Darii; Tlii I e Tarn Tap Chi KlIOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73{ll) 3 NGHI THCC LOI NO/ JRO^G HOAT DONG GIAO TIEP VA REN LUYEN NGHf THlfCLOINOICHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC Dang Thi Le Tam* Tnn''''mg Dai hoc Sir pluiiii D[.]
Trang 1Darii; Tlii I.e Tarn Tap Chi KlIOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73{ll):3
NGHI THCC LOI NO/ JRO^G HOAT DONG GIAO TIEP
VA REN LUYEN NGHf THlfCLOINOICHO HOC SINH TIEU HOC
Dang Thi Le Tam*
Tnn'mg Dai hoc Sir pluiiii - D/l Thai Sguyen
TOM TAT
Nghi tliLic lai noi (NTLN) la mot thuat ngir moi xiiat hien trong thai gian gan da\' khi ngon ngu'
hoc chuven dan sang huong nghien ci'iu loi noi NTLN la diing tieng noi de phuc vu cho nghi thuc
ung xir Do do, can phai nhan thiic dugc tam quan trong ciia viec su dung NTLN trong tchau ngij',
trong giao tiep de phuc vu cho viec thiet lap, duy tri va phat trien cac moi quan he \a hoi Day hoc
NTLN la mot noi dung moi ciia chuong trinh Tieng Viet tieu hoc Cac NTLN trong chuong trinh
se giup hoc sinh biet each giao tiep ung xu trong nhieu tinh Huong cua cuoc song, giup cac em
phat trien dugc tat ca cac dang loi noi ma cugc song dang doi hoi 6 cac em, huong cac em tra
thanh nhung con nguoi nang dgng, sang tao, hoan thien trong xa hoi inoi
Til-khoa: nghi llnrc /('ri nui, hout dong giao tiep, tieng I'iel lien lioc tinh huong
NTLN TRONG HOAT D O N G GIAO TIEP
Noi toi giao tiep ciia \a hoi ioai nguoi la noi
to! giao tiep bang ngon ngfr vi chi con ngiiai
moi CO ngon ngiT Ngon ngCr ra doi da gan ket
con nguoi lai vcVi nhau chal che hon va xa hoi
Ioai ngiroi thi dugc "xa hoi hoa'' manli me
hon boi tinh quy iroc chat che cua no Xa hoi
cang phat trien tinh quy uoc cua ngon nuiT
cang cao, vol nhung nghi thi'rc nga\ cang tinh
te va phuc tap Ngon ngiT hoc hien dai da nga_\
cang cln'i y hon toi ngon ngiT trong moi quan
he voi cac nhan to van hoa, xa hoi hay pliong
tuc tap quan cua cong dong sir dung no
d nude ta, NTLN la moi thuat ngfr moi xuat
hien trong thai gian gan day, khi ngon ngfr
hoc cliuyen dan sang huong nghien ciVu loi
noi NTLN la dimg tieng noi de phuc \'u cho
nghi thuc I'rng xir CcS rat nhieu each hicu khac
nhau ve NTLN:
Trong cuon "'Nghi thuc loi noi Nga" Akisina
A.A va N.I.FormanoNskaiJa da neu len mot
dinh nghia kha day du \ e NTLN NTLN la
•"Nhrrng quy tfic irng xu loi noi dac trung cua
tirng dan tpc dupe dimg trong cac tinh huong
CO nhtTng nguai doi ihoai dang tiep xi'ic \a
giao tiep voi giong dieu dirge lira chgn phu
htip voi hoan canh giao tiep \6i cac dau hieu
xa hoi cua nhung nguoi doi ihoai \a cac mo\
' Tel: (l'JI2454S2S Email Iclai}i.y'lir9 agniail.euiii
quan he giua lig \ 6i nhau va dugc bien thanh cac dgng liinh giao tiep""
Tir dien tieng Viet cua Vien Nghien ci'ru ngon ngiT hoc 2005 c6 dinh nghla: "NTLN la nhung dieu quy dinh tlieo quy iroc xa hoi hoac tlioi quen can phai lam di'ing de dam bao tinh nghiem tuc cua sir giao tiep""
Nhu \ay, XTL.X la he l/iniig iilimig cong ihi'iv
linrng doi vCnig hen incing tilth dac thii cua dan toe dime thiiii nhan nhdin thiet lap moi c/iian he gii'ra cac ihdiih vien thain gia giao tiep trong mat long the uoc le Xa he)! dat ra
