54 Khoa hoc Chfnh trj • Qiao iuc ''''Ddo tgo DE GIANG DAY MON Tl/ Tl/dNG HO CHI MINH HIEU QUA HdN Pham Dinh Dat''''*'''' Giang day tfl tfldng Ho Chi Minh la truyen dat, giao due cho ngfldi hpc mpt tfl tfldng l[.]
Trang 154 - Khoa hoc Chfnh trj • Qiao iuc - 'Ddo tgo
DE GIANG DAY MON Tl/ Tl/dNG HO CHI MINH
HIEU QUA HdN
Pham Dinh Dat'*'
Giang day tfl tfldng Ho Chi Minh
la truyen dat, giao due cho ngfldi
hpc mpt tfl tfldng ldn cua lanh tu
vi dai, nha chien Iflpc thien tai va to chflc
thflc t i i n kiet xua't, ddng thdi la tac gia
ly luan loi lac cua each mang Viet Nam,
cua phong trao cpng san va cong nhan
qud^c te Noi dung tfl tfldng, phflang phap
tfl duy, dao ddc trong sang, mau mflc cua
Ngfldi khong chi la tai san tinh than to
ldn cua Dang va dan tpc ta ma con la tai
san tinh than to ldn cua nhan dan yeu
chupng boa binh tren the gidi Vi vay,
viec nghien cflu, giang day va hpc tap tfl
tfldng Ho Chi Minh vdi thai dp, tinh than
thflc sfl nghiem tuc, khoa hpc, sang tao,
dung vdi ban chat each mang ciia chinh tfl
tfldng, cuoc ddi Ngfldi trong thdi dai ngay
nay la viec lam ta't yeu mang lai nhflng
'"' TS Triet hpc, Hpc vien Chinh tri - Hanh
chinh khu vUc II, Hpc vien CT-HCQG Ho Chi
Minh
gia tri to ldn ca ve ly luan va thflc tien
N h a m tao ra sfl chuyen bie'n manh
me, tfl giac cua mdi ngfldi, cac cap, cac nganh tfl Trung flang den dia phflang trong viee n h a n thdc va van dung sang tao tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, ngay 27/03/2003, Ban BI thfl da ra Chi thi sd 23/CT/TlJ
ve "Ddy mgnh nghien cdu, tuyen truyen, gido due tu tuang Ho Chi Minh trong giai dogn mdi"; ngay 25/04/2003, Ban
Tfl tfldng - Vdn hda Trung flang cd van ban hfldng ddn thflc hien Chi thi nay Day la sfl kien quan trpng trong ddi sdng chinh tri va cdng tdc tfl tfldng, ly luan eua Dang trong giai doan hien nay Thflc hien trach nhiem n a n g ne nay, dpi ngu can bp lam cdng tac ly luan ndi ehung va giang vien mdn Tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh ndi rieng phai chd trpng tren nhieu m a t mdi cd the hoan t h a n h tdt cdng tac nghien cflu, giang day, tuyen truyen, giao due ve tfl tfldng, dao ddc Hd Chi Minh Sau day, xin dflpc de cap den
m o t so' y e u c a u c u t h e :
Trang 2Qiao iuc - 'Ddo tgo 55 - Khoa hoc Chinh trj
Thit nhat, ndm vitng nhitng
nguyen ly, pham trU, quy luat cua
chu nghia Mdc-Lenin
Yeu cau t r e n dflpc xuat phat tfl chinh
npi dung tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh Dai hdi
IX cua Dang da k h a n g dinh: tfl tfldng Hd
Chf Minh la ket qua cua sfl van dung va
phat trien sang tao chu nghia Mac-Lenin
vao dieu kien cu the nflde ta Chu nghia
Mac-Lenin la nen t a n g ly luan chu yeu,
quan trpng, the gidi quan, phflang phap
luan cua tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh Ndi each
khac, tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh la nhflng tfl
tudng ca ban ve CNXH khoa hpc dflpc
van dung vao Viet Nam Vi vay, trong
giang day tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, giao
vien can thau tdm va hieu dflpc eai tinh
than chinh yeu, thflc chat cua nhflng
nguyen ly, quy luat, p h a m tru ca ban cua
chu nghla Mac-Lenin Tren ca sd ly giai,
phan tich lam sang td nhflng luan diem
ca ban giup cho ngfldi hpc n h a n thdc
