Kieu Thi Khimh Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 71(9) MOT SO GIAI PHAP GOP PHAN NANG CAO C H A T LUONG THUC HANH VAT Li DAI CUONG CHO SINH VIEN TRUONG DAI HOC KY THUAT CONG NGHIEP DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN Kilu[.]
Trang 1M O T SO GIAI PHAP GOP PHAN NANG CAO C H A T LUONG
THUC HANH VAT Li DAI CUONG CHO SINH VIEN
TRUONG DAI HOC KY THUAT CONG NGHIEP- DAI HOC THAI NGUYEN
Kilu Thi Khanh'
rnrang Dgi hpc Ky ihiidl Cdng nghiep Dgi hue Thai \guyeii
T O M T A T i
Vat li la mon khoa hoc thuc nghiem Thi nghiem thuc hanh vat li la mot phan quan trgng khong thi thilu cua mdn hoc vat li 31ii nghiem thuc hanh vat li khdng nhung gdp phan hinh thanh kien thiic cho sinh vien ma cdn gdp phan ren luyen tac phong thuc nghiem khoa hoc, xay dung phuong phap nghien cuu khoa hoc cSn thiet cho ngudi lam cdng tac trong nganh khoa hoc ky thuat Chinh
vi vay, nhiim gdp phiin nang cao chat lugng va ren kT nang thuc hanh thi nghiem vat li biii bao nay
dl cap din viec lua chgn chuong trinh, hoan thien noi dung va phuang phap td chirc thuc hanh mgt sd bai thi nghiem vat li dai cuong cho sinh vien trudng Dai hoc Ky thuat Cdng nghiep - Dai hoc Thai Nguyen
Til' khoa: Thi nghiem vdi ly dgi cuang, chdt lugng thuc hdnh, veil li dgi cuang td chirc thuc hdnh
kT ndng thuc hdnh
MO DAU
Ddi vdi cac Irudng ky Ibuat nhieu mdn bgc
lien quan den ihiel ke che lao cac thiet bj ky
tluial ngu'di ta t h u d n g gap nhieu khd khan
khi thir nghiem
Khi dd thi nghiem d u g c sir d u n g nhu la
p h u o n g tien lao co' sd cho viec dao lao ky
nang nghe nghiep Cd the ndi thye hanh lhi
nghiem la mdt hinh t h i r c , t d chire dao lao
quan trgng trong cac t r u d n g Dai bgc Khoa
hoc 111 nhicMi vii ky thuat .,^ , ,
Cling cd mdt sd lac gia nghien ciru c h u o n g
trinh thi nghiem vat ly dai c u o n g N h u n g
cho den nay chua cd dc lai nao nghien cuu
vi; c h u o n g trinh thi nghiem vat ly dai c u o n g
ddi vdi sinh vien truinig Dai hge ky thuat
C d n g nghiep - Dcii bgc Thai Nguyen
( O I l k l ' C N - D H T N )
N(,)l D U N C J
Thiic t r a n g c d n g tac thi n g h i e m vat li dai
c u o n g
Doi vdi phan lhi nghiem Vcit li Aai cuong cua
trudng Dl IK TCN - D H T N hien nay sinh vien
dang lien biinh 6 bai bao gdm cac phan: co',
nhiel dien q u a n g Ui va mdi bai ly thuyet
sai sd Ciich tluic td cluic lhi nghiem: mdi
sinh vien phai liim thi nghiem 3 budi (6
• Tel:09S987929l: Email kieuUhiiihl9SI ugmail com
tiet/budi) t r o n g dd mdi budi phai tien hanh
2 bcii thi nghiem
Trudc day sinh vien nghien ciru biii trirdc o' nha lien banh thi nghiem va xu ly sd lieu dudi sy h u d n g dan ciia giao vien
Qua qua trinh h u d n g dan sinh vien lien hcinh thi nghiem chimg ldi nhan thay mdi sd van dc sau:
- Tai lieu h u d n g dan thi nghiem chi neu trinh
ty thi nghiem ma chua h u d n g dan cu the viec thye hien limg bude lhi nghiem, dan tdi mgt
sd sinh vien gap khd khan trong qua trinh Ur nghien ciru lai lieu
- Nhieu sinh vien chira Ur giiic nghien ciru tai lieu trudc d nha neii khdng nam d u g c muc dich va co' so' ly ihuycl cua bai lhi nghiem lung timg khi lien banh thi nghiem
va xir ly sd lieu