nhiTng hinh thuc nghi le ung xu (trong do c6
ca nhCing ung xu loi noi) moi khi thiet lap va duy tri sir tiep xuc voi ngiroi doi thoai va doi hoi nhung nguoi ban ngfr phai tuan thu cac quy tac ay Ngay li'ic con nho, nguoi ta da dugc day each dimg cac nghi thirc, cac the
thirc cliao hoi, cam on, xiii loi \a c6 nhung
phan irng \6i sir khong tuan thii quy tac ay
Cac hoat dgng giao tiep bang ngon ngfr \ a cac tliao tac cua no chin sir kiem tra ngat ngheo cung nhu chiu anh huong tir cac nguycn tac tham my \ a cac quy uoc xa hoi De giao tiep dugc voi nhau con ngircTi phai tuan theo nhiing nghi thirc nhat dinh theo quy uoc ciia
xa hoi, chang han nhu triroc khi vao cau chuyen thi phai c6 chao hoi, khi nhan an hue tir ngiriii khac thi phai cam on khi mac loi thi
phai xin loi \77,.V chinh Id IKTI hoc 16 fd ret iihdt tinh rieiig hiel cua van hod lam Iv dan
Trang 2Dans Thj Le Tam Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73(1i;
loc boi tinh qiiy uac chut che nghiem ngdt
cua no NTLN c6 the hieu Id nhuitg hdnh vi
dimg tieng noi de phuc vu nghi thiic I'mg \ir
NTLN voi tu each hanh vi giao ti^p xa
hoi, "thifc hien cac hdnh vi noi ndng duvi cac
hinh thirc doi thoai doc thoai voi nhwig ihain
so vd ngon ngCr hoc tam ly Quan he \d hoi
ton li ve chirc nghiep vd liiol tdc cua cac
thanh vien iham gia hoi canh ngir canh cii
the" [9.50], No cung dugc coi la 'iihmig quy
dinh bat huoc ve hdnh vi noi ndng" [11.143];
la "nhimg quy iivv \d hoi ve le nghi trong loi
an tieng noi" [6,7] Han a dau hk trong
NTLN "tinh xa hoi" cua ngon ngfr v6 ciing
dam net boi nguoi giao tiep khong hanh dgng
cho rieng minh, ma cho quan he ciia ho voi
nguoi xung quanh Co the nhin thay anh huong
cua cac nhan to xa hoi doi voi viec san sinh ra
NTLN qua so do quy trinh giao tiep sau:
\'6n sonu
i ^
Nyuoi noi » Niihi tliuc loi noi •N'nioi n"he
: t ' ^ ^
\ o n iiiion n y u • '
NTLN gan chat vol ly thuyet hanh vi ngon
ngfr, con ggi la ly thuyet hoat dgng loi noi,
ma nguoi ma dau la J.L.Austin va sau do la
J.Searle Theo Austin khi thuc hien mot hanh
dgng ngon ngfr nguoi ta thirc hien 3 hanh vi
dong thoi:
1 Hanh vi tao loi (acte locutoire)
2 Hanh vi mugn loi (acte perlocutoire)
3 Hanh vi a lai (acte illocutoire)
Theo chimg toi, cai dang chii y xet tren binh
dien dung hgc la hanh vi a loi va hanh vi
nnrgn lai Boi le trong hai Ioai hinh nay deu
nhat thiet phai c6 hoat dgng tao lai, la cai
ngoai bien cho noi dung a lai va mugn loi
Cac noi dung nay nhieu khi tac dgng tro lai
quy dinh cho kieu ket hgp ngfr am, cii phap
ciia phat ngon
fhinh vi tao loi la hanh vi sir dung cac yen to
cua ngon ngfr nhir ngfr am tir virng cac ki^u
ket hgp tir thanh cau eta tao ra mot phat
ngon ve hinh thirc va noi dung Mot bg phan
4
cua hanh \ i tao loi da la doi tugng nghien cu'u cua ngon ngfr hgc tien dung hgc
Hdnh vi iniron loi la nhung hanh vi "mirgn"
phirong tien ngon ngfr noi cho dimg hon la mugn cac phat ngon de gay ra mot hieu qua ngoai ngon ngfr nao do ciia nguoi nghe, nguoi nhan hoac a chinh nguoi noi
Hdnh vi a h'ri la nhung hanh vi ngiroi noi thirc
hien ngay khi noi nang Hieu qua ciia chimg
la nhung hieu qua thugc ngon ngu: c6 nghla
