Vu Xuan Hiing va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03) 99 103 THI/C TAP SÛ PHAM VA THI/C TRANG NANG LlTC SÛ PHAM CUA DOI NGU GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE Vu Xuan Hiing''''*, Truo''''ng Dai Diic^ Tdng cue Day nghe[.]
Trang 1Vu Xuan Hiing va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 99- 103
THI/C TAP SU^ PHAM VA THI/C TRANG NANG LlTC SU^ PHAM
CUA DOI NGU GIAO VIEN DAY NGHE
Vu Xuan Hiing'*, Truo'ng Dai Diic^
Tdng cue Day nghe 'Trudng Cao dang Kinh te Ky thuat - DH Thdi Nguyen
TOM TAT
Bai viet trinh bay nhirng nghien cuu ve anh hudng cua hoat ddng thuc tap su pham tdi nang luc su pham cua ddi ngu giao vien day nghe nhu nang lire day hgc, nang lire giao due, nang luc quan ly, td chirc boat ddng su pham Ben canh dd bai viet da cd nhung phan tich, danh gia lam rd thuc trang nang luc day hgc, nang lire giao due va nang lire quan ly, td chirc qua trinh day hgc cua dpi ngu giao vien day nghe de lam co sd de xuat giai phap nang cao chat lugng boat ddng thuc tap su pham tai cac trudng su pham ky thuat, nang cao nang lire su pham ciia ddi ngii giao vien day nghe Theo do, hudng tiep can dao tao theo nang lire thuc hien da dugc coi la giai phap hieu qua de nang cao chat lugng boat ddng thuc tap su pham, tu dd nang cao nang lire su pham ciia giao vien
Til' khda: Su phgm ky thudl; Ndng luc su phgm, Thuc tap 'iu phgm; Gldo vien dciy nghi;Ndng lite thue hien
Chien luge phat trien nguon nhan lire, nhat la
nguon nhan lire lao dgng ky thuat la mot
trong nhung yeu to quan trgng Irong phat
trien kinh te-xa hoi cda mgi qu6c gia, trong
do CO Viet Nam De dap ung yeu cau phat
trien ngu6n nhan luc, mgl trong nhQng nhiem
vu cap bach hien nay la phat trien dao lao
nghe noi chung, dgi ngQ giao vien day nghe
(GVDN) noi rieng
Trong thai gian qua, cdng vai viec phat trien
mang luai co sa day nghe, dgi ngu GVDN
cung dugc phat trien manh ca ve so lugng va
chat lugng, dong g6p quan trgng vao viec dao
tao ngu6n nhan lire cho su nghiep c6ng
nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa cda dat nuoc Tuy
nhien, thuc te cho thay nang luc noi chung,
nang luc su pham ky thuat cda dgi ngd
GVDN lot nghiep eac truang su pham ky
thuat noi rieng e6n nhieu bat cap Trong nhieu
nguyen nhan, co nguyen nhan sau xa tu viec
dao lao n6i chung, to chuc thuc tap su pham
(TTSP) noi rieng trong qua trinh dao tao
GVDN tai cac tru6ng su pham ky thuat
(SPKT) Do vay, thai gian tai day, ben canh
nhieu giai phap nang cao nang lire dgi ngu
GVDN d6i h6i phai tim ra dugc nhQng giai
phap ngay trong boat dgng dao lao, TTSP de
nang cao nang luc su pham cho sinh vien,
nguai GVDN tuang lai
' Tel; 098.375.2225; Email; hungvdln(d>gmail.com
A N H HU'ONG CUA T T S P T O I N A N G L U C
s u ' PHAM NGU'OI GVDN Dao lao su pham ky Ihual co the noi la boat dgng phirc tap nhat trong cac boat dgng dao lao su pham Doi tugng sinh vien trong cac truang su pham ky thuat la nhQng giao vien luong lai, nguai quyet djnh quan trgng chat lugng ngu6n nhan luc lao dgng ky Ihual true tiep cho qu6c gia Do vay, nhung yeu cau ve nang luc dat ra d6i voi nguai hgc trong qua trinh dao tao rat cao, hg vira c6 nang luc cda nha su pham, vua co nang lire cda nha chuyen m6n nghe nghiep va vua c6 nang luc cda nha hoat dgng xa hoi Nhung d6i h6i d6 da hinh thanh nen nang lire su pham ky thuat cda nguai GVDN (HI)