diing ca sd khoa hpc, ndn t a n g ly luan
quan trpng cua tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh,
phan biet dflpc dau la luan diem, nguyen
Iy cua C.Mae, Ph.Angghen, V.I.Lenin,
dau la sfl van dung, p h a t trien sang tao
cua Hd Chf Minh Qua dd, tflng bfldc
hinh t h a n h cho ngfldi hpc n a n g Iflc tfl
duy sang tao trong viec nghien cdu va
van dung ly luan vao thflc t i i n , n h a m
giai quydt nhflng van de do cupe sdng xa
hpi dat ra Dd chinh la edi dich ma ca
giao vien va ngfldi hpc tfl tfldng Hd Chf
Minh can dat dflpc
Chang ban, khi ndi ve bfldc di cua
thdi ky qua dp len CNXH d Viet Nam,
Hd Chi Minh da chi rd: "Ta xay dflng
CNXH tfl hai ban tay t r a n g di len thi
'" Ho Chi Minh, Todn tap, t.l2, Nxb CTQG,
HN 2009, tr.567
i2,va(3 Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.8, tr.226 va 228
'" Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.3, tr.83
khd khdn cdn n h i l u va lau dai"'" "CNXH khong the lam mau dflpc ma phai lam dan dan"'2', "tien len CNXH, khdng the mpt sdm mdt chieu"'^', ai ndi d i la chu quan va se t h a t bai Nhflng ldi chi giao cua Ngfldi nghe t h a t nhe nhang, khong can dai ngdn, nhflng d i hieu va d i tiep thu Co sd ly luan eua nhflng ehi ddn
dd dflpc xua't phdt tfl nhieu nguyen ly trong chu nghia Mac-Lenin Do la quan diem duy vat bien chflng ve md'i quan he gifla vat chat va y thflc, gifla Iflpng va chat Theo tridt hpc Mae, vat chat va y thdc c6 md'i quan he bien chflng, trong
dd, vat chat gifl vai trd quydt dinh Vi vay, trong n h a n thflc va boat ddng thflc tien, ehung ta phai xua't p h a t tfl thflc
td khach quan, tdn trpng va h a n h dpng theo quy luat khdch quan Mdi trfldng, dieu kien, phflang tien, quan he vat chat cung cae quy luat la nhflng n h a n
to cd y nghia quydt dinh den muc tieu, bfldc di va nhflng giai phap trong boat dpng thflc t i i n cua con ngfldi
Ne'u giang vien mdi hieu qua loa, dai khai, khdng n a m vflng nhflng nguyen
ly, quy luat, pham tru cua chu nghia Mae-Lenin, dac biet la chfla di sau n a m bat dflpc tinh t h a n ea ban, cd't ldi, bdi canh ra ddi eua nhflng luan diem kinh dien, chi giao cua C.Mae, Ph.Angghen, V.I.Lenin va Hd Chf Minh thi se lam mat di tinh khoa hpc, t h a m chi cdn giang sai tfl tfldng cua ngfldi sang lap Dang va Nha nflde Viet Nam Day qua t h a t la mdt dieu r a t nguy hiem Bdi vi dd la sfl gido due ly luan sai, ma gido due sai cdn tai hai ban ca khdng giao due De cap van de nay, Hd Chi Minh da tflng canh bao: "mdt sfl ngu dot nay lam phdt sinh mdt sfl ngu ddt khac va mdt sai lam nay gay nen cac sai lam khdc"'^'
Vi vay, yeu cau gido vien khi giang day phai n a m vflng, lam sang td nhflng
Trang 356 - Khoa hoc Chfnh trj Qiao due - 'Ddo tgo
nguyen ly, pham tru, quy luat cua chu
nghla Mac-Lenin dflpc van dung, the
hien trong tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh Dieu
d6 khong c6 nghia la bien gid giang Tfl
tfldng Hd Chf Minh t h a n h gid giang
Triet hpc, Kinh td ehinh tri hay CNXH
khoa hpc De dat dflpc hieu qua cao
trong giang day, tuy theo ndi dung tfl
tfldng, thdi gian, dd'i tflpng nghe giang,
ngfldi giao vien can tidn h a n h phan tfeh,
lam sang to nhflng nguyen ly, quy luat,
pham tru cua cac hpc thuydt n6i t r e n
sao cho phu hpp
