Phân tích không gian phân vùng tuyển sinh các trường THPT tỉnh thái nguyên trên cơ sở tiếp cận hệ thống thông tin địa lý (GIS)

Tran Viet Khanh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 78(02) 67 71 PHAN TICH KHONG GIAN PHAN VUNG TUYEN SINH CAC TRl/CJNG THPT TINH THAI NGUYEN TREN CO SO TIEP CAN HE THONG THONG TIN DIA LI (GIS) TrSn VI[.]

Tran Viet Khanh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 78(02): 67-71

PHAN TICH K H O N G GIAN PHAN VUNG T U Y E N SINH

CAC TRl/CJNG T H P T T I N H THAI N G U Y E N TREN CO S O

TIEP CAN H E T H O N G T H O N G TIN DIA LI (GIS)

TrSn VIgt Khanh'*, Le Minh Hai^

Dgi hoc Thdi Nguyen, Trudng THPT Khanh Hod, Thdi Nguyen

TOM TAT

Trong cau true cua he thong thong tin dia li (GIS), ngoai cac thanh phan nhu: phan cirng, phan

mem, ca so dir lieu, yeu to con nguoi thi phuong phap tiep can (approaches) hay eac phuong phap

phan tich khong gian se quyet dinh hieu qua img dung ciia GIS Phuong phap phan tich khong gian

mang tinh vira mang tinh dac thu chuyen nganh vira mang tinh dia li va ca yeu to kinh nghiem Bai

bao giai thieu mot so phuong phap phan tich khong gian tren ca sa img dung phan mem Mapinfo

trong nghien ciru phan vung tuyen sinh eho cae truong THPT cua tinh Thai Nguyen, tir do khuyen

nghi u-ng dung mo hinh nghien euu tuang tir trong nghien cim dia li va trong nghien ciru cua cac

chuyen nganh khac

Til- khoa: Dia ll, thong tin dia li, GIS, phdn tich, phdn tich khong gian, Mapinfo

DAT VAN DE

Phan tich khong gian {spatial analysis) hay so

lieu thong ke khong gian {.spatial statistics)

bao gom cac ky thuat nghien cuu cac thuc the

trong khong gian tren co' so su- dung dtr lieu

topo, hinh hoc hay dia ly hoc Thuat ngu- phan

tich khong gian de cap den mpt loat cac ky

thuat, phuong phap tiep can khac nhau va ap

dung trong cac ITnh vuc nhu thien van hgc, vu

tru, do dac, quy hoach Cum tCi- thucrng dugc

su dung voi mot y nghTa gioi ban hon de mo

ta cac ky thuat ap dung cho trong viec phan

tich du lieu dia ly, tham chi doi khi dugc

diing de chi mot ky thuat cu the trong mot

nghien cuu cho mot khu vuc lanh tho cu the

Cac he GIS hien dai co nhieu phuong phap

phan tich hieu qua, trong do co hai huong

phan tich quan trgng dac biet la phan tich lien

ke va phan tich chong xep

Phan tich lien ke la cac phan tich theo chieu

ngang cua khong gian dia li co lien quan den

sir thay doi ve khoang each, thay doi vi tri cua

doi tugng dia li Phan tich lien ke thong

thuong con la phan tich chi ra su khac biet so

sanh giua cac d6i tugng hoac phan tich viing

dem Phan tich li^n ke chii yeu xu- li tren mot

lop ban d6

' Tel:09l2187ll8

Phan tich chong xep la sir dung mot so lop ban do de sinh ra thong tin moi va cac doi tugng moi Trong nhieu truong hgp, doi tugng dia li se dugc tao lai Phan tich chong xep kha ton thai gian va phu thugc vao nhom cac ung dung co tinh chat sau, khi he thong

dugc khai thac sir dung a muc do cao bon la

dugc sii- dung cho tirng viing cu the Phan tich chong xep la qua trinh tich hgp cac lap thong tin khac nhau Cac thao tac phan tich doi hoi mot hoac nhieu lop du- lieu phai dugc lien ket voi nhau

Cac phan tich khong gian la dac trung ca ban cua GIS Tren ca sa hieu cac chuc nang phan tich khong gian co the giiip chung ta dua ra nhieu huong nghien ciiu su phat trien va phan

bo cua cac hien tugng dja li khac nhau

Ung dung GIS trong phan tich su phat trien mang luai cac trtrang THPT tinh Thai Nguyen duai goc do tiep can GIS da mang lai hieu qua nhat dinh

KET QUA NGHIEN CUU VA THAO LUAN

Cong tac tuyen sinh la mot cong viec thuang xuyen ctia cac truang THPT Hien nay viec phan viing tuyen sinh a Thai Nguyen dugc phan theo cap huyen Doi vai cac huyen (thanh pho, thj xa) co nhieu trtrang THPT thi dja ban tuyen do UBND cap huyen quy dinh

