Nsuven Minh Tan Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 1 73(1 I) 18 24 MOT SO VAN DE VE SU DUNG PHOI HOP THI NGHIEM VAT LY VA CAC PHUONG TIEN DAY HOC THEO QUAN DIEM CONG NGHE DAY HOC HIEN DAI Nguyen Minh Tan* D[.]
Trang 1Nsuven Minh Tan Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73(1 I): 18-24
MOT SO VAN DE VE SU DUNG PHOI HOP THI NGHIEM VAT LY VA
CAC PHUONG TIEN DAY HOC THEO QUAN DIEM CONG NGHE DAY HOC HIEN DAI
Nguyen Minh Tan*
Dgi hue Thai Sguyi'n
TOM TAT
Dua tren nhfrng van de hien dai cua li luan va PPDH, bai viet trinh bav khai quat vl mot s6 quan niem va nhan thiic mdi ve cong nghe day hgc phuong tien day hgc va thilt bj thi nghiem; viec sir dung ket hop hgp ly phuong tien dav hgc va thilt bj thi nghiem trong hoat dgng dav va hgc nham nang cao kha nang nhan thiic va ren luyen ky nang thao tac cho hgc sinh Bai viet cung trinh bay mot so nguven tac chung trong viec thilt kl va sir dung cac phuong tien da> hoc va thiet bj thi nghiem nham ho trg hoat dgng cua giao vien va hgc trong viec khai thac va phan tich noi dung hgc tap, ap dung phuong phap bien phap va kT thuat dav hgc danh gia tl chiic quan li lop
Dong thdi bai viet cung cap nhat va chia se mot s6 kinh nghiem thuc te ciia cac nha su pham lien quan den viec phoi hgp su dung thi nghiem va cac phuong tien dav hgc hien dai trong viec dav hgc vat ly nham kich thich sir himg thii khuyin khich tinh nang dgng sang tao tilt kiem thdi gian va giam cong siic cho giao vien trong khau chuSn bj bai giang d nha cung nhu trong gid len Idp ddna thdi nang cao nang lire ITnh hgi kien thirc ciia hgc sinh gop phSn hinh thanh kT nang kT xao va thoi quen tu duy khoa hgc tu luc va tich cue trong hoat dgng hgc tap cua hgc sinh
Til' khoa: cong nghe day hgc thi ngiem veil ly phiivng tien day hgc ky ndng thuc hdnh ihi nghiem mo phong time hdnh ao
QUAN NIEM Ud\ VE CONG NGHL!
DAY HOC
Cdng nghe day hgc (CNDH) la mot san
pham mot qua trinh khoa hgc ma trong dd
cac ngudn nhan lire va vat lire dugc su dung
hgp ly nham dat muc dich hieu qua cua hoat
ddng day va hgc Vdi each dat van dl nhu
vay CNDH dugc nhin nhan dudi 2 gdc do:
- Thir nhat CNDH dugc nhin nhiin nhu mot
san phdm bao gdm cac quy trinh cac ky
nang thuc hanh va cac cdng cu, vat lieu ho trg
cho hoat ddng day va hgc Quan niem san
phdm dugc hieu bao gom san phdm
khdng-thuc the (hgc tap chuong trinh hoa hgc tap ca
the hoa kv nang day hoc ) va san phdm
thuc the (may vi tinh may chilu va cac
phuong tien nghe nhin khac )
- Thir hai CNDH ciing cdn dugc nhin nhan
nhu mot qud trinh bao gdm cac chirc nana
lien quan vdi viec quan ly va khai thac cac
ngudn nhan lire, vat lire Id chirc cac hoat
ddng day va hgc ren luyen va nghien ciru
thiet lap Vii su dung cac he thong (vi du he
Tel: (1913 0(13 413: Eimnl: lanmn a iuu.edii.vn
thdng thu vien va hgc lieu, he thong thdng tin truyen thdng )
Mudn khai thac sir dung cdng nghe mot each hieu qua va sang tao can nam vfrng vi tri vai trd va cac tinh nang, cdng dung ciia CNDH, bao gdm ca nhfrng tiem nang, thi manh, ciing nhu nhfrng han che cua nd
Mdi quan h^ gifra CNDH va ngudi day cfing
la van de rat can quan tam CNDH, dii co nhieu the manh cfing khdng the lam thay
nhfrng viec ma mot thdy gido cd the lam;
khuyen khich thiic day tao ddng ca va khoi day niem hirng thii cua hgc sinh trong viec tim kiem tri thirc
can cir vao each tiep can thdng tin cac nha