Nang lire chuyen mdn
Nang lye su' pham
Nang luc
xa hdi
Hinh 1 Md hinh cau true nang lire
su pham ky thuat
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Trang 2Vu Xuan Hiina va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 99- 103 Trong cac nang luc tren nang luc su pham
dirge coi la nang luc chuyen biet dac trung
cda nang luc su pham ky thuat Nang luc su
pham la t6 hgp nhung dac diem tam ly cda
nhan each nham dap irng cac >-eu cau cda boat
d6ng su pham va quvet djnb su thanh c6ng
cua hoat dgng sir pham Nang lire su pham
lira nhu la hinh chieu cua boat dpng su pham
Nang luc sir pham mpt mat dugc hinh thanh
va phat trien th6ng qua qua trinh dao tao tai
cac truang su pham ky thuat va mat khac la
th6ng qua giai doan TTSP
TTSP dugc coi la mot buac Irong quv trinh
ren luv'en nang luc su pham la giai doan
luyen tap nang cao 6 tren d6i tugng thuc
Thong qua giai doan na\ nguai hgc tien hanh
cdng c6 van dung kien thdc ly thuyet ren
luyen ky nang bang viec thuc hien mot each
tuong d6i dgc lap nhiem vu day hge, giao due
va cdng qua do binh thanh va phat trien nang
luc su pham cda nguai GVDN
Nang lire su pham dupe hinh thanh td nhieu
cac nang lire Tuy nhien trong d6 co mpt s6
nang lire d6ng vai tr6 chd yeu quyet djnb den
nang luc na\ d6 la: Nang luc dav hpc nang
luc giao due va nang lire quan ly l6 chdc boat
dpng su pham [3]
Nang luc day hpc (bao g6m ca da> ly thuyet
va thuc hanh nghe hoac da\- tich hop) la mot
nang lire t6ng hpp cua nhieu nang luc va la
nang luc quan trpng trong nang luc su pham
Trong mpt s6 truang hpp nguoi ta chi can
th6ng qua nang luc day hpc cung c6 the danh
gia dugc nang luc su pham cda nguai GVDN
Nang lire dav hgc dugc bieu hien qua cac
nang su pham nhu nang lire thiet ke day hgc
(soan giao an de cuong nghien cuu tai lieu
giang day chuan bj cac dieu kien bai bgc );
nang luc sd dung phuang phap day bgc (lira
chgn van dung pb6i hgp ): nang lire chuan
bj sd dung cac phuo-ng lien dav hpc; nang luc
giao tiep (sd dung ng6n ngu n6i viet ng6n
ngu binh the ); nang luc kiem tra danh gia
Ngoai ra nang lire day hpc c6n the hien
th6ng qua cac nang lire khac nua nhu nang
lire phan tich chuong trinh dao tao; nang
lire viet ve tren bang; nang luc dir gio rdi
kinh nghiem v.v
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Mpt trong nhung nhiem vu quan trpng cua ngtrai GVDN la hinh thanh nhan each ngudi lao dpng moi cho the he tre Mu6n vay, ngudi GVDN phai co nang lire giao due nghe nghiep Nang lue do the hien a kha nang cam boa thuyet phuc hpc sinh cda nguai thay, Nguai GVDN phai biet dac diem tam ly cua tdng nguai hpc de c6 phuong phap giao due phd hgp voi tdng d6i tugng nhat la vai ddi tupng ca biet Mu6n lam t6t c6ng tac giao due ngtrai GVDN phai thue sir guong mau