Thd hai, hieu ditcfc phong cdch
tit duy Ho Chi Minh
Muon ngfldi hpc tiep thu dflpc tfl
tfldng Hd Chi Minh, n a n g cao phflang
phap tfl duy khoa hpc thi giang vien phai
nam chdc va giup eho hp hieu den mdc
nhieu n h a t phong each tfl duy cua Ngfldi
Phong each tfl duy eua Hd Chi Minh d
day vdi tU each la ddi tflpng nghien cflu,
theo toi, c6 nhitng dac diem sau:
- Xudt phdt td Igi ich, hgnh phuc
cua nhdn ddn lao dpng
Toan bp cupe ddi va sfl nghiep the
hien trong hoat dpng thflc t i i n , cung
nhfl qua cae thao tac tfl duy cua Hd Chi
Minh la vi lpi ich va h a n h phuc cua n h a n
dan Ngay khi bfldc chan xudng tau bien
Latuso Torevin vdi t e n gpi mdi la Vdn
Ba, Ngfldi da xdc dinh ra di xem nflde
Phap va cac nflde khac hp lam dn nhfl
thd nao, de khi ve se giup ddng bao minh
CJ Hd Chf Minh, dpc lap cua To qud'c
va tfnh flu viet cua CNXH nha't thidt
phai dflpc the hien cu the t h a n h lpi fch,
hanh phuc eua n h a n dan Ngfldi nha'n
manh: "Chung ta t r a n h dflpc tfl do, ddc
"' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.4, tr.l52
'"' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.lO, tr.l7
13!
Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.5, tr.698
lap rdi ma dan cfl chet ddi, chdt ret, thi tfl do, thi ddc lap cflng khdng lam gi"'" va
"N6i mpt each tdm tdt, mpc mac, CNXH trfldc het n h a m lam cho n h a n dan lao ddng thoat n a n ban cung, lam cho mpi ngfldi ed cong an viec lam, dflpc am no
va so'ng mdt ddi h a n h phue"'^' Day la nhflng luan diem chflng td tfl duy cung nhfl boat ddng each mang, thflc tien cua
Hd Chi Minh deu xua't phdt tfl lpi Ich,
h a n h phuc cda n h a n dan va nhdm phuc
vu, dem lai nhflng gid tri vat chat va tinh t h a n ay cho n h a n dan
Khi ndi ve ban chat cua Nha nflde Viet Nam, Hd Chi Minh da k h a n g dinh: "nflde
ta la nflde dan ehu" Vi thd, theo Ngfldi:
"Bao nhieu Ipi fch deu vi dan
Bao nhieu quyen b a n deu cua dan Chfnh quyen tfl xa den Chinh phu trung flang do dan cfl ra
N6i t6m lai, quyen h a n h va Iflc Iflpng deu d nai dan"'-^'
Nhfl vay, vdi Hd Chi Minh, lpi ich
va h a n h phue eua n h a n dan luon la diem khdi dau, la dieu quan xuyen, muc dfch trong suy nghi cung nhfl boat dpng thflc tien cua Ngfldi Day chfnh la diem ndi bat va r a t dpc ddo trong phong each tfl duy eua Hd Chi Minh
- Bpc lap vd sdng tgo
Ddc lap, sang tao la net dac trflng trong phong each tfl duy Hd Chi Minh Ldi tfl duy bat chflde, giao dieu, rap khudn kinh nghiem nflde ngoai la nhflng da'u hieu hoan toan xa la vdi phong each tfl duy cua Ngfldi Hd Chf Minh da nhan tha'y dflpc nhflng b a n che cua the he cha, anh minh va da vflpt len, khac phuc dflpc nhflng b a n chd dd de chpn mdt hfldng di, muc dich, ly tfldng mdi phu hpp vdi xu the van dpng eua lich sfl va thdi dai Tinh dpc lap sang tao trong tfl duy Hd Chf Minh cdn dflpc thd hien r a t rd va
sinh ddng qua Chdnh ciiang vdn tdt va
Trang 4Qiao iuc - 'Ddo tao 57 - Khoa h o c Chfnh trj
Sdch lugc vdn tdt, cung nhflng trfldc tac,
Idi ehi gido cua Ngfldi ve each mang dan
tpc, dan chu, each m a n g XHCN da dflpc
thflc tien each m a n g nflde ta chdng minh
la r a t sang tao va dung dan Dac biet,
trong each mang XHCN - mdt cupc each
mang chfla e6 tien le trong lich sfl - Hd