giao due thirdng chia thanh 2 loai; CNDH truyen thong va CNDH hien dai
+ Confi nghe day hoc truyen thong:
Trong day hgc truyin thong CNDH thirdng dugc hieu la viec sir dung, khai thac cac phuong tien cdng cu day hgc phd bien nhu: bang - ph<in sach giao khoa, tranh anh ban dd, md hinh tu lao va vat mau phuc VII vice truyen dat ndi dung iri ihirc cua bai hgc tren Idp
Trang 2Ntiuven Minh Tan Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73(11): 18-24
Bang den phan Irang (hoac bang phooc
-but da) la nhfrng phuong tien dac trung nhat
cua CNDH cfi, day chinh la cdng cu chu yeu
de ngudi Thay the hien tien trinh day hgc,
phan anh rd cac ndi dung bai hgc hgc sinh cd
ihe trinh bay bai giai tren bang cho ca Idp
cimg xem, cd the minh hga bang hinh ve,
each bd tri cac thi nghiem bieu dien co cau
hoat ddng ciia cac dung cu may mdc
-Tranh anh, ban dd, so dd va cac ban v e san
tren giay (hoac giay trong) la cac phirong tien
day hgc bd sung, giiip cho sir md ta cac ddi
tugng hien tugng qua trinh vat li vira sinh
ddng, vira tiet kiem thdi gian Tuy nhien can
luu y; chi nen sii' dung khi can va cat di ngay
sau khi dimg xong tranh lam phan tan sir clui
y ciia hgc sinh
- Sach giao khoa (SGK) ciing la nidt trong
nhfrng phuong tien day hgc quan trgng, tren
ca 2 chirc nang; la phuong tien hgc tap ciia
hgc sinh va hd trg giao vien De hudng dan
hgc sinh sir dung SGK thay giao can giao cho
hgc sinh mot nhiem vu hgc tap (tni ldi cac cau
hdi), kich thich hgc sinh lam vice vdi SGK
(tim kiem, xir ly thdng tin, liep nhan va nit ra
nhfrng kien thirc hfru ich ) Cac loai sach
bai tap va sach hudng dan thi nghiem ciing la
phuong lien hgc tap co' ban va can ihiet
- Cac viil that vii md hinh vat the ciing la
phirong tien day hgc truyen thdng tdt, thiiy
giao nen cd gang chgn lira nhfrng vat that cd
the dira vao Idp hgc va sir dung dimg hie o'
cac giai doan khac nhau ciia qiui trinh day
hgc, dac biet trong day hgc vat li de minh hga
cac hien tugng, qua trinh vat li vi md, true
quan hda cac md hinh ly tuong
- May chieu (gdm mdy chieu gidy trong mdy
chieu dia vd mdy chieu vdt the) vd viec sir
dung hgp ly phuong tien nay cd the coi la
cdng nghe day hoc trung gian gifra truyen
thdng va hien dai da phiit buy kha tdt cho boat
ddng day va hgc, ca a khau dien giang va td
chirc thao luan
Can lull y la v iec su dung may chieu nhu the
nao can gan lien vdi mgi qiiv trinh ddi mdi
phuong phap va phong ciich day va hgc chir
khdna chi don eian la su dung mot loai
phuong tien trinh chilu thay the cho thao tac viet bang mot each don thuan
+ Cdng nghe day hgc hien dai:
- La cac cdng nghe day hgc gan lien vdi
viec su dung nhfrng thanh tiru ciia cdng nghe thdng tin - truyen thdng va cac thiet bi ky thuat so, nham thay ddi can ban boat ddng truyen thu va tiep nhan tri thuc, ky nang, khdng chi la trong gid hgc tren Idp ma ca trong cac boat ddng tu hgc tu tim hieu kiem nghiem nghien ciru ciia hgc sinh sau gid' len Idp ( d trudng va d nha)
- Dien hinh nhat cho CNDH hien dai la viec
sir dung mdy vi tinh mctng va cac phdn mem I'mg dung vao cac khau cua qua trinh day - hgc
UNESCO da tdng ket va thdng nhat 3 md binh aiao due nhu sau;
M6 hinh truyen thong
.Mo hinh thong tin
Mo hinh tri thij'c
I hii\ la runt; kim
fro la trune lam
Nh6ni la trunc tam Ngircrj hoc
tiep tliii I each Ihu donsi
Ngirai hoc iC'p thu 1 each ehu dons;
Ngiroi lioe Ihieli nuhi
CNDl 1 C(1 ban la ,, ,,^,, , CNDl I e(r han