ve mpi mat de nguai hpc noi theo TTSP kh6ng chi la dieu kien ren luyen cac nang lire day hpc ma e6n la m6i truang thuan lpi de nguai hpc van dung nhung hieu biet ve tam ly hpc giao due hpc vao t6 chdc boat dpng giao due kh6ng cbi trong gia hpc ma c6n ca ngoai gia hpc Vi vay, nguai GVDN se co ca hoi va dieu kien de ren luyen cac nang luc su pham can thiet nhu: Nang luc xay dung ke hoach cho cac boat dpng su pham; nang lire hinh dung dupe hieu qua cda cac tac dpng giao due; cac nang luc lam c6ng lac chd nhiem; nang luc 16 chdc cac boat dpng giao due loan dien v.v
Day hpc thuc chat la qua trinh 16 chdc boat dpng da>- hpc va giao due theo nghTa hep vi vay d6i h6i nguai GVDN phai c6 nang lire quan ly, t6 chdc qua trinh nay Nang luc quan
ly t6 chdc qua trinh boat dpng the hien a sir pb6i hpp nhjp nhang nhung boat d6ng cua thav va li'6 trong dav' ly thuyet thuc hanh nghe, tham quan thuc te va cac boat dgng ngoai kh6a Nang luc nay dugc bieu hien qua cac nang luc nhu: Nang luc to chdc boat dgng tap the trong gia hgc (hoat dgng nh6m); nang lire t6 chdc boat dgng thuc hanh thuc tap; nang luc xu ly th6ng tin; nang lire lap ke hoach; nang luc t6 chdc thuc hien nhiem vii giao due dao lao; nang lire chi dao dieu hanh v.v
Nhu vay anh huang cda giai doan TTSP Irong qua trinh dao tao GVDN tai cac trudng
su pham ky thuat la da ro Qua trinh TTSP 1
dam bao chat lupng t6t se gidp cho ngudi \
nguai hpc nguai GVDN tuong lai thuc hien l6t nhiem vu giang day, giao due, t6 chuc va lii6n vung vang trong thuc lien nghe nghiep;
da dang va phong phd
Trang 3Vu Xuan Huna va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 99- 103 THU'C TRANG N A N G LUC SU' PHAM
CUA D Q I N G U GlAO VIEN GVDN
Trong nhung nam gan day, dpi ngd GVDN da
phat trien nhanh chong Theo s6 lieu th6ng ke
cda T6ng cue Day nghe tinb den thang 12 nam
2009, ca nuoc c6 20.195 GVDN tai eac truang
cao dang nghe, trung cap nghe va trung tam
day nghe trong do 4.678 giao vien tai cac
truang cao dang nghe, 9.583 giao vien tai cac
truang trung cap nghe va 5.934 giao vien tai
cac trung tam day nghe Ngoai ra, c6n c6 gan
16.000 giao vien thupc cac co- so giao due c6
tham gia day nghe, trong d6, rieng 142 truong
dai hpc, cao dang, trung cap chuyen nghiep c6
7.006 giao vien tham gia day nghe [7]
Gop phan vao viec phat trien s6 lupng dpi
ngu GVDN, mang luai cac truang su pham
ky thuat dao tao GVDN da dugc cung c6
phat trien Tinb den nam 2009, ca nuac c6 4
truang dai hgc su pham ky thuat (DHSPKT)
(Truong DHSPKT Hung v'en DHSPKT Nam
Djnh, DHSPKT Vinh DHSPKT Thanh pho
Ho Chi Minh), 01 Iruang cao dang sir pham
ky thuat (Truang Cao dang su pham ky thuat
VTnh Long), va 15 khoa su pham ky thuat cda
mot s6 truong dai hgc ky thuat tham gia dao
tao GVDN
Hien nay, mac dd kh6ng nhieu nhung s6
giao vien t6l nghiep cac Iruang su pham ky
thuat dang dong vai tro n6ng c6l trong cac
CO- so day nghe Tuy nhien mot dieu tra,
khao sat trong pham vi ca nuoc voi 112
giao vien tai 40 ctT sa day nghe (15 truang
cao dang nghe, 10 truang trung cap nghe, 5
trung tam day nghe) cho thay nang lire su