la chiing gay ra mot phan irng ngon ngfr tuong irng voi chimg d ngiroi nhan Vi du ve
hanh vi d Idi: hoi yen can ra lenh m&i, hiki
hen khiiyen bao cam on xin loi
Khac vdi hanh vi mugn Idi, hanh vi d Idi cd y dinh (hay cd dich- intentionnel), cd quy irdc (conventionnel) va cd the che (institutionnel) dii rang quy udc va the che ciia chimg khong hien ngon ma quy tac van hanh chiing dugc ingi nguiii trong mot cdng dong ngon ngir tuan theo mot each khong tir giac Chinh d cho nay, chiing ta cang de dang phan biet dugc nhfrng hanh vi nao da trd thanh NTLN, cdn hanh vi nao van cdn nam d dang nguyen,
ma moi ca nhan cd the thuc hien theo each rieng ciia minh
Hay ndi each khac, NTLN nam d khu vuc d Idi Khi cac hanh vi d Idi nay dirge lap di lap lai d nhieu ngudi d^n miic trd thanh tap quan ngon til' theo mot quy irdc sir dung chung ciia mot cdng dong ngon ngfr thi cac hanh vi do trd thanh NTLN Nhfrng NTLN nay phuc vu
cho viec iWik lap, duy tri va phat triSn doi
thoai Xa hon nfra, no lam cho moi quan he giiTa ngudi vdi ngudi mang tinh ngirdi hon, phii hgp vdi xa hoi van minh, th^ hien nhfrng net te nhj trong tam ly cua con ngirdi hien dai REN LUYEN NGHI THUC LOl NOI CHO HOC SINH TIEU I IOC
NTLN chii yeu ton tai trong khau ngfr tir nhien, khau ngfr sinh hoat thirdng ngay Tuy nhien, phong each khau ngfr tir nhien ciia chimg ta cung can phai phat tri^n theo hirdng van hoa, ngliTa la viec su dung nd va ban than
nd phai gan vdi nhfrng hanh vi van minh xa hgi, phai Ioai bo nhfrng ki^u ndi nang thd tuc, kem van hoa Ngon ngfr la mot mat ciia van hoa, la noi tang trfr van hoa va bieu hien van
Trang 3Danii Thi Le Tam Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 7 3 ( i i ;
hoa ciia ca nhan, gia dinh va ciia loan xa hgi
Ngon ngfr va van hoa khong the tach rdi
nhau Do do, can phai nhan thuc dugc tam
quan trgng ciia viec sir dung NTLN trong
khau ngfr, trong giao tiep Y thuc ve nhiem vu
khong ngiing trau ddi NTLN van minh, hien
dai, hgp vdi ban sac dan tdc la gdp phan true
tiep den viec gifr gin sir trong sang cua tieng
Viet, la mot pham chat khong the thieu dugc
ddi vdi con ngudi mdi d thai dai ciia chiing ta
Dung nhu Thii tudng Pham Van Ddng da ndi;
Tieng Viet la gidu vd dep No si^ gidu vd dep
hov null neu chimg ta biet giu no dimg no vd
phdl trien n6 Girr gin no vd phat trien nd nhir
the ndo? Day Id van de cdn suy iighT" [4, 93]
Thuc vay, cdng viec nay khong don thuaii la
nhiem vu ciia nganh ngon ngfr hgc ma la cdng
viec ciia toan dan Lam tot viec ke thira va
each tan NTLN ciia dan tdc phai dat tren
pham vi toan xa hgi, nhung quan trgng va
ndng cot nhat la nha trudng phd thong, dac
biet la nha trudng tieu hgc - noi dat nhfrng
"vien gach" nen mdng cho he thong giao due
phd thong va quan trgng hon la sir hinh th;inh
va phat trien nhan each con ngirdi sau nay
"'The he Ire phai noi vd viet tot hon chung ta"
va nhiem vu ciia nha trudng la "phai lam sao
cho hoc sinh ddn dan c6 y ihiic cd trinh do roi
di den cd thoi quen viet vd ndi dung tieng
Viet" [4 931 Mudn thuc hien dugc Idi day do
trucTiig tieu hgc can phai cd each thirc to chirc
phirong phap day hgc hgp ly \a tich cue nham
nang cao chat lirgng day hgc mdn tieng Viet