Chf Minh ludn nhac nhd mpi ngfldi phai
suy nghi, tim tdi, sang tao, c6 p h a t kie'n,
each lam mdi phu hpp vdi thflc tien sinh
dong eua dat nflde De cap van de nay,
Ngfldi ndi: phai hpc tap kinh nghiem ddi
dao cua cac nflde anh em nhflng khdng
the ap dung nhflng kinh nghiem ay mpt
each may mdc, bdi vi nflde ta cd nhflng
dac diem rieng va "khdng the gid'ng Lien
Xo, vi Lien Xd ed phong tue tap quan
khac, cd lich sfl dia Iy khac", "ta c6 the
di con dfldng khac de tidn len CNXH"'"
- Thdy dugc mdi quan he giUa Men
tgi vd tuang lai
Hd Chi Minh khdng chi la nha tfl
tfldng, Iy luan, ma cdn la ngfldi td chflc
thflc tien kiet xua't va cd nhflng dfl bao
thien tai Trong tfl duy eua Ngfldi, gifla
hien tai va tflang lai ed md'i quan he bien
chflng, tfl hien tai di den tflang lai, de cd
tflang lai huy hoang thi hien tai phai
xdc tidn va hoan t h a n h nhieu nhiem vu
lich sfl Ngfldi ludn t r a n trd vdi hien tai,
tim hfldng giai quydt cho hien tai, ddng
thdi, tfl duy phai hfldng tdi, dfl cam va
chuan hi cho tflang Iai trong mpi dieu
kien, hoan canh D6 cung la mpt net
dpc dao trong phong cdch tfl duy cua Hd
Chi Minh Chinh vi vay, t r e n mdi chang
dfldng each mang, thdi diem lich sfl cua
dan tdc, Ngfldi ludn ed sfl ehi dao, e6
'" Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.8, tr.227
''' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.7, tr.315
131 va 141 Tran Duong, Hd Chi Minh - Nhd du bdo
thien tdi, Nxb Thong tan, HN 2004,
tr.l39-140 va 135 ,
nhieu thay ddi, chuyen hfldng kip thdi
va nhflng phan dodn, dfl cam mang tfnh tien tri
Tai Hdi nghi Trung flang 6 (khda II), Ngfldi da phan tfeh toan dien cupc chien
t r a n h d Viet Nam va chi ra rdng: "Bay gid P h a p thi dang n6i chuyen vdi ta,
dd qud'c My thi dang bien t h a n h ke thu chinh va trfle tidp, mui nhpn eua ta phai chia vao dd qud'c My"'^' Ngfldi eon dien giai nhflng van de chinh tri, thflc tien mdt each hai bfldc va sau sac nhfl sau: Phap vd dau My cang meo mat va dan dan trd t h a n h ke dich chinh cua quan dpi va nhan dan ta; nhieu Dien Bien Phu khac cua ehung ta dang dpi chdng Qua dung nhfl dfl doan cua Ngfldi, quan va dan ta da lam nen mdt t r a n
"Dien Bien Phu t r e n khdng", ddnh tra cupc ban phd, oanh tac mien Bac bang may bay va vu khi hien dai cua de qudc
My tien h a n h vao dau t h a p nien 70 cua thd ky XX
Khi ndi ve tri tue anh minh, man cam chinh tri dac biet, dfl doan thien tai cua Hd Chi Minh, eu Huynh Thue Khdng vidt: "Ngfldi t h a n yeu, kinh men nha't cua ddng bao qud'c dan chung ta la Hd Chf Minh tien sinh La bac yeu nflde dai ehi si Chan di khap ndm chau, mat trdng
xa van dam; n h a n rd thdi cudc, lang do thdi ca"''" Cd Phd Chu tich nflde Nguyin Luang Bang da tflng cam n h a n : "Tdi dpc tha ehue Tet cua Bdc va nghien ngam Iai thay Bac t h a t sfl la mdt nha tien tri"""
Va, Tdng Bf thfl Dang Cdng san My Gdt Hdn cung h e t ldi t h a n phuc, ea ngpi t a m nhin xa trdng rpng eua Ngfldi Ong vidt:
"Tam vi dai tfl tfldng cua Ngfldi, n h a n quan sang sud't nhin xa tha'y rpng cua Ngfldi chi cd the b a t ngudn tfl n h a n thflc sau sac ve nhflng Iflc Iflpng thuc day sfl bien ddi cd tfnh chat bung nd nha't trong toan bd cdng viee cua Ngfldi qua cdc thdi
Trang 558 - Khoa hoc Chfnh tri Qiao iuc - 'Ddo tgo