pham cda dgi ngd GVDN l6t nghiep cac
truong su pham ky thuat con yeu mac dd
dugc dao lao co- ban cu the:
- Tliitc trgng vi ndng lire dgy hgc
Theo kel qua dieu tra khao sat ve nang luc
day hgc (gom ca day ly thuyet va ihuc hanh
hoac tich hgp), trong 215 giao vien c6 15 giao
vien dat loai gi6i (chiem 6,97%), 45 giao vien
dat loai kha (cbidm 20.92%) 75 giao vien loai
trung binh (chiem 34.87%) va 80 giao vien
loai ylu (chilm 37.2%) Trong s6 80 giao
vien loai ylu thi co 52 la giao vien tre mai ra
truang S6 giao vien dat loai kha, gi6i deu la
giao vien co tham nien giang dav td 3 nam tra len
Thong qua ket qua dieu tra khao sat cho tha\' dgi ngu GVDN la nhung nguoi t6t nghiep cac truang su pham ky thuat da bgc 16 nhung diem yeu ve nang luc day bgc nhu sau:
-I- Viec thiet ke day hgc (soan giao an) thieu tinh khoa hgc, thuan tdy dua tren noi dung day hgc, rat it giao vien quan tam den viec xac djnh ddng muc tieu day hgc cung nhu phan tich day hgc Giao an chi la m6t tai lieu liet ke lai dan bai va noi dung chinh, kem theo ten pbirong phap giang day ma giao vien chgn hoac cam thay nen chgn, kh6ng the hien dugc boat dgng hgc va cac tieu chi phai dat dugc cua boat dgng bgc Su phan b6 noi dung, thai gian chua hgp ly nhat la trong phan huong dan thirc banh; C6n mot s6 giao vien xac djnh kh6ng ddng muc tieu day bgc nham lan giua muc tieu day va muc lieu bgc giiTa muc tieu
va yeu cau;
+ Clura nam vung cac phuong phap day bgc, nen lira chgn phuong phap khong plui hgp vai noi dung \a d6i tugng Kbi thuyet trinh giao vien khong the bien dirge muc lieu day hgc
vi the hgc sinh khong dugc djnh lurang dugc van de Khi dam thoai sau khi dat cau h6i nhieu giao vien da yeu cau hgc sinh tra lai ngay Neu hgc sinh tra lai ddng thi giao vien chuyen sang hgat dgng khac, neu sai Ihi giao vien "truy" den cdng hoac la tu tra loi Nhu the, tlurc sir clura co sir doi thoai Irong gia hgc va kh6ng danh gia ddng mdc can tra lai cda hgc sinh Do vay, chua phat huy dugc tinh tich cue cda bgc sinh de bien qua trinh dao tao thanh qua trinh tu dao tao
+ Han che \'e nang lire sir dung pbirong tien day hgc lam dung cac phirong lien true quan nhat la cac pbirong tien day hgc hien dai lam cho bai giang tra thanh no-i pb6 dien thiet bj, cong nghe ma bieu qua tac dgng den nguoi hgc thap
-I- Yeu ve sd dung ng6n ngd dien dat khong
ro rang, nguai hgc kho tiep tlui biii
-I- Viec kiem tra, danh gia ket qua bgc tap nang ve lhanh tich, kh6ng thuc hien dugc chdc nang quan trgng cua kiem Ira danh gia trong qua trinh day hgc
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Trang 4Vu Xuan Huna va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 99- 103
- Thuc trgng ndng luc gido diic
Theo kel qua dieu tra khao sat co 23.25%
giao vien yeu ve nang luc giao due Chiem
phan lan trong s6 giao vien yeu ke tren la so
giao vien tre c6 tham nien tir 1 den 2 nam
chua c6 nhieu kinh nghiem giao due Nhung
diem yeu ca ban ve nang luc giao due cua
GVDN dugc bgc 16 nhu sau:
-I- Chua ket hgp dugc viec giao due thai dp
doi vai tung c6ng viec cung nhu cac pham