giiip hgc sinh sir diing thanh thao tieng Viet
Day hgc NTLN la mot ndi dung mcii ciia
chuong trinh tieng Viet tieu hgc Liin ctau
tien chuong trinh mdn Tieng Viet nam 2001
va nam 2006 dira NTLN thanh mot ndi dung
hgc lap Cac NTLN trong chuong trinh haii
hcl la cac nghi ihirc dirge sir dung trong giao
tiep hang ngay gan gfii phii hgp vdi nhu can
ndi nang ciia hgc sinh Viec dira them ndi
dung day hgc nay vao se giiip hgc sinh biet
each giao tiep irng xir trong nhieu tinh huong
ciia cugc song \ a giiip cac em phat trien dugc
lai ca cac dang Idi ndi ma cugc song dang ddi
hoi o' cac em hirdng cac em tro' thanh nhfrng
con ngudi nang dgng sang lao hoiin thien
trong xa hgi mdi
Qua khao sat chiing toi thay khong nhieu tai lieu nghien ciru ve viec ren luyen NTLN cho hgc sinh tieu hgc Phan Phirong Dung trong
bai \'iet "Ve van de day loi ndi van hod trong
giao tiep ngon ngfr cho hoc sinh qua mdn Tieng Viet" [2] da ban ve mot so mau bai tap
day Idi ndi \an hoa cho hgc sinh tieu hgc va hgc sinh trung hgc co' sd Cfing tac gia nay,
trong bai viet "Cac phuxrng tien tir ngu hieu
dat tinh le phep trong giao tiep vd kha ndng irng dung trong day hoc tieng Viet o tieu hoc"\y\ da de cap mot each cii the cac
phuong tien tir ngfr bieu dat tinh le phep trong giao tiep va viec irng dung tir ngfr bieu dat tinh le phep trong day hgc tieng Viet d tieu
hgc Nguyen Thj Thu Huong trong "Day hoc
NTLN cho hoc sinh lop 2 qua phdn mdn Tap lam v«/?"[5] mtSi chi de cap den ndi dung va
phirong phap day hgc NTLN cho hgc sinh Idp
2 va trong mot phan mdn Tap lam van;
Nguyen Tri vdi ''Mot sd van de ve day hoi
ihoqi cho hoc sinh lieu hoc " [10] da gidi thieu
cac kieu bai tap day hgc NTLN trong bg sach giao khoa Tieng Viet tieu hgc, Tran Thj Hien
Luong trong cdng trinh "Mot sd hien phcip
ndng cao hieu qua ren ki ndng ndi cho hoc sinh lieu hoc </ mdn Tieng Viet"\l] da xac
dinh dugc cac bien phap day hgc ren kT nang ndi cho hgc sinh xuat phiit tir dac diem lira tiidi hgc sinh tieu hgc Cd the ndi, nghien ciru ve NTLN ndi chung va NTLN cho hgc sinh tieu hgc ndi rieng da va dang dugc cac nha giao due tren the gidi va trong nude quan tam d nhfrng binh dien khac nhau; lam quan trgng cua viec day hgc NTLN, cac tieu chi xay dung NTLN va each tiep can, phan Ioai
va mieu ta NTLN tieng Viet, mot sd bien phap nang cao chat liigng day hgc NTLN Tuy nhien, de giai qiiyet loan dien van de day hgc NTLN cho hgc sinh d bac tieu hgc nham ihirc hien tot yeu cau nguyen tac giao tiep trong day hgc tieng Viet gan vdi chuong trinh va sach giao khoa mdi hien nay thi van chira cd cdng trinh hay mot chuyen luan nao cd tinh he thdng
Kha nang irng xir ngdn ngfr trong giao tiep cua mdi ngirdi phu thugc nil nhieu vao sir hieu biet xa hgi Vdi ddi tugng hgc sinh, viec hgc tiip tich luy von sdng, vdn hieu biet ve
Trang 4Dansi Thi Le Tam Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73(11); 3 - 8
\an hoa giao tiep \a each the hien cac thai do
irng xu do bang phirong tien ngdn ngfr tuong
irng chu yeu dien ra d mdi trudng gia dinh
nha trudng va xa hgi Trong dd giao due nha
trudng ma co' ban la mdn Tieng Viet giii' mot
\ai trd dang ke
d trudng Tieu hgc qua cac gid tap dgc, gid