SI) hane nhan , , , ^ la SI) nia\
• ", la S i ) , , , '
\a eae njnrirne , , tmn Manu
, , " i i i a \ \ I t m l i , '
,~-lien nghc nliin ; nia\ tinl'i
Trong 3 md hinh tren md hinh "tri thirc" la
md hinh giao due hien dai nhat hinh thanh khi xuat hien thanh tiru mdi quan trgng nhat ciia CNTT-TT va mang Internet Trong md hinh dd yeu td thdi gian va khdng gian se khdng cdn qua gd bd nghia la ngudi hgc cd the hgc tir xa ma khdng can bat budc phai thirdng xuyen len Idp, du gid cd the se cd cac Idp ao thay vi kieu trudng kip thdng ihucTng; mdi quan he thay trd cd nhieu thay ddi, thay trd thanh ngudi thiic day chuyen gia hudng dan hay ddng nghiep trd phai that sir chu ddng va thich nghi Nhdm trd nen rat quan trgng vi la mdi trudng de ddi thoai tu viin, hgp tcic; viec danh gia khdng cdn dua nhilu viio ket qua ihi cir, ma dua nhieu vao nang lire lien hanh nghien ciru, thich nghi, giao tiep hgp tac
- Ciic phuong lien nghe nhin vii trinh chieu dac biet quan trgng nham ind ta cac dien biln cua mot qua Irinh, lao hirng Ihii va tang linh
19
Trang 3thuyet phuc giiip ngudi hgc nhd rat tdt cac su
kien su lieu vv
- May vi linh mang LAN - WAN va Internet
la nen tang cua CNDH trong md hinh nay
thdng qua v iec xay dung bai giang dien tir co'
so dfr lieu - thu vien dien tu irng dung cac
phan mem md phong va thi nghiem ao
hudng tdi trien viec day hgc tir xa thao luan
nhdm hdi thao true luyen (e-Learning), ma d
dd thay - trd trd - trd cd the trao ddi, chia se
tranh luan qua email, chating blog hoac cac
forum online, vdi cdng nghe day hgc nhu vay
giang day khdng nhfrng cd the dien ra tren Idp
ma cd the dien ra d bat cir d dau va bat cir liic
nao thdng qua mang
- Cac Trung tam hgc lieu - Thu v ien dien tir
khdng the tach rdi CNTT tham chi hoan toan
phu thugc vao CNTT vdi rat nhieu chirc nang
mdi: thiet lap co' sd tri thirc xay dung kho tai
nguyen hgc tap dien tir; xay dung thu vien so
(tai lieu, giao trinh sach tham khao luan van
bai bao ) id chirc bien muc tu ddng khai
thac dfr lieu qua mang \a\ dung cac trang
Web va cac lien ket Trung lam hc^c lieu
-I h u vien dien tu cdn ddng vai trd la mot
khdng gian mtit mdi trudng hoat ddng phuc
vu hgc tap ma a dd cd cac bd suu lap tai
nguyen so nai hgc sinh cd the dang ky hgc
xem diem, nhan ke hoach hgc tap trien khai
cac hinh thirc e-learning true tuyin
Cac bai giang va giao trinh dien tir chuyen
nganh do cac thay cd tu thilt ke va bien soan
tir cac cdng cu thdng dung, ma cd le phii biln
nhat la Powerpoint hay frontpage dugc tich
hgp san trong MS Office ciing ngay cana trd
nen thdng dung Gan day Cue cdng rniUe
thdng tin Bd GDDT da gidi thieu va khuyin
khich su dung mot sd cdng cu soan thao va
thiet ke bai giang dien tu chuyen nghiep hon
nhu; Adobe Presenter 7.0 Adobe Captivate
hay Multimdia Daulsofl Lecture Maker
Microsoft Producer Dac biet gan day bd cdnu
cu xay dung bai giang dien tu ILC Builder va
Imitorciia NSC Technology dang dugc «idi
thieu va dugc nhieu ngudi quan tam su diiim
- Cac phan mem xay dung ngiui hang can hdi
va Id chirc lugng gia khdng chi nham muc
dich nhiin djnh thuc trang va dilu chinh boat
ddng hgc ciia trd ma cdn ddng thdi nhan djnh thuc trang va dieu chinh boat dgng day cua thay Tu danh gia dimg va dieu chinh hoat ddng kjp thai la nang lire rat can cho sir thanh dat trong cugc sdng ma nha trudng phai trang
bi cho hgc sinh