chat nghe nghiep th6ng qua gia giang nhat la
d6i vai cac gia giang ly thuvet thuan tdv' lam
cho qua trinh hinh lhanh nhan each a nguai
hpc chua dupe ro net;
-I- Chua lao cho nguoi hpc I6ng say me nghe
nghiep;
-I- Thieu kinh nghiem trong c6ng tac giao due
ca biet ha\ ddng menh lenh kb6ng lam cho
nguoi hpc kham phuc; xu ly cac tinh hu6ng
su pham chua kheo leo cdng nhac
Thuc trgng ndng lire quan ly, td chitc qud
trinh dciy hgc
Ve nang luc quan ly, t6 chdc qua trinh day
hgc c6 7.9% giao vien bj xep loai yeu va chu
yeu trong so giao vien tre mai ra truong Han
che ve nang luc quan ly t6 chdc qua trinh day
hgc bieu hien cu the tren mpt s6 npi dung sau:
+ Thieu tinh ke hoach trong cac boat dpng
day hpc, boat dpng giao due; chua ph6i hgp
t6t dugc boat dgng day hgc va giao due;
-I- T6 chdc qua trinh thirc banh thuc tap chua
phd hgp vai qu\ luat binh lhanh ky nang ky
xao nghe nghiep nen ket qua thuc tap cda hgc
sinh chua cao;
-I- Thieu kinh nghiem trong viec t6 chuc cac
boat dpng tap the cda 16p hpc Viec l6 chdc boat
dpng nhom thuc hien mpt each may m6c
cuong ep dan den kh6ng dat hieu qua cao
DE X U A T G I A I P H A P N A N G CAO N A N G
LUC SU' PHAM CHO D Q I NGU GVDN
Trong nhung nam gan day viec xay dung,
nang cao chat lupng dpi ngd nha giao n6i
chung GVDN n6i rieng da dugc sir quan tam
cda Dang va Nha nuac Chi thj so 40/CT-TW
ngay 15/6/2004 cda Ban Bi thu Trung uong
Dang; Quylt djnh so 09/2005/QD-TTg ngay
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11/01/2005 eda Thd tu6ng Chinh phd da khang djnh ro muc lieu xay dung dgi ngu nha giao theo huong chuan h6a hien dai hoa, dam bao chat lugng, dd ve s6 lupng d6ng bp ve
ca cau tiep can voi chuan khu vuc va the gidi
De nang cao nang luc su pham ky thuat noi chung nang luc su pham cho dpi ngd GVDN n6i rieng ngoai cac giai phap nhu nang cao nang luc dao tao cda eac co- sa dao tao, boi duang GVDN; xay dung lai chuong trinh ndi dung dao tao thi can tap trung vao nhung giai phap cu the, mang tinh dot pha trong lung khau tdng giai doan cda qua trinh dao tao tai cac truang su pham ky thuat
Nhu da trinh bay a tren nang luc su pham cda GVDN dupe hinh lhanh phat trien chu yeu Irong giai doan TTSP Mat khac, thuc te nang luc su pham cda dpi ngd GVDN, nhat la nang luc day hpc nang lue giao due va nang luc quan ly, t6 chirc day hpc con rat yeu, do vay theo chdng t6i nen dot pha vao viec nang cao chat lupng TTSP tai cae truang su pham
ky thuat theo mot each tiep can moi.- Tiep can ndng lire thuc hien
TTSP theo tiep can nang lire thuc hien chu trpng vao dau ra cda qua trinh dao lao nghTa
la nguai hpc sau khi ket thdc giai doan TTSP c6 kha nang thue bien nhiem vu giang day, giao due quan ly va t6 chuc day hpc theo lieu chuan dat ra d6i voi lung nhiem vu, c6ng viec
cu the, the hien muc dp eao nhat nang luc su pham eda nguai GVDN, dap dng dupe ngay nhung d6i h6i cda thuc tien giao due, dao tao Theo huong liep can nay, giai phap trong giai doan truae mat la can tap trung nghien cuu, van dung, trien khai tiep can nang luc thirc hien trong dao tao GVDN n6i chung va TTSP noi rieng Giai phap nay la can thiet, cap bach