TrSn Viet Khanh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 78(02): 67-71 D6i voi cac truong giap ranh cac hu\-en co the

tu\en a dja ban lan can gitra cac huyen

Qua khao sat thuc te \ a qu\ trinh tuyen sinh

dau vao ciia cac truang THPT tren dai ban

tinh Thai Nguyen co the thay rang, cac

truang THPT tren dia ban chua co vung

tuyen sinh ro rang

Khu vuc thanh pho Thai Ngu\-en voi 11

truong ngoai truang THPT Chuyen Dan tgc

npi tru tinh cac truang co lich si.- phat trien

va dugc dau tu tir lau nhu cac truang THPT

Luong Nggc Quyen, Gang Thep Chu Van

An da CO sire hiit manh chat lugng dau vao

cao, truang con lai du co dieu kien ca sa vat

chat day du song so lugng va chat lugng hgc

sinh thap hon nhu truong THPT Ngo Quyen,

Duong Tu Minh Khu vuc cac huyen tinh

trang cung tirong tu Hgc sinh gan trirong ma

khong hgc tai truong ma lai di hgc truang xa

hon Do la tinh trang cua cac truong moi

thanh lap, dii co dieu kien xay dung moi,

song hgc sinh dang ky hgc lai it nen phai

nhan lai ho sa cua cac truong khac Cac

huyen nhu Dai Tii- Phii Luong hien nay van

con tinh trang hgc sinh phai di chuyen den

truong vai khoang each toi 15km, nhieu hgc

sinh phai a trg

Nguyen nhan chinh ciia tinh trang tren la cac

cap quan li thieu mot cong cu hoach dinh

viing tuven sinh dan den tuyen sinh tu phat

Hau het cac huven khong dua ra mot phuong

an phan viing dii la phuong an dinh tinh

Sire hut tuyen sinh ciia cac truang THPT co

be dav lich sir phat trien nga\ cang \'Uon xa

theo cac true giao thong Su phat trien nhanh

cua mang luai giao thong cong cong dac biet

la mang luai xe buyt da rut ngan khoang each

\ a thai gian di chuyen den truong ciia hgc

sinh da lam nay sinh xu huong hgc sinh chap

nhan di hgc truong xa

Hau qua dan den nhieu truong khong dii chi

tieu tuv'en sinh va phai xet tuyen lai nhfrng

hgc sinh bj loai cua truong khac, trong khi do,

nhieu hgc sinh a khu vuc cac hu\-en co xu

huong thi tuven sinh tai cac truang a thanh

pho Dieu nay da pha va khong gian tuyen

sinh cua cac truang dan den mat can bang

quy mo va chat lugng dau vao giua cac

truong mat cong bang giira so hgc sinh bi loai giOa cac truang

D I tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho nguai hgc va thuan Igi cho cac nha truang co dau vao tuong d6i on dinh chung toi ap dung thtr mo hinh phan viing tuyen sinh voi yeu cau sinh thoa man mot sa dieu kien sau:

- So hgc sinh du tuyen phii hgp voi nang luc tuygn sinh moi lop 10 ciia tirng truang

- Hgc sinh du tuyen theo vimg tuyen gom cac

xa phuong sao cho thuan tien ve giao thong,

cu li hgp ly khi di den truong, khong bj chi cat boi dia hinh

- Cac truong THPT a trong viing giap ranh giira cac huyen tuyen sinh thugc cac dja ban lan can

Do dac thii chung ciia cac truang chuyen biet nhu THPT Chuyen, Noi trii tinh tuyen tren pham vi toan tinh va chii truang cac truong ngoai cong lap chii yeu tuyen sinh nguyen vgng 2 ciia cac thi sinh nen viec phan viing se khgng xet toi dien tuyen sinh cua cac truang nay

De dap ung cac dieu kien tren, can xac dinh:

- Nang lire tuyen sinh cua cac truang tren co

sa chi tieu tuyen cua tung truong xem dap ung bao nhieu % tong chi tieu toan tinh

- Cac truong thugc viing giap ranh la nhung truong nao

Ung dung phan mem Mapinfo, diing phuong phap phan tich Redistricts de sap xep cac doi tugng do hoa tren ban do thanh cac viing khac nhau Khi thuc hien chgn nhom cac doi tugng

do hoa thanh cac viing theo mot tieu chi dir lieu, phan mem se tu dgng tinh toan tong dfr lieu hoac % du- lieu cho cac viing do nguoi diing tao ra Khi them bot doi tugng do hga trong viing thi so lieu tong hoac so lieu % se tha\' doi theo Moi vimg dugc tao ra se tu dgng CO mau nen de de phan biet