Vdi sir trg giiip ciia cac thiet bi phan cirng va cac cdng cu phan mem, viec kiem tra danh gia ket qua hgc tap thdng qua he thdng ngan hang can hoi se khdng cdn la mot cdng viec nang nhgc va khd khan, ma ngirgc lai trd thanh mot hoat dgng kich thich niem say me, khuyen khich va giiip ngudi hgc them tu tin vao each tu duy va cac lap luan ciia minh
cung cap nhieu thdng tin kip thdi hon de thay linh boat dieu chinh hoat ddng day chi dao hoat ddng hgc
Chinh vi vay, mot hirdng nghien ciru, irng dung phd bien la sd hda va xay dung ngan hang can hoi va cac phan mem trac nghiem khach quan, su dung de td chirc thi va lugng gia trong cac phdng may thi true tiiyen qua mang LAN va mang Internet Cd the ke ra mot sd phan mem phd bien hien nay nhu;
Item bank Mr test Violet, hay mdi day nh^t
la phan mem soan thao cau hdi trie nghiem Testonline client, mot cdng cu kha don gian nhung dugc rat nhieu thay cd giao su dung va danh gia cao
Cac PTN ao va thuc hanh md phong: vdi xu hudng su dung nhfrng cdng nghe tien tiln trong dao tao hien nay de nang cao chat lugng giao due ngay cang cd nhfrng san phdm cdng nghe cao dap irng nhu cSu dd ra ddi VLab -Virtual laboratory, la vi du ve phdng thuc hanh
ao ma d dd cd the td chirc thuc hanh va lira chgn cac ung dung nhu trong mot phdng ihirc hanh day dii NhiTng bai tap thuc hanh ludn dem lai hirng thii cho ngudi hgc no gdp phan cung cd nhfrng ly thuy It da dugc giang day
Nhfrng phan tich tren cho phep tac gia dua ra
mot thuat ngfr san pham mdi: " Tdi lieu dien
tu day hgc" Cimg vdi 1 qua trinh td chirc day - hgc mdi thi san phdm nay gdp phan
hinh thanh mot Cdng nghe day hgc hien dai,
cd xu hirdng thay thi mot each xirng dang cho cdng nghe day hgc truyen thong :
Trang 4Niiuven Minh Tan Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73(11): 18-24 Till NGHIEM V A T L Y
Trong CNDH mdn Vat ly, vice td chirc thi
nghiem, thuc hanh la mot trong nhfrng bien
pbiip vd cimg quan trgng nham nang cao chat
lugng day va hgc, gdp phan tich cue hoa hoat
ddng nhan thuc ciia hgc sinh Thdng qua thi
nghiem cd the tao ra nhfrng tac ddng cd chii
dinh cd he thdng cua con ngudi vao cac ddi
tugng ciia hien thuc khach quan qua dd hgc
sinh cd the thu nhan dircTC tri thirc mdi giiip
hgc sinh ren luyen kT nang kT xao ciing cd
niem tin khoa hgc nham hinh thanh the gidi
quan duy vat bien chimg
Vai trd ciia thi nghiem vat ly
+ Thi nghiem gdp phan vao viec phat trien
loan dien hgc sinh Thdng qua tien hanh thi
nghiem, hgc sinh hieu dirge ban chat ciia cac
hien tugng, djnh luat qua Irinh vat ly kha
nang van dung kien thirc vao thuc tien Thi
nghiem tao mdi trudng va co' hdi de hgc sinh
quan sat va dua ra nhfrng dir doan, nhfrng y
tudng mdi nhir dd boat ddng nhan Ihirc cua
HS se dugc tich cue va tu duy ciia cac em se
dugc phat trien
+ Thi nghiem gdp phan quan trgng va la dieu
kien de cac em ren luyen va hinh thanh nhfrng
pham chat ciia nguiTi lao ddng mdi nbir dire
tinh can thiin kit;n tri trung thuc kich thich
hirng llui hgc Uip tinh td md ham hicu biet
khuyen khich cac em lich cue va sang tao hon
trong qua trinh nhiin thirc khoi dav nhu can
kham pha nhfrng cai incii nhfrng dieu bi an va
cao hon la hinh thanh nen nhfrng y tudng mdi
•+• Thi nghiem vat ly la phuong tien td chirc
cac hinh thirc lam vice dgc lap hoac tap the
qua dd bdi dirdng cac pham chat dao dire ciia
hgc sinh phat buy vai trd ca nhan hoac tinh
cdng ddng trach nhiem trong cdng viec gdp
phan lam don gian hoa cac hien tugng va qua