dai Ho Chi Minh ke't tinh trong con
ngfldi minh nhflng dflc tinh vi dai cua
n h a n dan Viet Nam"'"
Mdt sd dac diem ve phong each tfl
duy eua Hd Chi Minh neu t r e n , hy vpng
rang, it nhieu gpi md cho ngfldi dpc ddi
dieu suy nghi ve viec day va hpc tfl tfldng
Ho Chf Minh sao cho ed hieu qua thiet
thflc, t r a n h phd trflPng, h i n h thflc va sfl
te nhat, n h a m chdn
Thit ba, thitdng xuyen ndng cao
phdm chat chinh tri vd dao ditc
cdch mang
Khdng ngflng n a n g cao kien thflc
chuyen sau, t o a n dien ky n a n g sfl pham,
dflc t i n h nghe nghiep, p h a m cha't ehinh
tri, dao dflc each mang la ta't yeu ddi vdi
cac giang vien Vi vay, cd the ndi, ngfldi
t h a y chan chfnh nao cung phai hpc t a p
cham chi, thfldng xuyen de bd tuc, n a n g
cao kien thdc mdi ed the giang day td't
Ngfldi giao vien Tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh
cung vay Song, do t i n h cha't dac thu eua
mdn hpe, viec n a n g cao p h a m chat chinh
tri va dao dflc each m a n g phai dflpc quan
t a m dac biet Bdi, day la mdn hpc ve
tfl tfldng cua mpt l a n h tu thien tai, mdt
n h a n each ldn da di vao trdi tim cua
trieu trieu con ngfldi
P h a m chat chinh tri ddi hdi mdi
giang vien p h a i la ngfldi trung t h a n h
vdi chu nghia Mdc-Lenin va sfl nghiep
each m a n g giai phdng dan tpc, giai
'1' Bao Nhdn ddn, ngay 17/09/1969
'2' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.5, tr.287
'•^' Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, t.l, tr.263
phdng giai ca'p, ddi mdi theo dinh hfldng XHCN de p h a t t r i e n ma Dang ta da va dang tien h a n h P h a m chat chfnh tri do con dflpc the hien d sfl m a n cam ve tinh hinh chinh tri, t i n h te, sac sao trong viec nam bat, ly giai cac hien tflpng chinh tri phflc tap trong nflde va t r e n the gidi Khdng nhflng the giang vien tfl tfldng
Hd Chi Minh cdn phai la ngfldi di dau trong cdng viec thflc hien dfldng ldi, chii trflPng, chlnh sach cua Dang va phap luat cua Nha nflde Chinh dao dflc, tac phong, ldi sdng l a n h m a n h trong sang cua giao vien cd y nghia r a t ldn trong viec nang eao tinh thuyet phuc eua bai giang Ho Chi Minh cung da tflng nhac nhd chiing
ta phai t r a n h tinh trang: "Chi biet noi
la ndi, ndi gid nay qua gid khac, ngay nay qua ngay khac Nhflng mpt viec gi thiet thflc cung khdng lam dflpc"'^' Ngfldi
n h a n m a n h ve tfnh hieu qua va viec lam thflc te sinh dpng: "mpt ta'm gflPng sdng edn cd gid tri b a n mdt tram bai diin van tuyen truyen"'^' Theo Hd Chi Minh, khdng n e n ndi, thuyet trinh dai dong,
vd bd, ma phai ehu trpng di den viec lam hflu Ich Thiet nghi, trong nghien cflu, giang day tfl tfldng Hd Chf Minh, mdi gido vien can dac biet Iflu tam ldi chi ddn t a m huyet cua Ngfldi tren day Theo chdng tdi, dd la nhflng yeu cau can thiet dd'i vdi ngfldi giang tfl tfldng Hd Chi Minh, tuy chfla day du, nhflng neu dflpc giang vien qudn triet, thflc hien nghiem tdc thi chac chan cha't Iflpng va hieu qua nghien cflu, hpe t a p tfl tfldng
Hd Chf Minh se dflpc n a n g cao.Q
fT
%
"Hoc ly luan khong phai de noi mep, nhi/ng biet ly luan ma khong thirc hanh la ly lu§n suong Hoc la de ap dung vao viec lam Lam ma khdng cd ly luan thi khong khac gl di mo trong dem tdi "
Ho Chi Minh
[Toan tap, t.6, Nxb CTQG, HN 1995 tr.47)