Ap dung cu the trong phan vung tuyen sinh la chgn cac doi tugng vimg (cac xa) tren ban do thanh cac viing tuyen sinh cho moi trirang THPT dua tren so hgc sinh lop 9 cua tiing xa trong viing tuyen Phan mem tu dgng tinh tong va % so hgc sinh lop 9 du tuyen trong viina tuven sinh DO lieu ciia mdi viing tuven

68

Tran Viet Khanh va ( Tap chi KHOA HOC <fe CONG NGHE 78(02): 67-71 sinh CO gia tri tuang ung voi nang luc dao tao

cua truang THPT do

Theo mo hinh phan tich nhu binh 1, cac buoc

tien hanh cu the nhu sau:

Mo dong thai cac lop ban do nhu: Lop hanh

chinh tinh (TNTinh.TAB); lop hanh chinh

huyen (TNHuyen.TAB); lop hanh chinh xa

(TNXa.TAB); lop dia hinh

(TN_Diahinhtopo.TAB); lap giao thong

(TNGiaothong.TAB); lop diem truong

(TNTHPT.TAB)

Buo'c 1: Xac djnh nang luc tuyen sinh ciia cac

truang THPT

Buac nay su dung lien ket CSDL tii- 2 lop:

- Lop TNTinh.TAB: sii- dung dQ- lieu tong

chi tieu toan tinb dugc cap nhat a Field

tongchitieutinh

- Lop T N T H P T : co CSDL cua Field chitieuts co dQ- lieu chi tieu tiing truang Tinh nang luc tuyen sinh tiing truang:

Ma Browser bang cua lap T N T H P T Them trong cau triic bang mot Field voi ten: Nanglucts Tinh nang lire tuyen sinh bang lenh Update Column voi gia tri cua cot la % trong chi tieu toan tinb, bam su' dung la: (chitieuts)xlOO/( tongchitieutinh)

Bu'o'c 2: Tao Field Tbitaitruong cho lap

T N X a T A B Muc dich ciia viec Field Tbitaitruong nham tra lai cau boi: Xa nao cung mot vung tuyen sinh? Field Tbitaitruong la co' so phan vimg

va se dugc phan mem tu dgng gan diT lieu khi phan vung

Chorgxep iSp (li/*r)

Diem tiijmig

TN_THPI.TAB y^

L i m l t ^ ds^ rihii diilisufli.i.ri: tiih dio iiii: cot (Fiell)

• T e n t r u o i i c f • C h i t i e - u '

Giao tb:iiig

TN_Gii*flic.ng.Tx\B

Hanli climh c%) vii

TN Xa.TAB

3ia Wiih topo

TN_Hiijai.Tj\B y '

3ia Mull tcipo ^

TN_DialunJiiopaTAB/'^

j ^

HIaiiickiiilitiiih

TN linh-IAB

y

^ G h i t i J i i t G a h t i n i i • 111

I N a n g l u c t s

H £ I q p ; 3 ; T h i t a i t r u o n g

*-PI(aiTrmg-lir/9-i fii-i-flneo Wroitnji: -Jk (Esdiitncs)

JdJ_

District} Browier

(+)

^ " e h t r u d i - c f • FlU P c t ( H S l o p 9 ) '

B i n dS p k a n vTing hiy^n 5inli

Chu thich:

Bien dpc lip (bien Ski vao) va ten Field

tirong liii^

T e n t r u o n g : T e n tnrcmg T H P T

C h i t i eu: Chi tieu tuyen izui tiing buiing

H 3 l o p 9 : So HS lop 9 o cic xa

I Bien plui tlnioc (bien ket qiji) klii phan vung va t e n

Field tijTJng ixng

N a n c r l u c t s : Hang Yxc tiiy en 5inli (%)

T h i t a i t i T J o n g : Bien tij dong phiin x a t l i e j '.^ing tiiyen

p c t ( H 3 1 op SI) : Bien tu- dSng tinli t y le HS dij tiiyen tlieo viing tuyen

Hinh 1 Mo hinh phan viing tuyen sinh bang lenh Redistricts

Tran Viet Khanh vd cs Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 78(02): 67-71 Buo'c 3: Tien hanh phan vimg bang lenh

Redistricts

Chgn lenh: Windo\v\Nevv Redistricts

Window Xuat hien cira so, thuc hien khai

bao hinh 2

New lte««rjfitj»liidin«

Souicelable jTN_Xa

Distiict Field: [Thilailiuong

Available Fields:

PctiCode_commur>es)

Sum[Dansol

Pct(Dansol

Sum(Dientrch)

PctlDientich]