ke chuyen hgc sinh dugc tiep xiic vdi nhieu
mau Idi ndi the hien sir irng xir mang mau sac
van hoa ciia cdng ddng ngirdi Viet Vdi
nhfrng mau Idi ndi nay neu ngirdi day chii y
khai thae se cd tac dung rat Idn den \ iec day
su dung NTLN trong giao tiep cho hgc sinh
Cach irng xir giao tiep cd van hoa hgc sinh
dirge tiep xiic hang ngay qua cac man Idi ndi
trong cac bai tap dgc ke chuyen cir tham \ao
dira tre nu)t each tir nhien va khi can cac em
se hgc tap theo mau De hgc sinh cd nang lire
sir dung tieng Viet nhu mot cdng cii de hgc
tap \'a giao tiep cimg vdi ndi dung day cac
kien thirc \ e tieng Viet, can chii \ hon nfra
den \ iec hirdng dan cho hgc sinh nhfrng "quy
tac xii hgi"" nhfrng chuan mirc cua xa hen khi
su dung ngdn ngfr Khi den trudng hgc sinh
Ian dau biet den "chuan ngdn ngfr"" khdng
phai 6 dang thual ngfr ma cac em can cd y
thirc rang khdng phai ai mudn ndi the nao
cfing dugc ma phai phan biet cai gi la"cd
the"", cai gi la "khdng the"" khi su dung ngdn
ngfr Cac em can y thirc dirge rang mgi ngirdi
trong xa hgi da thoa thuan quy udc ndi the
nav thi dugc (hgp chuan) ma ndi the khac thi
khdng dugc (khdng hgp chuan) dau cho dieu
do la hgp logic Vi du cd the ndi do cdc lav
ma khdng the ndi do cdc cd cd the ndi que
chdn ma khdng the ndi que indt cd the ndi
mac do ma khdng the ndi mac hit (dan theo
l'S.39J ; Ddng thai \di \ ihirc \ e chuan muc
ngdn ngfr hgc sinh can phai dirge giao due ve
"chuan \an hoa"" cua Idi ndi Cac em khdng
nhung can biet cai gi la cd the khdng the khi
ndi nang ma can hieu rang cd nhfrng Idi ha\ y
dep \a CO nhiing Idi ndi khdng hay khdng
dep Cac em can cd y thirc ve nhfrng dieu
"nen"" va "khdng nen"" "lot"" \a "khdng tot""
tren binh dien sir dung ngdn ngfr Ddng thiri
khi den tririing cac em ciing bat dim tham gia
vao mot mdi trudng giao tiep mdi cd tinh chiil
xa hgi - giao tiep trong Idp hgc - \di nhfrng
6
ddi hoi rieng khac vdi mdi trudng giao tiep cua gia dinh ma cac em da quen thugc
San pham Itii ndi ciia cac em dugc hinh thanh trong qua trinh giao tiep Cac em da hgc dirge nhfrng cau ndi dimg dira vao viec ghi nhd mot each cd y thirc nhfrng Idi ndi dien ra xung quanh ciia dng ba, bd me anh chi Cac em nam quy tac ay mot each cii the, true giac bang nhfrng Idi ndi cii the trong nhfrng tinh hudng rieng biet Cach hgc nhir vay thirdng chi la hgc gi biet day nhd gi ndi day each dien dat ndi nang phan Idn la cung nhae, dap khudn, khdng linh hoat sinh ddng Cac em chi cd kha nang ndi lai dugc Idi ngudi khac
ma khdng the sang tao ra each ndi mdi, each ndi khac ciia rieng minh 0 day, viec nam cac NTLN chi la viec nam each ndi dimg mot sd cau CII the Idi ndi cii the gan lien vdi nhfrng tinh hudng giao tiep nhat dinh Thoat khdi tinh hudng giao tiep, dirdng nhu cac em khd
cd the tao ra Idi ndi dimg, hay Vdi each hgc
ay, Viec hinh thanh ky nang tao Idi ndi diing
NTLN thirdng mat nhieu thb'\ gian, cdng sire
ma hieu qua lai thap