trinh vat li lao true quan sinh ddng hd trg
cho tu diiv trim lugng giiip cho hgc sinh lu
duy trc-n nhfrng ddi lugng cii the nhfrng hien
tugng va qua trinh dang dien ra trudc mat hg
+ Thi nghiem vat ly gdp phan lam ndi bat
nhfrng khia canh can nghien ciru cua tirng
hien lugng vii qua trinh giiip hgc sinh de
quan sat, de theo ddi va de tiep ihu bai bdi vi,
cac hien tugng Irong tu nhien xay ra vd ciing
da dang, phirc lap dan xcn vdi nhau, do dd
khdng the cimg mot liic phan biet nhfrng linh chat dac trung ciia tirng hien tugng rieng le cfing nhu khdng thi cimg mot liic phan biet dugc anh hudng ciia tinh chat nay len tinh chat khac neu khdng cd sir hd trg ciia cac thi nghiem vat ly
Chirc ndng ciia thi nghiem trong day lioc vat ly + Thi nghiem vat ly la phuong tien ciia hoat
ddng nhan thirc mot cdng cu phan tich hien thuc khach quan giiip hgc sinh thu nhan tri thirc
vl doi tugng tra ldi dugc cac cau hdi ve hien tugng xay ra cua ddi tugng Vi du: thi nghiem
ve sir khuvleh tan cua chat long qua mang ban tham da giiip hgc sinh hieu rd ban chat hien tugng tham tbau thay rd sir phu tbiidc ciia hien lugng nay vao sir chcnh lech ndng do chat hda tan tir dd tir hinh thanh khai niem mdi (Ap suat tham than)
-t- Thi nghiem vat ly la phuong tien kiem tra tinh dimg dan cua nhfrng tri thirc, la "hon da thu vang"', ndi each khac, TNVL cd chirc nang kiem tra linh dimg dan cua Iri thirc, kiem chimg cac suv luan va kien thirc ma cac em thu nhan dugc
+ Thi nghiem vat ly dugc su dung vdi tu each
la phuong tien thii nghiem cho vice van dung tri thirc vao thuc lien, ddng vai trd rat kin trong
V iec lich cue hda boat ddng nhan thirc khdng
nhfrng a gdc do cung cap kien thirc, ren luyen
ky nang, thao tac, ma cdn giiip eiing cd va viin dung kicMi thirc mot each vfrng chae
+ Thi nghiem viil li la phuong thirc hfru hieu giiip xoa bo dan Idi hgc vet li thuyet khdng gan vdi thuc te Cac kien thuc vat ly dugc giang day tren Idp can phai dugc khac sau trong tiem thirc ciia hgc sinh thdng qua vice cung cd va van dung kien thirc da hgc vao ihirc le cugc sdng, van de nay se dugc thuc hien lot neu chiing la biet tan dung cac thi nghiem trong hoat ddng day va hgc
PHUONG TIEN DAY HOC Phuong tien day hgc la dieu kien khdng the thieu trong ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc theo luicVng lich cue hda boat ddng ciia hgc sinh PTDH cd the bao gdm ca nhfrng phuong tien hd trg vice truyen thu kien thirc va nhfrna thiet bj thi nghiem va thuc hanh
21
Trang 5Nham thuc hien lot vai trd chirc nang ke tren
PfDll can dam bao tinh ddng bg he thdng
va phii hci'p trinh do nang lire va dieu kien
thuc te nhfrng phuong tien thiet bi dat tien
CO the thiet ke to chirc sir dung chung cho
nhieu bai nhieu bd mdn de cd the dugc su
dung, khai thac cd bieu qua nhat
Cac loai PTDLI thirdng bao gdm:
+ i^hinfiig tien true quan truyen thong, phd
bien la cac v at lliat trong do\ sdng v a ki thuat
cac thiet bi thi nghiem cac md hinh vat chat,
bang, tranh anh cac tai lieu in nhu sach giao
khoa sach bai tap cac tai lieu tham khao
^ Phirong lien nghe nhin cd the chia thanh
hai nhdm: nhdm mang thdng tin va nhdm
chuyen lai thdng tin
- Nhdm mang thdng tin: phim hgc lap (piiim
den chieu; phim nhua; phim truven hinh )
cac bang binh dia quang bang casette cac
phan mem dav hgc giav bong trong da cd
ndi dung
- Nhdm chuyen tai thdng tin nhu: mav v i tinh
miiy chieu qua dau miiv chieu da chirc nang