va c6 tinh kha thi
Nhu vay, co the thay boat dpng TTSP c6 anh huang lan quan trpng tai nang luc su pham cda nguai GVDN Nang luc su pham rat phong phd va phuc tap nen viec hinh lhanh no
6 nguai hpc kh6ng phai de dang De nguai GVDN c6 nang luc su pham t6t, khac phuc nhung yeu kem, bat cap hien nay, ngay Irong qua trinh dao tao nh4l la qua trinh TTSP can
CO nhung d6i mai de nang cao chat lugng
Trang 5Vu Xuan Huna va DTG Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 79(03): 9 9 - 103
T T S P , c6 nhu vay nang luc s u pham c d a dgi
ngu G V D N m a i thuc s u d u g c dam b a o , gop
phan quan trgng v a o viec nang c a o chat
lugng dao tao nguon nhan luc lao d g n g ky
thuat cho su nghiep c 6 n g nghiep boa, hien
dai hoa dat nuoc
T A I LIEU THAM K H A O
[I].Nguyen Minh Dudng (2005) Tiep can he
thdng trong nghien cini khoa hgc ve su phgm ky
thudl Tap chi Khoa hgc giao due, sd 1, thang
10/2005
[2].Nguyen Dinh Chinh (1991), Thuc tap sir
phgm, Nha xuat ban Giao due Ha Ndi
[3].Pham Minh Hac (2001), Tdm ly hgc, Nha xuSt
ban Giao due Ha Ndi
[4].Phan Kha (1992), Ddnh gld ddl ngii gldo vien dgy nghe De tai Hd-92-95 Vien Vien Nghien ciru
phat trien giao due Ha Ndi;
[5].Nguyen Due Tri (2004), Xdy dung md hinh ddo tgo gldo vien ky thudl a trinh dd dgi hgc eho cdc trudng trung hge chuyen nghiep dgy
nghe-Vien Nghien cuu phat trien giao due Ha Ndi [6],Quylt djnh sd 09/2005/QD-TTg ngay 11/1/2005 ciia Thu tudng Chinh phu ve viec phe duyet de an Xay dung, nang cao chat lugng ddi ngij nha giao va can bd quan ly giao due giai doan 2005-2010;
[7].Bo Lao dong - Thuo-ng binh va Xa hoi, Du thao De dn phdt trien ddi ngii gido vien dgy nghe glal dogn 2009- 2015
[8] Hanno Hortsch (2003), Dldaktlk der Benifshlldung, Hochschulskripten Universitaet
Dresden
S U M M A R Y
P E D A G O G I C A L P R A C T I C E A N D T E A C H E R S ' C A P A C I T Y S T A T U S O F
T E A C H E R S O F V O C A T I O N A L T R A I N I N G
Vu Xuan Hung'*, Truong Dai Duc^
General Department ofl'ocalional Training 'Thai \giiyen University
The paper presents research on the impact of pedagogical practice to the pedagogy competence of
vocational training teachers as teaching competence, education competence, management organizational competence of teaching Besides article has analysis and evaluation to clarify the current status of teaching competence, education competence and management organizational competence of vocational teachers as a basis for all solutions for improving the quality of pedagogical practice at school technical teachers, teachers' capacity building of teachers training Accordingly, the approach to competence based training has been considered an effective solution
to improve the quality of pedagogical practice, thereby improving the capacity of vocational training teacher
Keywords: Pedagogical technical; pedagogy competence; practice pedagogical; vocational
training teacher
Tel: 098.375.2225; Emad; lmngvdtnUTigmall.com
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