Day hgc NTLN cho hgc sinh lieu hgc khdng phcii la day "ky thuat"" ngdn ngfr trong hoat dgng giao tiep ma la day "ky thuat" giao tiep bang ngdn ngfr Vi vay, de thiic day viec hinh thanh ky nang ky xao trong giao tiep ndi chung \a sir dung NTLN ndi rieng d cac em mdi each mau chdng thuan Igi va lau ben phai giiip hgc sinh thdng hieu cac quy tac ngdn ngfr bang viec cho cac em tiep can vdi cac tinh hudng va xu ly cac tinh hudng dd Ket qua cua viec tham gia xir ly tinh hudng se
du-gc phan anh vao qua trinh tir duy ciia cac
em Nhd cd cam giac tri giac, cac tinh hudng cua thuc ti; khach quan se dugc liru gifr trong tri nhd ciia cac em \ a se giiip cac em dan dan hinh thanh nhfrng khai niem mdi tir ngfr mdi
cd tinh chat chuan muc van hoa Chinh vi the a cac Idp tieu hgc \ iec hudng d^n cho hgc sinh quan sat xu ly, tich luy nhfrng sir
\at sir viec cua cac linh hudng giao tiep la mtit \iec lam quan trgng.De cung c6 nhfrng
bieu tugng cd dugc a cac cm that dam net
giao \ien can chii y lap di lap lai cac linh hudng giao tiep (that \ a gia djnh) de ihdng
Trang 5Dansi Thi Le Tam Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 7 3 ( i n : 3 -qua vice lap di lap lai a_\ cac NTLN dugc luu
gifr mot each tir nhien \ a ben vfrng
Bdi le dd chuong trinh Tieng Viet da dira ra
rat nhieu bai lap phat trien Idi ndi trong do cd
cac bai tap luyen NTLN cho hgc sinh vdi
nhieu hinh thirc khac nhau rat gan gfii \di ddi
sdng ciia hgc sinh.Nhfrng bai tap nay deu cd
ndi dung rat can thiet \ a rat thdng dung, hay
gap trong cugc sdng hang ngav cua cac em
Cluing se la nhfrng ggi y de dinh hirdng
ngudn ngfr lieu cho hgc sinh trong qua trinh
giao tiep
Vi du 1; Tap ndi Idi chao
- Cua be vdi me Irm'rc khi he vdo lap
- Cua he vdi cd Irirdc khi be ra ve
(Tieng Viet l , l a p 2 tr 74)
Vi du 2; Ndi Idi cam on ciia em trong nhfrng
trudng hgp sau;
a Ban ciing lop cho em di chung do mita
b Co giao cho em iniron qiiyen sach
c Em be nhat ho em chiec hut roi
(Ti6ngViel2 tap l l r 3 8 )
Vi du 3 : Tugidi thieu ve em vdi me cua ban
em khi em den nhd ban em kin ddu Tir gidi
thieu ve em vdi bdc hdng xdin khi bd bao cm
sang miivn hdc cdi kim Tir gidi thieu ve em
vdi cd Hieu Irinnig khi em den phong cd
imir/n lo hoa cho Idp
(Tieng Vict 2 tap K tr 147)
Sir phong phii ve ngudn ngfr lieu trong cac
bai tap nay khdng chi giiip hgc sinh thdng
thao cac kT nang ma cdn giiip cac em cd the
bai dau birdc \ho cugc sdng Vi du dav hgc
sinh Idp I Idp 2 biet gidi thieu don gian ve
ban than, gia dinh tririTng hgc ban be thay
cd giao theo muc dich nhat dinh chinh la day
hgc sinh ndi ve cac hoan canh giao tiep khac
nhau the hien van hoa irng xii cua ngirdi Viet
Gidi thieu ban than vdi nhfrng ban be cimg
lua tuoi khi mdi gap nhau Ian dau se khac vdi
vice gidi thieu ban than vdi khach cua bd me
Sir khac nhau nay khdng chi d Idi xung ho d
ngfr dieu ndi ma a trong thdng tin a ngdn
ngfr sir dung, d phong each Idi ndi \a cdn the
hien qua thai do
Khdng phai ngau nhien tir xa xira cha dng ta
da quan niem "Tien hgc le hau hgc van"" Nga\ nay, con ngirdi hien dai can cd nhieu phSm chat d^ dap irng yeu cau ciia xa hgi hien dai nhu tir tin, cd ca tinh, nang ddng, sang tao Nhung khdng phai vi the ma ta xem nhc vice giao due nhan each cho hgc sinh Thai do Ic' phep giao tiep irng xu bang Idi ndi le phep