den chieu slide fV dau Video, dau dia va
dTa quang mav cassette, may chilu phim
camera
- Cdc phuong lien xir iv thdng tin: phd biln
va dien hinh nhin lii cac may vi tinh vdi tu
each la mot PTDH hien dai may vi tinh cd
the tao ra cac md hinh md phong va minh hga
linh hoac dgng vdi chat lugng cao cac van
ddng tiuin theo cac quy luat khach quan cua
hien tugng mil ngudi lap trinh da dua vao
lam tang tinh true quan trong dav hgc tana
hirng thii hgc tiip Mav v i tinh cd kha nang ta1
hien nhfrng nhfrng tinh huong nhfrng hien
lugng xay ra cue nhanh hoac cue chiim
Mav vi imh co the giiip chuong trinh hoii
khdng clii ndi dung tri thirc ma ca phuonu
thirc tiep can kien thirc dieu khien qua trinh
dav vii hgc giam thieu thdi gian cho viec bieu
dien the hicn thdng tin trong gid len Idp
ddng thdi cho phep thay giao cd the cunu co
nil kinh nghiem chmh sua bd sung bai uianu
tluriing xiivcii
- Miung chirong trinh phdn mem ling dnno
(tnic nghiem do vui ) lam phong plui them
cac hinh ilurc kicm tra danh gia kit qua hgc
l:ip the hien id linh cdng khai cdim haim
khach quan kcl i|iia kiem tra danh gia dugc
luu lai trong cac tcp sd lieu, gnip thay giao co the so sanh nhan xet qua trinh hgc tap mot each nhanh chdng chinh xac
SU DUNG PHOI HOP THI NGHIEM VCJI
C A c PHUONG TIEN DAY HOC Viec sir dung phdi hgp thi nghiem vdi cac phuong tien day hc)c hien dai la xu the tat veu trong V iec ddi mtii PPDH
Thi nghiem vat ly va cac phuong tien day hgc hien dai cd mot vai trd het sire quan trgng va
cd tac dung rat Idn Tuy vay trong cac trudng phd thdng hien nay thi nghiem vat ly van chua cd mot v j tri xirng dang va cbira thuc sir phat buy bieu qua Nguyen nhan mot phan la
do sir thieu thdn ve ca sd vat chat va thilt bj thi nghiem mat khac do hau het cac bai thi nghiem chua dugc dua vao trong kiem tra danh gia ket qua hgc tap ciia hgc sinh do do
da anh huong den thai do cua ca ngudi day vii ngirdi hgc ddi vcVi viec sir dung thi nghiem trong day va hgc vat ly
Su dung thi nghiem vii cac phuong lien day hgc hien dai trong v iec day hc)c viil Iv la mot
V iec lam khdng the thieu trong cdng cugc doi mdi pbirang phap day hgc hien nay Su dung
V a phdi hgp hgp ly se de dang gay dugc cam hirng va sir chii y cua hgc sinh tiet kiem thdi gian va giam dang ke khdi lugng cdng viec cho giao V ien trong khau chuan bj bai giang d nha Cling nhu trong gid len Idp nit ngcin thdi gian Ihih hgi kien thirc cua hgc sinh, gdp phdn hinh thanh ki nang, kT xao va thdi quen tu duy khoa hgc cua hgc sinh trong hgc tiip vat ly
De lam ndi bat vai trd cua thi nghiem va tinh bieu qua cua nd trong day hgc vat ly, cac phuong tien nghe nhin nhu tranh ve, anh chiip, phim den chieu phim nbira phim video, mo hinh can dugc su dung kit hgp vdi thi
nghiem chiing khdng chi lao nen linh true
quan cao ma cdn dam bao do an loan cho mot
sd thi nghiem nhal la cac thi nghiem dat tiln, thieu an loan hoac qua cong kinh khdng thi thirc hien dugc trong dieu kien cua nbii trudng
Cd nhfrng qua trinh vai ly xay ra qua nhanh la khdng the quan sal true lilp bang mat thirdng kii cd nhfrng qua Irinh xay ra rat cham ma chi irong mdi tiet hgc khdng du thai gian de quan sat hoan loan cd the md phong cac qua trinh
Trang 6Nguyen Minh Tan Tap chi KI lOA HOC & CONG NGHE 73(11): l i
dd bang mav v i linh phdi hgp cac phuong tien
true quan phuong tien nghe nhin de dat hieu
qua cao
Dac biet cac bai thi nghiem cd sir trg giiip