Calctilale Percentage based

'•"' Column Total

Helds lo

Browse-Hinh 2 Khai bao lenh phan viing

Buo'c 4: Phan viing tuyen sinh cho cac

truong

Chgn RedistrictVAdd district de nhap ten

truong can tao vimg tuyen sinh

Nhap ten truang VD: Dinh Hoa

Dung cong cu Select, giu- phim Shift va chgn

lan lugt cac xa tren ban do, quan sat su thay

doi so lieu a cot Pct(Hslop9) Khi so lieu dat

so vai chi tieu nang luc tuyen sinh, du-ng chgn

them xa, chgn Redistrict\Assign Selected

Objects de tao vimg Vimg dugc thiet lap va

CO mau sac rieng

Tien hanh thao tac tuong tu cho cac diem

trirong con lai Cac viing tuyen sinh dugc

thiet lap va the hien nhu hinh 3

D^ dam bao yeu cau thuan tien ye giao thong

di lai cho hgc sinh va co tinh den su chia cat dia hinh, khi chgn cac xa thanh mot viing can luu y chgn cac xa bam trong ciing mot viing tuyen sinh bam theo true giao thong va khong

bi each tra do dia hinh

Ket qua sau khi hieu chinh mau sac va chii giai, dugc ban do phan viing dugc the hien nhu hinh 4

KET LUAN

Viec phan viing tuyen sinh dua tren ca sa tiep can ling dun§ he thong thong tin dja li (GIS)

da giai quyet dugc mot bai toan thuc te Phuong phap phan vung tuyen sinh da dua tren co' sa dinh lugng dau vao ciia cac truong

CO tinh den su tac dgng cua cac yeu to dja li khac Phuong phap phan tich khong gian trong vi du phan \ iing tuyen sinh la ca sa de cac nha quan li giao due can cii de ung dung trong quy hoach mang luai diem truong hgc

va da phan nao khang djnh nhung iing dung manh me cua GIS trong viec giai cac bai toan trong thuc te

Phuong phap phan viing tren ca sa phan tich khong gian co huong iing dung rong rai trong nhieu ITnh vuc nhu: nghien ciiu thj truong de bo tri cac diem sieu thj, chgn dia diem dat cira hang, du bag siic chiia ciia viing, bg tri cac diem quan trac, phan khu quan li rung Ket qua nghien ciru phuong phap phan vung tren ca so tiep can GIS bang phan mem Mapinfo can dugc sir dung trong cac phan tich cua dia li hgc

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" * * Vung tuyen cac truong thuoc TP

Cuont So xa thuoc vung

Sum(Hslop9) So HS d u ti.r/en

Pct(Hslop3): Co cau HS an tuyen

(% HS lop 9 ca tinh)

Pct(Dientich) Co cau dien ti'ch vung tuyen

(% aien tich tinh)

Hinh 4 Ban do phan viing tuyen sinh cua cac truong THPT tinh Thai Nguyen

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

[I] Nguyin Dire Binh (2006), Hicdng ddn sir dung

Mapinfo Professional 7.5, Dai hgc nong lam TP

H6 Chi Minh

[2] TrSn Viit Khanh (2008), Ung dung tin hoe

trong nghien cm vd day hoc dja 11, NXB Giao

due Ha Noi

[3] Huynh Le Khoa (2005), Lien kh mo hinh, he

thong tin dia li vd co so dir lieu de dng dung irong

cong tdc qudn li tdi nguyen nude dual ddt Sa Tai

Nguyen va Moi truong TP Ho Ghi Minh

[4] Le Van Trung, ThS Nguyen Van Hiep

(2009), Ung dung he thong thong tin dia li (GIS)

trong phdn tich thong tin thi trudng Dac san Vien

tham va Dia tin hoc Trung tam Vien tham quoc gia, Bg Tai Nguyen va Moi truang

[5] Sa Giao due va dao tao Thai Nguyen, Bdo cdo long ket vd plnrong huong nhiem vu cdc ndm hoc 2005-2009, Quy hogch mgng ludi cdc truong hoc glal doan 2005-2010 Thai Nguyen

Tai lieu tieng Anh tii- internet:

[6] YokoMakino Seisuke Watanabe (2002), The application of GIS to the school mapping In Bangkok

http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application

SUMMARY

SPATIAL A N A L Y S I S M E T H O D S R E G I O N A L D I S T R I B U T I O N

OF S C H O O L E N R O L L M E N T High THAI N G U Y E N B A S E D A C C E S S

G E O G R A P H I C I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M (GIS)

Tran Viet Khanh'*, Le Minh Hai ^

'Thai Nguyen University 'Khanh Hoa High School Thai Nguyen

In the structure of geographical information systems (GIS) external components such as hardware, software, databases, human factors, the approach (approaches) or the method of analysis does not

time will determine the effectiveness of GIS applications Spatial analysis methods nature has

brought major characteristics have both geographical factors and experience This paper presents a method of spatial analysis based on Mapinfo software applications in the partition study enrollment for high schools in the province of Thai Nguyen, which recommended the application model similar studies in the research geographical research and study of other subjects

Keywords: Geography, Information, GIS, Spatial analysis, Mapinfo

Tel: 0912187118