la nhfrng yen cau khdng the thieu ddi \di nhan each ciia dira tre Sir le phep trong gia tiep la the hien dao dire, quan diem cua tre \ o con ngudi vdi cugc sdng Sir le phep dirg^ hinh thanh tir nhieu con dirdng khac nhau Mot trong nhfrng con dirinig ay la ngdn ngfr,
Vi "ngdn ngfr la hien thuc true tiep ciia lir tuong"" (Cac Mac) Ngdn ngfr cung gdp phan hinh thanh cung cd nhfrng nhan thirc quan diem cua con ngudi Hon nfra theo ly thuyet hanh ddng thi nhan thirc cua con ngirdi dugc hinh thanh qua hanh dgng nd tac dgng tdi tinh cam nhan thirc cua con ngLrt;)i Do dd can phai nhan thirc dugc tam quan trgng ciia
\ iec sir dung ngdn ngfr de bieu dat NTLN trong khau ngfr trong giao tiep Viec sir dung dimg NTLN kem theo la phep Ijch sir trong lirng tinh hudng phai trd ihiinh bai hgc vd Idnii cua mgi nmixii
TAI LILU THAM KHAO
[1] Dd Hfru Chan (2003) Dai cirong ngdn
ngiJ hoc Tap 2 Nxb Ciiao due.I la Ndi
[2| Phan Phirong Dung(2001) "Ve van dS day Idi ndi \an hoa trong giao tiep ngdn ngfr cho hgc sinh qua mdn Tieng Viet"" Tap chi
.\ghien ci'ru Gido diic
[3| Phan Phirong Dung(2002) "Cac phirong tjen tir ngfr bieu dat tinh le phep trong giao tiep
\a kha nang irng dung trong day hgc tieng Viet
a lieu hgc"",Tap chi Ngdn ngu: sd 16
[4] Pham Van Ddng, "Gifr gin sir trong sang
tieng Viet" Tap chi Vdn hoc sd 3 1966 [5] Nguyen Thi Thu Huong, Day hoc nghi
thi'rc loi ndi cho hoc sinh Idp 2 qua phdn mdn Tap Idin vdn Liuin \an thac sT chuyen nganh
GDII, DHSPIIN,2005
[6] Ho Le (1996), Oiiy luql ngdn ngu- Tinh
quy luql cua ar che ngdn ngil: Nxb Khoa hoc
Xa hdi.Ha Ndi
Trang 6Dang Thi Le Tam Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73(11): 3 - 8
[7] Tran Thj Hien Luang (2009) .1/(3/id'/)/•«/ [9] Hoang Trgng Phi^n (1981) Dac trung
phdp ndng cao hieu qua ren ki ndng noi cho ngdn ngu ndi tic'ng Viet Tap san DHNN hoc sinh lieu hgc a mdn Tieng I'Jet De tai Tokyo Tokyo
NCKH - Vien Khoa hgc Giao due Viet Nam [, 0]'Ngiiy In Tri (2007) .Mot s6 vdn dl' day hoi [8] Le Phirong Nga (2009)(ehu bien) Le A thoai cho hgc sinh lieu hgc NXB Giao due Dang Kim Nga Dd Xuan Thao Phmmgphdp [, , j ^ „ , , , | „ ^ h u Y (1996) Tu dien giai
day hgc Tieng I tet a lieu hgc Nxb Dai hgc //„-,./, ,/„,,?/ ;,^^.,7 „go„ „^rr /,,,^^ ^ x b Giao
Supham Ha Ndi due Ha Ndi
SUMMARY
IN RITUAL SPEECH COMMUNICATION AND SPEECH TRAINING
PROTOCOLS FOR PRIMARY STUDENTS
Dang Thi Le Tam*
College of Education - Thainguyeii I iiircrsilv
Ritual speech is a term that appears in recent times, when language learning turns a speech research Ceremonial speech voice is used for ritual behavior Th'us it needs to be aware of the importance of the use of ritual in the word ofwords in communication to serve the establishment maintenance and de\elopmcnt of social relationships.Teaching the rituals of speech is a new part
in teaching Vietnamese at primary school The implementation of this program will help pupils to communicate and be have well in their real life and develop all the forms of their speech that the> need, orienting them to become active, creative, and perfect in their new socity
Key words: ritual speech, communication, Vietnamese, primarv situation
• Tel- (i>)i:454S2S: Email: Iclam.spnr9agmail.com
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