- Sd sinh vien/nhdm lhi nghiem ddng dan ldi nhieu sinh vien khdng true tiep dugc lam thi nghiem ma chi theo ddi va ghi ket qua Mat khac, nhieu sinh vien cd tinh than tich cyc hge hdi, mudn tim hieu sau vc kien thiic
c u n g n h u ky n a n g thi nghiem thi lai khdng
cd dieu kien
Theo dieu tra ctia chimg tdi ddi vdi mot nhdm sinh \'ien (phdng van bang phieu dieu tra) ket qua ihu dugc lii:
Trang 2+Ve viec dgc tai lieu hudng dan trudc budi
thi nghiem:
58.3% sinh vien thinh thoang cd dgc tai lieu;
5% sinh vien khdng bag gid dgc tai lieu
+ Khi thye hanh thi nghiem: 13,3% khdng
bao gid tien hanh thi nghiem; 45% ludn ludn
tham gia lam lhi nghiem; Sd cdn lai thinh
thoang ed lien hanh lhi nghiem
+ Khi viet bao cao thi nghiem: 6,7% chep lai
loan bd bao eao ciia ban khac; 36,7% lay sd
lieu eiia ban trong nhdm rdi ve viet bao cao
Tien hanh dieu tra ngau nhien ddi vdi 73 bai
bao cao thi nghiem cho ket qua:
Diem dudi 4: chiem 1,4%
Diem 4 - 5.4: chiim 42,5%
Diim 5,5 - 6,9: ehilm 43,8%
Diim 7 - 8 , 4 : chiim 10.9%
Diim 8,5 -10: chiim 1,4%
iTIiang diem theo chuong irinh lin chi)
Tir thye trang thi nghiem neu tren cluing ldi
de xual mdt sd giai phap nham gdp phan nang
cao chat lugng thye hanh cho sinh vien
trudng DHKTCN-DHTN
De xuat mot so giai phap nham nang cao
chat luong thuc hanh cho sinh vien
Thir nhiit: Lya chgn cac bai bat bude va cac
bai ty chgn
Bd mdn vat li cua trudng DHKTCN - DHTN
la nidi trong nhung bd mdn co' sd quan trgng
trong chuang trinh dao tao Vat li la mdn
khoa bgc nghien ciru cae hinh thuc van ddng
CO ban nhat eiia vat chat, la ca sd ciia nhilu
nganh khoa bgc ty nhien va cac nganh ky
thuat nhu: che tao may, thilt bj san xuit va
lieu thu dien
Trong dd thye hanh lhi nghiem vat li giu vai
trd rat quan trgng trong viec bgc tap bd mdn
vat li, ddng thdi gdp phan ren luyen ky nang,
nghe ky thuat cho sinh vien Tren ca sd dd
chimg ldi lya chgn cac bai thi nghiem vat li
sao cho dap img muc lieu dao tao mdn vat li
ndi cluing va cac mdn bgc khac ndi rieng
Tir ihyc trcing thi nghiem hien nay va tham
khao chuong trinh thi nghiem ciia cac trudng
14
ky thuat khac, chung tdi lya chgn 6 bai bat buoc Dd la cac bai gan lien vdi kien thirc ca ban cua vat If ddng thdi tao dieu kien ren luyen ky nang thye hanh thi nghiem, sir dung may mdc cho sinh vien
Do phan phdi chuong trinh cung nhu thdi lugng cho phep, ngoai cac bai ca ban chimg tdi lya chgn them mgt sd bai thi nghiem tu chgn nham md rgng va nang cao ky nang thuc hanh cho sinh vien
Thii- hai: Ddi mdi each thirc td chirc hudng
dan thf nghiem va each danh gia ket qua thye hanh
Til' thye trang thi nghiem neu tren ta thay chat lugng thye hanh thi nghiem ciia sinh vien chua cao, ddi hdi phai cd su ddi mdi trong each Id chuc hudng dan thi nghiem cung nhu danh gia ket qua thye hanh de chat lugng thi nghiem dugc nang len, dap img muc tieu dao tao
* Cdng tac td chuc hudng dan thi nghiem:
- Giao vien phai tao ra mdi trirdng hge tap chii ddng sang tao cho sinh vien
- Sd lugng sinh vien ciia mdi nhdm lhi nghiem ddng (15-20 sinh vien/ nhdm) ma dyng cu thi nghiem chi cd mgt bd nen phai chia nhd nhdm thf nghiem de tdi da sinh vien
cd the tiep can vdi dung cu thi nghiem Cung
cd the chia nhdm thi nghiem thanh 2-3 nhdm nhd, mdi nhdm tien hanh mgt ngi dung ciia bai thi nghiem