ciia may vi tinh dugc thuc hien mot each
nhanh chdng vdi do chinh xac cao; cac sd
lieu thuc nghiem dugc xir ly, danh gia va
trinh bay dudi dang bang bieu, dd thj hay
cac tep sd lieu, cd the luu tru' tren cac thiet
bj nhd ngoai
May vi tinh la cdng cu de hien thuc hda xu
hudng tin hgc hda hgc dudng, phat trien va
irng dung cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) trong
viec ddi mdi loan dien boat ddng day va hgc
trong dd cd the chi ra mot sd hirdng irng dung
chinh nhu sau;
- Xay dung cac bai giang va giao trinh dien tir
vdi rat nhieu chirc nang tien ich Bai giang va
giao trinh dien tir cac mdn hgc, tbuiing gan
lien vdi he thdng multimedia, cac phdng Lab
chuyen dung hoac phdng hgc da nang cd the
vira sir dung lam giang dudng vira lam phdng
hdi thao, thao luan nhdm
- Xay dung va sir diing cac phan mem irng
dung nham xir ly sd lieu cho cac mdn hgc
chuyen nganh hay trong nghit-n ciru khoa hgc
thiet ke va tinh loan phuc v u cho v iec day hgc
cac chuyen nganh ky thuiit
- Sd hda va xay dung ngan hang cau hoi va
cac phan mem trac nghiem khach quan sir
dung di; id chirc thi va lugng gia trong cac
phdng may, thi true luyen qua mang LAN va
mang Internet
- Cac phan mem md phdng va cac phdng thi
nghiem ao nhfrng trang Web hgc tap thu
vien dien tir hay trung Uiin hgc lieu la
nhfrng phuong tien day hgc hfru dung va hap
dim ddi vdi hgc sinh v a giiio v ien cho phep td
chirc cac hoat ddng day va hgc linh boat nhu
hgc tap tir xa hgc qua mang tao cac forum
hdi thao nhdm gifra giao vien vdi hgc sinh
gifra cac ihanh v ien cimg Idp v a ben ngoai Idp
hgc tham chi qudc gia va qudc te
- Khi ket hgp may vi linh vdi v ideo camera,
cd the lao nen mot he thdng phuong tien nghe
nhin hien dai va lo ra hfru hieu trong day hgc
Viil ly Ngoai ra may vi linh dugc ghep ndi
vdi cac ihiel bj do bd chuyen ddi tuong lu sd
bd khtivech dai thi ciic kcl qua llui dugc
Irong qua trinh thi nghiem se dugc xir li va hien thj cung cd the luu trfr hoac in ra giay
KET L U A N
Thi nghiem vat ly la ngudn cung cap thdng tin chinh xac de hieu ve cac su vat va hien lugng la phuong tien tdt de kiem tra linh dimg dan ciia cac kien thirc la phirong tien ren luyen sir kheo leo, ky nang thuc hanh cho hgc sinh, gdp phan danh gia nang lire
va phat trien kha nang tu duy giiip cimg cd
va viin dung kien thirc mot each vung chae tao ra su hirng thii tich cue tu lap trong hgc tap ciia hgc sinh
De thi nghiem viit ly phat huv dav du chirc nang ciia nd viec tien hanh thi nghiem phai luan theo mot sd veu cau chung ve mat kT thuat va phuong phap day hgc, theo do, viec xac djnh rd Idgic cua tien trinh day hoc, coi
V iec sir dung thi nghiem nhir mot bd phan hfru CO' ciia qua trinh day hgc nham giai quyet mot nhiem vu cu the trong lien trinh nhan thirc la het sire quan trgng
Ciing vdi cac thiet bj thi nghiem, viec sir dung ciic phuong lien day hgc la het sire can thiet, nbiu la trong giai doan hien nay, khi khoa hgc
ki thuat phiit trien thi v iec tang ciriing su dung cac phuong lien hien dai la mot hudng di dimg dan nham nang cao chat lugng day va hgc o' truiing phd thdng
Su dung phdi hgp thi nghiem vdi cac phuong lien day hgc Iren cac binh dien khac nhau ciia hoat ddng nhan thirc d cac khau ciia qua trinh day hgc la incil vice lam can thiet nen gan
