ha Npi, 1985
2 Bp GD&OT, Chuong trinh giao due pho thong
cap THPT, NXBGD, 2006
3 Nguyln Ba Kim, Phuong phap day hoc mdn
Toan, NXB OHSP, 2006
4 Bui Huy Ngpc, Tang cudng khai thac noi dung
thue te trong day hoc so hoc va dai so nhim nang cao nang luc van dung toan hoc vao thuc tiin cho hoc sinh trung hoc co so Luan an tiin sT giao due hpc
Trudng Dai hpc Vinh, 2006
5 Hoang Phe (chu bien), Tudien Tieng Viet, Trung
tam Tu dien va Ngon ngu, Ha Npi, 1992
6 Nguyln Ngpc Thing, Nguyln Dinh Hoa, Quy
hoach tuyen tinh, NXB Dai hpc Quic gia Ha Npi, 2004
SUMMARY
According to the author lecturers could develop the ability to transform a real situation into real exercise by students by 3 approaches: looking at real situations from various perspectives, developing real situations into real exercises with new theoretical approaches, extending the real situations; these areas very important in applied Mathematics