- Sinh vien phai chuan bj bai Inrdc d nha theo yeu cau cua giao vien
- Giao vien kiem tra kien thirc sinh vien da chuan bj trudc khi vao tiln hanh thi nghiem
- Giao vien dat ra cac cau hdi de sinh vien thao luan, giai thich tren ca sd ly thuylt dci dugc hge
- Giao vien quan sal va hirdng din qua trinh tien hanh thi nghiem ciia sinh vien dong thdi kiem tra nhung hieu biet cua sinh vien vl bai thi nghiem
- Neu cd thdi gian yeu cau sinh vien xii' ly
so lieu ngay tai lap, tir dd cd thi chi cho sinh vien nhung thilu sdt, sai lim d n trinh bay khi lam bao cao
* Cdng tac danh gia kit qua tlurc hanh
Trang 3Chia thanh cac diem thanh phan vdi ty le
nhu sau:
+ lich cue thuc hien thi nghiem: 10%
+ Sang tao trong viee thao luan: 10%
+ Chuan bj bai d nha: 20%
+ Viet ket qua bao cao thi nghiem: 60% [2]
Thu ha: Hoan thien ndi dung cac bai lhi
nghiem
Tai lieu hudng dan thi nghiem hien nay neu:
dung eu thi nghiem, co' sd ly thuyet, trinh ty thi
nghiem eau hdi kiem tra ma chua neu dugc cae
djnh hudng, hudng dan cu the viec thye hien
timg birdc lam thi nghiem 0 bai bao nay chiing
tdi dua ra viec hudng dan sinh vien cac bude
lam thi nghiem, cd djnh hirdng cu the bang he
thdng cau hdi djnh hudng va cd nhung ket luan
can thiel ve bai thuc hanh da lam nhd he thdng
cau hdi kiem tra
Mdi bai thi nghiem bao gdm nhung ndi
dung sau:
- Muc dich lhi nghiem;
- cau hdi djnh hudng giiip sinh vien de
dang tiep thu dugc cac kien thirc mdi trong
bai thuc hanh;
- Co' sd ly thuyet neu nhung ly thuyet chung
nhat lien quan ldi bai thi nghiem va cac
nguyen ly boat ddng ciia thiet bj do;
- Dung cu lhi nghiem;
- Trinh ty lhi nghiem neu cu the cac bude can
thye hien va nhung dieu can chii y trong qua
trinh lam thi nghiem de dat dugc muc dich
cua bai thi nghiem;
- Cac kel qua lhi nghiem can bao eao: hudng
dan sinh vien biet each viet bao cao thi
nghiem ngan ggn, rd rang, chinh xac ca sd Iy
thuyet phuong phap do xir ly sd lieu da thuc
hanh va bien luan kel qua lim dugc;
- cau hdi kiem tra giiip sinh vien hieu sau
them bai thuc hanh va lu kiem tra kien thiic
cua minh f I] [3]
THUC NGHIEM SU PHAM
De danh gia dugc chat lugng tlurc hanh vat ly
sau khi van dung cac giai phap neu tren: Thir
nhat cluing tdi da lien hanh lya chgn hai
nhdm ddi cluing va hai nhdm llurc nghiem ed
trinh do tuang dirong (mdi nhdm 20 SV)
Thir hai, ehiing ldi dya tren can cir de danh gia:
- Ve mat djnh tfnh: dya tren su quan sat nhung bieu hien tich cue ciia sinh vien trong gid thi nghiem:
+ Sinh vien tap trung ehu y, tu giac tien hanh thi nghiem
+ Tra ldi dimg cac cau hdi djnh hudng trong tai lieu cung nhu eae cau hdi giao vien dat ra lien quan den ndi dung ciia bai thi nghiem + Van dung cac kien thirc ly thuyet de giai thich hien tugng vat ly, ket qua thye nghiem
so vdi ket qua Iy thuyet
- Ve mat djnh lugng: danh gia dya tren ket qua ciia cac bai bao cao thi nghiem sau khi sinh vien da hoan thanh cac bai thi nghiem each xep loai nhu sau:
Biem so
8 5 - 1 0
7 - 8,4
5 5 - 6 , 9
4 - 5 , 4
< 4
O iem chu'
A
B
C
D
F
Xep loai
Gidi Kha Trung binh Trung binh yeu Veil
Dua tren ket qua thu dugc se cho phep danh gia chat lugng, hieu qua ciia viec thye hanh thi nghiem vat ly
Thdng qua viec xir ly sd lieu, tinh loan thdng ke lir cac bai bao cao va quan sal thai