V ice su dung cac phuong tien day hoc vdi cac boat ddng tri tue - thuc lien, da dang ve mat CO' hgc am hgc quang hgc vdi mdi tuo'ng quan phii hgp trong qua trinh thu nhan va che bien thdng tin kich thich sir tranh luan lich cue cua hgc sinh vdi cac ddi tugng nhan thirc
Su dung phdi hgp thi nghiem vat ly va cac phuang tien day hgc gdp phan lam sang to tinh bien chirng gifra cai chung va cai rieng cai gidng nhau va cai khac nhau cua cac hien tugng hay cac qua trinh viil ly, gdp phan lam tang linh chinh xac va tinh he thong ciia cac kien thirc nham dat dugc muc lieu cua lima bai lirna chiroim va ca mdn hoc
23
Trang 7Tana cirdng su diing phdi hgp thi nghiem vat
ly va cac pbuo'iig tien bien dai trong day hgc
viit ly la nuit trong nhfrng nhiem vu quan
trgng mang tinh chien luge lau dai Chii trgng
viec phoi hgp su dung thi nghiem vdi cac
phuong tien bien dai se lam cho viec day va
hgc mdn vat ly trd nen hao hirng ldi cudn hap
dan tir dd thirc su nang cao chat lugng bieu
qua ciia viec day va hgc mdn vat ly trong cac
nha trudng phd thdng ciia chimg ta hien nay
T A I L I E U THAM K H A O
[1] Nguyen Van Khai (Chii bien) (2008)
Li ludn day hgc veil li d trudng phd thdng:
Nxb Giao due
[2] Nguyin Dire Tham (Chu bien) (2002);
Phuong phdp day hgc vdt ly a trudng phd
thdng: Nxb Dai hgc Su pham- Ha Ndi
[3] Pham Hfru Tdng (2005); Li ludn day hgc vdt li 1: Nxb Dai hgc Su pham - Ha Ndi [4] Td Van Binh (1999); Phmmg tien day hgc vd thi nghiem trong day hgc vdt ly a trumigphd thdng: Nxb Giao due
[5] Thai Duy Tuyen (2008): Phmmg phdp day hgc- Trin-en thong vd ddi mdi: Nxb Giao due
[6] Nguyen Canh Toan (Chu bien)(1998);
Qud trinh day- tu hgc: Nxb Giao due
[7] Thi nghiem thuc hanh ao - irng dung trong day hgc ky thuat cdng nghiep Idp 12 THPT Luan an f S GDH -Le Hiiy Hoang [8] Mot sd tu lieu, bai viet tren cac dien dan
va website;
[9] tailieu.vn; Dayhgclntel.net;
vvvvvv.giaovien.net, tusach.thuvienkhoahoc.com vvvvvv.ntu.edu.vn
SUMMARY
SOME PROBLEMS USING COORDINATE PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS AND OTHER TEACHING FACILITIES FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF MODERN TEACHING TECHNOLOGIES
Nguyen Minh Tan* - Thai S'guyen University
Applving the perspective of a modern theoretical and teaching methods, the article presents an overview of some new concepts and perceptions of teaching facilities and learning technologies, the nature and role of of experiments in cognitive performance and skill of students, article also presents some general principles in the design and use of teaching facilities and laborator>' equipment to support radical activities for teachers and students on many aspects: extraction and distribution academic content area, methodology, methods and techniques of teaching, assessment, organization, class management
The article also updates and share some practical experiences of educators related to the coordination and use of laboratorv facilities with modern teaching aids in teaching physics to stimulate inspiration interesting, encouraging creative dynamism, save time and reduce effort for teachers in preparing lessons at home as well as during class, and improve comprehension of student knowledge, contribute to formation of skills and habits of scientific thinking, and positive self-learning activities of students
Key words: technology teaching, physics experiments, teaching facilities, skills practice, test
simulation, virtual practice
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