do eung nhu ky nang thuc hanh thi nghiem ciia sinh vien cho phep chimg tdi cd mdi vai nhan djnh sau:
- O nhdm thye nghiem: do chuan bj bai tdt d nha va dugc quan sat tryc tiep giao vien lam thi nghiem nen sinh vien tham gia thye hien cac nhiem vu hge tap mdt each lich cue sdi ndi Da sd sinh vien tra Idi dugc cac cau hoi
ma giao vien neu ra, tich cue trao ddi thao luan cac van de cd lien quan ldi bai thi nghiem Cdn d nhdm ddi chimg: do de ty gicic dgc tai lieu hudng dan d nha nen nhilu sinh vien khdng thuc hien, dan tdi dti dugc giao vien hudng dan thi nghiem thi nhilu sinh vien van cdn bd ngd, limg timg khi tiln hanh thi nghiem Cae cau hdi lien quan tdi biii lhi nghiem nhieu sinh vien kbdnu tra Idi duoc
Trang 4Cd nhting sinh vien khdng biet minh ldi
phdng thi nghiem phai lam nhung gi Chinh
vi vay, khi ket qua thi nghiem khdng dimg
vdi trong ly thuyet da hoc cac em cung khdng
phat hien ra
Bang xep locii
Diem
A
B
C
D
F
Thu'c
SL
3
17
15
5
0
ngi liem
%
7.5 42,5 37,5 12.5
0
D6\
SL
1
17
14
6
2
chiing
%
2,5 42.5
35
15
5
- Mirc do tich cyc ty lyc trong qua trinh thf
nghiem ciia nhdm thye nghiem ldn hon nhdm
ddi chirng
- Diem trung binh cua nhdm thuc nghiem ldn
hon diem trung binh cua nhdm ddi chim"
- Thai do bgc tap ciia sinh vien da dugc nang len
Nhung nhan djnh tren chirng td: chat lugng bgc lap cua nhdm thye nghiem tdt hon nhdm ddi chimg
KET LUAN Vdi viec van dung mdt sd giai phap neu tren vao qua trinh thye hanh thi nghiem vat ly dai cirong cho sinh vien trudng Dai bgc Ky thuat Cdng nghiep- Dai bgc Thai Nguyen, chiing tdi da thu dugc mdt sd ket qua nhat djnh: thai
do bgc tap, ky nang thye hanh thi nghiem va ket qua bgc tap ciia sinh vien da dugc nang len Dieu dd chirng Id cac giai phap dugc de cap trong bai bao nay da gdp phan nang cao chat lugng thuc hanh cho sinh vien
T A I LIEU THAM KHAO
[I] Khung chuong trinh thi nghiem hien hcinh trudng dai hge Ky thuat Cdng nghiep 2009
[2] Dang Danh Hoang (2009), Tuyen tap hdo cdo khoa hoc, Dgi hoc Ky thudt Cong nghiep
[3] Nguyen Duy Thang (2005), Thuc hdnh vdt ly dgi cuong, Nxb Dai hge Su pham, Hii Ngi
SUMMARY
SOME SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF GENERAL
PHYSICS PRACTICE FOR STUDENT AT UNIVERSITY
OF TECHNOLOGY- THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY
Kieu Thi Khanh'
College oJ Technology Thai Nguven tiuveisilv
Physics is an experimental science Practical experiments in physics is an important and indispensable part of the physics course Practical experiments in physics not only contribute to the formation of knowledge to students but also help to train their behavior of experimental science, methods construction and scientific research, it is necessary for people to work in science world Therefore, in order to contribute to the improvement of the quality of practical skills in physics experiments, this paper refers to the selection of programs, the improvement of the content and the methods of organizing some general physics experiments for students in the College of Technology - Thai Nguyen University
Key words: physics experiment, quality practice, general physics, organizational practices,
practical skills
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